CN107109735A - 快速原纤化的莱塞尔纤维及其用途 - Google Patents

快速原纤化的莱塞尔纤维及其用途 Download PDF

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CN107109735A
CN107109735A CN201580059108.0A CN201580059108A CN107109735A CN 107109735 A CN107109735 A CN 107109735A CN 201580059108 A CN201580059108 A CN 201580059108A CN 107109735 A CN107109735 A CN 107109735A
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J.梅纳
R.艾格纳
J.甘农
M.里莱
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Abstract

本发明涉及原纤化的莱塞尔纤维，其具有20或更大的原纤化商Q，并且其超细纤维的含量至少为50％，所述超细纤维具有小于14目的细度和小于2μm的直径，以及其用于制备擦拭布的用途，所述擦拭布含有浆粕和5至20重量％的原纤化的莱塞尔纤维。

Description

快速原纤化的莱塞尔纤维及其用途
本发明涉及原纤化的莱塞尔纤维，其具有20或更大的原纤化商Q，并且其超细纤维的含量至少为50％，所述超细纤维具有小于14目的细度和小于2μm的直径，以及其用于制备擦拭布的用途，所述擦拭布含有浆粕(Zellstoff)和5至20重量％的原纤化的莱塞尔纤维。
现有技术
US 6042769公开了通过使纤维素的聚合度降低至少200个单位的处理来增加莱塞尔纤维的原纤化倾向的方法。如此获得的纤维应特别用于非织造织物和纸。所述处理优选用漂白剂进行，特别是用次氯酸钠进行。可替代地，用酸，优选无机酸如盐酸、硫酸或硝酸的处理也是可能的。但是，该方法至今没有商业转变。
在非织造织物中使用再生纤维素纤维，如粘胶纤维和莱塞尔纤维是众所周知的。具体地讲，通过研磨或也在所谓的精制机(Refinern)（其由造纸已知）中使莱塞尔纤维原纤化(auffibrilliert)，并作为纤维素-超细纤维与纸浆混合用于所谓的湿法成网法(Nasslege-Verfahren)（在本领域中也被称作“湿法成网法(wet-laid-Verfahren)”）中。在此，制备各种产品，像例如擦拭-或清洁布，所谓的湿巾，和用于例如薄绢的纸结构。例如，US8187422描述了，通过向纸浆添加原纤化的莱塞尔-超细纤维可相应地优化一次性纤维素擦拭布的性能。不同于纯浆粕擦拭布，清洁行为应通过该添加相应地得到改善。在此，优化的性能特性的特征应在于增加的不透明度（光散射）和孔隙率，改善的柔软手感。较高的孔隙率应导致较高的对水和油的吸收能力，这导致改善的清洁行为。
US 8187422没有确切描述如何制备所使用的莱塞尔-超细纤维。仅简述，通常的莱塞尔-短纤维，如其例如还用于制备纺织品，可在圆盘式精制机或类似的装置中在水性介质中在低的固体比例下原纤化。根据US 8187422使用的莱塞尔-超细纤维以已原纤化的状态从供应商购得。它们具有CSF <175 ml的原纤化度以及<2μm的直径。40%的纤维应在此具有细于14目的细度。在US 8187422中公开的一次性擦拭布含有25和75%之间的以这种方式制备的莱塞尔-超细纤维。
尽管根据US 8187422使用的莱塞尔纤维在水性介质中在机械研磨负荷下原纤化。然而，为了根据US 8187422实现特定的原纤化度，关于时间和能量投入的花费在使用目前精制机-技术的情况下，比例如用于浆粕的显著更大。
目的
相比于该现有技术，目的在于，提供用于擦拭布中的纤维，其一方面可以被成本有利地原纤化，和另一方面以在擦拭布中的较小的量比例仍实现擦拭布的相同的机械性能，像例如高的强度。
发明描述
上述目的可通过原纤化的莱塞尔纤维实现，其特征在于，它们具有20或更大的原纤化商Q，并且其超细纤维的含量至少为50％，所述超细纤维具有小于14目的细度和小于2μm的直径。为了避免误解，应在此阐明，在本发明上下文中的术语“原纤化的莱塞尔纤维”不是指完全相同的纤维的总量，而是指性质基本上相同的纤维的混合物，其中，以不同细度（用目数测量）和不同直径的纤维的混合物。
所述原纤化商Q定义为
Q = 200 / tCSF200
在此tCSF200是在CSF-测试中为实现200的CSF-值所需的时间（用分钟表示）。Q越大，则因此在恒定的原纤化条件下需要更少的时间，以实现相同的原纤化度。根据初始纤维的种类和根据本发明的酸处理，可实现至最多400的Q-值。
本发明还涉及一种擦拭布，其含有浆粕和5至20重量％的原纤化的莱塞尔纤维，并且其中，所述原纤化的莱塞尔纤维具有20或更大的原纤化商Q。在一个优选的实施方案中，所述浆粕是纸浆。
快速原纤化的莱塞尔-纤维可以意料之外地通过传统的莱塞尔纤维的酸处理来制备。该酸处理可以根据本发明通过以下进行：以已知的方式根据莱塞尔法从纺丝喷嘴挤出的纤维束（具有例如1.0和6.0 dtex之间的单根纤维纤度）用稀无机酸，例如盐酸、硫酸或硝酸（具有例如0.5和5%之间的浓度）在室温下在容器中以例如1:10的浴比浸渍，和然后压出一定的残余水分，例如200％。经浸渍的纤维束，然后用水蒸气在超压下在合适的设备中加载，然后洗涤至无酸并干燥。
为了测定原纤化倾向，将纤维束切至5 mm的短纤维长度，并经受CSF-测试（根据TAPPI标准T227 om-94的加拿大标准游离度）。
将纤维束切成合适的切削长度例如4至6 mm的短纤维用于制备本发明的擦拭布。然后原纤化可以在造纸工业中常用的粉碎装置，例如研磨装置、精制机、粉碎机(Desintegrator)或水力碎浆机(Hydrapulper)中发生。原纤化在那里进行，直到实现期望的原纤化度。
酸处理和由此引起的CSF的降低的效果可受处理参数的变化影响。用较低的酸浓度在超压-蒸汽中的较长的处理时间下可以获得相同的效果，反之亦然。同样地，可以通过蒸汽处理的较低或较高的温度来影响CSF-值。
在此显而易见的是，有针对性地削弱纤维结构，并因此增加原纤化倾向。
在随后的CSF-测试中可确定的是，在未处理的莱塞尔-纤维中为实现200 ml的CSF所需的研磨时间取决于浆粕类型和生产参数在12-16分钟的范围内（见图1）。该方法可与US8187422中的方法相比拟。用酸处理的莱塞尔-纤维在相同的研磨方式下只需要大约3-4分钟，直到实现200ml的CSF（图1）。此外，可确定，通过酸预处理，使在研磨时形成的超细纤维（<14目且直径<2μm）的比例显著增加至50%以上。
由此可能的是，使清洁布中莱塞尔纤维的比例降低至显著<25重量％，根据本发明甚至20重量％以下，并且仍然获得所要求的，例如在US 8187422中描述的性能特性。
根据本发明的快速原纤化的莱塞尔纤维可以根据本发明用于制备各种产品，如擦拭布，特别是一次性擦拭布，纸，特别是滤纸和用于技术应用如电池等的纸。这些和其它产品以及对其适合的制备方法尤其在WO 95/35399中描述，在此参考其并且将其全部公开内容并入本专利申请中。特别地，根据本发明的擦拭布可以根据基本上已知的方法由本发明的纤维和浆粕制备。在一个优选的实施方案中，加固通过水刺(Wasservernadelung)进行。
本发明还涉及上述的本发明纤维用于制备擦拭布的用途，其中所述擦拭布含有浆粕和5至20重量％的原纤化的莱塞尔纤维。所述浆粕优选为纸浆。
下文借助实施例来描述本发明。然而，本发明明确地不限于这些实施例，而是还包括了基于同一发明构思的所有其它实施方案。
实施例
实施例1：酸处理
根据本发明的快速原纤化的莱塞尔-纤维如下制备：具有1.7dtex的单根纤维纤度的莱塞尔-纤维束用稀硫酸在室温和1:10的浴比下浸渍并压出约200％的水分。经浸渍的纤维束在实验室蒸化机中在压力下用水蒸气加载约10分钟，然后用水洗涤至无酸并干燥。将干纤维束切至5mm的短纤维长度并经受CSF测试。
实施例2：原纤化动力的比较
原纤化倾向借助CSF（加拿大标准游离度）测试根据TAPPI标准T227 om-94测量并测定原纤化商Q。比较：
A.商业上惯用的未处理的1.7 dtex/6 mm的莱塞尔-纤维，可从Lenzing AG作为Tencel®商购（“Tencel®-标准”）
B.按照实施例1经酸处理的纤维（“Tencel®快速原纤化”）
图1示出了随着在测量装置中增加的粉碎时间CSF-值的减小。可以清楚地看出，经酸处理的纤维比未处理的显著更快地原纤化。这对商业制备原纤化的莱塞尔纤维的实践意味着比使用未处理的莱塞尔纤维时显著更低的时间-和能量花费。
表1示出了对不同试样测定的tCSF200-值和从其计算得出的Q值。
表1:
试样 tCSF200 [min] Q [min-1]
A 15.5 12.9
B 3.5 57.1
实施例3：针对湿法成网法的适用性的比较
比较与在实施例1中相同的纤维试样：
两个纤维试样A和B的1％的纤维水性悬浮液分别在Andritz R1L型号的实验室精制机中在500W的功率下进行研磨，其中不仅对用kWh/to表示的能量消耗还对为实现CSF 200的研磨度的持续时间（根据TAPPI标准T227 om-94的加拿大标准游离度-测试）进行了测定。与标准-莱塞尔纤维相比，原纤化的莱塞尔纤维能够在只有50％的研磨时间且小于80％的能量消耗下加工（见表2）。
表2:
试样 研磨时间 [min] 能量消耗 [kWh/to]
A 5 400
B 2.5 65
其中的2000 ml在Rapith Köthen型号的纸张成型机中制备成试验纸张，并拍下这些试验纸张的REM-照片。图2示出了由试样B的悬浮液制成的纸张的REM-照片。

Claims (7)

1.擦拭布，其含有浆粕和5至20重量％的原纤化的莱塞尔纤维，其特征在于，所述原纤化的莱塞尔纤维具有20或更大的原纤化商Q。
2.根据权利要求1的擦拭布，其中所述浆粕为纸浆。
3.原纤化的莱塞尔纤维，其特征在于，其具有20或更大的原纤化商Q，并且其超细纤维的含量至少为50％，所述超细纤维具有小于14目的细度和小于2μm的直径。
4.根据权利要求3的纤维用于制备擦拭布的用途，其特征在于，所述擦拭布含有浆粕和5至20重量％的原纤化的莱塞尔纤维。
5.根据权利要求4的用途，其中所述浆粕为纸浆。
6.根据权利要求3的原纤化的莱塞尔纤维在湿法成网法中的用途。
7.根据权利要求6的用途，其中所述原纤化的莱塞尔纤维与纸浆混合，并且莱塞尔纤维-比例在5-20重量%之间。
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