CN101703910B - Built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and direction connection structure for shift reactor and downstream heat exchanging equipment - Google Patents
Built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and direction connection structure for shift reactor and downstream heat exchanging equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN101703910B CN101703910B CN200910056717A CN200910056717A CN101703910B CN 101703910 B CN101703910 B CN 101703910B CN 200910056717 A CN200910056717 A CN 200910056717A CN 200910056717 A CN200910056717 A CN 200910056717A CN 101703910 B CN101703910 B CN 101703910B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a built-in cold wall type shift reactor for a heat exchanger. In the invention, a heat exchanging component and an outlet center pipe are arranged in a pressure-bearing shell; low-temperature feed gas exchanges heat with reacted heat shift gas through the heat exchanging component, and then enters into a catalyst bed layer for an adiabatic transformation reaction, and the adiabaticly reacted heat shift gas is sent out through the outlet center pipe. The invention changes a gas-gas heat exchanger in a traditional process flow into an inner component of a reactor, reduces one pressure-bearing equipment shell according to the design by pressure difference, lowers the design temperature and the wall thickness of a reactor shell, improves the safety and the reliability of reactor operation, decreases external connection pipelines and occupation space, and eliminates many leakage sources and fail points. The invention also discloses a direct connection structure for the heat exchange between the shift reactor and the downstream equipment, wherein the shift reactor is arranged vertically, the downstream equipment is arranged horizontally, the shift reactor is directly connected with the downstream equipment through a connection pipe and flanges, and one connection pipeline and the occupation space are saved, thereby improving the safety of system devices.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the interconnection technique field of shift-converter and shift-converter and downstream heat transmission equipment, particularly the direct coupled structure of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and shift-converter and downstream heat transmission equipment.The present invention is the inside that the gas-gas heat exchanger integral body in old-fashioned shift-converter downstream in the traditional process is placed reactor; Become internals of reactor; Reach the innovation of 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, the present invention is applicable to the carbon monodixe conversion reactor, also is applicable to methanator simultaneously.
Background technology
Referring to Fig. 1, existing axial shift-converter comprises pressure-bearing shell 10, and pressure-bearing shell 10 is installed in the basis through bearing 20 and goes up (not shown); Beds 30 is arranged in the pressure-bearing shell 10, and the below is supported through flame-proof sphere, and beds 30 contacts with the inner wall of pressure-bearing shell 10; Be provided with conversion gas outlet 31 in the bottom of pressure-bearing shell 10, go into end in conversion gas outlet 31 and be provided with gas collector 40, to collect the thermal change ventilation after the adiabatic transformationreation; Be provided with reactor feed gas inlet 21 at the top of pressure-bearing shell 10; The end that goes out at reactor feed gas inlet 21 is provided with gas distributor 50, after reactor feed gas is got into by reactor feed gas inlet 21, through the even distribution of gas distributor 50; Axially get in the beds 30, carry out adiabatic transformationreation.Be provided with manhole 60 at the top of pressure-bearing shell 10, so that catalyst charge; Be provided with catalyst discharge port 70 in the bottom of pressure-bearing shell 10, discharge port cover plate 80 is installed on catalyst discharge port 70, be provided with catalyst discharge duct 90, so that rely on gravity dumping in the bottom of beds 30.In beds 30, be provided with thermocouple T, thermocouple T is derived outside the said pressure-bearing shell 10.
Referring to shown in Figure 2 with old-fashioned shift-converter and legacy device connected mode be the basis conventional process flow; In the carbon monodixe conversion flow process of traditional synthetic ammonia installation; Often be lower than the activation temperature of catalyst from the temperature of the inlet unstripped gas 1 at the shift-converter R101 upper reaches; Need be provided with one and import and export gas heat exchanger E101, be called for short gas-gas heat exchanger.This gas-gas heat exchanger E101 is arranged on the outside of shift-converter R101, is connected with 3 with adopting pipeline 2 between the shift-converter R101.Inlet unstripped gas 1 is through after the gas-gas heat exchanger E101 heat exchange; Deliver to the reactor feed gas inlet 21 of shift-converter R101 through pipeline 2; And get into shift-converter R101 by this reaction raw materials inlet 21 and carry out adiabatic transformationreation; Reacted thermal change ventilation is come out by conversion gas outlet 31; Get into import and export gas heat exchanger E101 through pipeline 3 and carry out heat exchange with inlet unstripped gas 1, send into heat transmission equipment E103 again through the conversion gas after the heat exchange and carry out heat recovery, the conversion gas after the heat recovery is delivered to the unstripped gas inlet 51 of shift-converter R102 through pipeline 5; And get into shift-converter R102 by this unstripped gas inlet 51 and carry out the adiabatic transformationreation second time; Thermal change after the adiabatic transformationreation is for the second time taken a breath and is come out by conversion gas outlet 61, gets into heat transmission equipment E104 through pipeline 6 and reclaims heats, gets into the downstream process flow processs through the cold conversion gas behind the recovery heat by pipeline 7.After the medium-pressure boiler feedwater process heat transmission equipment E104 preheating, send into heat transmission equipment E103 heat exchange, press saturated vapor in the by-product.
The reactor feed gas inlet 21 of shift-converter R101 is located at shift-converter R101 top, and connecting line 2 is longer; Conversion gas outlet 31 is located at shift-converter R101 bottom.Work off one's feeling vent one's spleen after the gas-gas heat exchanger cooling, the heat transmission equipment E103 through downstream takes away a part of heat again, and the inlet unstripped gas as shift-converter R102 is provided.The unstripped gas inlet 51 of heat transmission equipment E103 and shift-converter R102 is connected through pipeline 5, between shift-converter R102 and the downstream heat transmission equipment E104 equally employing pipeline 6 be connected.
Because the carbon monodixe conversion reaction is under higher pressure and temperature, to carry out, wherein shift-converter R101 outlet temperature is between 400～500 ℃, and the processing medium main component is H
2, CO, CO
2And water vapour, medium hydrogen dividing potential drop is high, and is inflammable and explosive; There is high temperature special media corrosive environment owing to processing medium in addition, warm anti-hydrogen steel lining stainless steel in the general employing of the material of old-fashioned shift-converter housing, warm anti-hydrogen steel lining stainless steel during the gas-gas heat exchanger tube side adopts, piping material adopts stainless steel; Its Master Cost and manufacturing, check, maintenance cost are all very high.
In addition; Be the basis with old-fashioned shift-converter and legacy device connected mode conventional process flow in; The legacy device connected mode adopts pipeline to connect; These pipelines have not only taken very big layout, pipe arrangement space with the equipment that is connected, and because the pressure that pipeline carries is big, temperature is high, diameter is big, tube wall is also corresponding thicker.Simultaneously; The layout of pipeline, the elimination of pipeline thrust need be adopted a large amount of bend pipe tools; Increased the quantity of girth joint, these reasons all will cause pipeline material, manufacturing, inspection cost height, and the investment amount is big; And under high temperature special media corrosive environment, a large amount of potential source of leaks and failpoint have been caused.Be security and the reliability that guarantees technological process, pipeline material must adopt stainless steel, not only cost an arm and a leg, and the higher linear expansion coefficient of stainless steel also can produce bigger thermal stress, the flexibility of needs increase piping between the equipment of pipeline and connection thereof.
Therefore, for minimizing equipment especially in the platform number of warm anti-hydrogen steel equipment, reduce the area of equipment inner liner stainless steel; Palpus reforming technology flow process; Structure to shift-converter is carried out innovative design, and the housing metal temperature is significantly reduced, and so not only can practice thrift a large amount of equipment investments; Reduce the plant area area, and help long-term, safety, the stable operation of device.
Summary of the invention
One of technical problem to be solved by this invention is to the existing in prior technology problem a kind of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger to be provided, and to reduce the table of equipment number, reduces the use of HTHP thick-wall pipeline, reduces the plant area area; Reduce processing medium to the requirement of reactor shell material, reduce wall thickness, reduce the manufacturing cost of shift-converter, improve security, stability and the durability of reactor and whole shift process.
Two of technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the direct coupled structure of a kind of shift-converter and downstream heat transmission equipment, to reduce the use of HTHP thick-wall pipeline, avoids potential source of leaks and failpoint, thereby improves the security and the durability of device.
Built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as first aspect present invention; The pressure-bearing shell, internals and the catalyst that comprise shift-converter; It is characterized in that said internals comprise heat exchanger components and export center pipe, said heat exchanger components and export center pipe are arranged in the pressure-bearing shell of said shift-converter; Low temperature feedstock gas in the pressure-bearing shell of entering shift-converter is through described heat exchanger components and reacted thermal change ventilation carrying out heat exchange; After reaching the priming reaction temperature of catalyst, under catalyst action, carry out adiabatic transformationreation, the thermal change ventilation after the adiabatic reaction is flowed out through the export center pipe.
Said heat exchanger components is axially set in the center of said pressure-bearing shell and parallel with pressure-bearing shell, and said catalyst is arranged on the periphery of said heat exchanger components, and said export center pipe is arranged on the center of said heat exchanger components.
Said internals also comprise interconnective catalyst inside casing and catalyst housing; Said catalyst housing is supported on the inner wall of said pressure-bearing shell through reactor internals bracing ring, between catalyst housing and catalyst inside casing, is filled with catalyst with the beds form; Said heat exchanger components and the thermally coupled of said catalyst inside casing.
Have an annular space between the inner wall of said catalyst housing and said pressure-bearing shell, most unstripped gas radially gets into beds through annular space, and heat insulation airflow layer between pressure-bearing shell inner wall and catalyst housing reaches the cold wall construction of pressure-bearing shell.
Be provided with conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing takes in the bottom of said pressure-bearing shell; One end of said heat exchanger components is provided with the outlet refrigerator pipe; Be connected with the adapter of said conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing, this outlet refrigerator pipe forms the jacket type cold air path structure with the said export center pipe that runs through wherein.
Said conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing is taken over the cold air outlet that offers shift-converter; Pass through the jacket type cold air path with low temperature feedstock gas through the cold conversion gas after the heat exchanger components heat exchange; Flowed out by said cold air outlet, most of thermal change ventilation without inner heat exchange is flowed out through the export center pipe.The extension tube attached of said cold air outlet is provided with flow control valve; With the flow between the cold conversion gas that thermal change is taken a breath and cold air outlet flows out of regulating the outflow of outlet central tube; Regulate the heat output of heat exchanger components, reach the purpose that the control unstripped gas gets into reaction bed temperature.
Be provided with the unstripped gas inlet of shift-converter in the low head side of said pressure-bearing shell; Said heat exchanger components is a tubular heat exchanger, walks the low temperature unstripped gas in the tubulation, and tubulation is walked reacted thermal change ventilation outward; Said export center pipe is the center through tubular heat exchanger directly; Said catalyst inside casing is arranged on the outside of tubular heat exchanger; It is provided with gas collection hole radially; Make catalyst inside casing double as gas collector; Through this gas collection hole, the ventilation of reacted thermal change can import outside the tubulation of said tubular heat exchanger in the beds, carries out heat exchange with low temperature feedstock gas in the tubulation; Said catalyst housing is provided with distribution of gas hole radially, makes catalyst housing double as gas distributor.Behind the upper space of the unstripped gas after the heat exchange by tubulation entering pressure-bearing shell; Part unstripped gas is through axially getting into beds; Most of unstripped gas carries out adiabatic transformationreation by the distribution of gas aperture on the catalyst housing to getting into beds again through the annular space between the inner wall of catalyst housing and said pressure-bearing shell.
Another kind of typical structure of the present invention is provided with the unstripped gas inlet tube of a shift-converter at the upper cover top of said pressure-bearing shell, said heat exchanger components is a tubular heat exchanger, walks the low temperature unstripped gas in the tubulation, and tubulation is walked reacted thermal change ventilation outward; Be provided with the unstripped gas guide shell at the top of said tubular heat exchanger, the unstripped gas inlet tube of said shift-converter directly is communicated with the unstripped gas guide shell at tubular heat exchanger top through expansion joint, directly to import unstripped gas in the tubulation; Said export center pipe directly is arranged at the center of tubular heat exchanger; Said catalyst inside casing is provided with gas collection hole radially; Make catalyst inside casing double as gas collector; Through this gas collection hole, the ventilation of reacted thermal change can import outside the tubulation of said tubular heat exchanger in the beds, carries out heat exchange with low temperature feedstock gas in the tubulation; After unstripped gas is heated to the catalyst initial reaction temperature, get into the lower space of pressure-bearing shell.
Said reactor internals bracing ring is provided with round; Unstripped gas is heated the lower space that the back gets into pressure-bearing shell; Via the round of offering on the reactor internals bracing ring, get into the inner wall of said pressure-bearing shell and the annular space between the said catalyst housing, form heat insulation airflow layer; Reach the cold wall construction of pressure-bearing shell; Unstripped gas gets into beds downwards more vertically through the upper space of annular space entering pressure-bearing shell, and this moment, built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger was an axialmode.
Further, distribution of gas hole radially can be set on said catalyst housing, make catalyst housing double as gas distributor.After the lower space of the unstripped gas after the heat exchange by tubulation entering pressure-bearing shell; Part unstripped gas is through axially getting into beds; Most of unstripped gas is via the round of offering on the reactor internals bracing ring; Get into the inner wall of said pressure-bearing shell and the annular space between the said catalyst housing, have the gas dispersion aperture on the catalyst housing to carry out adiabatic transformationreation to getting into beds again, this moment, built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger was the axle radial mode.
Be provided with the catalyst discharge duct in the bottom of said beds; And be provided with the catalyst discharge port in the bottom of said pressure-bearing shell; On the said catalyst discharge port discharge port cover plate is installed; Said catalyst discharge duct inserts in the said catalyst discharge port, convenient, the safe discharging of dependence gravity.
Built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of the present invention also comprises go into operation a heat air inlet, and the said heat air inlet that goes into operation is arranged on the unstripped gas inlet external pipeline of top or shift-converter of said pressure-bearing shell.
As the shift-converter of second aspect present invention and the direct coupled structure of downstream heat transmission equipment, comprise direct-connected shift-converter and downstream heat transmission equipment, wherein, the vertical layout of said shift-converter, the horizontal layout of said downstream heat transmission equipment.
Said shift-converter is a built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of the present invention.
Being provided with first in the bottom of said built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger takes over; Said first adapter is provided with first connecting flange; This built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger has an export center pipe, and this export center pipe passes said first and takes over; Said downstream heat transmission equipment is provided with second and takes over; Said second adapter is provided with second connecting flange; Said first connecting flange directly connects with second connecting flange, and said export center pipe passes second on the heat transmission equipment of said downstream and is linked in the bobbin carriage or shell-side cylinder of downstream heat transmission equipment.
Said access is meant that said export center pipe directly is inserted in the bobbin carriage or shell-side cylinder of downstream heat transmission equipment.The bobbin carriage of perhaps said downstream heat transmission equipment or shell-side cylinder are provided with a heat transmission equipment internal heat gas guide shell, and said access is meant that said export center pipe is connected with said heat transmission equipment internal heat gas guide shell through expansion joint.
Adopt the lip-type seal element to seal between said first connecting flange and second connecting flange.Said export center pipe and said first is taken over, second adapter is sleeve type structure, the annular space between second on adapter of first on said export center pipe and the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and the downstream heat transmission equipment taken over.This annular space can be inner with built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger the cold conversion gas of heat exchanger exit passage UNICOM, to see the cold conversion gas of outlet off.Perhaps inner with built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger quiet connection of low temperature feedstock headroom is perhaps as the annular cold air path of reactor feed gas via downstream heat transmission equipment entering built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger.
Annular space between on said export center pipe and the downstream heat transmission equipment second taken over adopts packing box seal.
Said second takes over the end be arranged at said downstream heat transmission equipment, through with the stay bolt of the direct-connected formation of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger for heat transmission equipment; The other end of heat exchanger is provided with the spring sliding support that is supported on the basis.
Said downstream heat transmission equipment can be a kind of in waste heat boiler, the hot device of steam copper, gas-gas heat exchanger, the feedwater preheater.
The present invention is applicable to heat insulation-type reactors such as carbon monodixe conversion reactor, methanator.
Compared with prior art, behind employing the present invention:
(1) gas-gas heat exchanger in the conventional process flow is become internals of reactor, design, reduced by a bearing device housing, reduced exterior tubing, source of leaks and failpoint by pressure reduction.
(2) built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger adopts vertical layout, and the downstream heat transmission equipment adopts horizontal layout, and two equipment directly connect through adapter, flange, have practiced thrift a large amount of investments, and have improved the security of system and device.
(3) heat exchanger components in the shift-converter is arranged in the center of shift-converter; Pressure-bearing shell axially parallel with shift-converter; And heat exchanger components and export center duct member are removable structure; Can lift through the manhole that is arranged on the pressure-bearing shell top, be convenient to clean, keep in repair or change.
(4) beds adopts tubular construction; Be arranged on the periphery of heat exchanger components; And beds is provided with the inside casing and the double housing of doing gas distributor of double as gas collector; Make unstrpped gas promptly can adopt the form of axial flow, also can adopt the diameter of axle in the form that flows gets into beds, to carry out adiabatic transformationreation, make adiabatic reaction more complete.
(5) certain interval is set between the inner wall of catalyst housing and pressure-bearing shell, and low temperature feedstock gas is at interval imported beds by the catalyst housing through this, make between the inner wall of catalyst housing and pressure-bearing shell not contact; And forming a heat insulation cold wall construction, reacted high temperature shift gas does not contact with the reactor pressure-bearing shell, has eliminated the influence to pressure-bearing shell of reactor overtemperature or temperature runaway; Reduce the design temperature of pressure-bearing shell; Reduction makes a large amount of attenuates of wall thickness of pressure-bearing shell to the material requirements of reactor, and warm anti-hydrogen steel in adopting; Need not to adopt stainless steel lining, thereby reduce cost.
(6) reactor internals such as beds, heat exchanger components, export center pipe all adopt the structure of an end relative fixed, unidirectional free wxpansion, the service life of eliminate thermal (temperature difference) stress, improving equipment.
(7) flow dividing structure is adopted in the outlet of reacted thermal change ventilation; It is the shell side that a reacted thermal conversion gas part gets into heat exchanger components; Carry out heat exchange with the low temperature feedstock gas in the tube side, the cold conversion gas after the heat exchange leaves reactor from the converter cold air outlet pipe of shift-converter bottom.Thermal change ventilation without conducting heat directly gets into the downstream heat transmission equipment by the export center pipe; The cold air outlet pipe is provided with a flow control valve; To regulate the flow between the cold conversion gas that the thermal change that exports the central tube discharge is taken a breath and the cold air outlet of shift-converter flows out; Be convenient to control the temperature that gets into beds after the unstripped gas preheating, guarantee that reactor is continuous, stable operation.
(8) adopt the lip-type seal element to seal between the adpting flange of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and downstream heat transmission equipment, guarantee can not reveal.
(9) heat transmission equipment one end in downstream is taken over the first connecting flange tractive through shift-converter bottom first and is supported, and passes to the bearing of shift-converter to power, and the other end adopts the support of spring sliding support, reduces the external applied load at adpting flange place.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of existing shift-converter.
Fig. 2 is the conventional process flow sketch based on existing shift-converter and old-fashioned heat transmission equipment connected mode.
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 5 is the structure diagram of the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the invention 4 built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and the direct-connected structure diagram of waste heat boiler.
Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the invention 5 built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and the direct-connected structure diagram of steam superheater.
Fig. 8 is the embodiment of the invention 6 built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and the direct-connected structure diagram of gas-gas heat exchanger.
Fig. 9 is the embodiment of the invention 7 built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and the direct-connected structure diagram of feedwater preheater.
The specific embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect and be easy to understand and understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, further set forth the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 3; Built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger shown in the figure is an axial-radial flow reactor; Comprise a pressure-bearing shell 100; This pressure-bearing shell 100 is welded by cylinder section and upper and lower end socket, and warm anti-hydrogen steel was processed during cylinder section and upper and lower end socket all adopted, and in pressure-bearing shell 100, need not to adopt stainless steel lining.Whole pressure-bearing shell 100 adopts bearing 110 to be installed in the basis and goes up (not shown).At the top of pressure-bearing shell 100, just the top of upper cover is provided with the manhole 120 and the heat air inlet 130 that goes into operation, and the purpose of manhole 120 is set, so that heat exchanging parts 200 carry out dismounting with export center pipe 300.One cover plate for manhole 121 is installed on manhole 120, pressure gauge P is installed on cover plate for manhole 121, to detect the reaction pressure in the whole pressure-bearing shell 100.In the bottom of pressure-bearing shell 100, just low head is provided with unstripped gas inlet 150, conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing adapter 160 and the catalyst discharge port 170 of another manhole 140, shift-converter, and manhole 140 is stamped cover plate for manhole too.The unstripped gas inlet 150 of shift-converter can import unstripped gas in the pressure-bearing shell 100.On the pipe sidewall of conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing adapter 160, have the cold air outlet 161 of shift-converter; Discharge port cover plate 171 is installed on catalyst discharge port 170; Be provided with catalyst discharge duct 430 in the bottom of the beds that forms by catalyst 400; Catalyst discharge duct 430 inserts in the catalyst discharge port 170, and forms sleeve type structure between the catalyst discharge port 170, opens discharge port cover plate 171 and the interior Internal baffle that is provided with of catalyst discharge duct 430 pipes like this; Just can rely on gravity convenient, safe discharging.
Between catalyst housing 410 and catalyst inside casing 420, be filled with catalyst with beds 400 forms.Heat exchanger components 200 is installed in the catalyst inside casing 420, with 420 thermally coupleds of catalyst inside casing, that is heat exchanger components 200 be axially set in pressure-bearing shell 100 the center and with pressure-bearing shell 100 axially parallels, 400 peripheries that are positioned at heat exchanger components 200 of beds.
Catalyst inside casing 420 is provided with gas collection hole 421 radially, makes catalyst inside casing 420 double as gas collectors, and catalyst housing 410 is provided with gas dispersion hole 411 radially, makes catalyst housing 410 double as gas distributors.Have an annular space 412 between the inner wall of catalyst housing 410 and pressure-bearing shell 100, between pressure-bearing shell 100 inner walls and catalyst housing 410, form heat insulation airflow layer, reach the cold wall construction of pressure-bearing shell 100.
The operation principle of the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of this embodiment is: low temperature feedstock gas is got into the bottom space of the pressure-bearing shell 100 of shift-converter by the unstripped gas inlet 150 of shift-converter; Bottom by heat exchanger components 200 gets in the tubulation of heat exchanger components 200 again, with a part of thermal change ventilation the carrying out heat exchange from beds 400.Unstripped gas after the process heat exchange is after reaching the priming reaction temperature of catalyst; Get into the upper space of pressure-bearing shell 100 by tubulation after; Part unstripped gas by the top axle of beds 400 to getting into beds 400; Most of unstripped gas enters into the annular space 412 between the inner wall of catalyst housing 410 and pressure-bearing shell 100; Make between catalyst housing 410 and pressure-bearing shell 100 inner walls and to carry out heat insulationly through the unstripped gas that flows, form a cold wall construction, reduced the tube wall temperature of pressure-bearing shell 100.Unstripped gas in the annular space 412 radially gets into beds 400 by the gas dispersion hole 421 on the catalyst housing 410 again, axially and radially gets into the unstripped gas in the beds 400, under catalyst action, carries out adiabatic transformationreation.The ventilation of thermal change after the adiabatic reaction is entered into outside the tubulation of heat exchanger components 200 by the gas collection hole 421 on the catalyst inside casing 420 again, carries out heat exchange with low temperature feedstock gas in the tubulation.
The thermal change ventilation of a part is carried out becoming cold conversion gas after the heat exchange with the low temperature feedstock gas in the tube side; Cold air outlet 161 by outlet refrigerator pipe 210, converter cold air outlet pipe 160 and shift-converter flows out, and most of thermal change ventilation without inner heat exchange is then directly flowed out by export center pipe 300.On the extension tube attached of cold air outlet 161, can be provided with a flow control valve (not shown); Can regulate the flow between the cold conversion gas that the thermal change that exports central tube 300 discharges is taken a breath and the cold air outlet 161 of shift-converter flows out like this, reach the purpose of control unstripped gas entering reaction bed temperature.In beds 400, be provided with a thermocouple T, this thermocouple T extends outside the pressure-bearing shell 100, just can accurately control the temperature of catalyst through thermocouple T, in order to avoid catalysqt deactivation.
Referring to Fig. 4; The built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of this embodiment is an axial flow reactor; Its structure and embodiment 1 are based on principle of uniformity, and difference only is the position difference that shift-converter unstripped gas inlet 150 is provided with, and the flow direction of unstripped gas in tubulation is opposite.This embodiment is not only the another kind of version of the diameter of axle to shift-converter, and since flow of feed gas to inversion, make that when reactor adopted axial antistructure, the cold wall channel design between pressure-bearing shell and the catalyst housing was achieved.
This built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger comprises a pressure-bearing shell 100; This pressure-bearing shell 100 is welded by cylinder section and upper and lower end socket; Warm anti-hydrogen steel was processed during cylinder section and upper and lower end socket all adopted, and in pressure-bearing shell 100, need not to adopt stainless steel lining.Whole pressure-bearing shell 100 adopts bearing 110 to be installed in the basis and goes up (not shown).At the top of pressure-bearing shell 100, just the top of upper cover is provided with manhole 120, and the purpose of manhole 120 is set, so that heat exchanging parts 200 carry out dismounting with export center pipe 300.One cover plate for manhole 121 is installed on manhole 120, pressure gauge P is installed on cover plate for manhole 121, to detect the reaction pressure in the whole pressure-bearing shell 100.
In the bottom of pressure-bearing shell 100, just low head is provided with another manhole 140, conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing adapter 160 and catalyst discharge port 170, and manhole 140 is stamped cover plate for manhole too.On the pipe sidewall of conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing adapter 160, have the cold air outlet 161 of shift-converter; Discharge port cover plate 171 is installed on catalyst discharge port 170; Be provided with catalyst discharge duct 430 in the bottom of beds 400; Catalyst discharge duct 430 inserts in the catalyst discharge port 170, and forms sleeve type structure between the catalyst discharge port 170, opens discharge port cover plate 171 and the interior Internal baffle that is provided with of catalyst discharge duct 430 pipes like this; Just can rely on gravity convenient, safe discharging.
Be provided with gas collection hole 421 radially in the bottom of catalyst inside casing 420, make catalyst inside casing 420 double as gas collectors, have an annular space 412 between the inner wall of catalyst housing 410 and pressure-bearing shell 100.
In beds 400, be provided with a thermocouple T, this thermocouple T extends outside the pressure-bearing shell 100, just can accurately control the temperature of catalyst through thermocouple T, in order to avoid catalysqt deactivation.
The shift-converter unstripped gas inlet 150 usefulness one shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube 150a of present embodiment replaces; And be provided with a unstripped gas guide shell 220 at the top of heat exchanger components 200, shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube 150a directly is communicated with unstripped gas guide shell 220 through expansion joint 151.The heat air that goes into operation inlet is provided with (not shown) on the pipeline of shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube 150a.Reactor internals bracing ring 440 is provided with round 441.
The operation principle of present embodiment is: low temperature feedstock gas is entered in the unstripped gas guide shell 220 of heat exchanger components 200 by shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube 150a; Enter into through unstripped gas guide shell 220 in the tubulation of heat exchanger components 200; With a part of thermal change ventilation carrying out heat exchange from beds 400; Unstripped gas after the process heat exchange is after reaching the priming reaction temperature of catalyst, after tubulation entering pressure-bearing shell 100 lower space, again via the round of offering on the reactor internals bracing ring 440 441; Get into the inner wall of pressure-bearing shell 100 and the annular space 412 between the catalyst housing 410; Make between catalyst housing 410 and pressure-bearing shell 100 inner walls and to carry out heat insulationly through the unstripped gas that flows, form a cold wall construction, reduced the tube wall temperature of pressure-bearing shell 100.The unstripped gas that flows is risen by this annular space 412 and is full of the upper space of pressure-bearing shell 100; The unstripped gas beds 400 of flowing through from top to bottom; Under catalyst action, carry out adiabatic transformationreation; The ventilation of thermal change after the adiabatic reaction gets into the shell side of heat exchanger components 200 again through the gas collection hole 421 of catalyst inside casing 420 bottoms, carry out heat exchange with low temperature feedstock gas in the tube side.
The thermal change ventilation of a part is carried out becoming cold conversion gas after the heat exchange with the low temperature feedstock gas in the tubulation; Cold air outlet 161 by outlet refrigerator pipe 210, conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing adapter 160 and shift-converter flows out, and most of thermal change ventilation without inner heat exchange is then directly discharged by export center pipe 300.On the external pipeline of cold air outlet 161, can be provided with a flow control valve (not shown); Can regulate the flow between the cold conversion gas that the thermal change that exports central tube 300 discharges is taken a breath and the cold air outlet 161 of shift-converter flows out like this, reach the purpose of control unstripped gas entering reaction bed temperature.
Referring to Fig. 5; The built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger of this embodiment is an axial-radial flow reactor; Its structure is substantially the same with embodiment 2, and difference only is: catalyst housing 410 is provided with gas dispersion hole 411 radially, makes catalyst housing 410 double as gas distributors.
The operation principle of present embodiment is: low temperature feedstock gas is entered in the unstripped gas guide shell 220 of heat exchanger components 200 by shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube 150a; Enter into through unstripped gas guide shell 220 in the tubulation of heat exchanger components 200; With a part of thermal change ventilation carrying out heat exchange from beds 400; Unstripped gas after the process heat exchange is after reaching the priming reaction temperature of catalyst, after tubulation entering pressure-bearing shell 100 lower space, again via the round of offering on the reactor internals bracing ring 440 441; Get into the inner wall of pressure-bearing shell 100 and the annular space 412 between the catalyst housing 410; Make between catalyst housing 410 and pressure-bearing shell 100 inner walls and to carry out heat insulationly through the unstripped gas that flows, form a cold wall construction, reduced the tube wall temperature of pressure-bearing shell 100.Unstripped gas part in the annular space 412 is risen by this annular space 412 and is full of the upper space of pressure-bearing shell 100; The unstripped gas beds 400 of flowing through from top to bottom; The unstripped gas of another part radially gets into beds 400 by the gas dispersion hole 421 on the catalyst housing 410; Axially and radially enter into the unstripped gas of beds 400; Under catalyst action, carry out adiabatic transformationreation, the ventilation of thermal change after the adiabatic reaction gets into the shell side of heat exchanger components 200 again through the gas collection hole 421 of catalyst inside casing 420 bottoms, carries out heat exchange with low temperature feedstock gas in the tube side.
The thermal change ventilation of a part is carried out becoming cold conversion gas after the heat exchange with the low temperature feedstock gas in the tubulation; Cold air outlet 161 by outlet refrigerator pipe 210, conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing adapter 160 and shift-converter flows out, and most of thermal change ventilation without inner heat exchange is then directly discharged by export center pipe 300.On the external pipeline of cold air outlet 161, can be provided with a flow control valve (not shown); Can regulate the flow between the cold conversion gas that the thermal change that exports central tube 300 discharges is taken a breath and the cold air outlet 161 of shift-converter flows out like this, reach the purpose of control unstripped gas entering reaction bed temperature.
Referring to Fig. 6-9; Downstream heat transmission equipment in these diagrams is according to the design of outlet conversion gas physical parameter and technological process; Can be gas-gas heat exchanger E101, steam superheater E102, waste heat boiler E103 and feedwater preheater E104; Wherein shift-converter R can be old-fashioned shift-converter, also can be embodiment 1 to embodiment 3 described built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger.The vertical layout of shift-converter R, heat transmission equipment horizontal layout in downstream is provided with first in the bottom of shift-converter R and takes over R1, and this first adapter R1 is embodiment 1 and the converter cold air outlet pipe 160 described in the embodiment 2.First takes over R1 is provided with the first connecting flange R2, and this built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R has an export center pipe 300, and this export center pipe 300 passes first and takes over R1.
One end of downstream heat transmission equipment is provided with second and takes over S1; The other end is provided with the spring sliding support S3 that is supported on the basis; Can make an end of downstream heat transmission equipment take over R1 and the support of the first connecting flange R2 tractive like this through the built-in shift-converter R of heat exchanger bottom first; Pass to the bearing 110 of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R to power, can reduce the bending stress at adpting flange place simultaneously through spring fastening.
Second takes over S1 is provided with the second connecting flange S2, and the first connecting flange R2 directly connects with the second connecting flange S2, and export center pipe 300 passes the adapter of second on the heat transmission equipment of downstream S2 and is linked in the bobbin carriage or shell-side cylinder of downstream heat transmission equipment.This access can be that export center pipe 300 directly is inserted in the bobbin carriage or shell-side cylinder of downstream heat transmission equipment (as shown in Figure 7); Also can be as embodiment 2 principles; The bobbin carriage of downstream heat transmission equipment or shell-side cylinder are provided with a heat transmission equipment internal heat gas guide shell, and the export center pipe is connected (as shown in Figure 6) through expansion joint with the internal heat gas guide shell of downstream heat transmission equipment.
Between the first connecting flange R1 and the second connecting flange S2, adopt lip-type seal element RS to seal.Export center pipe 300 and first is taken over R1, the second adapter S1 is a sleeve type structure, and the annular space of taking between the S2 at second on export center pipe 300 and the downstream heat transmission equipment adopts packing box seal.Also can be with the annular space between the adapter of second on export center pipe 300 and the downstream heat transmission equipment S2 as the annular cold air path of reactor feed gas via downstream heat transmission equipment entering built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R, such first adapter R1 and second takes between S1 and the export center pipe 300 and will form a heat insulation structural (as shown in Figure 9).
Referring to Fig. 9, Fig. 9 is the new technological flow sketch of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger according to the invention and the direct connected mode of downstream heat transmission equipment.Wherein adopt two built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R101N and R102N, reactor feed gas is accomplished the conversion of carbon monoxide through two-stage reaction.In the bottom entering built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R101N of inlet unstripped gas 1 from the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R101N upper reaches by built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R101N; At first carry out heat exchange, and then carry out adiabatic transformationreation output high temperature shift gas with reacted thermal change ventilation.Most high temperature shift gas carries out heat exchange by the preheating medium-pressure boiler water that export center pipe 300 gets into waste heat boiler E103 and entering; Reclaim heat; Thermal change ventilation after the heat recovery is got in the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R102N by the bottom of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R102N, carries out the adiabatic transformationreation second time.Middle temperature transformation gas after the transformationreation is for the second time discharged by the export center pipe 300 of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger R102N; Get among the heat transmission equipment E104 of downstream; With medium-pressure boiler feedwater the carrying out heat exchange that gets in the heat transmission equipment E104 of downstream, discharge through pipeline 7 through the cold conversion gas after the heat recovery.Feedwater is sent in the heat transmission equipment E103 of downstream through the medium-pressure boiler after the preheating, carries out pressing saturated vapor in the heat exchange by-product with high temperature shift gas.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; That describes in the foregoing description and the specification just explains principle of the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from spirit and scope of the invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these variations and improvement all fall in the scope of the invention that requires protection.The present invention requires protection domain to be defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (22)
1. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger; The pressure-bearing shell, internals and the catalyst that comprise shift-converter; Said internals comprise heat exchanger components and export center pipe; Said heat exchanger components and export center pipe are arranged in the pressure-bearing shell of said shift-converter, and the interior low temperature feedstock gas of pressure-bearing shell that gets into shift-converter carries out heat exchange through described heat exchanger components and the ventilation of reacted thermal change, after reaching the priming reaction temperature of catalyst; Under catalyst action, carry out adiabatic transformationreation, the thermal change ventilation after the adiabatic reaction is flowed out through the export center pipe; It is characterized in that,
Said internals also comprise interconnective catalyst inside casing and catalyst housing; Said catalyst housing is supported on the inner wall of said pressure-bearing shell through reactor internals bracing ring, between catalyst housing and catalyst inside casing, is filled with catalyst with the beds form; Said heat exchanger components and the thermally coupled of said catalyst inside casing;
Be provided with conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing takes in the bottom of said pressure-bearing shell; One end of said heat exchanger components is provided with the outlet refrigerator pipe; Be connected with the adapter of said conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing, this outlet refrigerator pipe forms the jacket type cold air path structure with the said export center pipe that runs through wherein; Said conversion gas outlet pressure-bearing is taken over the cold air outlet that offers shift-converter; Pass through the jacket type cold air path with low temperature feedstock gas through the cold conversion gas after the heat exchanger components heat exchange; Flowed out by said cold air outlet, most of thermal change ventilation without inner heat exchange is flowed out through the export center pipe.
2. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said heat exchanger components is axially set in the center of said pressure-bearing shell; And parallel with pressure-bearing shell, said beds is arranged on the periphery of said heat exchanger components, and said export center pipe is arranged on the center of said heat exchanger components.
3. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described pressure-bearing shell does not contact with the high temperature shift gas that transformationreation produces, and warm anti-hydrogen steel during pressure-bearing shell adopts need not to adopt stainless steel lining.
4. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; Has an annular space between the inner wall of said catalyst housing and said pressure-bearing shell; Most unstripped gas radially gets into beds through annular space, and heat insulation airflow layer between pressure-bearing shell inner wall and catalyst housing reaches the cold wall construction of pressure-bearing shell.
5. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The extension tube attached of said cold air outlet is provided with a flow control valve; To regulate the flow between the cold conversion gas that the thermal change that exports the central tube discharge is taken a breath and the cold air outlet of shift-converter flows out, regulate the heat output of heat exchanger components, reach the purpose of controlling unstripped gas entering reaction bed temperature.
6. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with shift-converter unstripped gas inlet in the low head side of said pressure-bearing shell, so that unstripped gas is imported in the pressure-bearing shell; Said heat exchanger components is a tubular heat exchanger, walks the low temperature unstripped gas in the tubulation, and tubulation is walked reacted thermal change ventilation outward; Said export center pipe is the center through tubular heat exchanger directly; Said catalyst inside casing is arranged on the outside of tubular heat exchanger; Said catalyst inside casing is provided with gas collection hole radially; Make catalyst inside casing double as gas collector; Through this gas collection hole, the ventilation of reacted thermal change can import outside the tubulation of said tubular heat exchanger in the beds, carries out heat exchange with low temperature feedstock gas in the tubulation; Said catalyst housing is provided with gas dispersion hole radially, makes catalyst housing double as gas distributor; Behind the upper space of the unstripped gas after the heat exchange by tubulation entering pressure-bearing shell; Part unstripped gas is through axially getting into beds; Most of unstripped gas carries out adiabatic transformationreation by the distribution of gas aperture on the catalyst housing to getting into beds again through the annular space between the inner wall of catalyst housing and said pressure-bearing shell.
7. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; At the upper cover top of said pressure-bearing shell one shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube is set, said heat exchanger components is a tubular heat exchanger, walks the low temperature unstripped gas in the tubulation; Tubulation is walked reacted thermal change ventilation outward; Be provided with the unstripped gas guide shell at the top of said tubular heat exchanger, said shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube is communicated with the unstripped gas guide shell at tubular heat exchanger top through expansion joint, directly to import unstripped gas in the tubulation; Said export center pipe directly is arranged at the center of tubular heat exchanger; Said catalyst inside casing is provided with gas collection hole radially; Make catalyst inside casing double as gas collector; Through this gas collection hole, the ventilation of reacted thermal change can import outside the tubulation of said tubular heat exchanger in the beds, carries out heat exchange with low temperature feedstock gas in the tubulation; After unstripped gas is heated to initial reaction temperature, get into the pressure-bearing shell lower space.
8. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, said reactor internals bracing ring is provided with round; Unstripped gas gets into the inner wall of said pressure-bearing shell and the annular space between the said catalyst housing from the pressure-bearing shell lower space via this round, forms heat insulation airflow layer, reaches the cold wall construction of pressure-bearing shell.
9. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, distribution of gas hole radially can be set on said catalyst housing, makes catalyst housing double as gas distributor; Part unstripped gas gets into the upper space of pressure-bearing shell from said annular space; Get into beds vertically; Most of unstripped gas is via the round of offering on the reactor internals bracing ring; Get into the inner wall of said pressure-bearing shell and the annular space between the said catalyst housing, carry out adiabatic transformationreation to getting into beds through the gas dispersion aperture on the catalyst housing.
10. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Be provided with the catalyst discharge duct in the bottom of said beds, and be provided with the catalyst discharge port, on the said catalyst discharge port discharge port cover plate is installed in the bottom of said pressure-bearing shell; Said catalyst discharge duct inserts in the said catalyst discharge port, to rely on gravity dumping.
11. built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger comprises go into operation a heat air inlet, and the said heat air inlet that goes into operation is arranged on the top of said pressure-bearing shell.
12. like claim 7 or 9 described built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger; It is characterized in that; Described built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger also comprises go into operation a heat air inlet, and the said heat air inlet that goes into operation is arranged on the pipeline of shift-converter unstripped gas inlet tube.
13. the direct coupled structure of described shift-converter of claim 1 and downstream heat transmission equipment comprises direct-connected shift-converter and downstream heat transmission equipment, it is characterized in that the vertical layout of said shift-converter, the horizontal layout of said downstream heat transmission equipment.
14. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, said shift-converter is a built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger.
15. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 14; It is characterized in that; Being provided with first in the bottom of said built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger takes over; Said first adapter is provided with first connecting flange, and this built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger has an export center pipe, and this export center pipe passes said first and takes over; Said downstream heat transmission equipment is provided with second and takes over; Said second adapter is provided with second connecting flange; Said first connecting flange directly connects with second connecting flange, and said export center pipe passes second on the heat transmission equipment of said downstream and is linked in the bobbin carriage or shell-side cylinder of downstream heat transmission equipment.
16. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, said access is meant that said export center pipe directly is inserted in the bobbin carriage or shell-side cylinder of downstream heat transmission equipment; Or the bobbin carriage of downstream heat transmission equipment or shell-side cylinder be provided with a heat transmission equipment internal heat gas guide shell, and said export center pipe is connected with said heat transmission equipment internal heat gas guide shell through expansion joint.
17. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, adopts the lip-type seal element to seal between said first connecting flange and second connecting flange.
18. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 15; It is characterized in that; Said export center pipe and said first is taken over, second adapter is sleeve type structure, and the annular space between second adapter on adapter of first on said export center pipe and the built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and the downstream heat transmission equipment.
19. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, the cold conversion gas of the heat exchanger exit passage UNICOM that described annular space and built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger are inner is to see cold conversion gas off; Annular space between on said export center pipe and the downstream heat transmission equipment second taken over adopts packing box seal.
20. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 18; It is characterized in that; The quiet connection of low temperature feedstock headroom that described annular space is inner with built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger is as the annular cold air path of reactor feed gas via downstream heat transmission equipment entering built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger.
21. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, said second takes over the end be arranged at said downstream heat transmission equipment, through with the stay bolt of the direct-connected formation of built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger for heat transmission equipment; The other end of heat exchanger is provided with the spring sliding support that is supported on the basis.
22. direct coupled structure as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, said downstream heat transmission equipment is a kind of in the hot device of waste heat boiler, steam copper, gas-gas heat exchanger, the feedwater preheater.
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| CN200910056717A CN101703910B (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2009-08-20 | Built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and direction connection structure for shift reactor and downstream heat exchanging equipment |
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| CN200910056717A CN101703910B (en) | 2009-08-20 | 2009-08-20 | Built-in cold wall type shift reactor for heat exchanger and direction connection structure for shift reactor and downstream heat exchanging equipment |
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| CN103877852A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-25 | 江苏康尔臭氧有限公司 | Ozone decomposition method and apparatus thereof |
| CN105457563B (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2020-03-13 | 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 | Isothermal shift reactor with built-in tube bundle |
| CN104534453B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-11-23 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | A kind of cold wall type High Temperature High Pressure superheater |
| CN108393044B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2023-10-27 | 南京聚拓化工科技有限公司 | Combined heat exchange radial methanol reactor and methanol synthesis process |
| CN108421506B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2023-11-28 | 中石化宁波工程有限公司 | Energy-saving radial reactor suitable for strong exothermic reaction |
| CN109279574B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2022-03-22 | 中石化宁波工程有限公司 | Heat insulation and isothermal CO conversion process matched with coal water slurry gasification |
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