CN107110259B - 用于商用车的盘式制动器 - Google Patents

用于商用车的盘式制动器 Download PDF

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CN107110259B
CN107110259B CN201580071867.9A CN201580071867A CN107110259B CN 107110259 B CN107110259 B CN 107110259B CN 201580071867 A CN201580071867 A CN 201580071867A CN 107110259 B CN107110259 B CN 107110259B
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slide bushing
disk brake
caliper
guide rod
hole
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CN107110259A (zh
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A·阿森
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/22655Constructional details of guide pins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/227Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/005Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0068Brake calipers
    • F16D65/0075Brake calipers assembled from a plurality of parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/005Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0087Brake housing guide members, e.g. caliper pins; Accessories therefor, e.g. dust boots
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0034Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
    • F16D2200/0056Elastomers

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于商用车的盘式制动器,其包括骑跨制动盘(3)的制动钳(2),该制动钳通过两个分别设置在制动钳的一个孔中的并构成为滑动轴承的固定元件相对于制动盘沿轴向可移动地保持在位置固定的制动器支架(1)上,这两个固定元件中的一个固定元件构成为固定轴承(4)、而另一个固定元件构成为浮动轴承(5),浮动轴承具有由塑料制成的滑动衬套(7),在该滑动衬套中支承有与制动器支架相连的导杆(6),所述盘式制动器这样构成,即,滑动衬套防移动地保持在导杆上并且贴靠在制动钳侧的孔的壁上,滑动衬套相对于导杆沿径向伸出,在滑动衬套的两个彼此相反的端部区域内分别一体成型有至少一个环绕的密封唇,密封唇贴靠在孔的壁上。

Description

用于商用车的盘式制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于商用车的盘式制动器。
背景技术
同类型的盘式制动器的也称为滑动钳的制动钳借助固定元件保持在车辆侧的、即位置固定的制动器支架上。
为此,导杆特别是通过螺钉固定在制动器支架上,这些螺钉另一方面在制动钳的滑动轴承中被这样引导,使得该制动钳相对于防转动地保持在车轴上的制动盘在制动时能沿轴向移动。
滑动轴承之一构成为具有小的滑动间隙的固定轴承并且用于在主轴中沿轴向引导制动钳,其中,轴承间隙保持尽可能小。
而另一滑动轴承作为浮动轴承由功能决定地具有较大的轴承间隙,因为除了沿轴向引导外也要考虑公差补偿以及热膨胀。
由于较大的轴承间隙,在行驶运行中可能产生嘎嘎噪声,为了防止或衰减该嘎嘎噪声在已知的盘式制动器中应用由塑料、特别是弹性体制成的滑动衬套,在该滑动衬套中沿轴向可移动地支承有导杆。
该滑动衬套防移动地保持在由金属、通常由钢板制成的轴承套筒中,该轴承套筒压入制动钳的孔中并且由此摩擦锁合地保持在其中,其中,滑动衬套和轴承套筒是导向衬套的组成部分。
为了在将导向衬套压入制动钳的孔中时限制推入,应用止挡环作为导向衬套的另外的元件,该止挡环贴靠在制动钳的孔的凸肩上。此外,止挡环通过限制缓冲行程来保护滑动衬套以防被损坏,由此通过导向衬套的挡靠避免损坏钳侧的孔。
不过,导向衬套的提供及其装配只能以巨大的耗费实现,仅仅由于基本上由所述金属轴承套筒、与之连接的由塑料制成的滑动衬套以及所述止挡环组成的导向衬套的比较多的组成部分,产生高的生产成本。
为了为导向衬套获得压合座并且因而确保在制动钳中防止移动,需要比较精确地加工轴承套筒以及制动钳侧的孔。
孔的所提到的凸肩(止挡环贴靠在该凸肩上)同样只能以相应的生产耗费制造,这就是说,孔必须构成为阶梯孔。
导向衬套的装配在其成本方面也不符合对于成本优化的加工的预设规定。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,这样进一步开发同类型的盘式制动器,使得该盘式制动器在设计上得到简化并且该盘式制动器的制造和装配更简单并且因而成本更低。
所述任务通过一种具有如下所述特征的盘式制动器来实现。按照本发明的用于商用车的盘式制动器包括骑跨制动盘的制动钳,该制动钳通过两个分别设置在制动钳的一个孔中的并且构成为滑动轴承的固定元件相对于制动盘沿轴向可移动地保持在位置固定的制动器支架上,这两个固定元件中的一个固定元件构成为固定轴承、而另一个固定元件构成为浮动轴承,其中,浮动轴承具有由塑料、尤其是弹性体制成的滑动衬套,在该滑动衬套中支承有与制动器支架相连接的导杆,所述盘式制动器的特征在于,所述滑动衬套防移动地保持在导杆上并且贴靠在制动钳侧的孔的壁上,其中,滑动衬套相对于导杆沿径向伸出,在所述滑动衬套的两个彼此相反的端部区域内分别一体成型有至少一个环绕的密封唇,所述密封唇贴靠在孔的壁上。
通过本发明可以完全放弃提供导向衬套。取而代之,对于浮动轴承典型的任务所需的滑动衬套可以说是导杆的组成部分,由此得到一整系列的优点。
这首先包括浮动轴承的简化的制造,因为基本上仅须制造导杆以及防移动地保持在其上的滑动衬套。
这优选通过用塑料环绕注塑导杆以构成滑动衬套来实现,其中,根据本发明的一种进一步改进方案,导杆具有环绕的凹槽,该凹槽的宽度等于滑动衬套的所希望的宽度。限定凹槽侧向边界的壁形成用于防止移动的止挡,但同时用作防止挤压滑动衬套的防护结构。
优选地,所述滑动衬套在端侧贴靠在凹槽的壁上。
优选地,为了构成所述滑动衬套,所述导杆被用塑料环绕注塑。
根据另一构思,在滑动衬套的外侧上设有油脂凹槽,这些油脂凹槽优选以已知的方式倾斜地延伸并且用于容纳油脂,以便能实现制动钳在滑动衬套上低摩擦地移动。
优选地,所述油脂凹槽相对于滑动衬套的中轴线倾斜地延伸。
优选地,所述油脂凹槽彼此间以相等的距离设置。
油脂凹槽在端侧由至少一个周向的密封唇限定边界,这就是说,在端侧是封闭的,通过所述密封唇一方面防止油脂出来并且另一方面保护油脂凹槽以防污物侵入。
优选地,设有多个彼此并排的环绕的密封唇。
除了浮动轴承的极其经济的制造之外(制动钳侧的孔的明显更简单的加工也属于所述制造),特别是因为不再必须遵守窄的公差,所以同样浮动轴承的装配耗费总体上也明显降低,这就是说,浮动轴承的装配可以在很短的时间内完成。对此有帮助的主要是:仅须将导杆连同集成的滑动衬套推入制动钳侧的孔中或者说仅须将制动钳推套到已经与制动器支架连接的导杆上。
总而言之,本发明导致在制造盘式制动器时可观的成本节省。在此,如在根据现有技术的盘式制动器中给出的功能性得以完全保持。
通过滑动衬套按照本发明相对于导杆沿径向伸出,分配给浮动轴承的任务即使在新的浮动轴承中也不受限制地得到满足。这特别是包括避免嘎嘎噪声,因为滑动衬套缓冲出现的振动并且防止导杆挡靠在制动钳侧的孔的壁上。
此外,通过滑动衬套也吸收在新配置下由生产引起的公差,从而装备有滑动衬套的导杆承担浮动轴承的完全的并且不受限制的功能。
滑动衬套的宽度可自由选择并且仅仅通过规定充分贴靠在制动钳侧的孔的壁上来确定,该贴靠又由充分的功能性来确定。
附图说明
下面依据附图描述本发明的实施例。
图中:
图1示出盘式制动器的示意性的俯视图,
图2示出盘式制动器一部分的分解图,
图3示出盘式制动器一个局部的剖开的侧视图,
图4示出与图3中的标记“B”相应的放大局部,
图5示出盘式制动器一部分的不同视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出用于商用车的盘式制动器,该盘式制动器在其基本构造方面具有制动钳2,该制动钳包围制动盘3,该制动盘防转动地固定在商用车的未示出的轴上。
制动钳2相对于制动盘3沿轴向可移动地设置在商用车的位置固定的制动器支架1上。
设有两个固定元件,这两个固定元件分别具有一个与制动器支架1相连接的导杆6,该导杆借助未示出的螺钉固定在制动器支架1上。在此,一个固定元件构成为固定轴承4,而另一个固定元件构成为浮动轴承5。
为了支承导杆6,也就是说为了沿轴向引导制动钳2,浮动轴承5具有由塑料、优选弹性体制成的滑动衬套7,该滑动衬套按照本发明防移动地保持在导杆6上,如这可在图2中特别清楚地看出。该图示出紧在装配之前的导杆6连同滑动衬套7。
在图3和4中示出制动钳2和装配的导杆6的一部分的局部视图。其中可看出,滑动衬套7沿径向相对于导杆6伸出并且贴靠在制动钳侧的孔9的壁上。
为了防止滑动衬套7在导杆6上沿轴向移动(该导杆还具有用于容纳用以与制动器支架1连接的所述螺钉的阶梯孔11),在导杆6的周壁中引入周向的凹槽12,滑动衬套7支撑在该凹槽的壁上。
分别作为细节,一方面在图5b)中绘出了导杆6,并且另一方面在图5c)中绘出了滑动衬套7,而图5a)示出了导杆6连同安装上的滑动衬套7。
在图4中可清楚地看出,滑动衬套7在其朝向孔9的壁的外侧上具有多个油脂凹槽10,这些油脂凹槽相对于滑动衬套7的中轴线倾斜延伸。在此,这些油脂凹槽10均匀地分布在圆周上。
油脂凹槽10在端侧通过环绕的密封唇8封闭,在每侧彼此并排地一体成型有这些密封唇中的多个密封唇。
这些密封唇8不仅用于防止油脂从油脂凹槽10中出来,而且用于密封所述油脂凹槽以避免污物进入。
如已经提到的那样,滑动衬套7适宜地通过在凹槽12的区域内环绕注塑导杆6来制造。

Claims (10)

1.用于商用车的盘式制动器,包括骑跨制动盘(3)的制动钳(2),该制动钳通过两个分别设置在制动钳(2)的一个孔(9)中的并且构成为滑动轴承的固定元件相对于制动盘(3)沿轴向可移动地保持在位置固定的制动器支架(1)上,这两个固定元件中的一个固定元件构成为固定轴承(4)、而另一个固定元件构成为浮动轴承(5),其中,浮动轴承(5)具有由塑料制成的滑动衬套(7),在该滑动衬套中支承有与制动器支架(1)相连接的导杆(6),其特征在于,所述滑动衬套(7)防移动地保持在导杆(6)上并且贴靠在制动钳侧的孔(9)的壁上,其中,滑动衬套(7)相对于导杆(6)沿径向伸出,在所述滑动衬套(7)的两个彼此相反的端部区域内分别一体成型有至少一个环绕的密封唇(8),所述密封唇贴靠在孔(9)的壁上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述导杆(6)具有周向的凹槽(12),在该凹槽中置入所述滑动衬套(7)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述滑动衬套(7)在端侧贴靠在凹槽(12)的壁上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,为了构成所述滑动衬套(7),所述导杆(6)被用塑料环绕注塑。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述滑动衬套(7)在其朝向孔(9)的外侧上设有油脂凹槽(10)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述油脂凹槽(10)相对于滑动衬套(7)的中轴线倾斜地延伸。
7.根据权利要求5所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述油脂凹槽(10)彼此间以相等的距离设置。
8.根据权利要求5所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述油脂凹槽(10)在端侧是封闭的。
9.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,所述滑动衬套(7)由弹性体制成。
10.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,设有多个彼此并排的环绕的密封唇(8)。
CN201580071867.9A 2014-12-19 2015-12-17 用于商用车的盘式制动器 Expired - Fee Related CN107110259B (zh)

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