A kind of 3D printing Laser Scanning
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal powder lasers to melt increases material manufacturing technology field, and in particular to a kind of 3D printing laser scanning
Method.
Background technique
3D printing technique, also known as metal material increases material manufacturing technology, rapid laser-shaping technique generate so far from it,
The device for being used to manufacture model of parts from initial principle type industrializes terminal part production equipment to current, but more than 30
The history in year, and the potentiality of its application development increasingly obtain the concern of international community.The following manufacturing development level is still
It is to measure one of the key point of a national overall strength, and the following manufacturing technology is in Numeric Control Technology, computer, machinery, material
Under the drive of the correlation technologies such as material development, inevitable trend digitlization and intelligence.Western countries are by 3D printing technique now
One of core technology important in 4.0 planning of industry is incorporated, and China is also sent out 3D printing technique as made in China 2025
Open up the support technology in strategical planning.3D printing technique is outstanding with intelligence as digitizing in entire advanced manufacturing technology
One kind, inevitable be profoundly integrally formed on manufacturing industry in different level of development influence.Firstly, the application field of 3D printing technique
(range) will constantly be expanded;Secondly, 3D printing technique deepens continuously (depth) in the application of each application field;Furthermore
The materialization form (equipment and technique) of 3D printing technique itself will more be enriched.The technology will necessarily gradually penetrate into state as a result,
The numerous areas such as anti-, aerospace, automobile, biomedicine, affect the design theory and theory of above-mentioned every field, and cooperate
Other traditional technologies improve even more certain quotidian fabrication schemes, cause to manufacture more intelligent, simple and direct, green, product
Performance is more close to perfect condition.
In numerous 3D printing techniques, as the first choice of complicated fine structure metal parts, selective laser fusing
Metal 3D printing technique plays great impetus in the trend of entire 3D printing technique development and application, by favor.
Metal 3D printing technique is melted using metal powder as raw material in selective laser, is laid on powder bed table by laser beam flying
The bulky powder in face makes it melt soldering rapidly, and layer upon layer is welded shape components.In scanning process, laser beam flying
Path and the characteristic relation for being melted powder are very big, and closely related with the quality of powder fusing soldering.
In view of the importance of laser beam scan path, the research to laser beam scan path is always a hot issue.Existing skill
In art, the planning mode of laser beam scan path is usual are as follows: refers to Fig. 1, the figure at a certain interface is divided into and is respectively independently closed
Several unit areas, two unit areas a as shown in Figure 1, b, then, to a, two unit areas b are scanned respectively, and
And scan method are as follows: laser is scanned back and forth along the direction parallel with X-axis.It is main insufficient existing for this kind of laser scanning methods
Are as follows: the length of scan line directly determines there is very big uncertainty, especially according to the profile of the closed unit figure of identification
It is that laser scanning quality is uneven, is easy that entire components is made to lead to the problem of anisotropy therefore, have scanning quality limited
Deficiency.
Summary of the invention
In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of 3D printing Laser Scanning, can effectively solve
State problem.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The present invention provides a kind of 3D printing Laser Scanning, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the three-dimensional CAD model of parts to be processed is generated on computers;
Step 2, the three-dimensional CAD model is sliced, obtain by direction from bottom to top number be respectively section 1, cut
The profile information in the n section of face 2 ... section n;
Step 3, planning obtains respectively to the laser beam scan path in each section;
This step specifically:
Step 3.1, according to the cross sectional shape in section 1, to be divided into similar area as much as possible as target in section 1,
The line width being arranged in sets of parallel between adjacent two parallel lines is L1, also sets up sets of parallel and two-dimensional coordinate plane central axes
Angle α 1;
It uses line width for several parallel lines that L1, angle are α 1, section 1 is divided into several unit figures;Wherein,
The unit figure in centrally located region refers to: the closed figure that two adjacent parallel lines and 1 contour line of section surround;Positioned at side
The unit figure in edge region refers to: the closed figure that 1 contour line of section and 1 most similar parallel lines surround;
Step 3.2, according to laser forming dusty material property, scanning line direction is set, and then plans and obtains to each list
The scan path of element pattern;
Step 3.3, by preset rules, planning obtains the parameter of sets of parallel corresponding with section 2, comprising: sets of parallel
Line width L2 and angle α 2, and then section 2 is divided into several unit figures;Final planning obtains pair cross-section 2 and is swept
To the scan path of each unit figure used by retouching;
Step 3.4, and so on, the parameter of sets of parallel corresponding with section 3 is successively obtained, and finally planning obtains pair
Section 3 is scanned the used scan path ... to each unit figure until obtaining sets of parallel corresponding with section n
Parameter, and finally planning obtains used by pair cross-section n is scanned to the scan path of each unit figure;
Step 4, laser fusing forming is carried out according to the laser beam scan path that step 3 planning obtains, be prepared final
Part.
Preferably, sets of parallel corresponding to each section is identical as the angle of two-dimensional coordinate plane central axes or not phase
Together, value range is 0~180 degree.
Preferably, in step 3.2, set scanning line direction are as follows: the angle of scan line and X-axis is 0~180 degree.
Preferably, in step 3.3, preset rules include two kinds, and one kind is that line width is randomly provided rule, and another kind is line width
Increment setting rule.
Preferably, the line width is randomly provided rule and refers to:
According to the cross sectional shape in each section, pre-seting the line width value upper limit is a, and line width value lower limit is b, it may be assumed that line width
Value range is (a, b);
For any one section i, wherein i=1,2 ... n are randomly provided corresponding to each section in (a, b) range
Sets of parallel in line width between adjacent two parallel lines.
Preferably, the line width increment setting rule refers to:
Line width values L1 corresponding to presetting line width incremental value F, scan round time numerical value Z and section 1;
Then:
Line width values corresponding to section 1 are L1;
Line width values corresponding to section 2 are L1+F;
Line width values corresponding to section 3 are L1+2F;
…
Line width values corresponding to the Z of section are L1+ (Z-1) F;
Line width values corresponding to the Z+1 of section are L1;
Line width values corresponding to the Z+2 of section are L1+F;
Line width values corresponding to the Z+3 of section are L1+2F;
…
Line width values corresponding to the Z+Z of section are L1+ (Z-1) F;
The rest may be inferred.
3D printing Laser Scanning provided by the invention has the advantage that
(1) each section is divided into geometric properties several unit figures as similar as possible, each unit figure is
Therefore make laser scanning uniform quality for a scanning area, inhibits the anisotropic generation of entire components.
(2) for each layer cross section, random and increment type line width variation mode is set, parallel lines used by each layer cross section are made
Group line width is not identical, so as to avoid the fixed characteristic of faying face interregional in layer-by-layer additive process, makes the region of upper and lower level
Faying face is staggered, and reduces the danger of crackle generation, improves the quality of formation of parts.
(3) according to the division mode of zone bandwidth, the path direction of laser scanning is adjusted, makes laser scanning and bandwidth
It divides and cooperates, improve scanning quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the 3D printing Laser Scanning that the prior art provides;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of 3D printing Laser Scanning provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention is more clearly understood, below in conjunction with
Accompanying drawings and embodiments, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only to
It explains the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of 3D printing Laser Scanning, main thought are as follows: not simply by section to be formed point
The unit figure being independently closed at several, but pass through the subregion at standardized processing interface, make each unit figure as far as possible
Shape is matched with scan path, and keeps the shape of each unit figure similar as far as possible, to reach to each list
Therefore the almost identical effect of the scanning process of element pattern makes laser scanning uniform quality, inhibit entire components anisotropy
Generation;Laser scanning forming efficiency can also be improved.
Specifically, 3D printing Laser Scanning provided by the invention, with reference to Fig. 2, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the three-dimensional CAD model of parts to be processed is generated on computers;
Step 2, the three-dimensional CAD model is sliced, obtain by direction from bottom to top number be respectively section 1, cut
The profile information in the n section of face 2 ... section n;
Step 3, planning obtains respectively to the laser beam scan path in each section;
This step specifically:
Step 3.1, according to the cross sectional shape in section 1, to be divided into similar area as much as possible as target in section 1,
The line width being arranged in sets of parallel between adjacent two parallel lines is L1, also sets up sets of parallel and two-dimensional coordinate plane central axes
Angle α 1;Wherein, sets of parallel and the angle of two-dimensional coordinate plane central axes are adjustable, such as with the angle adjustable extent 0 of X-axis~
180 degree.
It uses line width for several parallel lines that L1, angle are α 1, section 1 is divided into several unit figures;Wherein,
The unit figure in centrally located region refers to: the closed figure that two adjacent parallel lines and 1 contour line of section surround;Positioned at side
The unit figure in edge region refers to: the closed figure that 1 contour line of section and 1 most similar parallel lines surround;
In Fig. 2, sets of parallel includes 7 parallel lines altogether, respectively parallel lines P1, parallel lines P2 ... parallel lines P7, from
And section is divided into 6 unit figures, respectively unit figure 1, unit figure 2 ... unit figure 6.In this 6 unit figures
In shape, unit figure 2-5 is the unit figure in centrally located region, it may be assumed that is enclosed by two adjacent parallel lines with cross section contour
At closed figure.Unit figure 1 and unit figure 6 are the unit figure positioned at fringe region, by taking unit figure 6 as an example, by
Non-intersecting in parallel lines P7 and cross section, only parallel lines P6 intersects with cross section, in this case, by the original wheel in section
Profile and the parallel lines P6 of intersection constitute scanning area, form unit figure 6.Figure it is seen that unit figure 3 and unit
Figure 4 is very similar graphics field.
Step 3.2, according to laser forming dusty material property and the shape of each unit figure, scan line side is set
To the angle of scanning line direction and X-axis is 0~180 degree, and then plans and obtain the specific scan path to each unit figure;
Step 3.3, by preset rules, planning obtains the parameter of sets of parallel corresponding with section 2, comprising: sets of parallel
Line width L2 and angle α 2, and then section 2 is divided into several unit figures;Final planning obtains pair cross-section 2 and is swept
To the scan path of each unit figure used by retouching;
Specifically, random and increment type line width variation mode is arranged for each layer cross section, make to put down used by each layer cross section
Line group line width is not identical, so as to avoid the fixed characteristic of faying face interregional in layer-by-layer additive process, makes upper and lower level
Region faying face is staggered, and reduces the danger of crackle generation.
Specific preset rules include two kinds, and one kind is that line width is randomly provided rule, and another kind is line width increment setting rule
Then.
Line width is randomly provided rule and refers to:
According to the cross sectional shape in each section, pre-seting the line width value upper limit is a, and line width value lower limit is b, it may be assumed that line width
Value range is (a, b);
For any one section i, wherein i=1,2 ... n are randomly provided corresponding to each section in (a, b) range
Sets of parallel in line width between adjacent two parallel lines.
Line width increment setting rule refers to:
Line width values L1 corresponding to presetting line width incremental value F, scan round time numerical value Z and section 1;
Then:
Line width values corresponding to section 1 are L1;
Line width values corresponding to section 2 are L1+F;
Line width values corresponding to section 3 are L1+2F;
…
Line width values corresponding to the Z of section are L1+ (Z-1) F;
Line width values corresponding to the Z+1 of section are L1;
Line width values corresponding to the Z+2 of section are L1+F;
Line width values corresponding to the Z+3 of section are L1+2F;
…
Line width values corresponding to the Z+Z of section are L1+ (Z-1) F;
The rest may be inferred.
For example, setting line width values corresponding to section 1 as 10mm, increment 2mm, scan round number is 3, then exports knot
Fruit:
Line width values corresponding to section 1 are 10mm;
Line width values corresponding to section 2 are 10+2=12mm;
Line width values corresponding to section 3 are 12+2=14mm;
Line width values corresponding to section 4 return to original width 10mm;
Line width values corresponding to section 5 are 12mm;
Line width values corresponding to section 6 are 14mm;
…
That is:
Line width values corresponding to the 3n of section are 10mm;Line width values corresponding to the 3n+1 of section are 12mm;3n+2 institute in section is right
The line width values answered are 14mm.
Step 3.4, and so on, the parameter of sets of parallel corresponding with section 3 is successively obtained, and finally planning obtains pair
Section 3 is scanned the used scan path ... to each unit figure until obtaining sets of parallel corresponding with section n
Parameter, and finally planning obtains used by pair cross-section n is scanned to the scan path of each unit figure;
In the present invention, sets of parallel corresponding to each section is identical as the angle of two-dimensional coordinate plane central axes or not phase
Together, value range is 0~180 degree.
Step 4, laser fusing forming is carried out according to the laser beam scan path that step 3 planning obtains, be prepared final
Part.
3D printing Laser Scanning provided by the invention has the advantage that
(1) each section is divided into geometric properties several unit figures as similar as possible, each unit figure is
Therefore make laser scanning uniform quality for a scanning area, inhibits the anisotropic generation of entire components.
(2) for each layer cross section, random and increment type line width variation mode is set, parallel lines used by each layer cross section are made
Group line width is not identical, so as to avoid the fixed characteristic of faying face interregional in layer-by-layer additive process, makes the region of upper and lower level
Faying face is staggered, and reduces the danger of crackle generation, improves the quality of formation of parts.
(3) according to the division mode of zone bandwidth, the path direction of laser scanning is adjusted, makes laser scanning and bandwidth
It divides and cooperates, improve scanning quality.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
Depending on protection scope of the present invention.