CN107109980A - 气隙隔离的消声器 - Google Patents
气隙隔离的消声器 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/082—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
- F01N13/141—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings
- F01N13/143—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings with air filling the space between both walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
- F01N2260/02—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
- F01N2260/022—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
- F01N2260/20—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for heat or sound protection, e.g. using a shield or specially shaped outer surface of exhaust device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
- F01N2270/08—Mixing air with exhaust gases for evacuation of exhaust gases, e.g. in tail-pipes
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的排气设备的消声器、尤其后消声器,所述消声器具有消声器壳体,消声器壳体具有废气进入管,废气经由废气进入管流入消声器壳体,并且消声器壳体具有废气排出管,废气经由废气排出管从消声器壳体流出,其中,消声器壳体的至少一部分或者整个消声器壳体由外套壳体包围,其中,在消声器壳体与外套壳体之间设有气隙。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于车辆的排气设备的消声器、尤其后消声器
背景技术
在传统轿车中,车身通常由钢或者轻型结构材料、例如铝制成。在轻型结构中的新发展能够实现更多的重量节省,通过使用碳纤维增强的塑料。该材料是复合材料,该复合材料的各个材料成分借助树脂粘结材料相连。
相对于传统金属材料,塑料虽然具有显著的重量优点,然而在其热运行范围方面仅可受限地应用。根据使用的树脂,碳纤维增强的塑料构件已经需确保温度处在80℃到120℃之间。尤其,紧邻内燃机或者另外的强加热的构件(例如排气系统、催化器、后消声器、排气管等)的构件必须在热学方面充分考虑地来设计。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种消声器、尤其后消声器,其设计成可被布置得相对接近对热敏感的构件。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征来实现。在从属权利要求中可得知本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案。
本发明的出发点是一种用于车辆的排气设备的消声器、尤其后消声器。消声器具有消声器壳体。废气进入管通入到消声器壳体中,废气可经由废气进入管流入消声器壳体。废气可经由消声器的废气排出管从消声器壳体流出。
本发明的中心思想在于,消声器壳体的至少一部分或者整个消声器壳体由外套壳体包围,其中,在消声器壳体与外套壳体之间设有气隙。气隙构成热隔离层,这使得外套壳体的表面温度明显低于消声器壳体的温度。由此,消声器可放置得非常接近热敏感的构件,例如车辆的纤维增强的塑料构件。
消声器壳体和/或外套壳体可由钢、尤其不锈钢、钛合金或另一耐热的金属材料制成。
根据本发明,外套壳体通过间隔保持件与消声器壳体保持间隔开。间隔保持件确保,在消声器壳体与外套壳体之间保留气隙。例如可设置成,外套壳体与消声器壳体间隔开0.3cm至2.0cm之间的距离。亦或气隙所处的范围可更小并且例如处于0.8cm与1.2cm之间。
根据本发明的一种改进方案,外套壳体具有用于新鲜空气的入口。经由入口,冷的周围环境空气可流入外套壳体中。优选所述入口这样来设计,使得拦截或捕获尽可能多的新鲜空气并且使新鲜空气流入外套壳体中。入口例如可设计成例如漏斗形或扇形或呈空气导向叶片的形状,由此确保,在车辆行驶的情况下导入足够大的新鲜空气体积流到气隙中。
为了确保,即使在车辆静止的情况下也有足够大的空气体积流流入到外套壳体中,可设有鼓风机,所述鼓风机将新鲜空气从周围环境经由用于新鲜空气的入口输送或吹入到外套壳体中。
为了实现尽可能好的空气循环和因此尽可能好的冷却效果,外套壳体可具有空气出口,由消声器壳体加热的空气可经由空气出口从外套壳体流到周围环境中。
根据本发明可规定,消声器的废气排出管在外套壳体的空气出口之前至少一段距离处终止、即在外套壳体内部终止。通过经由废气排出管从消声器流出的废气产生喷射泵作用(Saugstrahlpumpeneffekt),该喷射泵作用将经加热的空气从在消声器壳体与外套壳体之间的气隙经由外套壳体的空气出口输送到周围环境中。通过喷射泵作用实现了相对大的冷空气体积流,使得相对高的热效率能够被从消声器壳体到周围环境中输出,可确切地说尽可能与车辆的速度无关。即,喷射泵作用首先仅取决于废气体积流量、而不直接取决于车辆的速度。
外套壳体可在废气排出管的区域中设计成管状并且同轴于废气排出管布置。废气排出管如上文已表示的那样在外套壳体的管状区段之内终止,由此产生了本发明典型的喷射泵作用。
当然,本发明的内容不仅是消声器或后消声器,而且也是具有排气设备的车辆,该排气设备具有这种消声器。
为了确保,即使车辆静止的情况下或者在(热的)内燃机停止之后也充分地冷却还热的消声器,可设有通风装置,通风装置将新鲜空气从周围环境经由用于新鲜空气的入口输送或吹入到外套壳体中。通风装置或鼓风机当然可根据需求来控制或调节。为此,消声器壳体的温度和/或在气隙中的空气的温度和/或外套壳体的温度可被测量或以其他方式获得。在超过预设的消声器壳体和/或处于气隙中的空气和/或外套壳体的温度的情况下,可接通通风设备或将通风设备调节到足够的转速。
根据本发明的消声器可沿横向或纵向安装在车辆中,在横向安装的情况下,消声器的纵向方向平行于车辆的横向方向或垂直于车辆的纵向方向延伸。在纵向安装的情况下,消声器的纵向方向平行于车辆的纵向方向延伸。
在试验车辆中,消声器安装在车辆的前车厢区域中。但原则上,消声器也可布置在车辆的底部区域或后车厢区域中。
上面提及的试验车辆具有同样布置在前车厢区域中的内燃机。试验车辆的整个排气装置同样布置在前车厢区域中并且因此消声器也布置在前车厢区域中。外套壳体的空气出口位于试验车辆的前轮之前。废气因此同样在前轮之前在侧面从外套壳体流出并且因此横向于前轮从外套壳体或从消声器流出。
根据本发明的消声器可布置得很接近,即距离“热敏感构件”、例如碳纤维增强塑料构件仅间隔几厘米,例如少于10厘米,尤其少于5厘米、尤其少于4厘米、尤其少于3厘米、尤其少于2厘米、尤其少于1厘米。
在上文提及的试验车辆中,根据本发明的消声器布置在由碳纤维增强塑料制成的、基本上水平地布置在前车厢区域中的分隔壁下方、即布置在上部的前车厢区域下方。在试验车辆中,消声器布置在前轮的区域中或几乎布置在前轮之前。
在试验车辆中,沿车辆的行驶方向观察,在消声器壳体之前布置有通风装置,该通风装置可以由一个或者数个风扇构成。
此外,在试验车辆中,沿车辆的行驶方向观察,在消声器壳体之前和/或在通风装置之前布置有车辆的制冷剂循环的空气/制冷剂热交换器,经由该空气/制冷剂热交换器,热量可以从制冷剂循环输出到周围环境空气。空气/制冷剂热交换器可以例如是所谓的低温热交换器,该低温热交换器输出车辆电机、例如车辆的电驱动电机的废热或功率电器件的废热。
作为空气/制冷剂热交换器的备选或者补充,可以在该区域中、即沿车辆的行驶方向观察在消声器壳体之前和/或在通风装置之前设置有(高温)冷却器,该(高温)冷却器联接到车辆内燃机的制冷剂循环上。
根据本发明的一种改进方案,外套壳体包覆有阻隔材料,由此,表面温度会再次明显下降。阻隔材料可以此外包覆有金属膜,这使得进一步显著减少辐射热和因此减少表面温度。
试验显示,借助根据本发明的消声器可行的是,排气设备对其周围构件的“热影响”减少了直至500℃。因此可行的是,整个排气设备布置在车辆的前车厢区域中并且同时围绕排气装置构件的温度同时保持在相应允许的运行温度区域之内。
附图说明
接下来详细阐述本发明。附图如下:
图1、图2以示意图示出了本发明的基本原理;以及
图3示出了通过车辆的前车厢区域的截面,在其中布置有根据本发明的后消声器。
具体实施方式
图1示出了后消声器1,其横向布置在此处未示出的车辆中。“横向”意味着,后消声器1的纵向方向2横向于或者基本上垂直于由箭头3表示的车辆的行驶方向。箭头3因此基本上平行于车辆的纵向方向。
消声器1具有废气进入管4,废气可经由该废气进入管流入消声器1的壳体1a中。“消声器壳体”1a还具有废气流出管5,废气可经由该废气流出管流出消声器1。
如从图1可见的那样,整个消声器壳体1a由外套壳体6包围。外套壳体6布置成与消声器壳体1a间隔一段距离,由此在外套壳体6与消声器壳体1a之间产生气隙7。气隙例如可处于0.3cm与2.0cm之间的范围中,尤其处于0.8cm与1.2cm之间的范围中。通过气隙产生热隔离。外套壳体6的表面温度因此明显低于后消声器壳体1a的表面温度。
后消声器壳体1a和/或外套壳体6例如可由金属材料、例如钢、铝合金或其他足够耐高温的材料制成。
在废气排出管5的区域中,外套壳体6设计成管状。外套壳体的管状区段6a基本上同轴于消声器1的废气排出管5延伸。然而,如从图1中可见的那样,废气排出管5“在外套壳体6内部或在外套壳体6的管状区段6a内部”终止。换言之,外套壳体的管状区段6a伸出于废气排出管5。
外套壳体6还具有漏斗形或扇形的用于新鲜空气的入口8。所述入口8沿车辆的行驶方向3观察布置在消声器1的前侧或消声器的前侧9的区域中。在前侧9的区域中,还设有两个鼓风机10a、10b,它们将新鲜空气从周围环境朝入口8的方向吹。
通过经由入口8流入外套壳体6中的新鲜空气,消声器壳体1a得到冷却。由消声器壳体1a加热的空气经由空气出口6a又从侧面流出。
基于流过消声器1的废气以及如下的事实:空气出口6a伸出于废气排出管5,产生了喷射泵作用,其改善了从周围环境经由入口8、通过外套壳体6到空气出口6a的空气循环。作为附加,该循环得到由两个鼓风机10a、10b产生的空气流的支持。
图2示出了一种变型方案,其中,后消声器1沿纵向安装在车辆中,即,后消声器1的纵轴线2在此平行于行驶方向3或平行于车辆纵向。
图3示出了安装情况,其中,消声器1安置在车辆的前底部区域中。沿行驶方向3在后消声器1之前布置有鼓风机10a。在鼓风机之前设有高温冷却器,高温冷却器例如可涉及流体/空气热交换器,其流体循环联接到车辆的内燃机的冷却循环上。高温冷却器具有附图标记11。在高温冷却器之前布置有低温冷却器,低温冷却器例如可涉及制冷剂/空气热交换器。低温冷却器具有附图标记12。低温冷却器可在热学方面例如与车辆的电机或车辆的功率电器件耦联,其中,经由制冷剂循环将热从电机或功率电器件输出到低温冷却器12上并且由该低温冷却器将热输出到周围环境。在低温冷却器12之前布置有制冷剂循环的冷凝器13。
Claims (21)
1.用于车辆的排气设备的消声器(1)、尤其后消声器,其具有消声器壳体(1a),
-所述消声器壳体具有废气进入管(4),废气经由该废气进入管流入到所述消声器壳体(1a)中,并且
-所述消声器壳体具有废气排出管(6a),废气经由该废气排出管从所述消声器壳体(1a)流出,
其特征在于,
所述消声器壳体(1a)的至少一部分或者整个消声器壳体(1a)由外套壳体(6)包围,其中,在所述消声器壳体(1a)与外套壳体(6)之间设有气隙(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述外套壳体(6)通过间隔保持件与所述消声器壳体(1a)保持间隔开。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述外套壳体(6)与所述消声器壳体(1a)间隔开0.3cm至2.0cm之间的距离、尤其0.8cm至1.2cm之间的距离。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述外套壳体(6)具有用于新鲜空气的入口(8)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的消声器,其特征在于,用于新鲜空气的入口(8)设计成漏斗形或扇形或呈空气导向叶片的形状并且设置成用于将迎面流过的新鲜空气导入所述外套壳体(6)的气隙(7)中。
6.根据权利要求4或5中任一项所述的消声器,其特征在于,设有鼓风机(10a、10b),鼓风机将新鲜空气从周围环境经由用于新鲜空气的入口(8)输送到所述外套壳体(6)中。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述外套壳体(1a)具有空气出口(6a),由所述消声器壳体(1a)加热的空气能经由该空气出口从所述外套壳体(6)流出到周围环境中。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述废气排出管(5)在所述外套壳体(6)内部终止,由此产生喷射泵作用,该喷射泵作用将加热的空气从所述气隙(7)经由所述空气出口(6a)输送到周围环境中。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述外套壳体(6)在所述废气排出管(5)的区域中设计成管状并且同轴于所述废气排出管(5)布置,其中,所述废气排出管(5)在所述外套壳体的管状区段(6a)内部终止。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述消声器壳体(1a)由钢或钛合金制成。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的消声器,其特征在于,所述外套壳体(6)由钢或钛合金制成。
12.具有内燃机和排气设备的车辆,该排气设备具有根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的消声器。
13.根据权利要求12所述的车辆,其特征在于,设有通风装置(10a、10b),所述通风装置将新鲜空气从周围环境经由用于所述新鲜空气的入口(8)吹到所述外套壳体(6)中。
14.根据权利要求12或13中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述消声器(1)具有纵向方向(2),所述纵向方向平行于车辆的横向方向。
15.根据权利要求12或13中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述消声器(1)具有纵向方向(2),纵向方向平行于车辆的纵向方向(3)。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述消声器(1)布置在所述车辆的前车厢区域或后车厢区域中。
17.根据权利要求12至16中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述消声器布置在下部的前车厢区域中。
18.根据权利要求17所述的车辆,所述下部的前车厢区域经由分隔壁与上部的前车厢区域分隔。
19.根据权利要求18所述的车辆,所述分隔壁完全或部分由塑料材料、尤其由纤维增强的塑料材料制成。
20.根据权利要求12至19中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述通风装置(10a、10b)沿所述车辆的行驶方向观察布置在所述消声器(1)之前。
21.根据权利要求12至20中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,沿所述车辆的行驶方向(3)观察在所述消声器(1)之前和/或在所述通风装置(10a、10b)之前布置有所述车辆的制冷剂循环的空气/制冷剂热交换器。
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DE102015205318.0A DE102015205318B4 (de) | 2015-03-24 | 2015-03-24 | Fahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einer Abgasanlage, welche einen Schalldämpfer aufweist |
DE102015205318.0 | 2015-03-24 | ||
PCT/EP2016/051480 WO2016150592A1 (de) | 2015-03-24 | 2016-01-26 | Luftspaltisolierter schalldämpfer |
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JP7377459B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-24 | 2023-11-10 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンルーム排熱構造 |
DE102021111928A1 (de) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-10 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Abgasschalldämpferanlage, geschütztes Fahrzeug und Verfahren |
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DE102015205318B4 (de) | 2017-09-14 |
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CN107109980B (zh) | 2023-11-14 |
US20170350301A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
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