CN107094777A - 一种防治农业细菌性病害和灭螺的组合物 - Google Patents
一种防治农业细菌性病害和灭螺的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107094777A CN107094777A CN201710272488.7A CN201710272488A CN107094777A CN 107094777 A CN107094777 A CN 107094777A CN 201710272488 A CN201710272488 A CN 201710272488A CN 107094777 A CN107094777 A CN 107094777A
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- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治农业细菌性病害和灭螺的组合物。其活性组分为叶枯唑和氯硝柳胺。本发明的组合物以叶枯唑与氯硝柳胺等其他农药品种,进行二元混配。应用于农业细菌性病害的防治，可以大幅提高细菌防控性能。组合物中两组有效成分表现为增效效果，允许施用量减少、更持久的防治效果、通过仅仅一次或少数几次施用更好的控制植物有害细菌、以及加宽了可能的施用间隔时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业保护技术领域，具体涉及一种防治植物细菌性病害和灭螺的组合物。
背景技术
植物病害抗药性发展迅速，药剂防治困难。引发农产品大面积减产,造成严重经济损失。
农业生产中防治细菌性病害的药剂主要是铜制剂。这类药剂抗药性严重，防效较低，在环境中对土壤、水体和食品形成污染，引发环境及食品安全风险。其他能用于农业细菌治疗的仅有少量品种，实际生产中受到抗性及防效的双重限制，推广面积较小。
叶枯唑 （bismerthiazol），是1974年由四川省化工院首先合成的具有自主创制研发的防治细菌性病害的内吸性杀菌性。化学名称：N,N’-甲撑-双(2-氨基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑)，CAS号：79319-85-0。内吸性杀菌剂。主要用于防治植物细菌性病害，持效期长、药效稳定。随着使用时间的延长，抗性发展快速，防效下降。
氯硝柳胺是一种杀鳗剂，也是一种灭螺剂，它可影响虫体的呼吸和糖类代谢活动，能杀死很多种蜗牛、绦虫、牛肉绦虫、猪肉绦虫和尾蚴。它很可能通过抑制虫体对氧气的摄取从而打乱其呼吸程序。在农业上主要用于杀灭稻田中的福寿螺。同时在公共卫生防治方面，用于杀灭蜗牛。氯硝柳胺能在水中迅速产生代谢变化，作用时间不长。它也用于商业养鱼溏，可以在鱼溏换新水之前杀死和清除不想要的鱼。氯硝柳胺对于鱼类毒性很大，但在水中只有很短的半衰期，使用这种杀鱼剂之后只需要过几天就可以放入新鱼。由于氯硝柳胺对人体的毒性大，研究复配增效药剂，降低其使用含量，为一个值得研究的新方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治农业病害和灭螺的组合物。
一种防治农业病害和灭螺的组合物，其活性组分为叶枯唑和氯硝柳胺。
所述组合物还包含农药助剂，农药助剂的含量为2-98wt%；所述农药助剂为溶剂、固体载体、表面活性剂中的一种或一种以上。
所述溶剂为甲苯，混合二甲苯物，三取代的苯，酞酸二丁酯，酞酸二辛酸，环已烷，汽油，乙二醇，甲醇，乙醇，乙二醇单甲醚，乙二醇双甲醚，环已酮，环戊酮，N-甲基吡咯烷酮，二甲基亚砜，二甲基甲酰胺，大豆油。
所述固体载体为滑石粉，高岭土，蒙脱石，活性白土，浮石，皂土，膨润土，方解石，砂中的一种或一种以上。
所述表面活性剂为木质素磺酸，萘磺酸，苯酚磺酸的碱土金属盐或胺盐，磺酸盐，硫酸盐，脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚，磺化萘，萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物，萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物，聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚，乙氧基化异辛基酚，辛基酚，壬基酚，烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚，三丁基苯聚乙二醇醚，三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚，烷基芳基聚醚醇，乙氧基化蓖麻油，聚氧乙烯烷基醚，氧化乙烯缩合物，乙氧基化聚氧丙烯，月桂酸聚乙二醇醚缩醛，山梨醇酯，十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵，十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵，十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵，十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵，十四烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵，十六烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵，木质素亚硫酸盐废液，甲基纤维素中的一种或一种以上。
所述植物致病菌为野油菜黄单胞菌，枯草芽孢杆菌，蜡样芽胞杆菌，树生黄单胞菌，疱斑黄单胞菌，阿氟曼链霉菌，棒形杆菌，假单胞菌，胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌中的一种或一种以上。
合适的助剂可以是固体或液体，通常是剂型加工过程中常用的物质，例如矿物质填料，化工溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂、展开剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、粘合剂等。
上述组合物的施用方法包括用于植物生长的地上部分或地下部分，包括喷施、涂抹、浸种、灌根、拌种及土壤消毒。上述组合物可以仅仅包含活性成分进行施用，也可以与助剂一起混合使用。
上述组合物可以制备成农药上可接受的剂型，例如可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、水乳剂、可溶液剂、粉剂、微囊悬浮剂、浓乳剂、乳油或微乳剂。根据这些组合物的性质以及施用组合物所要达到的目的和环境情况，可以选择将组合物以喷雾、弥雾、喷粉、散播或泼浇等之类的方法施用。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明的组合物以叶枯唑与氯硝柳胺等其他农药品种, 进行二元混配。应用于农业细菌性病害的防治，可以大幅提高细菌防控性能。组合物中两组有效成分表现为增效效果，允许施用量减少、更持久的防治效果、通过仅仅一次或少数几次施用更好的控制植物有害细菌、以及加宽了可能的施用间隔时间。组合物可以有效提高对抗性细菌引发病害的防治效果。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1 水稻条斑病的防治
试验方法：在发病初期进行一次喷雾，每个处理3个小区，每个小区20 平米。于药前和药后10 天调查统计发病情况，每个小区5 点随机取样，调查整株上每叶片的病斑面积占叶片面积的百分率，计算病情指数和防治效果。
按照以下比例配成可溶性试剂
叶枯唑 20%；
氯硝柳胺 0.2%；
分散剂 (木质素磺酸) 10% ；
溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺) 87.8%；
按上述比例配成的制剂，稀释500、1000倍进行喷雾，以21%的叶枯唑做对照（氯硝柳胺不具有杀菌功效，省略此处对照），对水稻条斑病的防效在83%和74%。对照的防效分别为43%和38%。
实施例2 白菜角斑病的防治
试验方法：在发病初期进行一次喷雾，每个处理3个小区，每个小区20 平米。于药前和药后10 天调查统计发病情况，每个小区5 点随机取样，调查整株上每叶片的病斑面积占叶片面积的百分率，计算病情指数和防治效果。
按照以下比例配成可溶性试剂
叶枯唑 10%；
氯硝柳胺 10%；
分散剂 (木质素磺酸) 10%；
溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺) 70%；
按上述比例配成的制剂，稀释1000、2000倍进行喷雾，以20%的叶枯唑做对照（氯硝柳胺不具有杀菌功效，省略此处对照），对白菜角斑病的防效80%、71%，对照的防效仅能达到63%和46%。
实施例3 柑橘溃疡病
试验方法：在发病初期进行一次喷雾，每个处理3个小区，每个小区20 平米。于药前和药后10 天调查统计发病情况，每个小区5 点随机取样，调查整株上每叶片的病斑面积占叶片面积的百分率，计算病情指数和防治效果。
按照以下比例配成可溶性试剂
叶枯唑 0.1%；
氯硝柳胺 10%；
分散剂 (木质素磺酸) 10%；
溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺) 70%；
按上述比例配成的制剂，稀释50倍进行喷雾，以10%的叶枯唑做对照（氯硝柳胺不具有杀菌功效，省略此处对照），对柑橘的防效在65%以上，对照的防效仅能达到26%。
实施例4 水稻田福寿螺的防治
试验方法：在福寿螺高发水稻田进行灌药，每个处理3个小区，每个小区200平米。于药前和药后10 天调查统计发病情况，每个小区5 点随机取样，调查福寿螺被杀灭的百分率，计算病情指数和防治效果。
按照以下比例配成可溶性试剂
叶枯唑 2.5%；
氯硝柳胺 0.5%；
分散剂 (木质素磺酸) 10%；
溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺) 70%；
按上述比例配成的制剂，稀释1000倍进行灌溉，以5%的氯硝柳胺做对照（叶枯唑不具有杀螺功效，省略此处对照），对福寿螺防效在68%以上，对照的防效仅能达到22%。
实施例5 番茄斑点病的防治
试验方法：在发病初期进行一次喷雾，每个处理3个小区，每个小区20 平米。于药前和药后10 天调查统计发病情况，每个小区5 点随机取样，调查整株上每叶片的病斑面积占叶片面积的百分率，计算病情指数和防治效果。
按照以下比例配成可溶性试剂
叶枯唑 10%；
2-氯-1,1,1-三乙氧基乙烷 10%；
分散剂 (木质素磺酸) 10%；
溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺) 70%；
按上述比例配成的制剂，稀释1000-2000倍进行喷雾，以20%的叶枯唑做对照（2-氯-1,1,1-三乙氧基乙烷不具有杀菌功效，省略此处对照），对番茄斑点病的防效在90%以上，对照的防效仅能达到46%。
实施例6 水稻白叶枯病的防治
试验方法：在发病初期进行一次喷雾，每个处理3个小区，每个小区20 平米。于药前和药后10 天调查统计发病情况，每个小区5 点随机取样，调查整株上每叶片的病斑面积占叶片面积的百分率，计算病情指数和防治效果。
按照以下比例配成可溶性试剂
叶枯唑 0.1%；
3-哌啶甲酸甲酯 10%；
分散剂 (木质素磺酸) 10%；
溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺) 70%；
按上述比例配成的制剂，稀释50倍进行喷雾，以11%的叶枯唑做对照（3-哌啶甲酸甲酯不具有杀菌功效，省略此处对照），对水稻的白叶枯病防效在85%以上，对照的防效仅能达到26%。
实施例7 水稻田福寿螺的防治
试验方法：在福寿螺高发水稻田进行灌药，每个处理3个小区，每个小区200平米。于药前和药后10 天调查统计发病情况，每个小区5 点随机取样，调查福寿螺被杀灭的百分率，计算病情指数和防治效果。
按照以下比例配成可溶性试剂
膦甲酸钠六水合物 2.5%；
氯硝柳胺 0.5%；
分散剂 (木质素磺酸) 10%；
溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺) 70%；
按上述比例配成的制剂，稀释1000倍进行灌溉，以5%的氯硝柳胺做对照（膦甲酸钠六水合物不具有杀螺功效，省略此处对照），对福寿螺防效在85%以上，对照的防效仅能达到22%。
以上公开的仅为本发明的具体实施例，但是，本发明并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种防治农业细菌性病害和灭螺的组合物，其特征在于，其活性组分为叶枯唑和氯硝柳胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治农业病害和灭螺的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物还包含农药助剂，农药助剂的含量为2-98wt%；所述农药助剂为溶剂、固体载体、表面活性剂中的一种或一种以上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防治农业病害和灭螺的组合物，其特征在于，所述溶剂为甲苯，二甲苯混合物，三取代的苯，酞酸二丁酯，酞酸二辛酸，环已烷，汽油，乙二醇，甲醇，乙醇，乙二醇单甲醚，乙二醇双甲醚，环已酮，环戊酮，N-甲基吡咯烷酮，二甲基亚砜，二甲基甲酰胺，大豆油。
4.根据权利要求2所述的防治农业病害和灭螺的组合物，其特征在于，所述固体载体为滑石粉，高岭土，蒙脱石，活性白土，浮石，皂土，膨润土，方解石，砂中的一种或一种以上。
5.根据权利要求2所述的防治农业细菌性病害和灭螺的组合物，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为木质素磺酸，萘磺酸，苯酚磺酸的碱土金属盐或胺盐，磺酸盐，硫酸盐，脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚，磺化萘，萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物，萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物，聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚，乙氧基化异辛基酚，辛基酚，壬基酚，烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚，三丁基苯聚乙二醇醚，三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚，烷基芳基聚醚醇，乙氧基化蓖麻油，聚氧乙烯烷基醚，氧化乙烯缩合物，乙氧基化聚氧丙烯，月桂酸聚乙二醇醚缩醛，山梨醇酯，十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵，十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵，十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵，十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵，十四烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵，十六烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵，木质素亚硫酸盐废液，甲基纤维素中的一种或一种以上。
6.权利要求1所述的组合物在杀灭植物致病菌中的应用，其特征在于，所述植物致病菌为野油菜黄单胞菌，枯草芽孢杆菌，蜡样芽胞杆菌，树生黄单胞菌，疱斑黄单胞菌，阿氟曼链霉菌，棒形杆菌，假单胞菌，胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌中的一种或一种以上。
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