CN107121078A - A kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed - Google Patents
A kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed Download PDFInfo
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- CN107121078A CN107121078A CN201710333425.8A CN201710333425A CN107121078A CN 107121078 A CN107121078 A CN 107121078A CN 201710333425 A CN201710333425 A CN 201710333425A CN 107121078 A CN107121078 A CN 107121078A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
- G01B11/0608—Height gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed, mainly including leveling system, piston system, sensing system and display unit；The leveling system includes horizontal check platform, hydraulic control unit and level meter；The sensing system includes temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module；Described control unit is connected with the horizontal check platform, level meter respectively, the horizontal check platform and level meter are connected with the piston system, the temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module are connected with the piston system respectively, and the temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module are connected with the display unit respectively.A kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention, it is possible to achieve the measurement advantage that convenient, precision is high and error is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to piston field of measuring technique, in particular it relates to a kind of piston based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed
Special comprehensive measuring system.
Background technology
Provided in JJG59-1990 bis-, third standard piston pressure gauge vertification regulation, measurement piston effective area is used
Beginning balancing method.The JJG59-2007 piston gage vertification regulations newly revised add direct balanced method, and this is a kind of international
Upper common calibration method, it is more scientific and reasonable in theory.New order is defined when standard piston pressure gauge and tested piston
Piston system material, the geomery of formula pressure gauge just use starting balancing method when being substantially the same.Piston discussed herein is effective
The problem of should be noted during area measurement.
Direct balanced method determines the difference in height of standard piston pressure gauge and tested piston gage reference planes first
H, then measures the piston mass and connector quality of piston gage, it should be noted which quality serves.
During first equalization point, two-piston is set to rise to working position after adding corresponding specific weight, plus-pressure on two pressure gauges respectively
Put, rotated with certain rotary speed, balance two-piston, record nominal pressure values, piston temperature, counterbalance mass, environment
Parameter.According to the calculation formula of direct balanced method：
Subscripting T amount is subordinate's standard piston, and subscripting S amount is higher level's standard piston.
In formula：AT0Subordinate's standard piston effective area under-zero gauge pressure, mm2
AS0Higher level's standard piston effective area under-zero gauge pressure, mm2
M-piston, load-bearing plate and all specific weights vacuum quality, kg
ρ-specific weight density, kg/m3
ρa- atmospheric density, kg/m3
ρf- working media density, kg/m3
The acceleration of gravity on g-use ground, m/s2
The surface tension coefficient of γ-working media, N/m2
The nominal pressure of p-piston, Pa
The difference in height of h-piston plane of reference, m
The thermal coefficient of expansion of α-piston system, DEG C-1
The pressure deformation coefficient of λ-piston system, MPa-1
The temperature of t-piston system, DEG C
The formula of formula (9) and direct balanced method in piston gage vertification regulation is substantially identical.In formula,
In addition to needing accurate measurement piston, load-bearing plate and the vacuum quality of all specific weights, in addition it is also necessary to accurate measurement piston reference
The difference in height in face and the temperature of piston system.
The measuring method of depth pistion is to discuss first, and the first measuring method of prior art is：The process of measurement is such as
Shown in Fig. 1：Piston is in equilbrium position first, height identification line is made in position 7, it is secondly slow to identify piston position
Take out piston and it is close to piston cylinder in vertical direction, find home position, make the top of piston cylinder and position 7 mutually neat, this
When using digital display height kind of calliper piston lower surface (position 4), height value 3 is the height of piston lower surface and the plane of reference 2
Difference is spent, measurement is finished.
Second of measuring method of prior art be：Height value is measured by sonac, module is mainly by launching
Unit, receiving unit, main control unit, power supply unit are constituted.Ultrasonic transducer transmission signal is controlled by main control unit, through work
Tray bottom reflection is filled in, is received by receiving unit, main control unit counter records signal propagation time is triggered, is surveyed according to the time difference
Distance is calculated away from method.In the case of known piston bar physical dimension, difference in height is calculated.
But, the first measuring method, its complex operation takes a substantial amount of time；Piston is taken out repeatedly, easily causes work
The damage of plug；Accuracy of measurement is poor, artificial measurement, using visually observing the error of bringing supervisor.Second of measuring method, its
Time error is big, it is ensured that time resolution reaches that Microsecond grade, i.e. main control chip crystal oscillator frequency should reach 10MHz or higher,
It just can guarantee that its accuracy of timekeeping；Ultrasonic propagation velocity error is big, and ultrasonic propagation velocity is by the Effects of Density of medium, and medium is close
The spread speed of the more high then ultrasonic wave of degree is faster, and Media density has close relationship, it is necessary to accurately measure ring with temperature
Compensate to reduce measurement error when border temperature is to sound.
In summary, develop a kind of compact conformation, dependable performance, it is easy to operate based on temperature, difference in height, rotating speed work
Special comprehensive measuring system is filled in, is an important research direction in piston manometer field.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention in view of the above-mentioned problems, propose that a kind of piston based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed is special
Integrated Measurement System, to realize the measurement advantage that convenient, precision is high and error is small.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of piston based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed
Special comprehensive measuring system, mainly including leveling system, piston system, sensing system and display unit；
The leveling system includes horizontal check platform, hydraulic control unit and level meter；The sensing system includes surveying
Warm module, speed measuring module and range finder module；
Described control unit is connected with the horizontal check platform, level meter respectively, the horizontal check platform and level meter
It is connected with the piston system, the temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module are connected with the piston system respectively
Connect, the temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module are connected with the display unit respectively.
Further, the horizontal check platform includes executing agency.
Further, the executing agency includes ball screw assembly, worm and gear and servomotor；Worm gear and ball-screw
One group of gear train is co-axially mounted, servomotor output torque to worm screw is transferred to ball-screw, and then band through worm gear, gear train
Dynamic nut vertical movement, realizes the conversion by turning to linear motion.
Further, the level meter is Two-dimensional electron level meter, and Two-dimensional electron level meter measures tested horizontal plane simultaneously
Two orthogonal direction levelness, and the hydraulic control unit is outputed signal to, the hydraulic control unit receives Two-dimensional electron
Level meter output signal, calculates and produces control signal, and driving executing agency adjusts the perpendicularity of the piston system.
Further, the range finder module includes laser range finder, and the laser range finder includes laser, detector；
Optical filter, diaphragm, amplifying circuit, shaping circuit, trigger, counter and clock oscillator.
Further, the temperature measurement module mainly include sensor preamplifier circuit, it is single-chip microcomputer, A/D change-over circuits, aobvious
Show circuit and software nonlinearity correction circuit.
Further, the speed measuring module is used based on 3 tangential velocity method measurement piston pallet rotating speeds；Test the speed mould
Block is integrated with three displacement transducers, and into isosceles right triangle arrangement, piston horizontal check platform plane is installed on vertically upward,
Displacement transducer can measure linear velocity of the pallet with respect to three measurement points during pistons work, according to bikini tangential speed method meter
Calculate piston pallet rotating speed.
Further, a kind of piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed, mainly including level
Checking table, hydraulic control unit, speed probe, distance measuring sensor, temperature sensor, piston system, display unit and level
Instrument；
The hydraulic control unit is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal check platform, and the piston system is vertically installed in described
Center on horizontal check platform, the display unit, speed probe, distance measuring sensor and level meter are successively from left to right
It is arranged on the horizontal check platform and the speed probe and distance measuring sensor is located at the piston system both sides, institute respectively
Temperature sensor is stated to be arranged on the piston side wall of the piston system.
Further, a kind of piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed is measured piston
Method, wherein the piston of (1) for regular cylindrical body
For the piston of regular cylindrical body, the lower surface of its piston is the plane of reference, only need to measure the height of the plane of reference.
It is the process of theory deduction below：The determination of piston effective area is relevant with the reference point chosen, i.e. each plane of reference pair
Answer an effective area.
In the presence of this model：When piston system works, if the corresponding horizontal plane in the lower end of piston cylinder is 1, piston cylinder
The corresponding horizontal plane in top is 2, and the corresponding horizontal plane of piston is 3, and the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3 is H；
Pressure at horizontal plane 1,2 is respectively P1、P2, the part that piston is in air is I, into working media
Part be II, gravity is G, and buoyancy is F, and viscous force is f, S0For piston P1The area at place,
For piston equilibrium establishment equation：
(P1-P2)S0=G-F-f (1)
It can obtain：
Wherein, acceleration of gravity is g, vⅠFor the volume of air part, vⅡFor the volume of working media part, piston is in sky
The gravity of gas part is GⅠ, gravity of the piston in working media part is GⅡ, ρa、ρm、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, piston density,
Working media density, SOil ringFor piston and the area in piston cylinder gap；
Wherein, SeffFor the effective area of piston；
Force analysis, equilibrium establishment equation are carried out to II part of piston：
fLiquid+ F=FⅠ+GⅡ (4)
Due to fLiquidAnd FⅠIt is a pair of equilibrant force, can obtains
F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H (5)
Bring formula (5) into formula (2), obtain
Again because P1-P2+(ρl-ρa) gH=P3, the pressure wherein at horizontal plane 3 is P3,
So the effective area plane of reference of piston is in P3The horizontal plane at place, piston rod need to be only measured during measurement difference in height
Bottommost；
(2) for the piston of bottom limited location device
Need to carry out theory analysis to piston side bossing, it is considered to which its buoyancy, effect is as at piston most bottom
Portion adds a part of height：H1=H+H0,
Wherein H is the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3, S0For piston P1The area at place, H0For spacing volume V0Draw
The difference in height risen；
By formula F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H1 (7)
Again because of P1-P2+(ρl-ρa)gH1=P3, H0=V0/S0,
As long as measuring spacing volume, revised spacing height value H can be obtained by bringing calculating into1；
Wherein, the pressure at horizontal plane 1,2,3 is respectively P1、P2、P3, buoyancy is F, S0For piston P1The area at place, wherein,
Acceleration of gravity is g, and gravity of the piston in working media part is GⅡ, ρa、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, working media density；
(3) for the piston with hollow structure
General gas piston formula pressure gauge, its measurement lower limit is smaller, minimum to can reach 4kPa；For using stainless steel
The piston system of matter, its internal generally hollow-core construction；
Need to carry out theory analysis to hollow piston cylinder part, it is considered to which its buoyancy, effect is as at piston most bottom
Portion reduces a part of height：H2=H-H0,
Wherein, H is the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3, S0For piston P1The area at place, H0For hollow cylinder volume
V0Caused difference in height,
By formula F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H2 (8)
Again because of P1-P2+(ρl-ρa)gH2=P3,
As long as measuring hollow cylinder volume, revised spacing height value H can be obtained by bringing calculating into2；
Wherein R is the radius of piston-cylinder, and r is the radius of hollow cylinder, and π is at pi, horizontal plane 1,2,3
Pressure is respectively P1、P2、P3, buoyancy is F, S0For piston P1The area at place, acceleration of gravity is g, and piston is in working media part
Gravity be GⅡ, ρa、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, working media density.
A kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention, mainly including leveling
System, piston system, sensing system and display unit；
With following technique effect：
1st, the measurement of depth pistion difference is carried out using digital display height slide calliper rule combination laser range finder, the degree of accuracy is high, simple side
Just, efficiency is improved, and without extraction piston repeatedly, improves the service life of piston.
2nd, consider to need to measure the lower surface of piston during measurement difference in height, to different configuration (regular cylindrical body or with limit
Position device and hollow-core construction irregular body) piston analyzed, it is proposed that measuring principle, method and process.
3rd, the platinum resistance thermometer in temperature-measuring module is arranged in the side wall of piston cylinder, and trip temperature prison is entered to piston system
Survey, to greatest extent close to the true temperature value of piston.
4th, piston pallet rotating speed is measured using based on 3 tangential velocity methods.Module is integrated with three displacement transducers,
Into isosceles right triangle arrangement, piston horizontal check platform plane is installed on vertically upward.
5th, there is provided automatic regulating checking table, the requirement to perpendicularity in piston gage verification process is met；Tool
Have the advantages that transmission efficiency is high, control accuracy is high, at the same worm and gear solve ball-screw can not self-locking problem.
6th, the parameters when integration unit measures work using noncontact, conveniently, realize that piston system is real
When temperature survey, adjust automatically piston horizontal level, measurement piston rotation speed and depth pistion measurement.
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes a part for specification, the reality with the present invention
Applying example is used to explain the present invention together, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of the first depth pistion measuring method in background technology；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure of the piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structure of the piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is a kind of measurement of the piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention
With the fundamental diagram of laser；
Fig. 5 is a kind of pulse of the piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention
The structural representation of laser range finder；
Fig. 6 is a kind of thermometric of the piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention
Modular electrical schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is rule circle in the method that measurement apparatus described in a kind of application claim 8 of the present invention is measured piston
Cylinder piston structural texture schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is rule circle in the method that measurement apparatus described in a kind of application claim 8 of the present invention is measured piston
Cylinder piston part 2 force analysis figure；
Fig. 9 is bottom tool in the method that measurement apparatus described in a kind of application claim 8 of the present invention is measured piston
Limited location device piston structural texture schematic diagram；
In having in the method that Figure 10 is measured piston for measurement apparatus described in a kind of application claim 8 of the present invention
The piston structural texture schematic diagram of hollow structure.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 1 marks as follows in the embodiment of the present invention：
1- digital display height slide calliper rule；The 2- plane of references；3- height values；4- piston lower surfaces；5- piston cylinders；6- piston rods；7- is high
Spend tag line；
With reference to accompanying drawing 5, accompanying drawing 5 marks as follows in the embodiment of the present invention：
1- lasers；2- detectors (photoelectricity)；3- optical filters；4- diaphragms；5- amplifying circuits；6- shaping circuits；7- is triggered
Device；8- counters；9- clock oscillators.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it will be appreciated that preferred reality described herein
Apply example to be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed, main to include adjusting
Flat system, piston system, sensing system and display unit；Leveling system includes horizontal check platform, hydraulic control unit and water
Level；Sensing system includes temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module；Control unit respectively with the horizontal check platform,
Level meter is connected, and horizontal check platform and level meter are connected with piston system, temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module
It is connected respectively with piston system, temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module are connected with display unit respectively.
Further, the horizontal check platform includes executing agency.
Level meter is Two-dimensional electron level meter, and Two-dimensional electron level meter measures two orthogonal direction water of tested horizontal plane simultaneously
Pingdu, and hydraulic control unit is outputed signal to, hydraulic control unit receives Two-dimensional electron level meter output signal, calculates and produce
Raw control signal, driving executing agency adjusts the perpendicularity of piston system.
Range finder module includes laser range finder, and laser range finder includes laser, detector；Optical filter, diaphragm, amplification electricity
Road, shaping circuit, trigger, counter and clock oscillator.
Temperature measurement module mainly includes sensor preamplifier circuit, single-chip microcomputer, A/D change-over circuits, display circuit and software
Nonlinearity correction circuit.
Speed measuring module is used based on 3 tangential velocity method measurement piston pallet rotating speeds；Speed measuring module is integrated with three positions
Displacement sensor, into isosceles right triangle arrangement, is installed on piston horizontal check platform plane, displacement during pistons work vertically upward
Sensor can measure linear velocity of the pallet with respect to three measurement points, and calculating piston pallet according to bikini tangential speed method turns
Speed.
Common tachometric survey mainly measures rotating speed, it is necessary in testee by photoelectric conversion mode in velocity-measuring system
Surface mount Luminous paster reflected signal is received for sensor.For piston gage, its piston connector and support
The quality requirement of disk immobilizes, and otherwise can introduce quality error, therefore can not make to measure in this way.Using based on
3 tangential velocity methods measure piston pallet rotating speed.Module is integrated with three displacement transducers, into isosceles right triangle row
Row, are installed on piston horizontal check platform plane, displacement transducer can measure pallet with respect to three during pistons work vertically upward
The linear velocity of measurement point, piston pallet rotating speed can be calculated according to bikini tangential speed method.
Automatic adjusting horizontal system design employs split type automatic level regulator and realizes piston system horizontal survey, and
The perpendicularity of automatic adjustment system.Device is made up of Two-dimensional electron level meter, control unit and horizontal check platform.Two-dimensional electron water
Level can measure tested two orthogonal direction levelness of horizontal plane simultaneously, and exportable signal is to control unit；Control unit connects
Level meter output signal is received, calculates and produces control signal, driving horizontal check Tai Nei executing agencies adjust hanging down for piston system
Straight degree；Executing agency includes ball screw assembly, turbine and worm and servomotor composition.Turbine and leading screw are co-axially mounted one group of gear
Group, servomotor output torque to worm screw is transferred to screw mandrel through turbine, gear train, and then drives nut vertical movement, realize by
The conversion of linear motion is turned to, has the advantages that transmission efficiency height, control accuracy are high, while turbine and worm solves ball wire
Thick stick can not self-locking problem.
As shown in figure 3, a kind of piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed, mainly including water
Flat checking table, hydraulic control unit, speed probe, distance measuring sensor, temperature sensor, piston system, display unit and water
Level；Hydraulic control unit is arranged at the bottom of horizontal check platform, and piston system is vertically installed in the center on horizontal check platform
Position, display unit, speed probe, distance measuring sensor and level meter are arranged on horizontal check platform and turned from left to right successively
Fast sensor and distance measuring sensor are located at piston system both sides respectively, and temperature sensor is arranged at the piston side wall of piston system
On.
Wherein, the height value of piston is h=h1-h2, wherein h2Measured by electronic digital indicator, h1Surveyed by laser range finder
Amount gained.Mainly realize function described below：1st, the levelness of automatic amendment adjustment piston system；2nd, measure in real time and show work
The temperature of plug system；3rd, the velocity of rotation of piston system is measured；4th, the height value of piston system is measured.
As shown in figure 4, the laser pulse that laser is sent, runs into target back reflection and returns and by rangefinder reception device
Photodetector receives and amplified, and obtaining laser by certain method travels to and fro between time required for target (to launch light arteries and veins
Punching is identified with receiving light pulse for timing start-stop) t, the distance of object to be measured, formula are finally calculated by formula L=ct/2
L is distance, and c is the light velocity.The laser pulse that generally laser is instantaneously sent is as main ripple signal, running into object back reflection
The laser pulse returned is as echo-signal.The acquisition of two-way time is needed first using certain mode to main broadcaster's signal and echo
Signal identified, time interval between the two is then calculated with corresponding method again, thus required for calculating away from
From.
Typical pulse type laser range-measurement system possesses with lower module：Control module, laser pulse emission module, echo letter
Number receive amplification module, main ripple signal and identification module, round time interval measurement module at the time of echo-signal.
As shown in figure 5, the course of work of pulse laser laser welder is：Reset switch K is opened first, whole range-measurement system
It is reset, carries out ranging preparation.Pulse laser is triggered and launches in main ripple signal, this signal most of energy quilt simultaneously
Object is transmitted into, sub-fraction energy is sent to reception system as reference signal and visited together with echo-signal by photoelectricity in addition
Survey device and be successively converted to electric signal.Electric signal after conversion is after amplification shaping accordingly, respectively as initial signal and end
Stop signal makes trigger overturn and overturn invalid, timer counting starts while trigger is overturn, and counts and stops when overturning invalid
Only.In order to reduce the interference that veiling glare etc. is caused to photodetector, diaphragm and interferometric filter is used herein.Respectively with master
Ripple signal and the rising edge of echo-signal are differentiated that the pulse number that recorded according to period can be calculated as mark
Two-way time.
As shown in fig. 6, temperature measurement circuit is divided into two parts, one is sensor preamplifier circuit, and one is Chip Microcomputer A/D conversions
With display, control, the part such as software gamma correction.
High-accuracy A/D converter ICL7135, Pt Resistance Temperature Measuring Circuit the Linearization Design realizes 4 half biproduct partings
A/D is changed, and each change-over period of ICL7135.ICL7135 is divided into three phases：Automatic zero set stage, tested voltage integrating meter rank
Section, anti-integration phase is carried out to reference voltage Uref.The analysis ICL7135 course of work is measured with reference to platinum resistance temperature：1st, just
To integration phase.2nd, the reverse integral stage.
ICL7135 and single-chip microcomputer 89C52 interfaces new method, are using it there is MULTIPLE DYNAMIC to scan using 7135
Binary-coded decimal exports to read A/D transformation results, the so not only time-consuming but also more mouth line of occupancy.In measure and control instrument, take less as far as possible
Microprocessor I/O mouth lines, are highly important with minimum prototype part, completion task as much as possible.ICL7135 presented here
With the simple and easy method of interface microcontroller, it is to be held using 7135 " BUSY ", need to only takes an I/O of single chip computer89C51 and interior
One timer in portion, it is possible to ICL7135 A/D conversion values are sent to monolithic in the interrupt service routine of more than ten microseconds
In machine.It facts have proved that this method has actual application value.
As shown in fig. 7, what a kind of piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed was measured piston
Method, wherein the measuring method for the piston of regular cylindrical body is as follows：
For the piston of regular cylindrical body, the lower surface of its piston is the plane of reference, only need to measure the height of the plane of reference.
It is the process of theory deduction below：The determination of piston effective area is relevant with the reference point chosen, i.e. each plane of reference pair
Answer an effective area.
In the presence of this model：When piston system works, if the corresponding horizontal plane in the lower end of piston cylinder is 1, piston cylinder
The corresponding horizontal plane in top is 2, and the corresponding horizontal plane of piston is 3, and the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3 is H；
Pressure at horizontal plane 1,2 is respectively P1、P2, the part that piston is in air is I, into working media
Part be II, gravity is G, and buoyancy is F, and viscous force is f, S0For piston P1The area at place,
For piston equilibrium establishment equation：
(P1-P2)S0=G-F-f (1)
It can obtain：
Wherein, acceleration of gravity is g, vⅠFor the volume of air part, vⅡFor the volume of working media part, piston is in sky
The gravity of gas part is GⅠ, gravity of the piston in working media part is GⅡ, ρa、ρm、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, piston density,
Working media density, SOil ringFor piston and the area in piston cylinder gap；
Wherein, SeffFor the effective area of piston；
Force analysis, equilibrium establishment equation are carried out to II part of piston：
fLiquid+ F=FⅠ+GⅡ (4)
Due to fLiquidAnd FⅠIt is a pair of equilibrant force, can obtains
F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H (5)
Bring formula (5) into formula (2), obtain
Again because P1-P2+(ρl-ρa) gH=P3, the pressure wherein at horizontal plane 3 is P3,
So the effective area plane of reference of piston is in P3The horizontal plane at place, piston rod need to be only measured during measurement difference in height
Bottommost.
As shown in figure 8, it is regular cylindrical body piston part 2 force analysis figure, it is known that fLiquid+ F=FⅠ+GⅡ。
As shown in figure 9, what a kind of piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed was measured piston
Method, wherein the measuring method for the piston of bottom limited location device is as follows：
Need to carry out theory analysis to piston side bossing, it is considered to which its buoyancy, effect is as at piston most bottom
Portion adds a part of height：H1=H+H0,
Wherein H is the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3, S0For piston P1The area at place, H0For spacing volume V0Draw
The difference in height risen；
By formula F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H1 (7)
Again because of P1-P2+(ρl-ρa)gH1=P3, H0=V0/S0,
As long as measuring spacing volume, revised spacing height value H can be obtained by bringing calculating into1；
Wherein, the pressure at horizontal plane 1,2,3 is respectively P1、P2、P3, buoyancy is F, S0For piston P1The area at place, wherein,
Acceleration of gravity is g, and gravity of the piston in working media part is GⅡ, ρa、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, working media density.
As shown in Figure 10, a kind of piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed is measured piston
Method, wherein the measuring method for the piston with hollow structure is as follows：
General gas piston formula pressure gauge, its measurement lower limit is smaller, minimum to can reach 4kPa；For using stainless steel
The piston system of matter, its internal generally hollow-core construction；
Need to carry out theory analysis to hollow piston cylinder part, it is considered to which its buoyancy, effect is as at piston most bottom
Portion reduces a part of height：H2=H-H0,
Wherein, H is the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3, S0For piston P1The area at place, H0For hollow cylinder volume
V0Caused difference in height,
By formula F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H2 (8)
Again because of P1-P2+(ρl-ρa)gH2=P3,
As long as measuring hollow cylinder volume, revised spacing height value H can be obtained by bringing calculating into2；
Wherein R is the radius of piston-cylinder, and r is the radius of hollow cylinder, and π is at pi, horizontal plane 1,2,3
Pressure is respectively P1、P2、P3, buoyancy is F, S0For piston P1The area at place, acceleration of gravity is g, and piston is in working media part
Gravity be GⅡ, ρa、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, working media density.
Angle, the environment of piston gage mainly by place to use acceleration of gravity, piston axis and vertical direction
Temperature is closely related with actual use.In real work, it need to ensure that piston system rotates according to the angular speed of regulation, existing bar
Part can only estimate the requirement whether rotary speed reaches vertification regulation, it is impossible to measure its exact value.In the measurement of depth pistion
Measured using straight steel ruler, the uncertainty that measuring method, human factor are brought is larger.Needed during height difference measuring
Withdrawing piston repeatedly, there is the danger of Remedy for Piston Damage.The integration unit using noncontact, conveniently measure work when it is each
Individual parameter, realize the real-time temperature survey of piston system, adjust automatically piston horizontal level, measurement piston rotation speed and
The measurement of depth pistion.
Following beneficial effect can at least be reached：
A kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed of the present invention, mainly including leveling
System, piston system, sensing system and display unit；
1st, the measurement of depth pistion difference is carried out using digital display height slide calliper rule combination laser range finder, the degree of accuracy is high, simple side
Just, efficiency is improved, and without extraction piston repeatedly, improves the service life of piston.
2nd, consider to need to measure the lower surface of piston during measurement difference in height, to different configuration (regular cylindrical body or with limit
Position device and hollow-core construction irregular body) piston analyzed, it is proposed that measuring principle, method and process.
3rd, the platinum resistance thermometer in temperature-measuring module is arranged in the side wall of piston cylinder, and trip temperature prison is entered to piston system
Survey, to greatest extent close to the true temperature value of piston.
4th, piston pallet rotating speed is measured using based on 3 tangential velocity methods.Module is integrated with three displacement transducers,
Into isosceles right triangle arrangement, piston horizontal check platform plane is installed on vertically upward.
5th, there is provided automatic regulating checking table, the requirement to perpendicularity in piston gage verification process is met；Tool
Have the advantages that transmission efficiency is high, control accuracy is high, at the same worm and gear solve ball-screw can not self-locking problem.
6th, the parameters when integration unit measures work using noncontact, conveniently, realize that piston system is real
When temperature survey, adjust automatically piston horizontal level, measurement piston rotation speed and depth pistion measurement.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed, it is characterised in that the system is main
Including leveling system, piston system, sensing system and display unit；
The leveling system includes horizontal check platform, hydraulic control unit and level meter；The sensing system includes thermometric mould
Block, speed measuring module and range finder module；
Described control unit is connected with the horizontal check platform, level meter respectively, the horizontal check platform and level meter with
The piston system is connected, and the temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module are connected with the piston system respectively, institute
Temperature measurement module, speed measuring module and range finder module is stated respectively with the display unit to be connected.
2. a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the horizontal check platform includes executing agency.
3. a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed according to claim 2, it is special
Levy and be, the executing agency includes ball screw assembly, worm and gear and servomotor；Worm gear and ball-screw are co-axially mounted one
Team's gear train, servomotor output torque to worm screw is transferred to ball-screw, and then drive nut vertical through worm gear, gear train
Motion, realizes the conversion by turning to linear motion.
4. a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the level meter is Two-dimensional electron level meter, Two-dimensional electron level meter measures two orthogonal sides of tested horizontal plane simultaneously
To levelness, and the hydraulic control unit is outputed signal to, the hydraulic control unit receives the output of Two-dimensional electron level meter
Signal, calculates and produces control signal, and driving executing agency adjusts the perpendicularity of the piston system.
5. a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the range finder module includes laser range finder, the laser range finder includes laser, detector；Optical filter, light
Door screen, amplifying circuit, shaping circuit, trigger, counter and clock oscillator.
6. a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the temperature measurement module mainly includes sensor preamplifier circuit, single-chip microcomputer, A/D change-over circuits, display circuit and soft
Part nonlinearity correction circuit.
7. a kind of piston special comprehensive measuring system based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, the speed measuring module is used based on 3 tangential velocity method measurement piston pallet rotating speeds；Speed measuring module is integrated with three
Individual displacement transducer, into isosceles right triangle arrangement, is installed on piston horizontal check platform plane, during pistons work vertically upward
Displacement transducer can measure linear velocity of the pallet with respect to three measurement points, and piston support is calculated according to bikini tangential speed method
Disk rotating speed.
8. a kind of piston special comprehensive measurement apparatus based on temperature, difference in height and rotating speed, it is characterised in that described device is main
It is single including horizontal check platform, hydraulic control unit, speed probe, distance measuring sensor, temperature sensor, piston system, display
Member and level meter；
The hydraulic control unit is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal check platform, and the piston system is vertically installed in the level
Center on checking table, the display unit, speed probe, distance measuring sensor and level meter are set from left to right successively
In on the horizontal check platform and the speed probe and distance measuring sensor respectively be located at the piston system both sides, the temperature
Degree sensor is arranged on the piston side wall of the piston system.
9. the method that measurement apparatus described in a kind of application claim 8 is measured piston, it is characterised in that
(1) for the piston of regular cylindrical body
For the piston of regular cylindrical body, the lower surface of its piston is the plane of reference, only need to measure the height of the plane of reference.Below
For the process of theory deduction：The determination of piston effective area is relevant with the reference point chosen, i.e., each plane of reference correspond to
One effective area.
In the presence of this model：When piston system works, if the corresponding horizontal plane in the lower end of piston cylinder is 1, the top of piston cylinder
Corresponding horizontal plane is 2, and the corresponding horizontal plane of piston is 3, and the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3 is H；
Pressure at horizontal plane 1,2 is respectively P1、P2, the part that piston is in air is I, into the portion in working media
It is divided into II, gravity is G, buoyancy is F, and viscous force is f, S0For piston P1The area at place,
For piston equilibrium establishment equation：
(P1-P2)S0=G-F-f (1)
It can obtain：
Wherein, acceleration of gravity is g, vⅠFor the volume of air part, vⅡFor the volume of working media part, piston is in air portion
The gravity divided is GⅠ, gravity of the piston in working media part is GⅡ, ρa、ρm、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, piston density, work
Media density, SOil ringFor piston and the area in piston cylinder gap；
Wherein, SeffFor the effective area of piston；
Force analysis, equilibrium establishment equation are carried out to II part of piston：
fLiquid+ F=FⅠ+GⅡ (4)
Due to fLiquidAnd FⅠIt is a pair of equilibrant force, can obtains
F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H (5)
Bring formula (5) into formula (2), obtain
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Again because P1-P2+(ρl-ρa) gH=P3, the pressure wherein at horizontal plane 3 is P3,
So the effective area plane of reference of piston is in P3The horizontal plane at place, only piston rod need to be measured most during measurement difference in height
Bottom；
(2) for the piston of bottom limited location device
Need to carry out theory analysis to piston side bossing, it is considered to its buoyancy, effect in piston bottommost as increased
A part of height is added：H1=H+H0,
Wherein H is the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3, S0For piston P1The area at place, H0For spacing volume V0Caused height
Degree is poor；
By formula F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H1 (7)
Again because of P1-P2+(ρl-ρa)gH1=P3, H0=V0/S0,
As long as measuring spacing volume, revised spacing height value H can be obtained by bringing calculating into1；
Wherein, the pressure at horizontal plane 1,2,3 is respectively P1、P2、P3, buoyancy is F, S0For piston P1The area at place, wherein, gravity
Acceleration is g, and gravity of the piston in working media part is GⅡ, ρa、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, working media density；
(3) for the piston with hollow structure
General gas piston formula pressure gauge, its measurement lower limit is smaller, minimum to can reach 4kPa；For using stainless steel
Piston system, its internal generally hollow-core construction；
Need to carry out theory analysis to hollow piston cylinder part, it is considered to which its buoyancy, effect in piston bottommost as subtracted
Small a part of height：H2=H-H0,
Wherein, H is the vertical range of horizontal plane 1 and horizontal plane 3, S0For piston P1The area at place, H0For hollow cylinder volume V0Draw
The difference in height risen,
By formula F=GⅡ=ρlgS0H2 (8)
Again because of P1-P2+(ρl-ρa)gH2=P3,
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Wherein R is the radius of piston-cylinder, and r is the radius of hollow cylinder, and π is the pressure at pi, horizontal plane 1,2,3
Respectively P1、P2、P3, buoyancy is F, S0For piston P1The area at place, acceleration of gravity is g, weight of the piston in working media part
Power is GⅡ, ρa、ρlRespectively atmospheric density, working media density.
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