CN107090074A - 一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料及其制法 - Google Patents

一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料及其制法 Download PDF

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CN107090074A
CN107090074A CN201610089464.3A CN201610089464A CN107090074A CN 107090074 A CN107090074 A CN 107090074A CN 201610089464 A CN201610089464 A CN 201610089464A CN 107090074 A CN107090074 A CN 107090074A
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沈琦
曹恒
朱红飞
居世宝
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Jiangsu Yoke Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，及其制备方法。所述的材料包括：普通聚醚多元醇50-80份、阻燃聚醚多元醇50-20份、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯100-130份、表面活性剂1-3份、催化剂0.1-0.5份、发泡剂5-10份、以及连续玻纤毡5-15份。该材料为将多层连续玻纤毡铺于模具内，然后将其它各组分高速搅拌下混合均匀后倒入模具进行发泡并熟化而成。本发明的聚氨酯保温材料能在-173℃超低温环境使用，产品密度为110-140kg/m3，产品导热系数小于18mw/m.K，压缩强度大于2.2MPa，拉伸强度大于3.0MPa，氧指数大于26，阻燃性能可达到GB8624-2012的B2标准。

Description

一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料及其制法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯复合材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
液化天然气是公认的最清洁能源，随着我国对环境保护的日益重视，对液化天然气的需求正日益剧增。液化天然气的存贮和运输需要用到在超低温环境下保持高绝热性、高强度及高稳定性的保温材料。普通的聚氨酯材料具有绝佳的保温性能，然而它在超低温下会发生严重收缩无法保持其在常温下的力学强度。此外，由于聚氨酯是易燃材料，施工过程中的焊接操作很容易引起安全事故，因而需要通过一定的改性来提高材料的阻燃性能。通常可以采用与廉价的玻纤进行复合来增强聚氨酯材料在低温下的力学性能和尺寸稳定性，并通过加入一定的阻燃剂来提高聚氨酯的阻燃等级。专利CN101235128A公开一种使用连续纤维增强的密度在400-800kg/m3的聚氨酯泡沫材料，但材料适用于“承载结构材料”，并不能用于超低温环境下的保温。专利CN101191010A公开了连续纤维增强的聚氨酯泡沫材料，但材料同样无法用作超低温保温材料。专利CN1834130A公开了一种密度在115-135kg/m3压缩强度在1.4-1.7MPa的保温材料，但专利对材料的保温性能并没有给出详细的导热系数，且专利中所用阻燃剂为小分子添加型阻燃剂，存在随时间迁移出本体材料的可能，无法保证材料在长时间内保持高阻燃等级；专利CN101781395A公开一种密度在40-80kg/m3的短玻纤增强的聚氨酯保温材料，然而专利并没有提到材料在超低温情况下的力学性能，且专利中所用阻燃剂也是小分子化合物，同样存在阻燃剂迁移导致材料阻燃等级下降的可能。
综上所述，暂时还没有一种在超低温条件下(-170度)保持高强度、高尺寸稳定性和永久阻燃性的聚氨酯保温材料的被报道。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法，这种材料具有在超低温环境下(-170度)保持高强度、高尺寸稳定性及永久阻燃性的特点，适用于超低温的保温领域。
本发明提供一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，包括如下组分：
(a)普通聚醚多元醇50-80份；
(b)阻燃聚醚多元醇50-20份；
(c)多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)100-130份；
(d)表面活性剂1-3份；
(e)催化剂0.1-0.5份；
(f)发泡剂5-10份；以及
(g)连续玻纤毡5-15份。
优选地，所述的组分(a)普通聚醚多元醇的羟值为300-600mgKOH/g，粘度为1000-3000mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为2-6。
优选地，所述的组分(b)阻燃聚醚多元醇的羟值为150-450mgKOH/g，粘度在5000-10000mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为1-4，阻燃聚醚包含阻燃元素为溴、氯、磷中的一种或几种，阻燃元素的含量在10wt％-50wt％。
优选地，所述的组分(c)多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的异氰酸根含量为30-33wt％，粘度为300-800mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为2.5-3。
优选地，所述的表面活性剂组分(d)为聚醚改性的有机硅化合物，其中所用阻燃剂为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯或磷酸三乙酯中的一种或两种的混合物，所用组分(e)催化剂为二甲基环胺，所用组分(f)发泡剂为五氟丙烷或/和五氟丁烷。
优选地，所述的组分(g)连续玻纤毡的表面含有0.5-1.5％的偶联剂，玻璃纤维的表观密度在400-450g/m2。
本发明还提供一种制备上述高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料的方法，包括如下步骤：将6-8层的经干燥处理的连续玻纤毡均匀铺于模具之中，而后将其余的各组分原料在高速搅拌例如转速4000-6000转/min条件下，搅拌20-30秒，使得各组分混合均匀后倒入模具之中，进行自由发泡，发泡完毕后将泡沫在室温下熟化24-48小时后进行脱模，得到本发明的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，然后对该材料进行测试。
与现有技术相比，根据本发明的聚氨酯保温材料具有在超低温环境下(-170度)保持高强度、高尺寸稳定性及永久阻燃性的特点，适用于超低温的保温领域。
具体实施方式
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法，这种材料具有在超低温环境下(-170度)保持高强度、高尺寸稳定性及永久阻燃性的特点，适用于超低温的保温领域。
本发明主要通过以下技术方案实现：
本发明提供了一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，包括如下各组分：
(a)普通聚醚多元醇50-80份；
(b)阻燃聚醚多元醇50-20份；
(c)多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)100-130份；
(d)表面活性剂1-3份；
(e)催化剂0.1-0.5份；以及
(f)发泡剂5-10份；以及
(g)连续玻纤毡5-15份；。
所述的组分(a)普通聚醚多元醇的羟值为300-600mgKOH/g，优选400-500mgKOH/g，粘度为1000-4000mPa·S(25℃)，优选3000-4000mPa·S(25℃)官能度为2-6，优选4-5。
所述的组分(b)阻燃聚醚多元醇的羟值为150-450mgKOH/g，优选250-300mgKOH/g，粘度在5000-10000mPa·S(25℃)，优选7000-9000mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为1-4，优选2-3，阻燃聚醚包含阻燃元素为溴、氯、磷中的一种或几种，阻燃元素的含量在10wt％-50wt％，优选30wt％-40wt％。
所述的组分(c)多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的异氰酸根含量为30-33wt％，粘度为300-800mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为2.5-3。
所述的组分(d)表面活性剂为聚醚改性的有机硅化合物，所用组分(e)催化剂为二甲基环胺，所用组分(f)发泡剂为五氟丙烷或/和五氟丁烷，优选五氟丙烷和五氟丁烷同质量共混物。
所述的组分(g)连续玻纤毡的表面含有0.5-1.5％的偶联剂，优选1.0-1.2％，玻璃纤维的表观密度为400-450g/m2，优选400-420g/m2。
本发明还提供一种制备上述高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料的方法，包括如下步骤：将6-8层的经干燥处理的连续玻纤毡均匀铺于模具之中，而后将其余各组分原料在高速搅拌(例如，转速4000-6000转/min)条件下，搅拌20-30秒，使得各组分混合均匀后倒入模具之中，进行自由发泡，发泡完毕后将泡沫在室温下熟化24-48小时后进行脱模，得到本发明的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，然后对该材料进行测试。
实施例1-7及对比例1-2
按照下表1中的组分及含量，分别进行实施例1-7和对比例1-2。
表1、实施例1-7以及对比例1-2的原料质量分数比
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 实施例7 对比例1 对比例2
普通聚醚 80 70 60 50 50 40 30 100 100
阻燃聚醚 20 30 40 50 50 60 70
PMDI 110 115 118 121 140 130 125 110 130
表面活性剂 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5
二甲基环己胺 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
五氟丙烷 5 4 6 5 4 5 5 10
五氟丁烷 5 6 4 5 6 5 5 10
连续玻纤毡 6 7 8 7 7 6 7 6 7
并对上述实施例1-7及对比例1-2制备所得的复合发泡材料的性能进行评估如下：
产品密度：将模具中的泡沫取出，除去表皮并切割成立方体，按照GB/T6343-2009进行测试。
导热系数：将发泡材料切割成长300mm，宽300mm，厚度为30mm的样品，在-170度条件下进行测试。
压缩强度：将发泡材料切割成50mm x 50mm x 50mm的样品，按照GB/T8813-2008在-170度条件下进行测试。
拉伸强度：将发泡材料按照BS ISO 1926-2005在-170度条件下进行测试。
阻燃性能：将发泡材料切割成长度为255mm，宽度为20mm，厚度为20mm的样品，按照GB8624-2012进行测试。氧指数测定按照ISO 4589-3:1996进行测试。
尺寸稳定性：将发泡材料切割成长200mm，宽200mm，厚50mm的样块，在常温至-170度的温度变化条件下，按照GB/T8811-2008进行测试。
各样品的测试结果列于下表2。
表2、实施例1-7以及对比例的性能
经测试，本发明所制备的聚氨酯保温材料能在-173℃超低温环境使用，产品密度在110-140kg/m3；且，在-173℃条件下，产品导热系数小于18mw/m.K，压缩强度大于2.2MPa，拉伸强度大于3.0MPa，氧指数大于26，阻燃性能可达到GB8624-2012的B2标准，适用于超低温的保温领域。
且，由上述实施例1-7及对比例1-2可以看出，本发明的聚氨酯保温材料具有在超低温环境下(-170度)保持高强度、高尺寸稳定性及永久阻燃性的特点。

Claims (7)

1.一种高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，其特征在于，组分含量为：
(a)普通聚醚多元醇50-80份；
(b)阻燃聚醚多元醇50-20份；
(c)多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)100-130份；
(d)表面活性剂1-3份；
(e)催化剂0.1-0.5份；
(f)发泡剂5-10份；以及
(g)连续玻纤毡5-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，其特征在于，所述的普通聚醚多元醇的羟值为300-600mgKOH/g，粘度为1000-3000mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为2-6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，其特征在于，所述的阻燃聚醚多元醇的羟值为150-450mgKOH/g，粘度在5000-10000mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为1-4，阻燃聚醚包含阻燃元素为溴、氯、磷中的一种或几种，阻燃元素的含量在10wt％-50wt％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，其特征在于，所述的多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PMDI)的异氰酸根含量为30-33wt％，粘度为300-800mPa·S(25℃)，官能度为2.5-3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，其特征在于，所述的表面活性剂为聚醚改性的有机硅化合物，所用催化剂为二甲基环胺，所用发泡剂为五氟丙烷或/和五氟丁烷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料，其特征在于，所述的连续玻纤毡的表面含有0.5-1.5％的偶联剂，玻璃纤维的表观密度在400-450g/m2。
7.一种制备如权利要求1所述的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料的方法，包括如下的步骤：将6-8层的连续玻纤毡均匀铺于模具之中，而后将其余各组分原料在高速搅拌下搅拌，使得各组分混合均匀后倒入模具之中，进行自由发泡，发泡完毕后将泡沫在室温下熟化24-48小时后进行脱模，得到所需的高阻燃型玻纤增强硬质聚氨酯超低温保温材料。
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