CN107115827A - A kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor - Google Patents
A kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107115827A CN107115827A CN201610102282.5A CN201610102282A CN107115827A CN 107115827 A CN107115827 A CN 107115827A CN 201610102282 A CN201610102282 A CN 201610102282A CN 107115827 A CN107115827 A CN 107115827A
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- perforated plate
- fixed bed
- bed reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0292—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds with stationary packing material in the bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor, include housing, tubulation, upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate, support plate, wherein, the housing is hollow structure, the upper perforated plate and the support plate are separately fixed at the enclosure interior, the tubulation is through the support plate and is arranged on the upper perforated plate and the lower perforated plate, have the feature that, the lower perforated plate is connected by tubulation with the upper perforated plate, and inwall of the lower perforated plate not with the housing is contacted, and the lower perforated plate is connected by compensation device with the housing.The calandria type fixed bed reactor that the present invention is provided can not only allow tubulation freely to stretch, also with good sealing effectiveness, while the heat conduction efficiency for the calandria type fixed bed reactor that the present invention is provided is high, loading catalyst, easy, manufacturing cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical equipment field, more particularly to a kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor.
Background technology
When producing the products such as Fischer-Tropsch, methanol, oxirane, synthesis ammonia, to ensure the activity of catalyst,
Reaction temperature general control is between 150~350 DEG C, and such reaction can release substantial amounts of reaction heat, if production
Raw heat is not removed in time, and beds overheat, sintering of catalyst, bed pressure drop can be caused fast
Speed increase even bed temperature runaway, cause catalyst to scrap and seriously threaten production safety.It is calandria type fixed bed
Reactor is the equipment for solving the above problems.Its workflow is as follows, and unstripped gas is in certain mole
Than lower entrance reactor bed, sintetics is reacted in the presence of catalyst, reaction raw materials make loading leave with rage
Inside the tubulation of catalyst, the outer water that heat is moved for cooling of pipe takes away reaction heat by the latent heat of water vapor,
While by-product saturated vapor.
Most common calandria type fixed bed reactor uses fixed tube sheet shell structure, as shown in figure 1, row
Pipe 1-1 is arranged between upper perforated plate 1-2 and lower perforated plate 1-3, and inside is solid using support plate 1-4 support positioning
It is fixed；Upper cover 1-5 is connected by bobbin carriage cylinder 1-6 with upper perforated plate 1-2, and raw material is set on upper cover 1-5
Gas entrance 1-51 and manhole 1-52；Cooling water inlet 1-71, steam outlet are opened up on apparatus casing 1-7
1-72 and uneven shell-side temperature detection mouth 1-73；Low head 1-8 passes through lower tube box cylinder 1-9 and lower perforated plate 1-3
It is connected, which is provided with and unload catalyst mouthful 1-81, material outlet 1-82, inside can sets bell-jar 1-83,
In running, porcelain ball can be loaded in low head 1-8；Catalyst is in tubulation 1-1, whole equipment
It is arranged on by skirt 1-10 supports in Equipment Foundations.
Wherein, support plate 1-4 not only acts as fixed and positioning heat exchanging pipe 1-1 effect, also has simultaneously
Change cooling fluid flow direction, improve the effect of heat transfer coefficient.Support plate 1-4's of the prior art
Structure is shown in Figure 2, sets some breach 1-41 and the vapor-permeable hole 1-42 on periphery to provide the upper of steam
Passage is risen, causes the substantial amounts of steam of core to move in parallel at the breach 1-41 of distant place in ability
Last layer support plate 1-4 space is raised to, moving resistance is big, distance is long, easily causes gas in support plate
The stagnation and accumulation of 1-4 bottoms, influence heat transfer/radiating of reaction tube, and gas is in support plate 1-4 bottoms
Lateral flow can induce tubulation 1-1 vibration, produce noise etc.；Heat in reaction tube can not be timely
Remove, easily cause hot-spot in pipe, catalyst member sintering, bed pressure drop increase etc.；In addition, lacking
Mouth 1-41 setting and the vapor-permeable hole 1-42 on periphery occupy partial reaction device cross section, cause reactor
Volume utilization declines.
In addition, reactor catalyst is loaded, as shown in figure 1, layering filling is different in low head 1-8
The porcelain ball of size specification, then recharges the catalyst in tubulation 1-1, and inside is provided with bell-jar 1-83.
In practical operation, generally need first to load after porcelain ball in bottom bulkhead, filling solid catalysis could be started
Agent.This flatness for needing to consume a large amount of porcelain balls and filling is difficult to observe and controlled.When unloading carried catalyst,
Porcelain ball is mixed with catalyst to be drawn off, and puzzlement is caused to catalyst recovery process.In addition, these filling porcelain
Ball also results in extra pressure drop.
Present invention applicant also found that such fixed tube sheet shell-and-tube reactor is managed interior in the process of running
The temperature difference that unstripped gas occurs in the presence of catalyst inside strong exothermal reaction, reaction tube with outside is larger,
The temperature difference with reactor shell 1-7 is bigger, is caused the difference of material expand amount by the temperature difference and is produced the temperature difference and answer
Power, particularly in tubulation 1-1 and tube sheet junction, thermal (temperature difference) stress is very big, in the process of running generator tube
Plate deformation, tubulation 1-1 deformations, weld seam drawing crack of tubulation 1-1 and tube sheet etc. have a strong impact on reactor safety
The phenomenon of operation.
To reduce thermal (temperature difference) stress, existing fixed bed tubulation 1-1 reactors mostly use thermal coefficient of expansion phase
Near material manufactures the housing 1-7 and tubulation 1-1 of reactor.In terms of case material selection, with methanol
Exemplified by reactor, reactor below 100,000 tons of per unit area yield it is many by shell-side cylinder of 13MnNiMoNbR with
Strengthening segment material, and 200,000 tons, 250,000 tons and 300,000 tons of large-scale methanol reactor it is many with
20MnMoNi55 is case material；And tubulation is then more using the two phase stainless steel of the trades mark such as S31803.
This is mainly the S31803 two phase stainless steel class materials for considering that the linear expansion coefficient of the two is used with tubulation
With property very close to particularly 20MnMoNi55 is reduced due to pipe, shell closer to two-phase steel tubing
The axial thermal stress that the temperature difference of journey is produced.But, the price of duplex stainless steel pipe be it is at a relatively high, its
Price is about 3 times of S304 common stainless steels or so；And housing 1-7 belongs to height with tubulation 1-1 materials
Strength steel, manufacturing process is complicated, the more common material of manufacture difficulty is bigger, so the cost of reactor is phase
When high.
In the prior art, also there is the calandria type fixed bed reactor of another structure, as shown in figure 3,
By upper cover 2-1, upper perforated plate 2-2, housing 2-3, tubulation 2-4, support plate 2-5, lower perforated plate 2-6,
Outside head 2-7, interior end socket 2-8, bell-jar 2-9, unload catalyst mouthful 2-10, packing box seal 2-11 etc.
Composition, tubulation 2-4 is fixed between upper perforated plate 2-2 and lower perforated plate 2-6, and unlike prior art one
Lower perforated plate 2-6 is not connected with housing 2-3, and is connected provided with interior end socket 2-8 with lower perforated plate 2-6, bottom
Outside head 2-7 is still connected with housing 2-3, and this structure aims to solve the problem that fixed tube sheet type reactor can not be mended
Repay end socket 2-8 and lower perforated plate 2-6 in the thermal stress issues that the temperature difference is caused, bottom and be suspended from upper perforated plate 2-2
It is following, can free flexible compensation when having a temperature difference.Discharging opening is picked out through covering from interior end socket 2-8
Head 2-7, is provided with packing box seal 2-11 structures, as shown in figure 4, the structure on outside head 2-7
Include airtight and watertight padding 2-12, trim ring 2-13, hold-down bolt 2-14, stuffing-box outer tube 2-15 and inner sleeve
Manage (actually reactor discharge nozzle), outlet 2-16.
Its advantage of packing box seal 2-11 is simple in construction, cheap.But it applies in general to static seal,
And it is used in dynamic sealing then unavoidable leakage.Also, packing box seal 2-11 be generally used for seal request it is not high,
The occasion such as pressure is relatively low, sealed diameter is smaller.And reactor is in the process of running, shell side operating pressure is led to
Chang Zhong presses scope；Because reaction mass is usually gaseous state, to reduce flow resistance, discharge opening pipeline diameter leads to
Chang Buyi is too small；And tubulation 2-4 and housing 2-3 materials and/or temperature difference will cause between internal and external casing
Relative movement, depending on factors such as material, the temperature difference, reactor lengths, if this wriggling displacement up to
Dry centimetre, corresponding sealing belongs to dynamic sealing rather than static seal.Therefore, this kind of sealing side of stuffing-box
Formula easily produces leakage in reactor running.To avoid leakage, it is necessary to often fasten filler pressing,
It is also required to often supplement or changes filler.Further, since stuffing box structure size is larger, so in manufacture
Concentricity, finish of sealing surface of internal and external casing etc. must be strictly controlled during processing, manufacture is increased
Difficulty.It is prevent leakage, it is necessary to compress filler when fastening filler pressing.But this can cause inner-outer sleeve
Frictional force between pipe is excessive, expansion of the reactor inner cylinder relative to shell is stretched difficult, so as to produce axle
To stress, the purpose freely stretched is not reached.Do not leaked and axial direction so compressing filler with ensureing stuffing-box
It is two conflicting aspects to need freely to stretch, it is difficult to realize simultaneously.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor, it can not only allow tubulation free
It is flexible, also with good sealing effectiveness, while the heat for the calandria type fixed bed reactor that the present invention is provided
Conduction efficiency is high, loading catalyst, easy, manufacturing cost is low.
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of calandria type fixed bed reaction
Device, comprising housing, tubulation, upper perforated plate, lower perforated plate, support plate, wherein, the housing is hollow knot
Structure, the upper perforated plate and the support plate are located in the enclosure interior respectively, and the upper perforated plate is fixed on
The inner walls, the tubulation is through the support plate and is arranged on the upper perforated plate and the lower perforated plate
Between, have the feature that, the lower perforated plate is connected by tubulation with the upper perforated plate, and described
Inwall of the lower perforated plate not with the housing is contacted, and the lower perforated plate is connected by compensation device with the housing.
Embodiment of the present invention in terms of existing technologies, using compensation device, thoroughly solves tubulation
Formula fixed bed reactors because reaction tube is different from housing deformation quantity caused by material and/or the temperature difference etc. and
The axial stress caused causes tube plate deformation, tubulation and panel weld to pull etc. to damage phenomenon, make reactor
Can not long-term safety the problem of run, also fundamentally having evaded prior art includes sealing leak, processing
Manufacture difficulty is big, high cost problem.
Further, in order to realize freely stretching for tubulation, the housing comprising upper cover, middle casing,
Low head, the upper cover and the low head are connected to the top and bottom of the middle casing；
The lower perforated plate is fixedly connected with end socket in one, and the interior end socket passes through expansion joint and the low head
Connection.
Further, in order to protect middle casing not hit by lower perforated plate, the inwall of the middle casing
Locating piece provided with protrusion at the position for coordinating the lower perforated plate.
Further, in order to realize detachable effect, the expansion joint passes through at least one set of connecting portion
Part is connected with the interior end socket and the low head respectively.
Further, each connection member is flange.
Further, gasket seal is provided between the sealing property of equipment, each connection member in order to improve.
Further, in order to realize freely stretching for tubulation, the side wall of the lower perforated plate passes through elastic compensating
Part is connected with the inwall of the housing.
Further, the elastic compensating part is U-shaped compensating part or S-shaped compensating part.
Further, in order to protect middle casing not hit by lower perforated plate, the inwall of the housing with
Close the locating piece provided with protrusion at the position of the lower perforated plate.
Further, for the ease of loading and drawing off catalyst, the tubulation bottom is provided with pagoda spring.
Other, weaken in order to avoid the elastic force of pagoda spring, boss is provided with the tubulation, is arranged on
Jump ring on the boss, the support orifice plate being arranged on the jump ring.
Further, the support orifice plate is vaulted.
Further, in order to improve the thermal conduction effect in shell, the support plate comprising upper strata support plate,
Lower floor's support plate, peripheral board；
Wherein, the upper strata support plate is superimposed upon on lower floor's support plate, and the inwall of the peripheral board is same
When connect the outer wall of the upper strata support plate and lower floor's support plate, the outer wall of the peripheral board with it is described
The inwall of housing is not connected to；
The upper strata support plate and lower floor's support plate are equipped with strip grid, and the upper strata support plate
The strip grid of strip grid and lower floor's support plate radially staggered form rhombus space, the tubulation
Through the rhombus space.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the signal of the fixed tube sheet shell structure of calandria type fixed bed reactor of the prior art
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of support plate of the prior art；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the suspended structure of calandria type fixed bed reactor of the prior art；
Fig. 4 is the Hermetical connecting structure in the suspended structure of calandria type fixed bed reactor of the prior art
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the calandria type fixed bed reactor of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the connected mode of the connection member of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the locating piece of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the radial cutaway view of the support plate of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the top view of the support plate of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the catalyst support schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the pagoda spring of the first embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the structural representation of the calandria type fixed bed reactor of second embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the connection diagram of the elastic compensating part of second embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 14 is the catalyst support schematic diagram of second embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 15 is the front view of the jump ring of second embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 16 is the upward view of the jump ring of second embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 17 is the radial cutaway view of the support orifice plate of second embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 18 is the top view of the support orifice plate of second embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to this hair
Bright each embodiment is explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that
In each embodiment of the invention, in order that reader more fully understands the application and to propose many technologies thin
Section.But, even if many variations and modification without these ins and outs and based on following embodiment,
Each claim of the application technical scheme claimed can also be realized.
The first embodiment of the present invention is related to a kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor, as shown in figure 5, bag
Containing housing 1, tubulation 2, upper perforated plate 3, lower perforated plate 4, support plate 5, skirt, wherein, housing 1 is
Hollow structure is simultaneously made up of, upper cover 11 and low head upper cover 11, middle casing 12, low head 13
13 are connected to the top and bottom of middle casing 12, and the upper cover 11 is provided with upper cover manhole, survey
Temperature adapter, reactor feed mouthful, the low head 13 are provided with cooling water inlet, reactor discharging opening, lower envelope
Tribal chief hole, upper perforated plate 3 and support plate 5 are located inside housing 12 respectively, and upper perforated plate 3 is fixed on housing
12 inwall, tubulation 2 is arranged on upper perforated plate 3 through the through hole on support plate 5, its upper end, and
Its lower end is arranged on lower perforated plate 4 so that lower perforated plate 4 is connected by tubulation 2 with upper perforated plate 3, but under
Inwall of the tube sheet 4 not with middle casing 12 or low head 13 is contacted, and as hangs floating type, lower perforated plate
4 are fixedly connected with end socket 7 in one, are connected between interior end socket 7 and low head 13 with built-in expansion joint 61, this
Field personnel are it is to be understood that expansion joint 61 is one kind in compensation device 6.Specifically, present embodiment
The nominal diameter of the expansion joint 61 of middle selection can be DN100~3000mm, and compensation wave number amount is 1~20
Ripple, material can be ordinary carbon steel, low-alloy steel, stainless steel or other materials etc.；It is larger-diameter swollen
Swollen section 61 may serve as service channel to enter the interior inner space of end socket 7 in itself；Minor diameter expansion joint
61 separately need to set the manhole corresponding with low head 13 on interior end socket 7, in order to current.In this
Put outlet (discharging opening, catalyst unloading port that expansion joint 61 can directly with interior end socket 7 and low head 13
Deng) connection, one expansion joint 61 of each outlet configuration, so as to completely avoid sealing and thus cause
A series of problems.Due to using embedding structure, the nominal diameter of each expansion joint 61, which can be made, to be compared
It is small, the design, manufacture and installation of expansion joint 61 is all easily realized that cost is also low.Due to expansion joint
61 pairs of radial deflections have an appropriate tolerance, therefore internally end socket 7 and the respective apertures of low head 13 is same
Heart degree is less demanding, reduce further processing and manufacturing difficulty.
By the above it is seen that, when tubulation 2 and housing 1 produce different swell incremenies because of the temperature difference,
It can be compensated automatically by expansion joint 61, it is allowed to which tubulation 2 can freely stretch, axle will not be produced because of the temperature difference
To thermal stress.Simultaneously as the problem of solving thermal expansion, the material of reactor shell 1 is selected with regard to nothing
The problem of its thermal coefficient of expansion need to be considered and matched with tubulation 2.For using water as the reaction for moving thermal medium
Device, typically can select the conventional material such as Q345R or 15CrMoR.These materials than prior art because
Need to consider thermal coefficient of expansion and matching problem and select 13MnNiMoNbR or 20MnMoNi55 etc. to come
It is much lower as the cost of shell material.Similarly, the selection of reaction tube 2 is without consideration thermal expansion
Coefficient and matching problem, only need to consider response characteristic, corrosion resistance, temperature, pressure and mechanical strength
Deng other problems.Overall device manufacturing cost can be greatly lowered.
In addition, what deserves to be explained is, as shown in fig. 6, the top and bottom of expansion joint 61 are equipped with company
Acting flange, those skilled in the art it is to be understood that flange is one kind in connection member 8, upper flanges with it is interior
The flange in the bottom of end socket 7 is bolted connection, and gasket seal 81 is provided between flange；Expansion joint 61
Lower end flanges be connected with the inverse flange of the reactor discharging opening on low head 13, equally set between flange
Have gasket seal 81, the gasket seal 81 can using stainless steel metal spiral wound gasket, metal gasket,
Rubber sheet gasket, O-ring etc., specifically depending on the situations such as operating pressure, temperature, reaction medium.Pass through
The above it is seen that, this kind of connected mode makes expansion joint 61 to be free to remove and replace, and makes practical operation
When Measuring error more facilitate, this is especially useful for the reactor for being related to corrosive materials.In addition,
Because the relative motion between pipe, shell is compensated by expansion joint 61, therefore in built-in detachable expansion joint 61
In structure, its connection between interior end socket 7 and low head 13 is static seal, therefore safe and reliable.
It is worthy of note that, if those skilled in the art are it is to be understood that only using the mode of welding, without passing through
The connectors such as similar flange are connected, and can also realize identical connection effect.
In addition, it is noted that because lower perforated plate 4 is bascule, its outer wall and the inwall of housing 1
Between have gap, when 2 temperature distortion of tubulation on lower perforated plate 4, lower perforated plate 4 start radial direction move
Dynamic, if not being limited, then middle casing 12 understands the shock by lower perforated plate 4, so of the invention
The locating piece 121 of multiple protrusions is provided with the position for coordinating lower perforated plate 4 in the inwall of middle casing 12,
And it is uniformly distributed, as shown in fig. 7, the locating piece 121 is used for the radial displacement for limiting lower perforated plate 4,
Its gap according to design it needs to be determined that, it is proposed that the quantity of locating piece 121 be 3~36 pieces, to improve positioning
Effect.
In addition, it is worthy of note that, the support plate 5 used in present embodiment as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9,
It is made up of upper strata support plate 51, lower floor's support plate 52, peripheral board 53；Wherein, upper strata support plate 51
It is superimposed upon on lower floor's support plate 52, and is connected by the mode of spot welding, the inwall of peripheral board 53 is simultaneously
Connect the outer wall of upper strata support plate 51 and lower floor's support plate 52, the outer wall of peripheral board 53 is interior with housing 1
Wall is unconnected, has gap between the peripheral board 53 and housing 1.Upper strata support plate 51 and lower floor
Support plate 52 is equipped with strip grid, the packing support grating form of somewhat similar packed tower, upper strata support plate
Radially staggered 60 ° to 90 ° formation rhombuses of 51 strip grid and the strip grid of lower floor's support plate 52 are empty
Gap, tubulation 2 passes through rhombus space, because the space between four angles of rhombus and the outer wall of tubulation 2 is ratio
Larger, voidage reaches more than 25%, can be used as cooling water and the rising passway of steam.This area skill
Art personnel are it is to be understood that the support plate 5 of this kind of structure can be arranged to sandwich construction, every group of support plate 5
Between its spacing is fixed using distance rod, the individual layer height of support plate 5 can be 10~200mm.Thus
It can be seen that, the support plate 5 used in present embodiment, the support plate 5 for solving prior art takes reaction
The problem of device available cross section, so as to improve the utilization rate of reactor volume；Also solve housing simultaneously
Transverse movement in middle steam/steam bubble uphill process simultaneously induces tubulation vibration, produces noise, increase housing pressure
The problems such as drop.
In addition, what deserves to be explained is, the supporting way of the solid catalyst in present embodiment, such as Figure 10,
Shown in Figure 11, pagoda spring 21, i.e. branch magazine spring are installed in the bottom of tubulation 2, installation site is according to work
Skill requires to determine；Then porcelain ball is loaded to the height of technological requirement, and last filling solid catalyst is relied on
The elastic force of pagoda spring 21, to facilitate the filling of catalyst with drawing off, and controls to load quality.It is this to urge
Agent supporting way cause filling with unload carried catalyst it is more convenient and it is easily controllable load quality, be not required to
Porcelain ball is filled in low head 13, without bell-jar and ad hoc catalyst unloading port etc..Pagoda spring
21 have that heat resistance is high, corrosion-resistant, rest large carrying capacity, elastoresistance deformability are strong, installs and tears open
Unload conveniently, bed pressure drop it is small, difficult for drop-off and the advantages of can be repeated several times utilization.The diameter of pagoda spring 21
D can be 10~100mm, be adapted to the internal diameter of tubulation 2；Wire diameter is 0.5~5mm；Spring material
Matter can be S304, S304L, S316, S316L, S631, X750 etc. or other metal materials, depending on
The feelings such as operating temperature, carrying pressure (including catalyst weight, tube side pressure drop etc.), reaction medium property
Depending on shape.
Second embodiment of the present invention is related to a kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor, as shown in figure 12,
It is with the main distinction of first embodiment, the side wall of lower perforated plate 4 passes through elastic compensating part 62 and housing
1 inwall connection.Specifically, the elastic compensating part 62 selected in present embodiment is U-shaped compensating part,
Those skilled in the art are it is to be understood that elastic compensating part 62 is also one kind in compensation device 6, and detailed construction is joined
As shown in Figure 13, the side of U-shaped compensating part and the outer rim side of lower perforated plate 4 are weldingly connected, another side
It is weldingly connected with the inwall of housing 1.When tubulation 2 and housing 1 are because of material and/or temperature difference generation different distortion
During amount, both relative displacements vertically are compensated by the relative motion (crawler type motion) of compensating part,
I.e. lower perforated plate 4 is to float, and can freely be stretched, and Axial Thermal will not be produced because of material and/or the temperature difference should
Power.It follows that the calandria type fixed bed reactor in present embodiment, thoroughly solves shell and tube and consolidates
Fixed bed reactor is different from shell-side cylinder deformation quantity caused by material and/or the temperature difference etc. because of reaction tube 2
And the axial stress caused causes tube plate deformation, tubulation 2 and panel weld to pull etc. to damage phenomenon, make anti-
Answer device can not long-term safety the problem of run, and without interior end socket 7 etc. so that structure of reactor is more
Simplify, cost is also further reduced.Because the width of U-shaped compensating part is small, therefore available light sheet processing
Shaping, its elasticity is good, displacement force is small, anti-fatigue ability is strong, and can bear higher bidirectional pressure difference.This
Outside, there is appropriate elasticity the openend of U-shaped structure, therefore to tube sheet and the machining error of housing 1
There is higher tolerance, reduce manufacture difficulty.Specifically, the U-shaped compensating part that present embodiment is used
Thickness can be 1~10mm, and compensating part width can be 10~100mm, highly can be 30~500mm；
U-shaped compensating part can be single layer structure, or Multi-layer composite is S-shaped compensating part, by U-shaped
Longitudinal direction superposition, step pressure-bearing further improves reliability, corrosion resistance, service life etc..
In addition, it is noted that as shown in figure 13, because lower perforated plate 4 for suspension floating structure, U
Shape compensating part is easy elastic deformation part, therefore is provided with the locating piece 121 of lower perforated plate 4, is evenly distributed on shell
On the inwall of body 1, locating piece 1214 is used to limit moving radially for lower perforated plate 4, and locating piece 121 is welded
On cylinder inboard wall, with the gap of tube sheet outer rim according to design it needs to be determined that, locating piece 121 can be 3~36
Block, its material is identical with the material of housing 1.
It is pointed out that those skilled in the art are it is to be understood that elastic compensating part 62 can not only be set
Put on lower perforated plate 4, can also be arranged on upper perforated plate 3, realize identical technique effect.
What deserves to be explained is, in second embodiment of the present invention, support of the catalyst in tubulation 2
Structure sets boss 22 in the bottom of tubulation 2, it is convex that jump ring 23 is arranged on this as shown in Figure 14 to Figure 18
On platform 22, support orifice plate 24 is placed on jump ring 23.In practical operation, due to tubulation 2 and down tube
The connection of plate 4 must be reliable, usually requires that using expanded and welded tube joint and uses technique, and swollen or intensity is sticked in such as intensity weldering
Swollen encryption soldering and sealing, therefore jump ring 23 can position and be fixed using the boss 22 of expanded joint, without another
It is outer to design and consider its fixed structure.Meanwhile, the external diameter of jump ring 23 should be slightly bigger than the internal diameter of tubulation 2, pass through
Pressure is to reduce the external diameter of jump ring 23, after boss 22 are placed into, and pressure is discharged, to recover jump ring 23
External diameter, fixes it.Specifically, the thickness H for the jump ring 23 selected in present embodiment can be
0.2~10mm；The material of jump ring 23 can be various metal materials, such as S304, S304L, S316,
S316L, S631, X750 etc., depending on operating temperature, carrying pressure (including catalyst weight, tube side pressure
Drop etc.), depending on the situation such as reaction medium property.
In addition, support orifice plate 24 can be plate shaped, hemispherical, bell-jar shape etc., in present embodiment
The support orifice plate 24 of middle selection is vaulted, and as shown in Figure 16,17, its external diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of tubulation 2,
Orifice plate 24 is supported to be provided with multiple apertures, percent opening is typically preferably greater than 50%.If percent opening is not high,
Porcelain ball can be loaded to reduce material resistance；, can direct filling solid catalyst when percent opening is high.Specifically,
The opening diameter for the support orifice plate 24 selected in present embodiment can be 0.5~10mm, and percent opening can be with
For 10~90%；Pore size distribution can be the random of rule；Orifice plate thickness H can be 0.5~20mm.This
The advantage of kind of supporting construction is that selection range is wide, broad application temperature range, it is to avoid pagoda spring 21 is in height
Because elasticity variation causes spring to be collapsed and/or tube wall adhesive force declines and causes line clogging under warm environment
Or spring is the problems such as come off, bearing capacity is stronger, simple in construction, easy for installation, using more reliable.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the respective embodiments described above are to realize that the present invention's is specific
Embodiment, and in actual applications, can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without inclined
From the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of calandria type fixed bed reactor, comprising housing (1), tubulation (2), upper perforated plate (3),
Lower perforated plate (4), support plate (5), wherein, the housing (1) is hollow structure, the upper pipe
Plate (3) and the support plate (5) are located in the housing (1) inside, and the upper perforated plate respectively
(3) housing (1) inwall is fixed on, the tubulation (2) is through the support plate (5) and sets
Put between the upper perforated plate (3) and the lower perforated plate (4), it is characterised in that the lower perforated plate (4)
Be connected by tubulation (2) with the upper perforated plate (3), and the lower perforated plate (4) not with the shell
The inwall contact of body (1), the lower perforated plate (4) passes through compensation device (6) and the housing (1)
Connection.
2. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shell
Body (1) includes upper cover (11), middle casing (12), low head (13), the upper cover
And the low head (13) is connected to the top and bottom of the middle casing (12) (11)；
The lower perforated plate (4) is fixedly connected with end socket in one (7), and the interior end socket (7) passes through expansion
Section (61) is connected with the low head (13).
3. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in described
Between housing (12) locating piece (121) of the inwall provided with protrusion at the position for coordinating the lower perforated plate (4).
4. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described swollen
It is swollen section (61) by least one set of connection member (8) respectively with the interior end socket (7) and the lower envelope
Head (13) connection.
5. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described each
Connection member (8) is flange.
6. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described each
Gasket seal (81) is provided between connection member (8).
7. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that under described
The side wall of tube sheet (4) is connected by elastic compensating part (62) with the inwall of the housing (1).
8. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the bullet
Property compensating part (62) be U-shaped compensating part or S-shaped compensating part.
9. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the shell
Locating piece (121) of the inwall of body (1) provided with protrusion at the position for coordinating the lower perforated plate (4).
10. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the row
Manage (2) bottom and be provided with pagoda spring (21).
11. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the row
Provided with boss (22), the jump ring (23) being arranged on the boss (22), setting in pipe (2)
Support orifice plate (24) on the jump ring (23).
12. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 11, it is characterised in that described
It is vaulted to support orifice plate (24).
13. calandria type fixed bed reactor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the branch
Hold plate (5) and include upper strata support plate (51), lower floor's support plate (52), peripheral board (53)；
Wherein, the upper strata support plate (51) is superimposed upon on lower floor's support plate (52), described outer
The inwall of coaming plate (53) connects the upper strata support plate (51) and lower floor's support plate (52) simultaneously
Outer wall, the inwall of the outer wall and the housing (1) of the peripheral board (53) is not connected to；
The upper strata support plate (51) and lower floor's support plate (52) are equipped with strip grid, and institute
The strip grid of upper strata support plate (51) is stated radially to hand over the strip grid of lower floor's support plate (52)
Mistake forms rhombus space, and the tubulation (2) passes through the rhombus space.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010026817.1A CN111111567B (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Tube array type fixed bed reactor |
| CN201610102282.5A CN107115827B (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Tube array type fixed bed reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610102282.5A CN107115827B (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Tube array type fixed bed reactor |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010026817.1A Division CN111111567B (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Tube array type fixed bed reactor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107115827A true CN107115827A (en) | 2017-09-01 |
| CN107115827B CN107115827B (en) | 2020-09-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610102282.5A Active CN107115827B (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Tube array type fixed bed reactor |
| CN202010026817.1A Active CN111111567B (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Tube array type fixed bed reactor |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010026817.1A Active CN111111567B (en) | 2016-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Tube array type fixed bed reactor |
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| CN109985577A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-09 | 张化机（苏州）重装有限公司 | A kind of hydrogenator |
| CN110876910A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-03-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Radial bed isothermal conversion furnace |
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| CN112588208A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-02 | 河南金丹乳酸科技股份有限公司 | Process for preparing ethyl lactate by catalytic esterification of fixed bed reactor |
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| US11559799B2 (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2023-01-24 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Removable impingement basket for ethylene oxide (EO) reactors |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111111567A (en) | 2020-05-08 |
| CN107115827B (en) | 2020-09-04 |
| CN111111567B (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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