CN108182865A - Special jig position error apparatus for demonstrating and its demenstration method - Google Patents
Special jig position error apparatus for demonstrating and its demenstration method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置及其演示方法，属于教学演示设备技术领域。所述的演示方法包括如下步骤：将第一圆柱体放入V型槽内；移动所述的高度游标卡尺的游标尺，使量爪在第一圆柱体的突出于V型槽的部分的下方逐渐上移，直至上表面与第一圆柱体的第一下母线相抵触，记录此时的游标尺上的刻度H1；将第二圆柱体放入V型槽内；移动所述的高度游标卡尺的游标尺，使量爪的上表面与第二圆柱体的第二下母线相抵触，记录此时的游标尺上的刻度H2；计算以外圆定位时专用机床夹具定位误差Δd，Δd=H1‑H2。优点：方便学生体会定位误差的原理概念并深入掌握知识点，掌握以外圆定位时专用机床夹具定位误差的计算方法。
A special machine tool clamp positioning error demonstration device and a demonstration method thereof belong to the technical field of teaching demonstration equipment. The demonstration method includes the steps of: putting the first cylinder into the V-shaped groove; moving the vernier of the height vernier caliper so that the measuring jaws gradually protrude from the part of the first cylinder protruding from the V-shaped groove. Move up until the upper surface conflicts with the first lower generatrix of the first cylinder, record the scale H1 on the vernier at this time; put the second cylinder into the V-shaped groove; move the vernier of the height vernier caliper Scale, make the upper surface of the measuring jaw conflict with the second lower generatrix of the second cylinder, record the scale H2 on the vernier at this time; calculate the positioning error Δd of the special machine tool fixture when positioning the outer circle, Δd=H1‑H2. Advantages: It is convenient for students to understand the principle concept of positioning error and grasp the knowledge points in depth, and master the calculation method of the positioning error of special machine tool fixtures when positioning the outer circle.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于教学演示设备技术领域，具体涉及一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置及其演示方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of teaching demonstration equipment, and in particular relates to a special machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device and a demonstration method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
用静调整法加工一批工件时，会遇到在工件的定位过程中定位基准与工序基准不重合，以及工件定位基准(基面)与定位工件工作表面存在制造误差等问题，这些问题都会导致工序基准偏离理想位置而产生加工误差。该加工误差即构成定位误差，定位误差是工件的工序基准沿工序尺寸方向发生的最大位移量，其大小是判断夹具定位方案合理与否的重要依据。When a batch of workpieces are processed by the static adjustment method, problems such as misalignment of the positioning reference and the process reference during the positioning process of the workpiece, and manufacturing errors between the positioning reference (base surface) of the workpiece and the working surface of the positioning workpiece will be encountered. These problems will lead to Process reference deviates from the ideal position, resulting in machining errors. The processing error constitutes the positioning error, which is the maximum displacement of the workpiece process reference along the process dimension direction, and its size is an important basis for judging whether the fixture positioning scheme is reasonable or not.
定位误差在实际生产中相对抽象，尤其是以圆柱面定位时，定位基准轴线无法观察，学生很难深入理解定位误差的计算原理。目前，现有的定位误差测量并没有真实可见的定位误差分析模型，仅借助PPT和CAI辅助教学工具进行仿真测量，学生难以直观地认识定位误差这一切实存在的现象。The positioning error is relatively abstract in actual production, especially when positioning with a cylindrical surface, the positioning reference axis cannot be observed, and it is difficult for students to deeply understand the calculation principle of positioning error. At present, the existing positioning error measurement does not have a real and visible positioning error analysis model. Only by using PPT and CAI auxiliary teaching tools for simulation measurement, it is difficult for students to intuitively understand the real phenomenon of positioning error.
如图1所示，以在圆柱形工件的外圆上铣槽为例进行说明。圆柱形工件外圆直径D为使用铣床在圆柱形工件上铣槽时需要保证槽宽尺寸b及槽底尺寸h1，其中，槽宽尺寸b由铣刀尺寸直接保证，与定位无关，因此它的定位误差等于零。铣槽时将圆柱形工件的下母线B作为工序基准来保证槽底尺寸h1。定位基准为圆柱形工件的轴线O，定位基面为圆柱形工件的外圆面。由于圆柱形工件的定位基面即圆柱形工件的外圆面存在制造误差，使定位基准偏离理想位置，从而产生基准位移误差Δj,y。由于定位基准即圆柱形工件的轴线O与工序基准即圆柱形工件的下母线B不重合，因此会引起基准不重合误差Δj,b。定位误差Δd为所述的基准位移误差Δj,y和基准不重合误差Δj,b的代数和，即As shown in Figure 1, the milling groove on the outer circle of a cylindrical workpiece is taken as an example for illustration. The diameter D of the outer circle of the cylindrical workpiece is When using a milling machine to mill a groove on a cylindrical workpiece, the groove width b and the groove bottom h 1 must be guaranteed. The groove width b is directly guaranteed by the size of the milling cutter and has nothing to do with positioning, so its positioning error is equal to zero. When milling slots, the lower generatrix B of the cylindrical workpiece is used as the process reference to ensure the slot bottom size h 1 . The positioning datum is the axis O of the cylindrical workpiece, and the positioning base is the outer circular surface of the cylindrical workpiece. Due to the manufacturing error of the positioning base surface of the cylindrical workpiece, that is, the outer circular surface of the cylindrical workpiece, the positioning reference deviates from the ideal position, resulting in a reference displacement error Δj,y. Since the axis O of the positioning reference, that is, the cylindrical workpiece, does not coincide with the process reference, that is, the lower generatrix B of the cylindrical workpiece, it will cause a reference misalignment error Δj,b. The positioning error Δd is the algebraic sum of the reference displacement error Δj,y and the reference misalignment error Δj,b, namely
Δd＝Δj,y+Δj,bΔd=Δj,y+Δj,b
图2示意了一大圆柱形工件和一小圆柱形工件，其中，大圆柱形工件的外圆直径D1为dg,用于代表合格的圆柱形工件外圆直径的最大值，小圆柱形工件的外圆直径D2为dg-Tdg,用于代表合格的圆柱形工件外圆直径的最小值，Tdg即为圆柱形工件的外圆直径的公差。大圆柱形工件的圆心设为O1，小圆柱形工件的圆心设为O2，将大、小圆柱形工件的外圆面作为定位基面，放置在V型块上定位。图中B1为大圆柱形工件的下母线，B2为小圆柱形工件的下母线。此时定位误差Δd为圆柱形工件的工序基准B沿工序尺寸h1方向发生的最大位移量即大圆柱形工件的下母线B1、小圆柱形工件的下母线B2之间的距离即：Figure 2 illustrates a large cylindrical workpiece and a small cylindrical workpiece, wherein the outer diameter D1 of the large cylindrical workpiece is d g , which is used to represent the maximum value of the outer diameter of a qualified cylindrical workpiece, and the small cylindrical workpiece The outer diameter D2 of the cylindrical workpiece is d g -T dg , which is used to represent the minimum value of the outer diameter of the qualified cylindrical workpiece, and T dg is the tolerance of the outer diameter of the cylindrical workpiece. The center of the large cylindrical workpiece is set to O 1 , the center of the small cylindrical workpiece is set to O 2 , and the outer circular surfaces of the large and small cylindrical workpieces are used as the positioning base, and placed on the V-shaped block for positioning. In the figure, B 1 is the lower busbar of the large cylindrical workpiece, and B 2 is the lower busbar of the small cylindrical workpiece. At this time, the positioning error Δd is the maximum displacement of the process reference B of the cylindrical workpiece along the direction of the process dimension h1, that is, the distance between the lower busbar B1 of the large cylindrical workpiece and the lower busbar B2 of the small cylindrical workpiece which is:
鉴于上述已有技术，如果能开发一种定位误差演示装置，用于指导学生更好地理解相关概念，将具有良好的教学意义，为此，本申请人作了有益的设计，下面将要介绍的技术方案便是在这种背景下产生的。In view of the above prior art, if a positioning error demonstration device can be developed to guide students to better understand related concepts, it will have good teaching significance. For this reason, the applicant has made a useful design, which will be introduced below It is against this background that the technical solution is produced.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的首要任务在于提供一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置，能方便学生更加直观地理解圆柱形工件以外圆定位时的定位误差的形成原因及相关计算。The primary task of the present invention is to provide a special machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device, which can facilitate students to more intuitively understand the cause of the positioning error and related calculations when the cylindrical workpiece is positioned on the outer circle.
本发明的另一任务在于提供一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置的演示方法，该方法操作步骤简单并且能保障所述专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置的所述技术效果的全面体现。Another task of the present invention is to provide a demonstration method of a special machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device. The method has simple operation steps and can ensure the full manifestation of the technical effect of the special machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device.
本发明的首要任务是这样来达到的，一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置，其特征在于：包括底板、定位工作台、高度游标卡尺以及测量工件，所述的定位工作台固定在底板上，定位工作台在上表面且沿长度方向开设用于支撑测量工件的V型槽，所述的高度游标卡尺包括基座、主尺、微动框、游标尺以及量爪，高度游标卡尺通过基座与底板固定安装，所述的测量工件包括第一圆柱体和第二圆柱体，其中，第一圆柱体的直径用于代表合格的圆柱形工件外圆直径的最大值，所述的第二圆柱体的直径用于代表合格的圆柱形工件外圆直径的最小值，所述的第一圆柱体和第二圆柱体依次横向地放置在所述的V形槽内，并且两者的长度方向的一端端头均突出于V形槽的端面，所述的量爪的上表面构成为水平面，依次与第一圆柱体的第一下母线以及第二圆柱体的第二下母线相抵触，用于测出第一下母线和第二下母线之间的高度差。The primary task of the present invention is achieved in this way, a special machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device is characterized in that it includes a base plate, a positioning workbench, a height vernier caliper and a measuring workpiece, and the described positioning workbench is fixed on the base plate. The workbench is provided with a V-shaped groove on the upper surface and along the length direction to support the workpiece for measurement. The height vernier caliper includes a base, a main ruler, a micro-movement frame, a vernier ruler and a measuring claw. The height vernier caliper is fixed by the base and the bottom plate. For installation, the described measuring workpiece includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder, wherein the diameter of the first cylinder is used to represent the maximum value of the diameter of the outer circle of a qualified cylindrical workpiece, and the diameter of the second cylinder Used to represent the minimum value of the diameter of the outer circle of a qualified cylindrical workpiece, the first cylinder and the second cylinder are sequentially placed in the V-shaped groove transversely, and one end of the length direction of the two Both protrude from the end face of the V-shaped groove, and the upper surface of the measuring jaw is formed as a horizontal plane, which successively conflicts with the first lower generatrix of the first cylinder and the second lower generatrix of the second cylinder, and is used to measure the second The height difference between the first busbar and the second lower busbar.
在本发明的一个具体的实施例中，所述的V型槽的角度a为90°、120°或150°。In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the angle a of the V-shaped groove is 90°, 120° or 150°.
本发明的另一任务是这样来完成的，一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置的演示方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：Another task of the present invention is accomplished in this way, a demonstration method of a special-purpose machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1)将第一圆柱体放入V型槽内，第一圆柱体的外圆面与V型槽的两侧斜面相接触；S1) Put the first cylinder into the V-shaped groove, and the outer circular surface of the first cylinder is in contact with the slopes on both sides of the V-shaped groove;
S2)移动所述的高度游标卡尺的游标尺，使量爪在第一圆柱体的突出于V型槽的部分的下方逐渐上移，直至上表面与第一圆柱体的第一下母线相抵触，记录此时的游标尺上的刻度H1；S2) Move the vernier of the height vernier caliper so that the measuring jaws gradually move up below the part protruding from the V-shaped groove of the first cylinder until the upper surface conflicts with the first lower generatrix of the first cylinder, Record the scale H1 on the vernier scale at this time;
S3)从V型槽内移走第一圆柱体，并将第二圆柱体放入V型槽内，第二圆柱体的外圆面与V型槽的两侧斜面相接触；S3) remove the first cylinder from the V-shaped groove, and put the second cylinder into the V-shaped groove, the outer circular surface of the second cylinder is in contact with the slopes on both sides of the V-shaped groove;
S4)移动所述的高度游标卡尺的游标尺，使量爪在第二圆柱体的突出于V型槽的部分的下方逐渐上移，直至上表面与第二圆柱体的第二下母线相抵触，记录此时的游标尺上的刻度H2；S4) Move the vernier of the height vernier caliper so that the measuring jaws gradually move up below the part protruding from the V-shaped groove of the second cylinder until the upper surface conflicts with the second lower generatrix of the second cylinder, Record the scale H2 on the vernier scale at this time;
S5)计算以外圆定位时专用机床夹具定位误差Δd，Δd＝H1-H2。S5) Calculate the positioning error Δd of the fixture of the special machine tool when positioning the outer circle, Δd=H1-H2.
本发明由于采用了上述结构，与现有技术相比，具有的有益效果是：结构简单、操作方便，可将理论与实验结合，更好的让学生体会定位误差的原理概念并深入掌握知识点，掌握以外圆定位时专用机床夹具定位误差的计算方法。Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned structure, the present invention has beneficial effects compared with the prior art: the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, theory and experiment can be combined, and students can better understand the principle concept of positioning error and grasp the knowledge points in depth , master the calculation method of the positioning error of the special machine tool fixture when positioning the outer circle.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为圆柱形工件的外圆铣槽示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the outer circle milling groove of a cylindrical workpiece.
图2为大、小圆柱形工件以外圆面作为定位基面的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the outer circular surface of the large and small cylindrical workpieces as the positioning base surface.
图3为本发明的整体结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
图4为本发明所述的第一圆柱体和第二圆柱体以外圆面作为定位基面的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the outer circular surfaces of the first cylinder and the second cylinder as positioning base surfaces according to the present invention.
图中：1.底板；2.定位工作台、21.V型槽；3.高度游标卡尺、31.基座、32.主尺、33.微动框、34.游标尺、35.量爪；4.测量工件、41.第一圆柱体、42.第二圆柱体。In the figure: 1. Bottom plate; 2. Positioning table, 21. V-shaped groove; 3. Height vernier caliper, 31. Base, 32. Main ruler, 33. Inching frame, 34. Vernier ruler, 35. Measuring jaw; 4. Measure the workpiece, 41. the first cylinder, 42. the second cylinder.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使公众能充分了解本发明的技术实质和有益效果，申请人将在下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式详细描述，但申请人对实施例的描述不是对技术方案的限制，任何依据本发明构思作形式而非实质的变化都应当视为本发明的保护范围。In order to enable the public to fully understand the technical essence and beneficial effects of the present invention, the applicant will describe in detail the specific implementation of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the applicant's description of the embodiments is not a limitation to the technical solution. Changes in the form of the inventive concept rather than in substance should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图3，本发明涉及一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置，包括底板1、定位工作台2、高度游标卡尺3以及测量工件4。所述的定位工作台2固定在底板1上，定位工作台2在上表面且沿长度方向开设用于支撑测量工件4的V型槽21，所述的V型槽21的角度a可以为90°、120°或150°。所述的高度游标卡尺3此处采用常规产品，包括基座31、主尺32、微动框33、游标尺34以及量爪35等。高度游标卡尺3通过基座31与底板1固定安装。所述的测量工件4包括第一圆柱体41和第二圆柱体42，第一圆柱体41的直径大于第二圆柱体42的直径，其中，第一圆柱体41的直径用于代表合格的圆柱形工件外圆直径的最大值，所述的第二圆柱体42的直径用于代表合格的圆柱形工件外圆直径的最小值。演示时，所述的第一圆柱体41和第二圆柱体42需依次横向放置在所述的V形槽21内，并且两者的长度方向的一端端头均要突出于V形槽21的端面，以方便量爪35能够分别与第一圆柱体41的第一下母线B1′及第二圆柱体42的第二下母线B2′相抵触。所述的量爪35的上表面构成为水平面，能够定位准确地与第一圆柱体41的第一下母线B1′以及第二圆柱体42的第二下母线B2′相抵触，而第一下母线B1′和第二下母线B2′之间的高度差即为以外圆定位时专用机床夹具定位误差Δd。Please refer to FIG. 3 , the present invention relates to a special machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device, which includes a base plate 1 , a positioning table 2 , a height vernier caliper 3 and a measuring workpiece 4 . The positioning table 2 is fixed on the base plate 1, and the positioning table 2 is provided with a V-shaped groove 21 on the upper surface and along the length direction for supporting the measuring workpiece 4. The angle a of the V-shaped groove 21 can be 90° °, 120° or 150°. The height vernier caliper 3 adopts conventional products here, including a base 31, a main scale 32, a micro frame 33, a vernier 34, and measuring jaws 35, etc. The height vernier caliper 3 is fixedly installed with the base plate 1 through the base 31 . The measuring workpiece 4 includes a first cylinder 41 and a second cylinder 42, the diameter of the first cylinder 41 is greater than the diameter of the second cylinder 42, wherein the diameter of the first cylinder 41 is used to represent a qualified cylinder The maximum value of the diameter of the outer circle of the cylindrical workpiece, the diameter of the second cylinder 42 is used to represent the minimum value of the diameter of the outer circle of a qualified cylindrical workpiece. During the demonstration, the first cylinder 41 and the second cylinder 42 need to be placed in the V-shaped groove 21 in sequence, and one end of the length direction of the two should protrude from the V-shaped groove 21. The end face is convenient for the measuring jaw 35 to be in conflict with the first lower generatrix B 1 ′ of the first cylinder 41 and the second lower generatrix B 2 ′ of the second cylinder 42 respectively. The upper surface of the measuring jaw 35 is formed as a horizontal plane, which can be accurately positioned to conflict with the first lower generatrix B 1 ′ of the first cylinder 41 and the second lower generatrix B 2 ′ of the second cylinder 42, while the second The height difference between the lower bus B 1 ′ and the second lower bus B 2 ′ That is, the positioning error Δd of the special machine tool fixture when positioning the outer circle.
请继续参阅图3并结合图4，一种专用机床夹具定位误差演示装置的演示方法，包括如下步骤：Please continue to refer to Figure 3 in conjunction with Figure 4, a demonstration method of a special machine tool fixture positioning error demonstration device, including the following steps:
S1)将第一圆柱体41放入V型槽21内，第一圆柱体41的外圆面与V型槽21的两侧斜面相接触；S1) Put the first cylinder 41 into the V-shaped groove 21, and the outer circular surface of the first cylinder 41 is in contact with the slopes on both sides of the V-shaped groove 21;
S2)移动所述的高度游标卡尺3的游标尺34，使量爪35在第一圆柱体41的突出于V型槽21的部分的下方逐渐上移，直至上表面与第一圆柱体41的第一下母线B1′相抵触，记录此时的游标尺34上的刻度H1；S2) Move the vernier ruler 34 of the height vernier caliper 3, so that the measuring claw 35 gradually moves up below the part of the first cylinder 41 that protrudes from the V-shaped groove 21 until the upper surface is in contact with the first cylinder 41. When the bus bar B 1 ′ conflicts, record the scale H1 on the vernier ruler 34 at this time;
S3)从V型槽21内移走第一圆柱体41，并将第二圆柱体42放入V型槽21内，第二圆柱体42的外圆面与V型槽21的两侧斜面相接触；S3) remove the first cylinder 41 from the V-shaped groove 21, and put the second cylinder 42 in the V-shaped groove 21, the outer circular surface of the second cylinder 42 is in line with the both sides of the V-shaped groove 21. touch;
S4)移动所述的高度游标卡尺3的游标尺34，使量爪35在第二圆柱体42的突出于V型槽21的部分的下方逐渐上移，直至上表面与第二圆柱体42的第二下母线B2′相抵触，记录此时的游标尺34上的刻度H2；S4) Move the vernier ruler 34 of the height vernier caliper 3, so that the measuring jaw 35 gradually moves up below the part of the second cylinder 42 protruding from the V-shaped groove 21 until the upper surface and the second cylinder 42 The two lower busbars B 2 ′ conflict with each other, and record the scale H2 on the vernier ruler 34 at this time;
S5)计算以外圆定位时专用机床夹具定位误差Δd，Δd＝H1-H2。S5) Calculate the positioning error Δd of the fixture of the special machine tool when positioning the outer circle, Δd=H1-H2.
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