CN1071012A - 具有加强相互连接和防止光学与机械上脱接措施的光纤连接器 - Google Patents

具有加强相互连接和防止光学与机械上脱接措施的光纤连接器 Download PDF

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CN1071012A
CN1071012A CN92104859A CN92104859A CN1071012A CN 1071012 A CN1071012 A CN 1071012A CN 92104859 A CN92104859 A CN 92104859A CN 92104859 A CN92104859 A CN 92104859A CN 1071012 A CN1071012 A CN 1071012A
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J·M·安德逊
N·R·兰珀特
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/389Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type
    • G02B6/3893Push-pull type, e.g. snap-in, push-on
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/381Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
    • G02B6/3826Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres characterised by form or shape
    • G02B6/3831Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres characterised by form or shape comprising a keying element on the plug or adapter, e.g. to forbid wrong connection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3847Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture with means preventing fibre end damage, e.g. recessed fibre surfaces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3869Mounting ferrules to connector body, i.e. plugs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3873Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
    • G02B6/3874Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3873Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
    • G02B6/3874Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules
    • G02B6/3878Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules comprising a plurality of ferrules, branching and break-out means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3887Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief features
    • G02B6/3888Protection from over-extension or over-compression
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3897Connectors fixed to housings, casing, frames or circuit boards
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3851Ferrules having keying or coding means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/3833Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
    • G02B6/3854Ferrules characterised by materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
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    • G02B6/38Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
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Abstract

一种光纤连接器(22),它只要使连接器与罩体作 相对直线移动就可装配到耦合器罩体(90)上,而且也 具有防止从另一个部分位于罩体中的连接器上光学 脱接的措施,要使连接器与罩体作相对直线移动就可 装配到耦合器罩体(90)上,而且也具有防止从另一个 部分位于罩体中的连接器上光学脱接的措施,该连接 器包含一个具有两条沿直径相对设置的绝缘(53— 53)的管套(45),各条缝上有一扩大部分(57)。

Description

本发明涉及一种光纤连接器,它具有为了相互连接和防止光学与机械上脱接的加强措施。
用于光纤传输系统的连接器是已知的技术。通常,需要将许多光纤连接器布置在接线板中,以简化和方便多光纤的连接。STR连接器之一种是将两根光纤端接,并连在一起的常用的套箍连接器,ST是AT & T的登记商标。例如,在U.S.4,934,785中公开的ST连接器。
一个ST连接器包括圆筒状插套或套箍,在套箍上有一条通道用来容纳欲端接起来的光纤的端部。套箍安置在一个嵌装于管套中的圆筒内,并受弹簧加压,例如当将两个套箍头对头地放在一耦合套内进行连接过程中,套箍之一或两者可沿着其纵轴移动。
在连接过程中,当套箍移动进入位于罩体内的套筒时,从容纳着套箍端部的圆筒径向延伸的销子被对准,并沿着耦合器罩体中的销槽移动。同时,两个从耦合器罩体径向延伸的锁定销钉进入,并沿管套前端向后成螺旋形延伸的偏心槽移动。当锁定销钉沿偏心槽移动时,套箍进一步移动进入套筒中,当各个锁定销钉到达其相应的偏心槽的端头时,技术人员就可对管套加力,以使它旋转移动,同时各个销钉和相应的短锁定槽对准,该锁定槽由相应的偏心槽的内端朝管套的自由端伸出。这种伴随转动而推进的运动通常称为卡口扭转。另外,当各锁定销钉到达相应偏心槽的最内端时,套箍处在套筒之内距入口的最远端处。
当然,施加给配对的第二连接器以使其套箍移动进入,并沿套筒到达其最内位置的力必须足以克服使另外的第一连接器的套箍受压进入套筒的弹力。事实上,当只是第一个套箍处在套筒中时,其最内端头延伸超出套筒的横断中心线。套筒的横断中心线称为光学连接面。这种通过光学连接面的延伸称为超出移动。结果,必须对第二套箍施加压力以克服第一套箍的弹力而使之稍微移动,而使第二套箍移动通过光学连接面到达锁定销钉的达到的第二连接器偏心槽最内端相应的位置上。在锁定销钉和相关的短锁定槽对准之后,技术人员使和第二套箍相应的弹簧朝后向管套施力,以使相关的短锁定槽沿锁定销钉移动,而将第二连接器紧固到耦合罩体上并使第二套箍的端头回到光学连接面上。
需要有精确的公差以确保套箍的超出移动并控制恢复到光学连接面的过程,以达到适当的连接。对于现在制造的某些套箍连接器来说,最好是不需要作卡口扭转而完成连接,或者当必须这样作时,可以采用螺旋式扭动连接器管套。
已有技术的套箍连接器应用中的另一个问题是,有关光纤端面或光纤端在与相连接的光学装置的光学脱接的可能性问题。这个问题只要用一压缩弹簧朝管套向外压连接器套箍就能得到解决。假如不小心将足够大的力朝光纤连接脱开方向沿轴施加到由套箍所端接的光缆上,则在实际上将引起严重的光学损失和/或光纤端面的脱接,由此造成光传输的严重光学损耗和/或脱接。
还有,由于罩体的结构,套箍沿横过连接器轴的方向对光缆施加力时,将导致套箍绕位于套管中心和柱帽端头之间的支轴转动,这使得套箍端面倾斜,并在这里形成与其它套箍或装置的角度间隔,从而引起光学上脱接或增加传输损耗。
在另一个已有技术的套箍连接器中,会在连接器插销装置中产生一种非光学上的脱接,见美国专利U.S    4,812,009。管套延长器沿光缆纵向延伸,并包含有一个通过转动而与管套的内螺旋的光缆入口端头相啮合的外螺旋端头。伸入管套延长器的圆筒部分设置一些环纹,当管套延长器完全旋进管套时,这些环纹接口着管套延长器的较内部分,阻止了圆筒和套箍的移动。而且,用管套延长器来传递由光学连接器施加到光缆上的横向力,并从而将这些力传送到连接器管套上,一个成锥形的张拉保险部件绕着并延伸超出管套延长器与光缆护套啮合安装。
对这种最后的所说装置来说,问题之一是在装上耦合罩体之前将管套延长器完全拧进管套上时,要获得使各锁定销钉能移动相应偏心槽的整个长度,并被容纳在一有关的短锁定槽之中所需的超量行程是不可能的。另一方面,如果没有将非光学脱接的管套延长器完全转入到管套中,那末在必须由使用者握紧管套以卡口连接方式转动连接器时,将连接器装置与耦合罩体耦合起来就会有某些不便之处。当对耦合件用力时,被紧握着的管套延长器组件将会产生相对管套的滑动。此时,仅可能将一个具有非光学上脱接特点的连接器装配到一个耦合器罩体上,否则,随着两个连接器的管套延长器转动而完全拧进相应的管套,会造成与罩体装配的最末一个有可能对相邻套箍中的纤维端面形成挤压损坏。
显然,某些现有的连接器呈现出一些需要克服的问题。在一种现有装置中,对一光缆施加超过两磅左右的力就可造成耦合器罩体中套箍分离或脱接。所说的具有无光学上脱接特点的装置可以通过限制套箍从光学连接平面移开的方法来克服这种光学上脱节问题。但是,它有几个缺点,首先,当管套延长器松动地拧在管套上时,在对耦合器作推进和转动时,不能用管套延长器和张紧而有离隙的部件来紧握住连接器组件,管套延长器会产生转动但不能将管套锁定到耦合器上。其次,如果将管套延长器完全转进管套中,则耦合器罩体的锁定销钉就不能移行偏心槽的整个长度,从而妨碍了连接器的装配。
在套箍连接器装置中,需要一种看来似乎难以实现的能有效的防止在光学上,尤其在机械上脱接的装置。而且,所寻求的这种连接器应该是一种只作直线运动而装配并紧固到耦合器罩体上的装置,以及寻求一种很难实现的可紧固到耦合器罩体上的ST连接器,通过推压动作而不必相对于罩体转动连接器就可随罩体装到接线板中,而且还是一种防止套箍和罩体脱接的装置。
按照本发明,提供了一种光纤连接器,它是一种用来对带防护套的光纤进行端接而适于连接到另一光路的光纤连接器,该连接器包括,一个管套,该管套具有从其入口朝内扩大部分间距的纵向延伸缝;一个管套延长器,它有一光纤伸入端和一与所说管套的光纤伸入端连接的相反端;一个装在所说管套中并从这里由从纤维伸入端到所说管套相对端方向上朝外偏斜的圆筒;一个装在所说圆筒之中并带有用于容纳光纤端部的通道的套箍,这个套箍适于配置在耦合器罩体的套筒之中以邻接可端接在套筒内的光学连接面上的另一个光路的装置。该连接器有如下的特征:
所说的管套可以通过使所说套箍与所说套筒作相对直线运动而装配到耦合器罩体上,以使所说套箍配置在所说套筒之中,并使罩体上的锁定销钉进入所说管套中的所说的缝中并装在所说扩大部分中的将所说管套紧固到罩体上。
管套延长器包括,可限制圆筒和套箍朝向所说管套延长器的光纤伸入端移动的装置,而与所说圆筒的偏斜部分结合起来,以使得端接到另一光路的耦合器套筒的装置和所说套箍保持啮合,直至施加到有护套光纤上的张力终止情况下所说套箍朝向所说管套延长器的所说纤维伸入端动为止,以保持与其它的光路端接的套筒中的装置的光学耦合;和与所说的管套结合起来以防止所说锁定销钉从所说管套脱出而非有意地使所说管套从耦合罩体在机械上断开的装置。
图1是包含本发明光纤连接器的光纤连接装置的透视图;
图2是图1所示光纤连接装置的侧视图;
图3是图1所示连接器的侧视图;
图4是图3所示连接器管套的透视图;
图5是图4所示管套的平视图;
图6是图3所示连接器圆筒的平视图;
图7是图5中沿线7-7截取的管套的端视图;
图8是图5中沿线8-8截取的管套端视断面图;
图9是图3所示连接器壳体断面立视图;
图10是图9壳体沿线10-10截取和断面平面图;
图11是图9壳体沿线11-11截取的端部断面图;
图12是图10所示壳体弹键的细部图;
图13是管套延长器的侧视图,它具有限制圆筒移动和有助于将壳体紧固到管套延长器和管套上的措施;
图14是图3的连接器部件带有处于非锁定位置,并带有装在一耦合器壳体中的套箍的侧视图;
图15是带有移动至锁定位置壳体的图14所示连接器的前视图;
图15A是与壳体弹键啮合的管套延长器卡销的细部图;
图16是一种双联连接器的平视图。
参见图1和图2,其中由数字20标示连接系统的透视图和侧视图。该连接系统可容纳用来端接光纤的套箍连接器。图1,2和3描述了一种套箍连接器或卡套组合,由数字22标示。每个连接器22包括一连接器组合件25和壳体27。
两根欲连接的光纤21-21(见图3)各包括玻璃芯体和包层,以及一外套层装置,这已为已有技术所熟知的。可以将光纤包复在聚氯乙烯(PVC)包复管28中,以提供一种按照本发明可以被连接或端接的所谓缓冲光纤。本发明的连接装置也可以用来连接单光纤光缆30-30(见图11),其中包复管28的是一种诸如由网状纤维材料制作的增强部件29,和一个由PVC制的外防护套31。
根据图1和2,可看出连接器系统20包括两个卡套组件22-22,它们通过耦合器35连接。卡套组件22-22的相应元件用相同数字标出,在图2右边的那些数字带有上标号。卡套组件22-22其组合的纵轴38-38是共轴的。应注意,在图2中,卡套组件22-22被装配到安装在一个带有锁紧垫圈32和螺套34的插板37上的耦合器35中。除了光纤21的端部外,卡套付组合件25各包括光纤套箍或卡套40,具有通道41(图2和3),并且是由诸如璃璃、塑料或陶瓷材料制成的。卡套40有约为2.5mm的外径,外套40的端面39包含有该通道41的开口。
在对光缆30进行端接时,在使其端部安上卡套40之前,先要将光纤包层装置,尤其是外管28,加强件29和外套31要从光纤21的端头除去,然后将光纤的无包层端头插入卡套40的通道41,将光纤21的无包层端头紧固在卡套40的通道41中,并将光纤端面截平和抛光。对另一个光纤和卡套组件重复上述步骤。
各个连接器的付组件25还包括由塑料或金属材料制的连接器本身或圆筒42(图1和图2),压缩弹簧44和塑料制的管套45(图4和图5)。卡套40,圆筒42和管套45应该各有圆柱形断面。圆筒42包括一独立的定向或对准销子43(图6),它由纵轴38沿径向凸出。而且圆筒的外表面带有纵向延伸的缝33。
圆筒42包括居间径部46(图2和图6),它通过开孔47伸入到管套45的内部所设置的圆形凸缘48中。
固定垫片49安置在槽50中(图3和6),并将居间径部限制在圆形凸缘48的外侧。弹簧44绕着圆筒42的居间径部46安装在圆形凸缘48和大径部51之间。这样安排的结果,使弹簧44从光缆朝外压着圆筒42,以将圆筒支撑在管套45之内。
由图4和5可见,管套45包括两条沿直径相对着的纵向延伸缝53-53(见图7和图8),它们各自由管套的凸缘斜端头55延伸出来。而且,缝53包括锥形部56,它对着径向扩大的整圆部分57敝开。缝53的余下部分明显地比锥形部56的最窄部还要窄,并在内部58处为止。由于采用这种结构,使管套的壁部可被屈折,以使耦合器35的一部分可以插入到缝53的锥形部,而使之固定到扩大部分57中。
而且,在管套靠近各条缝53-53的壁部处增加厚度,以形成导轨59,该导轨适于与壳体27(图9-12)的部件紧密配合。各条导轨59还适于容纳在壳体27的朝内沟槽52中(图1),以防止管套相对于壳体的转动。作为双重功能,导轨59对其所限定的相应的缝53的壁起着加强作用。
管套45还包含一导栓61(图7),该导栓61适宜于容纳在圆筒的纵向延伸缝33中(图6),以引导圆筒相对于管套45的移动,并使销子相对于管套中的缝53-53保持在一定的朝向上。
还有,如图4和图5所示,与凸缘端55相反的管套的端头65有朝外的螺纹,该螺纹部分可方便于将管套紧固到连接器的其它部分,并限制壳体27的移动。
此外,还提供有将施加到光缆上的任何横向力传递至管套45,而不是使它们反而影响光学上连接的设施,该目的可用由数字60标示的管套延长器来达到(图2、3和13)。如图2、3和13所示,管套延长器60包括适于紧固管套45外螺纹端的内螺纹端头62。以管套延长器60的自由端沿径向凸出的是一环状卡销63,而连接于内螺纹端62的是一较小直径部分64,它与光缆护套外表面有足够的隔开距离,以提供一个环状空间66(图2-3),使加强件的纱线29以反复缠绕的方式绕在光缆保护套上,并紧固在圆筒42的后管部分67(图6)和带折纹的管件68之间。连接于小直径部分64的是带有内径的端头部分69,它使得端头部分69可活动地固定在光缆的防护套上。
管套延长器60包含限定距离的设施,由此使限位垫圈49从环状凸缘48移开。这种安排有效地限制套箍40向后移动,这种移动可能是由施加于光缆30上的未加注意力所引起的。结果是防止了由两个套箍所端接的光纤产生光学上的脱接。光学上的脱接可用管套延长器设置环状凸缘70而得以防止。凸缘70同心地设置在管套延长器45之后,但与外螺纹部分62分隔开。凸缘70的直径部分设置成使它靠限位垫圈49的移动,并将限位垫圈啮合在左边,为图2所示。
构成卡套付组件25的还有光纤支座部分75(图3),它可以从管套延长器60沿光缆30成锥状形延伸。卡套组件22的这部分可使光缆免受扭曲,并保证光缆在与另一光缆相互连接之后在使用中承受反复的弯曲而不会有过份的应力施加到光纤上。如所看到的,光缆支座部分包括两个朝内的凸缘76和77,它们被容纳在管套延长器60的凹槽78和79中。
连接器组件22也包括壳体27(图2-3,9-12),它绕管套45,管套延长器60和光缆支座部分75设置。如图11所示,壳体27有一横过连接器纵轴呈方形的断面。所形成的壳体27以提供一个断面实际上呈圆形的腔室81,以容纳管套延长器,管套,圆筒和套箍等的连接器付组件。为图2-3和9可见,壳体27包括一个带有朝内凸出的套环84的一端头82和可以挠曲的侧壳体部件86-86。支架85与各部件86相配合。壳体部件86还包括具有外滚花的端部88,同时壳体部件86的每侧上装有朝里的弹键89(见图12)。
在连接器装配时,将壳体27配置在管套45上,然后将管套延长器60插入壳体相对的端部,通过转动而被拧到管套上。当然,要将圆筒42,套箍40,压缩弹簧44和定位垫圈49装配到管套中。
使用时,将带有处于非锁定位置的壳体27的连接器组件(如图3所示)朝装在插板37中的耦合器35的罩体90移动(图1和14),使套箍40伸入装在罩体内的套筒92。所说的移动是在圆筒42的键销43和罩体90中的键槽94(图1和2)对准之后进行的。随着这种对准,使从耦合器罩体径向突出的销钉96-96进入管套45的锥形缝53-53,锥形缝53-53各与键销43成90°角。由于各个锁定销钉96的直径比缝53较内部分的宽度更大,所以这样的移动会使管套的壁被挤开。连接器组件22的进一步移动会使耦合器罩体的各个销钉96进入开缝53的扩大孔57中(图4),在缝中进行移动以将管套紧固到耦合器罩体上。正如上述所指,仅仅使连接器组件相对于耦合器罩体作直线运动就能完成将组件22装配到耦合器罩体90上的装配工作。
当将连接器组件22紧固到耦合器罩体上时,套箍40的自由端可能紧靠另一套箍,即已经装在套筒中的套箍40(见图2)的自由端,此时,如图2所示,弹簧迫使左边的套箍40推动另一套箍40’朝图2的右方到达两个弹簧力的平衡点,在这里,两个套箍的自由端处于光学连接面100中。假如另一套箍还未被置于套筒之中,则在其弹簧压迫之下,套箍的端面39将随啮合着耦合器罩体的圆筒42一起被置于光学连接面100的右方(见图4)。
当两个套箍40-40紧靠到耦合器套筒92中时(图2),各个套箍靠另一个套箍的挤压可能从其相应的管套向外凸出第一段距离X1,直到圆筒42的扩大部分51啮合在耦合器35上为止。例如,任何因诸如施加在光缆上的张力所引起的使套箍40脱开套筒的向后移动的距离必须被限制在比X1小的距离上,以防止光学上的脱接。这一点可通过当套箍置于套筒中而其自由端处在光学连接面100上时,将定位垫圈43与管套延长器凸缘70之间的距离限制在第二距离X2(图2)来达到,第二距离X2要比第一距离X1小。应指出,当罩体和套筒定位器102配合起来时,在耦合器罩体90的端头中腔室97和98各自的长度(图2)实质上是相同的。
通过管套的向内凸出的导钉61使圆筒42和套箍40相对于管套保持成直线对准,导栓被容纳在圆筒内的纵向延伸缝33中,并可沿其移动。
然后,使用者可将壳体27滑动地从图14所示的其非锁定位置移到如图15所示的锁定位置。壳体27朝连接器组件的套箍端滑行移动,使套环84与管套的凸缘端55啮合。在此时,当它沿壳体的侧壁部分移动时,受压缩的卡销63迅速闭锁,与壳体27的弹键89(图15A)啮合,以将管套45和位于管套的沟槽53-53的部件57-57中的耦合器罩体销钉96-96一起锁定在适当的位置上。将壳体推压在管套上,以提供机械上的锁定,并防止如果光缆由于偶尔受到张力,以致于使连接器卡套组件非有意的与耦合罩体90产生机械上的脱接。
从图11还可看到,壳体有一个与纵轴横断的断面,在最佳实施例中,它是方形的。当然,该壳体内部具有实际上是圆的断面,管套被容纳在其中。
如上所提到的,本发明装置将壳体27锁定到管套45上,并因此防止了当有张力或转动的力施加到光缆30上时,连接器22与耦合罩体90的机械上的脱接。不仅仅机械上脱接可得到防止,而且这样的连接器也防止了与另一个处于套筒92中的另一连接器的光学上的脱接。
光学上的脱接可以通过管套延长器60的凸缘70以及其相对于定位垫图49的位置而得以防止。如图3所示,当管套延长器60拧入管套45,并将套箍40配置于套筒92中时,圆筒的前导部分是与罩体90分隔开的。这种情况的产生是由于套箍40-40在套筒92的光学面上互相结合的结果,如果有关的套箍不与另一个套箍啮合,则套箍40,如图2左边的套箍就不会受到弹簧44朝外的压力,直到它与另一套箍啮合(比较图14)。随着套箍40处于这样一个位置,不仅使圆筒42不与罩体90啮合,而且也使定位垫图49离开管套45的环形凸缘48。此外,定位垫圈49与凸缘隔开一定的间隔X2,重要的是此距离X2小于距离X1,由于距离X2使套箍40依附到张紧状态下的光缆上,而距离X1就是假如光缆在受到实际上大于2磅的张力时套箍40’在其相对应的弹簧44作用下所能移动的距离,在这种情况下,它能够随着套箍40移动,并通过光学平面100。因此,当光缆30受到张力时,使得相应套箍移到如图2所示的左边。当发生这种情况下,套箍40’随着套箍40仍然保持啮合状态。然后,套箍40的定位垫圈49与凸缘70啮合,而由于套箍40’可能移动的距离X1大于X2,所以套箍40’仍然处在与套箍40啮合之中,因此防止了光学上的脱接;这是因为定位垫圈49和凸缘70的啮合而防止了套箍40的进一步移动。当然,当只对连接装置的一光缆30施加张力时,例如,当将耦合器装在插板37上,而对插板一侧上的光缆施加力时,上述的装置是有效的。但是,如果同时对连接装置的两侧施加张力,则可能发生光学上的脱接。
为了从耦合器35移去连接器22,使用者只要压下与它们的滚花端88-88邻接的壳体的挠性部件86-86即可。这将使部件86-86绕它们各自相应的支架85-85挠曲,以使弹键89-89从管套延长器的卡销上脱下,同时使施加到管套上的推力将连接器22从耦合器35移开。
如图16所示,本发明的光纤连接器20可以包含双联连接器110,该连接器110包括壳体112,壳体112有方形断面,并含有两个圆筒形腔,以适于容纳连接器卡套组件25。不要求有特殊方式的耦合器或插座。两个连接器组件25-25并排挨着安装到两个以适当距离隔开的耦合器35-35上。当然,包括两个以上连接器组件的连接器也是可以提供的。

Claims (10)

1、一种用来端接有护套的光纤并适于连接到另一光路的光纤连接器(22),所说连接器包括一管套(45),该管套含有一个纵向延伸的缝,该缝有一从入口处向内分开的扩大部分;一个管套延长器(60),它有一光纤伸入端和与所说管套的光纤伸入端连接的相对的端部;一圆筒(42),它装在所说管套中并以从纤维伸入端到所说管套的相对端的方向中朝外偏斜;一套箍(40)装在所说圆筒中,并含有一条用以容纳光纤端部的通道,所说套箍适合设置在耦合器罩(90)的套筒中,以将端接另一光路的装置邻接在套筒之内的光学连接面上;其特征在于,
所说管套能够通过使所说套箍和所说套筒之间作相对直线移动的方法装配到耦合器罩体上,以使所说套箍设置在所说套管中,并使该罩体的锁定销钉伸入到所说管套中的所说缝内,并置于该缝的所说扩大部分以将所说管套紧固在该罩体上;
管套延长器包括限制圆筒和套箍朝向所说管套延长器的光纤伸入端移动的装置,而与所说圆筒的偏斜部分结合,以使与端接到带有所说套箍的另一光路的耦合器套筒中的装置保持啮合,直到施加于有护套光纤上的张力终止情况下所说套箍朝所说管套延长器的所说光纤伸入端为止,并保持与其它光路端接的套筒中的装置在光学上的耦合;以及
与所说管套相结合,以防止所说锁定销钉从所说管套脱下,从而使所说管套从耦合罩体脱开的装置。
2、权利要求1的光纤连接器,其特征是,所说的圆筒的偏斜部分和装在其上的所说套箍的构成将使得当在套筒之内的其它套箍从这里脱开时,所说套箍能被移动而通过光学连接面一段第一距离;
管套延长器包括这样一种有效装置,即,它使得当所说管套因装到罩体上时,便限制所说的圆筒和所说的套箍沿从相反端到所说管套延长器的方向移动一个第二距离,该第二距离小于所说的第一距离。
3、权利要求2的光纤连接器,其特征是,适宜将两个所说的套箍装在一个安置在一插板上的耦合罩体中,以及在那里当对一有由所说套箍所端接光纤的光缆施加张力以引起所说套箍向后移动时,所说的向后移动被限制在一段小于第一距离的行程内,由此使其它套箍能移动,以保持和所说套箍接触和形成光学上连接。
4、权利要求1的光纤连接器,其特征是,管套包括一凸缘端和两条沿直径相对着的各从所说的凸缘朝相反的所说管套的纤维伸入端纵向延伸的缝,各条所说的缝有一位于所说凸缘端和所说各条缝较里端之间的扩大部分,该扩大部分适于容纳耦合器的锁定销钉,以使所说连接器固接在那里,所说的管套包括一个邻近所说相对端沿环状设置的,并朝里凸起的凸缘边;
圆筒通过由所说管套的所说环状凸起的凸边缘所限制的孔伸出,并且包括一个与所说管套的所说凸缘端部邻接的扩大的端头,所说的圆筒包括一朝其扩大端头敞开的腔室和一适于容纳在耦合器键槽中的朝外凸出的键销;
套箍上有一通道,通过它以便容纳光纤的一个端头部分,还有一个设置在所说圆筒的腔室中的端头部分,所说套箍适于设置在耦合器的套筒中,以便将另一个端接着另一光纤的套箍邻接在套筒中的光学连接面上,而所说的连接器包括:
压缩弹簧(44),它沿所说圆筒设置在所说管套的环状凸边的一侧与所说圆筒的所说放大部分之间,该弹簧对沿着管套朝外的方向对圆筒和套箍的加压是有效的,对套箍的加压将使得当在套筒之内的其它套箍从这里脱开时,所说套箍能够被移动通过所说光学面一段第一距离;
保持装置(49)绕着所说的圆筒设置在所说环状凸边的相对侧的预定位置上,以便当所说压缩弹簧的力从所说管套朝外,并沿轴方向对所说圆筒加压时,可将所说圆筒保持在所说管套内;
一个具有光纤伸入端和一相反端的管套延长器,其相反端连接所说管套的所说光纤伸入端,以便将施加于光缆的力传递给所说管套,所说管套延长器包括,当将所说管套紧固在一罩体上时,为了将所说圆筒和所说套箍沿着由所说管套延长器相反端至其纤维伸入端方向的移动限制在一段第二距离的有效邻接装置(70)上,所说管套延长器包括邻接到所说管套的所说相反端的卡锁装置(63);以及
一个同心地围绕所说管套延长器,并相对该延长器可作滑动的壳体(27),所说壳体有一邻近其一端设置的环状的朝里凸出的套环(84)和在所说套环与其相反端之间形成的环状弹键装置(89),所说的壳体可从非锁定位置移动到锁定位置,在非锁定位置处,所说套环邻接所说卡锁装置设置,而在锁定位置处,使所说卡锁装置和所说弹键装置闭合锁定,而所说套环变成邻接所说管套的所说凸缘端设置的保持住所说连接器,使得所说套箍定位在耦合器罩体内,而将所说套箍设置在其中的耦合器罩体的锁定销钉保持在所说管套的所说开缝的扩大部分之内。
5、权利要求4的连接器,其特征是,当所说套箍设置在耦合器罩体的套筒中与另一套箍耦合时,所说套箍稍微离开耦合器罩体,而所说管套延长器包括有一处于所说延长器的相反端内同心设置的凸缘,当对所说管套延长器施加张力时,该凸缘适于啮合住所说定位装置,其中所说圆筒包括有伸入所说管套延长器部分,而在这里采用有卷边的管件是适宜的。
6、权利要求5的连接器,其特征是,所说壳体包括能够使其朝连接器的纵轴方向移动,以使所说壳体的弹键装置与所说管套延长器的卡销装置脱接,而使所说连接器与耦合器机械上脱接的装置,其中所说的环状邻接装置使得在光缆受力之后,所说圆筒上的定位装置啮合住所说环状邻接装置,而使所说圆筒和所说套箍移动一个第二距离,所谓第二距离是当作上述移动时保持光学连接的距离。
7、一种光纤连接机构,包括两根各自含有一根光纤和防护套的光缆;
一个耦合器,它包括:
一个罩体,该罩体包含邻近其各端的两根沿着直径相对的,径向伸出的销钉和一沿纵向延伸的键槽,和
一个套筒,它设置在所说罩体之内;以及两个光纤连接器,它们被紧固于所说耦合器,而它们之一至少有如下的特征,
一个管套,它包括一凸缘端和两条沿径向相对着的,各自从所说凸缘端朝所说管套的另一端延伸的缝,在每条缝的凸缘端和内端之间设置有一扩大部分,在其中容纳着所说耦合器的锁定销钉,以使所说连接器紧固到耦合器上,所说管套包含沿环边设置的凸边,它邻近所说管套的另一端设置,并且朝内凸起;
一个圆筒,它通过由邻近所说管套的圆环状凸边所限制的开孔延伸,并且它包括邻近所说管套的凸缘端处的扩大端头,所说圆筒包括一朝其扩大端的腔孔和一朝外凸出的容纳在所说罩体的键槽中的键销;
一个套箍,它有一通道,用以容纳光纤的端头部分,还有一个被设置在所说圆筒的腔孔中的端部,所说套箍设置在所说耦合器的所说套筒中,用以邻接套筒内光学连接面上端接着另一根光纤的另一套箍;
一根压缩弹簧,它绕着所说圆筒设置在所说管套的环状凸边一侧和所说圆筒的扩大部分之间,而且它对沿所说管套朝外方向压住圆筒和所说套箍是有效的,套箍的偏压使得当在圆筒之内其它套箍从这里脱开时,所说套箍可被移动,并通过所说光学面一段第一距离;
定位装置,该装置绕所说圆筒设置在所说环状凸边的另一侧的预定位置上,以致当弹簧所施加的力从所说圆筒保持在所说管套内;
一个管套延长器,它具有光纤伸入端和连接到所说管套的所说另一端,以便将施加到光缆上的力传给所说管套的相反端,所说管套延长器包括邻接装置,该装置当将所说管套紧固到所说罩体时使所说圆筒和所说套箍在从所说管套延长器到其所说光纤伸入端方向的移动限制在一个小于所说第一距离的第二距离内是有效的,所说管套延长器装置包括有邻近所说管套的所说另一端的卡销装置;以及
一壳体,它绕所说管套延长器成同心地设置,并可相对管套延长器滑动,所说壳体邻近其一端设置的环状的朝内凸起的套环和形成于所说套环与其另一端之间的环形弹键装置,所说壳体可以从非锁定位置移动到锁定位置,在非锁定位置处,使所说套环靠近所说的卡锁装置设置,而在锁定位置处,使所说卡锁装置和所说闭锁装置闭合锁定,而所说套环转而靠近所说管套的所说凸缘端,以保持住所说连接器,由此,所说套箍处在耦合器罩体之内,而在其中设置着套箍的耦合器罩体的各锁定销钉就被固定在所说管套中所说开缝之一的扩大部分之内。
8、权利要求7的连接机构,其特征是,所说各连接器的圆筒与罩体隔开一段小于所说第一距离的距离。
9、权利要求8的连接机构,其特征是,所说圆筒上设置着绕着它的保持装置,圆筒包括环形周边沟槽,而所说保持装置包括一垫圈,其中所说的管套延长器包括环形邻接装置,该装置同心地设置在所说管套延长器装置内,并与其隔开,所说管套延长器装置连接到所说管帽的另一端,而且其中所说环状邻接装置是要使光缆受力之后所说圆筒上的所说保持装置与所说环状邻接装置啮合,而使所说圆筒和所说套箍移动第二个距离。
10、权利要求9的光纤连接机构,其特征是,所说的第二距离是使得在作这个移动时光纤保持光学上的接触。
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Also Published As

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AU1624192A (en) 1992-11-19
CA2068553A1 (en) 1992-11-15
ES2109981T3 (es) 1998-02-01
DK0514114T3 (da) 1998-08-10
EP0514114A1 (en) 1992-11-19
TW248621B (zh) 1995-06-01
US5129023A (en) 1992-07-07
AU643616B2 (en) 1993-11-18
KR920022008A (ko) 1992-12-19
DE69223273T2 (de) 1998-04-16
CA2068553C (en) 1997-11-11
DE69223273D1 (de) 1998-01-08
EP0514114B1 (en) 1997-11-26
CN1034886C (zh) 1997-05-14

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