CN107120833B - Heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system and operation method - Google Patents
Heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107120833B CN107120833B CN201710288172.7A CN201710288172A CN107120833B CN 107120833 B CN107120833 B CN 107120833B CN 201710288172 A CN201710288172 A CN 201710288172A CN 107120833 B CN107120833 B CN 107120833B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
- F24H4/04—Storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system and an operation method, wherein the system has two working modes, namely a heat pump mode driven by a variable frequency compressor and a heat pipe mode driven by a working medium pump, and can realize three hot water heating modes, namely a whole-process heat pump mode, a whole-process heat pipe mode and a mixed mode of a heat pipe first and a heat pump second under the control of a networking controller which tracks the environmental working condition and the temperature of a water tank in real time; the networking controller determines starting time, a hot water heating mode and a mode switching time according to weather forecast, acquired environmental conditions and water temperature data of the water tank; in a heat pump mode, the system can dynamically adjust the variable capacity operation of the compressor according to real-time environmental parameters and the temperature of the water tank, and the superheat degree of the photovoltaic evaporator is controlled by the expansion valve to be always kept at a small value; the combined operation mode of the heat pipe and the heat pump mode and the variable capacity control of the tracking environment working condition enable the system to meet the requirement of hot water for the whole year life of a user and to operate efficiently and energy-saving along with the environment condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology of variable capacity control of a compressor and a photovoltaic heat pump/heat pipe composite water heater, in particular to a device and a method for determining system starting time, a heat pump/heat pipe operation mode and switching time and controlling variable capacity operation of a photovoltaic heat pump mode by using a controller and a sensor according to weather forecast data acquired from a network and acquired environmental parameters.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the demand of common families on living hot water is increased, and the proportion of energy consumption of the living hot water is also increased, so that the realization of high-efficiency and energy-saving living hot water supply becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
The solar water heater is an effective means for meeting the requirement of domestic hot water. The traditional solar water heater can meet the requirement of a user for preparing domestic water only by electric heating in rainy days or days with weak solar radiation in winter, but the energy efficiency of preparing domestic hot water by electric heating is far lower than that of preparing domestic hot water by using a heat pump.
The photovoltaic heat pump water heater is a photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device combining a photovoltaic cell panel and a heat pump water heater. The solar water heater can simultaneously meet the requirements of photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal production of domestic hot water in a limited area, and the heat pump system ensures that the system can produce the domestic hot water meeting the requirements all the year round.
When the solar panel absorbs solar radiation to generate electricity, only 10% -18% of energy is converted into electric energy, and the rest of energy is converted into heat energy. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is inversely related to the temperature of the cell, and the photoelectric efficiency is reduced by about 0.4% for every 1 ℃ rise of the temperature of the solar cell. Under strong sunlight, the temperature of the cell can easily reach 50-70 ℃, and if the heat is absorbed and the temperature of the cell is reduced, the generating efficiency can be kept at a higher level.
Solar energy is a renewable energy source which is not uniformly distributed in space and time and is greatly influenced by weather. When the solar thermal collector is used as a heat source of the heat pump, the solar radiation changes all the time along with the change of the solar altitude angle and irregular shielding of cloud layers. Most of the existing solar heat pump water heater systems or photovoltaic heat pump systems adopt a fixed-frequency compressor or only set the working frequency of the compressor running at this time before the unit is started according to solar radiation and environmental temperature data. Systems operating at fixed frequencies are not sufficiently capable of coping with changing solar radiation environments. When radiation is obviously enhanced, the water heating speed of the system which runs at the fixed frequency is increased, but the photovoltaic cell does not run at a reduced temperature in a shortened time, the running frequency is not reduced by catching a favorable time, and the net power generation quantity of the system is reduced comprehensively. When the radiation is significantly reduced, the adjustment cannot be made in time, and the task of heating water may not be completed within the specified operation time.
The compressor frequency conversion technology can adjust the operation frequency of the compressor to adjust the air suction quantity of the compressor, change the heat absorption capacity of the heat pump water heater system and further change the evaporation temperature of the heat pump system, so that the aims of time limitation of producing domestic hot water by the heat pump system, adjustment of the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell and energy-saving operation of the system are fulfilled.
When the radiation intensity of the solar heat pump water heater is high and the evaporation temperature is too high, the compressor is overloaded due to the fixed-frequency starting, and the solar heat pump water heater cannot be used under certain working conditions with strong radiation. If the variable frequency compressor is adopted, the compressor can be prevented from overloading when the variable frequency compressor is started at a lower frequency. However, in this condition, the compressor cannot be started at too low a frequency, otherwise the pressure at the throttle valve in the heat pump system is reversed, and the system cannot operate normally.
In a sunny day in summer with high temperature and strong radiation, the time for preparing hot water required by the photovoltaic solar heat pump water heater is only within 2 hours, so that the photovoltaic module is not cooled in a large amount of time, and the heat pump still consumes more electric energy during operation.
The annular heat pipe driven by the working medium pump is a heat transfer loop which absorbs heat at a high temperature by using a circulating working medium to gasify, overcomes the resistance of a pipeline through the working medium pump, and condenses at a low temperature to release heat. When solar radiation is strong, the temperature of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate is far higher than the water temperature of the water tank, if a working medium pump driven annular heat pipe mode can be adopted for carrying out a hot water making process, on one hand, overload or pressure inverse hanging in the starting aspect of a compressor can be avoided, and on the other hand, a working medium pump with energy consumption smaller than that of the compressor can be used for completing a hot water making task. However, under the same working medium flow, the heating rate of the annular heat pipe mode driven by the working medium pump is smaller than that of the heat pump mode driven by the compressor. The weather condition can not support the task of heating water only by the operation of the annular heat pipe. Therefore, a heat pump/heat pipe hybrid operation is required to meet the time limit of the water heating task.
From the above analysis, it can be known that the photovoltaic solar heat pump/heat pipe composite water heater system can reduce the working temperature of the photovoltaic module and improve the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module during the working period, meanwhile, the heat pump mode ensures the domestic hot water supply under the annual condition, and the heat pipe mode is favorable for further reducing the energy consumption of the hot water production operation under the favorable working condition, and has the advantage of small floor area. The heat pump/heat pipe mode selection strategy for tracking the change of the environmental working condition and the heat pump mode variable capacity operation control according to the environmental working condition play an important role in adapting to the environmental change, controlling the working time and improving the performance coefficient of the photovoltaic solar heat pump/heat pipe composite water heater. Therefore, the research on the variable-capacity photovoltaic solar heat pump/heat pipe composite water heater system and method capable of tracking the environmental working conditions is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system with variable capacity and capable of tracking the environmental working condition and an operation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a control system of a heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater is arranged between a photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate and a heat preservation condensation water tank of the solar water heater and comprises a core control assembly, an environment working condition and water tank temperature sensing assembly, a heat pump and heat pipe mode switching assembly and a heat pump mode variable capacity control assembly.
The core control component of the invention is a networking controller 4; the environment working condition and water tank temperature sensing assembly comprises a solar radiation intensity sensor 3, an environment temperature sensor 2 and a water tank temperature sensor 6; the mode switching assembly of the heat pump and the heat pipe comprises a compressor branch, a compressor bypass stop valve 9, a compressor branch stop valve 11, an expansion valve branch stop valve 14 and an expansion valve bypass stop valve 16; the heat pump mode variable capacity control assembly comprises a frequency converter 5, a frequency conversion compressor 12, an expansion valve 13 and a temperature and pressure sensor 8 matched with the expansion valve.
In the photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation, the outlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate is sequentially connected with the compressor branch stop valve, the variable frequency compressor, the heat preservation condensation water tank, the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve branch stop valve and the expansion valve, and finally returns to the inlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate to form a loop, all the components are connected by adopting copper pipes, the circulating medium is a refrigerant, a pipeline for the refrigerant to release heat is arranged in the heat preservation water tank, and a pipeline for the refrigerant to absorb heat from a photovoltaic cell is arranged in the photovoltaic heat collection plate.
The photovoltaic solar heat pipe circulation and the photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation share the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate and the heat preservation condensate water tank, the outlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate is sequentially connected with the compressor bypass stop valve, the working medium pump, the heat preservation condensate water tank, the liquid storage tank and the expansion valve bypass stop valve, and finally returns to the inlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate to form a loop, all the parts are connected through copper pipes, and the circulation medium is the same as the heat pump circulation.
The sensing networking control system shares a compressor branch, a bypass stop valve, an expansion valve branch and a bypass stop valve with photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation and photovoltaic solar heat pipe circulation, a solar radiation intensity sensor, an ambient temperature sensor and a water tank temperature sensor are connected with a networking controller as sensing parts, a frequency converter, an expansion valve, a working medium pump, the compressor branch and the bypass stop valve, the expansion valve branch and the bypass stop valve are connected with the networking controller as an executing mechanism, the frequency converter is connected with the frequency converter, and the networking sensor is connected with the internet.
The invention discloses an operation method of a heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system; the operation method comprises the following steps:
1) before the system is started, the established heat pipe mode control strategy table and the heat pump mode control strategy table are stored in the networking controller;
2) the networking controller accesses the Internet to obtain the local weather forecast data of the current day; setting the maximum water heating time according to the sunshine duration in the current month, setting the starting time according to the weather forecast data in the current day, simultaneously collecting the water temperature of the water tank, and determining the time required for completing the water heating task in the current day;
3) when the system starts, the networking controller selects and starts different working modes according to the solar radiation intensity, the ambient temperature and the initial temperature data of the water in the water tank which are collected in real time: a whole-course heat pump mode, a whole-course heat pipe mode or a heat pipe first and heat pump second mode;
4) in the heat pump mode, according to data collected in real time, the networking controller controls the photovoltaic solar heat pump water heater to operate in a variable capacity mode;
5) when the water temperature reaches a preset temperature, the controller controls the system to stop.
The method of the invention mainly relies on a networking controller which can be a PLC, a singlechip, a computer or other integrated control elements with networking, storage, acquisition and output functions.
The networking controller of the present invention functions primarily to perform two operations:
on one hand, the method obtains weather forecast data, real-time solar radiation intensity, environment temperature and water tank temperature data, controls the starting time, the running mode and the switching time of the composite water heater system,
and on the other hand, the variable capacity operation of the heat pump mode is controlled according to the real-time solar radiation intensity, the ambient temperature and the water tank temperature. In order to do both of the above two operations, the networking controller stores the established heat pipe mode control strategy table and heat pump mode control strategy table,
the heat pipe mode control strategy table stores the lowest initial water tank temperature which is obtained according to the product characteristics and can complete the hot water making task within the specified time under various environmental working conditions, and the heat pump mode control strategy table stores the lowest running frequency which is obtained according to the product characteristics and can complete the hot water making task within the specified time under various environmental working conditions and water tank temperature combinations.
Before starting, the networking controller accesses the Internet to obtain local weather forecast data of the day, and acquires the water temperature of the water tank to determine the time required by the task of heating water of the day. When the system is started, the networking controller collects solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature and initial water temperature data of the water tank, which are obtained by the sensor part, compares the current ambient working condition with the heat pipe mode control strategy table if the solar radiation intensity is very high and the initial water temperature of the water tank does not exceed the ambient temperature very much, further calls weather forecast data of the same day if the lowest initial water tank water temperature is not lower than the initial water temperature of the current water tank, and sets a whole-course heat pipe operation mode if all the water tank water temperature is sunny during a preset hot water control task. And if the lowest initial water tank water temperature in the comparison pair is higher than the current initial water tank water temperature or the weather is cloudy in a preset hot water making task interval, switching to a composite operation mode of firstly heating the pipe and then heating the pump. If the solar radiation intensity is not high or the initial temperature of the water in the water tank exceeds the ambient temperature greatly, the operation mode is directly converted into the whole-process heat pump operation mode.
In the heat pipe operation mode, the compressor bypass stop valve, the expansion valve bypass stop valve and the working medium pump are started through the networking controller, the compressor branch stop valve and the expansion valve branch stop valve are closed, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate, is conveyed to the heat preservation condensate water tank through the working medium pump to release heat and returns to the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate to continuously absorb heat to form circulation.
In the heat pump operation mode, the compressor branch stop valve, the expansion valve branch stop valve, the variable frequency compressor and the expansion valve are opened through the networking controller, the compressor bypass stop valve and the expansion valve bypass stop valve are closed, the refrigerant absorbs heat in the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate, is compressed by the compressor, is conveyed to the heat preservation condensation water tank to release heat and condense, and is changed into a low-temperature and low-pressure state again through the expansion valve to continue the circulation process of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate.
No matter in which operation mode, the networking controller collects environmental working condition data and water tank temperature data in real time. And under the operation mode of firstly heating the heat pipe and then heating the heat pump, the networking controller controls the time of switching the heat pump mode in the heat pipe mode.
In the heat pipe mode operation process, if the solar radiation intensity collected by the networking controller is weakened and is not enough to support the efficient annular heat pipe mode, the networking controller immediately switches the system to the heat pump mode, even if the solar radiation intensity is kept strong, the hot water heating task cannot be completed within the preset time according to the judgment during starting, and when the water temperature of the water tank exceeds the ambient temperature to a certain extent, the networking controller automatically switches the system to the heat pump mode.
Under the heat pump mode, the networking controller controls the variable-capacity high-efficiency operation of the tracking environment working condition of the photovoltaic solar heat pump water heater. On one hand, a networking controller inquires and compares a heat pump mode control strategy table according to the combination of the environment working condition and the water tank temperature in real time, the networking controller controls a frequency converter to output the lowest operation frequency according to the inquired lowest operation frequency, a variable frequency compressor operates at the frequency specified by the frequency converter, on the other hand, the networking controller controls the opening degree of an expansion valve according to the temperature matched with the expansion valve and installed at the outlet of an evaporator, and a pressure sensor keeps the lower overheating value of a photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate, and the two aspects are combined to realize the variable capacity efficient operation of the heat pump mode according to the environment working condition tracking.
When the water temperature reaches a preset temperature, the controller controls the system to stop. The method can realize the energy-saving operation of the photovoltaic heat pump hot water system, ensure that the system completes the task of heating water and meet the user requirements.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the method adds limited parts on the basis of the non-variable frequency photovoltaic heat pump water heater, is simple and reliable in connection and transformation, and can be transformed and upgraded on the basis of the non-variable frequency photovoltaic heat pump water heater;
2) the real-time variable frequency adjustment is adopted to dynamically adapt to the change of environmental parameters, so that the operation energy consumption of a heat pump system is saved, the high power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic cell can be ensured, and the task of heating water can be ensured to be completed when the radiation is weak;
3) the heat pipe mode or the mixed operation mode of firstly heating the heat pipe and then heating the heat pump can avoid the phenomenon that the evaporation and condensation pressure of the pure heat pump mode is inversely hung at the starting stage under certain working conditions, and can also save the energy consumption of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system connections of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the operation of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the weather conditions of the day in example 6 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of an implementation procedure in embodiment 6 of the present invention.
The system comprises a photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1, an environment temperature sensor 2, a solar radiation sensor 3, a 4-network controller, a 5-frequency converter, a 6-water tank water temperature sensor, a 7-heat preservation condensate water tank, a temperature and pressure sensor matched with an 8-expansion valve, a 9-compressor bypass stop valve, a 10-working-medium pump, a 11-compressor branch stop valve, a 12-frequency conversion compressor, a 13-expansion valve, a 14-expansion-valve branch stop valve, a 15-liquid storage tank and a 16-expansion-valve bypass stop valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following description of the drawings and the detailed description.
The heat pipe mode control strategy table and the heat pump mode control strategy table are control tables which are made by a customer in a simulation program under the condition of fixing the solar radiation intensity and the environmental temperature.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the system of the present invention comprises a photovoltaic solar heat pump cycle, a photovoltaic solar heat pipe cycle and a sensor networking control system. In the photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation, an outlet of a photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 is sequentially connected with a compressor branch stop valve 11, a variable frequency compressor 12, a heat preservation condensate water tank 7, a liquid storage tank 15, an expansion valve branch stop valve 14 and an expansion valve 13, and finally returns to an inlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 to form a loop, all the components are connected through copper pipes, a circulation medium is a refrigerant, a pipeline for the refrigerant to release heat is arranged inside the heat preservation water tank, and a pipeline for the refrigerant to absorb heat from a photovoltaic cell is arranged in the photovoltaic heat collection plate.
The photovoltaic solar heat pipe circulation and the photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation share the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 and the heat preservation condensate water tank 7, the outlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 is sequentially connected with the compressor bypass stop valve 9, the working medium pump 10, the heat preservation condensate water tank 7, the liquid storage tank 15 and the expansion valve bypass stop valve 16, and finally returns to the inlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 to form a loop, all the components are connected through copper pipes, and the circulation medium is the same as the heat pump circulation.
The sensing networking control system shares a compressor branch with photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation and photovoltaic solar heat pipe circulation, a compressor bypass stop valve 9, a compressor branch stop valve 11, an expansion valve branch stop valve 14, an expansion valve bypass stop valve 16, a solar radiation intensity sensor 3, an ambient temperature sensor 2 and a water tank water temperature sensor 6 as a sensing part are connected with a networking controller 4, a frequency converter 5, an expansion valve 13, a working medium pump 10, the compressor branch and bypass stop valve 11, 9, the expansion valve branch and bypass stop valve 14 and 16 as an execution mechanism are connected with the networking controller 4, a frequency conversion compressor 12 is connected with the frequency converter 5, and the networking sensor 4 is connected with the internet.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the system can implement two modes of operation under the control of the networked controller:
1) in the heat pipe operation mode, the compressor bypass stop valve 9, the expansion valve bypass stop valve 16 and the working medium pump 10 are opened through the networking controller 4, the compressor branch stop valve 11 and the expansion valve branch stop valve 14 are closed, and the refrigerant absorbs heat in the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1, is conveyed into the heat preservation condensation water tank 7 through the working medium pump 10 to release heat and returns to the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 to continuously absorb heat to form circulation.
2) In the heat pump operation mode, the compressor branch stop valve 9, the expansion valve branch stop valve 14, the variable frequency compressor 12 and the expansion valve 13 are opened through the networking controller 4, the compressor bypass stop valve 9 and the expansion valve bypass stop valve 16 are closed, refrigerant absorbs heat in the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1, is compressed by the compressor 12 and then is conveyed to the heat preservation condensation water tank 7 for heat release and condensation, and is changed into a low-temperature and low-pressure state again through the expansion valve 13 to continue the circulation process of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 1, the networking controller 4 is a core component of the system, and may be a PLC, a single chip, a computer or other integrated control element with networking, storage, acquisition and output functions. The environment temperature sensor 2 and the water tank temperature sensor 6 can be temperature sensors such as a thermocouple and a thermal resistor, and the solar radiation sensor 3 can be an element with the size of the energy-based radiation intensity such as a solar total radiation meter. The networking controller 4 can gather the signal of ambient temperature sensor 2, solar radiation sensor 3 and water tank temperature sensor 6 in real time, and networking controller 4 can be through output signal control compressor bypass, compressor bypass stop valve 9, compressor branch road stop valve 11, the expansion valve branch road, expansion valve branch road stop valve 14, expansion valve bypass stop valve 16, the switch break-make of working medium pump 10. The networking controller 4 can set the output electric frequency of the frequency converter 5 in a communication mode or a terminal control mode, can set the temperature of the expansion valve 13 matched with the expansion valve and the superheat degree of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 controlled by the temperature and pressure sensor 8 matched with the expansion valve in a communication mode or a terminal control mode.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 1, the frequency converter 5 inputs the grid ac power, and outputs a current with a certain frequency according to the operating frequency provided by the networking controller 4 to drive the compressor 12 to perform frequency conversion operation. The expansion valve 13 detects the state of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator according to a temperature and pressure sensor 8 matched with the expansion valve, and automatically adjusts the opening degree of a valve core of the expansion valve according to a built-in PID algorithm, so that the superheat degree of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate 1 is the same as the superheat degree set by the networking controller 4.
Example 5: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the detailed control flow of the operation method of the system of the present invention is as follows:
1. before starting, the networking controller 4 is networked to obtain date, local weather forecast of the day and initial temperature data of water in the water tank;
then, setting the maximum hot water making time according to the sunshine time in the same month, wherein the maximum hot water making time in winter is short, and the maximum hot water making time in summer is long;
and then setting starting time according to weather forecast, if the weather is completely sunny or cloudy, setting starting time according to preset time by taking 12 o 'clock and half as a center, if the weather is cloudy, setting starting time according to preset time by taking 12 o' clock and 15 o 'clock as a center, and if the weather is cloudy or worse, setting starting time according to preset time by taking 12 o' clock as a center.
2. When the solar water heater is started, the solar radiation intensity, the ambient temperature and the initial temperature of water in the water tank are collected.
If the radiation intensity is more than 700W/m2And the initial temperature of the water in the water tank is not higher than the ambient temperature by more than 5 ℃, further judging, and otherwise starting the unit according to the whole-process heat pump mode.
If the last step is in accordance, starting the unit according to a whole-course heat pipe mode if the initial water temperature of the water tank is not less than the lowest initial water temperature of the water tank checked by the heat pipe operation strategy table and the water is all in a sunny day within a preset hot water making time period;
and if any requirement is not met, starting the unit according to a heat pipe first and heat pump later mode.
3. During operation, the networked controller 4 collects current solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature and water tank temperature data every minute, regardless of the mode of operation.
1) And in the whole heat pipe mode, if the water temperature of the water tank reaches the preset water temperature, the whole hot water making process is stopped, otherwise, the hot water making process in the heat pipe mode is continued.
2) In the whole-course heat pump mode, after the networked controller 4 collects the data of each sensor, the heat pump mode control strategy table is inquired to obtain the lowest operating frequency meeting the preset hot water making time limit under the current environmental working conditionfThen setting the frequency converter 5 to operate at the new frequencyfAnd if the water temperature of the water tank reaches the preset water temperature, the whole hot water making process is ended by shutting down, otherwise, the hot water making process in the heat pump mode is continued.
3) In the heat pipe first and heat pump second mode, if the environmental data and the water tank temperature data are collected, the solar radiation intensity is more than 700W/m2And the water temperature is not higher than the ambient temperature by more than 10 ℃, the hot water is still continuously prepared in the heat pipe mode, and if any one of the water temperatures is not met at any time, the hot water preparation process is switched to the heat pump mode to continue to prepare hot water.
Example 6: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the implementation process of the system operation method of the present invention is as follows:
1. before starting, the networking controller 4 is networked to acquire the weather conditions of 3 months and 15 days in 2017 as shown in fig. 3:
the initial temperature of water in the water tank is 12.73 ℃, then the maximum hot water making time is set according to the sunshine duration of 3 months, in the embodiment, for convenience of description, the maximum hot water making time is set to be 300min, then the starting time is set according to weather forecast, the weather of the current day is sunny day and cloudy day, therefore, the starting time is set by taking 12:30 as the center, and the starting time is 10 o' clock; part of the options required for the system to develop the heat pump mode control strategy table are shown in the following table:
2) at the time of starting, it was found that the intensity of solar radiation at 10-point adjustment start exceeded 700W/m2The environment temperature is 13 ℃, and the initial temperature of the water in the water tank is 12.73 ℃. Therefore, the radiation intensity is found to be more than 700W/m2And the initial temperature of the water in the water tank is not higher than the ambient temperature by more than 5 ℃, and the system judges that the heat pipe is started firstly and then the heat pump is started.
3) Acquiring current solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature and water temperature data of a water tank by a networking controller every minute; the data collected is shown in fig. 4:
if the solar radiation is continuously greater than 700W/m2And the water temperature is not higher than the ambient temperature by more than 10 ℃, hot water is still prepared in a heat pipe mode, and the heat pipe type water heater is 12: the solar radiation is firstly reduced to 700W/m at 30 DEG C2The following, therefore if 12: and before 30, if the water temperature does not reach the ambient temperature by more than 10 ℃, continuing the heat pipe mode until 12:30 switching heat pump mode, if 12: and 30, when the ambient temperature reaches more than 10 ℃, switching the heat pump mode immediately when the temperature reaches the standard.
After the heat pump mode is switched, the networking controller acquires data of each sensor, and queries a heat pump mode control strategy table to obtain the lowest operating frequency meeting the preset hot water making time limit under the current environmental working conditionfThen setting the frequency converter to operate at the new frequencyfIf the water temperature of the water tank reaches the preset water temperature, the whole hot water making process is ended by shutting down the machine; otherwise, continuing the heat pump mode hot water making process.
From example 6, it can be seen that: the weather forecast basically accurately predicts the weather conditions of the day, but the precision of the weather forecast cannot meet the requirement of real-time variable capacity operation of the photovoltaic solar heat pump water heater. The system provided by the invention can adjust the running frequency of the compressor in real time along with the change of the solar radiation value, and the system is matched with the electronic expansion valve to complete the task of real-time variable capacity running, so that the following effect is excellent.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any combination or equivalent changes made on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The operation method of the heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system is characterized in that the control system is installed between a photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate and a heat preservation condensation water tank of a solar water heater, and comprises a core control assembly, an environment working condition and water tank temperature sensing assembly, a heat pump and heat pipe mode switching assembly and a heat pump mode variable capacity control assembly;
the core control component is a networking controller (4); the environment working condition and water tank temperature sensing assembly comprises a solar radiation intensity sensor (3), an environment temperature sensor (2) and a water tank water temperature sensor (6); the mode switching component of the heat pump and the heat pipe comprises a compressor branch, an expansion valve branch, a compressor bypass stop valve (9), a compressor branch stop valve (11), an expansion valve branch stop valve (14) and an expansion valve bypass stop valve (16); the heat pump mode variable capacity control assembly comprises a frequency converter (5), a frequency conversion compressor (12), an expansion valve (13) and a temperature and pressure sensor (8) matched with the expansion valve; the operation method comprises the following steps:
1) before the system is started, the established heat pipe mode control strategy table and the heat pump mode control strategy table are stored in the networking controller;
2) the networking controller accesses the Internet to obtain the local weather forecast data of the current day; setting the maximum water heating time according to the sunshine duration in the current month, setting the starting time according to the weather forecast data in the current day, simultaneously collecting the water temperature of the water tank, and determining the time required for completing the water heating task in the current day;
3) when the system starts, the networking controller selects and starts different working modes according to the solar radiation intensity, the ambient temperature and the initial temperature data of the water in the water tank which are collected in real time: the method for selecting and starting different working modes comprises the following steps:
① determining environmental conditions and water tank temperature data at start-up;
② if the radiation intensity is greater than 700W/m2And the initial temperature of the water in the water tank is not higher than the ambient temperature by 5 ℃, further judging, otherwise starting the unit according to the whole-process heat pump mode;
③ if the last step is satisfied, if the initial water temperature of the water tank is not less than the lowest initial water temperature of the water tank obtained by the hot pipe operation strategy table and the water tank is all in a sunny day within the preset hot water making time, starting the unit in a whole hot pipe mode;
④ if any of the above steps is not met, starting the unit in a heat pipe first and heat pump later mode;
4) in the heat pump mode, according to data collected in real time, the networking controller controls the photovoltaic solar heat pump water heater to operate in a variable capacity mode;
5) when the water temperature reaches a preset temperature, the controller controls the system to stop.
2. The operation method of the heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system according to claim 1, wherein a photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation pipeline, a photovoltaic solar heat pipe circulation pipeline and a sensing networking control system are arranged in the control system.
3. The operation method of the heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system according to claim 2, wherein the photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation pipeline is connected with the compressor branch stop valve, the variable frequency compressor, the heat-preservation condensate water tank, the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve branch stop valve and the expansion valve in sequence through the outlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate, and is finally connected to the inlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate;
the photovoltaic solar heat pipe circulation pipeline is connected with a compressor bypass stop valve, a working medium pump, a heat preservation condensate water tank, a liquid storage tank and an expansion valve bypass stop valve in sequence through an outlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate, and is finally connected to an inlet of the photovoltaic heat collection evaporation plate.
4. The operation method of the heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system according to claim 2, wherein the sensing networking control system comprises a sensing mechanism and an actuating mechanism, the sensing mechanism and the actuating mechanism are both connected to a networking controller, the networking controller is connected to the internet, and the frequency converter is connected to the frequency conversion compressor;
the sensing mechanism comprises a solar radiation intensity sensor, an environment temperature sensor and a water tank temperature sensor;
the actuating mechanism comprises a frequency converter, an expansion valve, a working medium pump, a compressor branch and a bypass stop valve, and an expansion valve branch and a bypass stop valve.
5. The operation method of the heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system according to claim 3, wherein the photovoltaic solar heat pump circulation pipeline and the photovoltaic solar heat pipe circulation pipeline are connected by copper pipes, and the circulation media in the pipelines are the same.
6. The method for operating a heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system according to claim 1, wherein the heat pipe mode control strategy table stores a minimum initial tank water temperature that can complete a hot water heating task within a prescribed time under various environmental conditions, which is obtained according to product characteristics;
the heat pump mode control strategy table stores the lowest operating frequency which is obtained according to the product characteristics and can complete the task of heating water within a specified time under various environmental working conditions and water tank temperature combinations.
7. The operation method of the heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system according to claim 1, wherein the method for switching the heat pump mode according to the heat pipe mode comprises the following steps:
1) collecting environmental working condition and water temperature data of each period;
2) if the solar radiation intensity is more than 700W/m2And the water temperature is not higher than the ambient temperature by 10 ℃, the hot water is still continuously prepared in the heat pipe mode, and if any one of the water temperatures is not met at a certain time, the hot water is converted into the heat pump mode to continuously prepare hot water.
8. The method for operating the heat pump and heat pipe combined solar water heater control system according to claim 1, wherein the networking controller controls the photovoltaic solar water heater with the variable capacity as follows:
1) collecting environmental working condition and water temperature data of each period;
2) comparing the current period environment working condition and water temperature data with a control strategy table in a networking controller, and checking the lowest operating frequency of the hot water making task which can be completed in the residual preset hot water making time under the environment working condition and the water temperature condition;
3) driving the variable frequency compressor to operate according to the set operating frequency through a frequency converter or a frequency conversion circuit;
4) and the outlet of the photovoltaic evaporator is kept in a stable and small superheat degree through an expansion valve.
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| CN109990463B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2022-06-17 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | Control method and system for variable-frequency solar heat pump water heater |
| CN109990479B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2022-06-14 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | Control method and system for variable-frequency solar heat pump water heater |
| CN109990492B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2022-06-17 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | Control method and system for variable-frequency solar heat pump water heater |
| CN109990491B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2022-06-17 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | Control method and system for variable-frequency solar heat pump water heater |
| CN108050714A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-05-18 | 广州星辰热能股份有限公司 | A kind of multi-heat source heating equipment and its control method based on Internet of Things |
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| CN110068035A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-30 | 国家电投集团西安太阳能电力有限公司 | Photovoltaic cogeneration system suitable for high altitude cold areas |
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