CN107114469A - 一种肉桂提取物及其纳米制剂 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
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-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明属于食品保鲜剂领域,提供了一种肉桂提取物及其纳米制剂,并成功将其应用于鲜切果蔬保鲜中。本发明是采用肉桂为原料,正己烷为溶剂,亚临界提取方法获得肉桂提取物,再以吐温‑80为表面活性剂,通过高速、高压均质制备纳米制剂。该肉桂提取物纳米制剂既可以充分发挥肉桂中诸多低极性成分良好抑菌特性,又可以基本掩盖肉桂特殊风味,且具有优异的水溶性,该制剂用于鲜切果蔬保鲜,可有效提高货架期。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品保鲜剂领域,具体涉及一种肉桂提取物及其纳米制剂的制备方法以及在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用。
背景技术
肉桂作为我国日常饮食中重要的香辛料,由于其具有良好的抑菌、抗氧化、消炎等特殊营养保健功效及独特风味,在中医学、烹饪中得到广泛应用。
肉桂低极性成分相较于高极性成分具有更好的抗细菌以及真菌活性,将其作为天然抗菌剂应用于食品加工业,既可以有效降低食源性致病微生物污染,同时减少合成或半合成抗菌化合物的使用。但是,由于肉桂低极性成分的一些特性如低水溶性、高挥发性、气味强烈、化学性质不稳定等限制了其在食品和饮料工业中的应用。
如何将肉桂低极性类油相化合物增加水溶性,并且保持其物理和化学性质的稳定性是目前面临的一大挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对目前鲜切蔬菜发展迅速、使用的保鲜剂大多为化学合成、存在安全隐患的问题,为提升鲜切蔬菜安全水平,本发明提供了一种肉桂提取物。
本发明还有一个目的是提供该肉桂提取物制成的纳米制剂。本发明肉桂提取物纳米制剂,成功应用于鲜切蔬菜的保鲜中,有效提高货架期。
本发明的目地是这样实现的:
一种肉桂提取物,该肉桂提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的:取肉桂,粉碎,过筛,正己烷作为溶剂进行亚临界提取,液料比为1:1~3:1,亚临界提取温度为25~45℃,提取时间为30~60min,提取压力为18~22MPa,减压浓缩去除正己烷。优选亚临界提取温度为40℃,提取时间为45min,提取压力为20MPa。优选肉桂原料过50目筛。
所用肉桂优选为企边桂(Cinnamomumloureiroi)或中国肉桂。肉桂提取物中含有40~65%的肉桂醛,10~25%的古巴烯,以及2~10%的肉桂二甲缩醛、杜松烯和依兰油烯,其他紫穗槐烯、香豆素、甜旗烯等也有存在。
肉桂提取物与食品和饮料工业中可接受的辅料制成制剂,所述的制剂优选为肉桂提取物纳米制剂。
上述肉桂提取物纳米制剂是通过以下方法制成的:将肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水采用高速7000~10000rpm条件下均质1~5min后,高压50~100MPa均质循环5次形成水包油纳米制剂;优选将肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水采用高速8500rpm均质2min后,高压75MPa均质循环5次形成水包油纳米制剂。其中,肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水的重量比例为1:0.50~3:16~18.50,优选肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水的重量比例为1:0.50:18.50。上述肉桂提取物纳米制剂中采用的表面活性剂优选为吐温-80。
本发明将肉桂提取物加入表面活性剂及水,高速搅拌器均质后,采用高压均质器均质成纳米乳液,检测纳米粒径的形成及稳定性,并优化组分的选择及纳米乳液形成的条件。发明人通过大量的创造性劳动对提取物、吐温及水不同配比、高压循环次数、不同压力进行优化,获得多个粒径在20-100nm之间的纳米乳液样本数,对获得纳米乳液样本进行热动力学稳定性实验,首先冷热循环,纳米乳液置于4℃环境中48h后,置于45℃环境中48h,重复循环3次,得到16个纳米乳液样品依然稳定;然后将16个样品置于离心机中4500rpm离心20min,依然有11个样品稳定,最后将样品置于-21℃环境中48h后,再置于25℃环境中48h,仍有3个样品稳定。综合考虑配比、循环次数、压力等因素,以活性剂较少为主要选择因素,最终选取提取物:吐温:水为1:0.50~3:16~18.50,优选取提取物:吐温-80:水为1:0.50:18.50。
本发明肉桂提取物纳米制剂特别适用于鲜切果蔬保鲜。将新鲜蔬菜或水果进行整理、切分、清洗处理后,喷上0.1~2%的肉桂提取物纳米制剂后包装,鲜切蔬菜或水果保持生鲜状态时间延长2-4天。
本发明水包油纳米乳液是疏水化合物非常有效的扩散体系,该体系将疏水化合物作为胶质扩散。纳米化后类脂活性成分水溶性增加,气味降低,不易降解、氧化或与食品成分反应。
本发明的优点在于:正己烷为溶剂采用亚临界方法提取,获得大量肉桂提取物低极性成分且溶剂易挥发残留少,肉桂提取物制备纳米制剂后其水溶性以及抑菌效果均有增强,其特殊气味显著减淡。肉桂提取物纳米制剂作为保鲜剂在鲜切果蔬、鲜活果蔬、加工食品等均可使用。本发明肉桂提取物纳米制剂在鲜切蔬菜保鲜中应用,可提高货架期2-4天。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明进行进一步解释说明:
实施例1不同肉桂不同极性溶剂亚临界方法提取
选取产量较大、使用范围较广的四种肉桂:中国肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia)、企边桂(Cinnamomumloureiroi)、川桂(Cinnamomumwilsonii Gamble)以及阴香(Cinnamomumburmanni),粉碎过50目筛,从预实验中多种溶剂中选出低极性溶剂正己烷以及高极性溶剂乙醇作为溶剂提取,正己烷溶剂亚临界提取温度为40℃,提取时间为45min,液料比为1:1~3:1;乙醇溶剂亚临界提取温度为150℃,提取时间为1h,液料比为10:1~20:1。提取结束后采用减压浓缩技术去除溶剂。获得八种提取产物。八种提取产物的产率(所获得的提取物的重量与肉桂重量比值)如下表:
表1不同肉桂及溶剂提取产物产率
实施例2肉桂不同提取产物抗菌活性筛选
选取包括革兰氏阳性以及阴性的食源性病原菌四种,单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella anatum)开展肉桂提取物抗菌特性筛选。采用抑菌圈方式对提取物进行筛选,制作直径6m m的圆滤纸片,灭菌,将各种待测菌悬液各取100μL在相应固体培养基上均匀涂布,制成含菌平皿。放入浸泡过提取物溶液的滤纸片。置培养箱中培养18h。选取抑菌圈比较明显的平皿测定抑菌圈直径,结果取3次重复的平均值。
表2不同肉桂提取产物抑菌活性
由结果可知,正丁烷提取物的抑菌效果远优于乙醇提取物。其中中国肉桂以及企边桂两种肉桂的正丁烷提取物杀菌效果较另两种好。选取企边桂与中国肉桂正丁烷提取物进行纳米制剂制备。
实施例3肉桂正己烷提取物的制备
企边桂正己烷提取物:取企边桂,粉碎,过50目筛,正己烷作为溶剂,采用亚临界萃取装置进行亚临界提取,液料比为2:1,亚临界提取温度为40℃,提取时间为45min,提取压力为20MPa,减压浓缩去除正己烷。
中国肉桂正己烷提取物:取中国肉桂,粉碎,过50目筛,正己烷作为溶剂,采用亚临界萃取装置进行亚临界提取,液料比为2:1,亚临界提取温度为40℃,提取时间为45min,提取压力为20MPa,减压浓缩去除正己烷。
实施例4肉桂正己烷提取物成分分析鉴定
将实施例3的肉桂正己烷提取物采用气相色谱-质谱联用进行分析鉴定,气相色谱-质谱联用方法优化如下:进样器温度:260℃,进样模式:Splitless mode,分离柱:HP5-MS(60m x0.25mm,0.25μ),载气:Helium,流速:1mL/min,柱温:75℃to 190℃at the rateof 10℃/min,then to 280℃at the rate of 20℃/min,held for 5min,离子源温度:200℃,扫描范围:m/z 40to 450。肉桂正已烷提取物的主要成份分析如下:
表3企边桂正己烷提取物主要成分组成
表4中国肉桂正己烷提取物主要成分组成
实施例5肉桂正己烷提取物纳米制剂制备
取实施例3方法制备得到的企边桂正己烷提取物和中国肉桂正己烷提取物分别与吐温-80、水按照1:0.50:18.50的重量比例混合,采用均质机通过高速8500rpm均质2min后,再在高压75MPa条件下均质循环5次形成水包油纳米制剂。
所获企边桂提取物纳米制剂平均粒径为68nm,多分散系数0.142,折射指数1.333,pH4.12,电导率0.169mS。
所获中国肉桂提取物纳米制剂平均粒径为70nm,多分散系数0.144,折射指数1.337,pH 4.10,电导率0.167mS。
这两种纳米制剂热力学稳定性实验结果较好,经历25℃环境中保持24h后置于4℃环境中保持24h,3个循环后4500rpm离心2min,依然呈纳米状态,平均粒径,多分散系数与实验之前相近似,性质稳定。
实施例6肉桂正己烷提取物纳米制剂与肉桂正己烷提取物抗菌活性对比
按照实施例5方法制备的肉桂正己烷提取物纳米制剂按照实施例2开展抑菌实验。抑菌圈实验结果表明:纳米制剂相较提取物原液来讲,杀菌效果得到了明显提高,且企边肉桂纳米制剂提高效果明显,超过了中国肉桂提取物的纳米制剂
表5肉桂提取物纳米制剂与肉桂提取物抗菌活性对比
实施例7肉桂提取物纳米制剂0.1%、0.5%以及2.0%浓度在鲜切生菜中应用
按照实施例5方法制备的企边桂提取物纳米制剂按照0.1%、0.5%以及2.0%的浓度分别溶于纯净水中,形成保鲜溶液。将生菜整理、切分、清洗后分为四组,三组作为纳米制剂处理组,浸入不同浓度保鲜溶液浸泡2min,脱水,包装;另一组作为对照组浸入纯净水浸泡2min,脱水,包装。每间隔1天测定失重率、维生素C、黄化率,结果分别见表6~8。
表6
表7
表8
由表5~7的试验结果可见:采用肉桂提取物纳米制剂处理鲜切生菜,与对照相比,失重率、维生素C含量以及黄化率均得到了明显改善。基于平均效果和节约成本考虑,选择0.5%企边肉桂提取物纳米制剂作为鲜切生菜保鲜最佳浓度。肉桂提取物纳米制剂与对照相比,货架期约可提高至少2-4天。
Claims (10)
1.一种肉桂提取物,其特征在于该肉桂提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的:取肉桂,粉碎,过筛,正己烷作为溶剂进行亚临界提取,液料比为1:1~3:1,亚临界提取温度为25~45℃,提取时间为30~60min,提取压力为18~22MPa,减压浓缩去除正己烷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肉桂提取物,其特征在于所用肉桂为企边桂或中国肉桂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的肉桂提取物,其特征在于肉桂提取物中含有40~65%的肉桂醛,10~25%的古巴烯,以及2~10%的肉桂二甲缩醛、杜松烯和依兰油烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的肉桂提取物,其特征在于肉桂提取物与食品和饮料工业中可接受的辅料制成制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的肉桂提取物,其特征在于所述的制剂为肉桂提取物纳米制剂。
6.一种肉桂提取物纳米制剂,其特征在于通过以下方法制成:将肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水在7000~10000rpm条件下均质1~5min后,高压50~100MPa均质循环5次形成水包油纳米制剂;其中,肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水的重量比例为1:0.50~3:16~18.50。
7.根据权利要求6所述的肉桂提取物纳米制剂,其特征在于肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水的重量比例为1:0.50:18.50。
8.根据权利要求6所述的肉桂提取物纳米制剂,其特征在于将肉桂提取物、表面活性剂和水采用在8500rpm条件下均质2min后,高压75MPa均质循环5次形成水包油纳米制剂。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的肉桂提取物纳米制剂,其特征在于表面活性剂为吐温-80。
10.肉桂提取物纳米制剂在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用。
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