CN107088576B - Method for improving acid soil - Google Patents
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- CN107088576B CN107088576B CN201610088062.1A CN201610088062A CN107088576B CN 107088576 B CN107088576 B CN 107088576B CN 201610088062 A CN201610088062 A CN 201610088062A CN 107088576 B CN107088576 B CN 107088576B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving acid soil, which comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly applying calcium oxide into acid soil, and flushing hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the acid soil with water after 0-60 days; and (3) applying sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure along with water when replacing fresh water in 1-30 days before planting, 1-15 days after planting, 15-35 days and 36-90 days respectively. The method provided by the invention can effectively treat the acid soil, is simple and easy to operate and low in investment, and can restore the soil to a state suitable for normal growth of crops in the current year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of acid soil treatment, in particular to a method for improving acid soil.
Background
Acid soil is a general term for soil having a pH of less than 7. Including brick red soil, red soil, yellow soil, dry red soil and other soils. In tropical and subtropical areas of China, various red or yellow soil acid soils are widely distributed. The local air temperature is high, the rainfall is large, and the annual rainfall is more than 1500 mm. The characteristics of high temperature, much rain, wet heat and the same season make the weathering and soil forming of the soil strong and the circulation of the biological material very quick. The salt group is highly unsaturated, and the pH value is generally 4.5-6. The method is characterized in that the soil is strong in acidity, part of the soil is high in salt content, and the soil is seriously hardened.
The existing method for improving the acid soil mainly comprises the steps of applying a substance containing calcium oxide or an alkaline fertilizer into the soil and increasing the pH value of the soil through acid-base neutralization. The improvement methods generally have the problems of long improvement time, large investment, low economic return rate and the like, the improved soil can not meet the requirements of healthy soil in the current year, the pH value, salt content index and physicochemical index of the soil can not meet the requirements of plant growth, the plant growth state in the current year is improved, and the yield is extremely low or even the yield is extremely low under severe conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of long soil improvement time, large investment, low economic return rate and the like in the prior art, and provides a method for improving acid soil, which is simple and easy to operate and can restore the soil to a state suitable for normal growth of crops in the current year.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into acid soil;
step two: and after 0-60 days, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the acid soil along with water.
Calcium oxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaO, commonly known as quicklime. The pure CaO is white powder, while the impure CaO is off-white, and is light yellow or gray with impurities, and has hygroscopicity. The CaO or inorganic matters containing CaO is applied to the acid soil, so that the pH value of the soil can be effectively adjusted, and the ecological environment suitable for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms is achieved.
The hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride is a low molecular weight polyelectrolyte, is orange viscous liquid, has a general relative molecular weight of 400-800, is nontoxic, is easily soluble in water, and has high chemical stability and thermal stability and a decomposition temperature of over 330 ℃. The hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride is added into acid soil, the solubility of calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate in the soil can be improved through the complexation solubilization effect of the hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride, and then the quantity of active calcium ions in the soil is improved, the active calcium ions can replace sodium ions tightly adsorbed with soil colloid, the replaced sodium ions are dissociated in water and chelated with negative high molecular groups to form a complex dissolved in the water, the complex is discharged along with irrigation water or absorbed by plants, and the combination of the calcium ions and the soil colloid is favorable for the formation of a soil aggregate structure, so that the soil hardening condition is improved.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, which preferably comprises the following steps:
step three: and (3) applying the bacterial manure into acid soil 1-30 days before planting.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, which preferably comprises the following steps:
step four: 1-15 days after planting, the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure are flushed into the acid soil along with water for the first time.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, which preferably comprises the following steps:
step five: after 16-35 days of sowing, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure into acid soil along with water for the second time;
step six: and (4) after 36-90 days of sowing, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and the bacterial manure into the acid soil along with water for the third time.
The present invention provides a method for improving acid soil, which preferably comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into acid soil;
step two: after 10-20 days, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into acid soil along with water;
step three: applying the bacterial manure into acid soil 6 days before planting, and planting 6 days after planting;
step four: 3 days after planting, firstly, the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure are flushed into acid soil along with water;
step five: the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure are flushed into acid soil with water for the second time 30 days after planting;
step six: and (4) after 45 days of sowing, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and the bacterial manure into the acid soil with water for the third time.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, as a preferred mode, the calcium oxide is calcium lime containing calcium oxide, dolomitic lime or other soil conditioners, and the dosage is 10-300 kg/mu; the mass percentage of the hydrolyzed maleic anhydride is 50%, and the dosage is 0.5-20 kg/mu.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, and as an optimal mode, the dosage of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride in the second step to the sixth step is 0.5-10 kg/mu, and the dosage of bacterial manure is 0.5-10 kg/mu.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, and as a preferred mode, the bacterial fertilizer consists of bacillus subtilis and paenibacillus mucilaginosus, and the effective viable count of the bacterial fertilizer is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/mL.
Bacillus subtilis is a kind of Bacillus. The single cell (0.7-0.8) × (2-3) microns is uniformly colored, has no capsule, is periflagellar and can move. The bacillus subtilis can be quickly colonized and propagated in rice bodies, can effectively reduce the accumulation of the pyricularia oryzae and toxins thereof, and can form competition of nutrition and space sites with other harmful bacteria. The bacillus subtilis is added into the acid soil, so that the flora structure of the soil can be effectively improved.
The bacillus mucilaginosus is a biological fertilizer, can be artificially cultured, is mainly added as a biological functional bacterium and is suitable for various crops. The high-activity bacillus mucilaginosus is rich in effective and active bacillus mucilaginosus, can propagate and grow in soil, generates metabolic products such as organic acid, capsular polysaccharide and the like, destroys the lattice structure of aluminosilicate, insoluble phosphorus compounds and the like, decomposes and releases soluble phosphorus and potassium elements and medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, improves the soil fertility, provides absorbable and utilizable nutrient elements for crops, simultaneously generates physiological active substances such as gibberellin, cytokinin, microbial enzymes, bacterial polysaccharide and the like, and promotes nutrient absorption and growth metabolism of the crops. The bacillus mucilaginosus is added into the acid soil, so that the flora structure of the soil can be effectively improved.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, as a preferred mode, the step four to the step six of flushing hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure into the acid soil with water comprises two steps:
step A: the hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride is flushed into acid soil along with water;
and B: and after half an hour, the bacterial manure is flushed into the acid soil along with water.
The addition time of the bacterial manure is half an hour later than that of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, so that the applicability of the soil can be improved by hydrolyzing the polymaleic anhydride, and the survival rate of the strains can be improved.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil, and as an optimal mode, the second step, the fourth step and the sixth step also comprise the step of flushing sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the acid soil with water at the same time, wherein the mass percent of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 30 percent, and the using amount is 0.5-10 kg/mu. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, white or yellowish powdery or flaky solid, molecular formula C18H29NaO3S, molecular weight 348.48. Is difficult to volatilize and easy to dissolve in water, and is dissolved in water to form a semitransparent solution. In the case of an alkali, the alkali is,dilute acid, hard water, stable chemical property and slight toxicity. The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate serving as an anionic surfactant has good surface activity and stronger hydrophilicity, effectively reduces the tension of an oil-water interface, achieves an emulsification effect, can enable hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride to be better dispersed in water, and better improves the soil hardening condition.
The invention firstly adjusts the pH value of the acid soil by the alkaline substance containing CaO, then further improves the pH value of the soil and the structure of hardened soil by the complexation solubilization of the hydrolytic maleic anhydride, and then adjusts the soil for a plurality of times by the synergistic action of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride and the bacterial manure, further improves the flora structure and the physicochemical index of the soil, can effectively treat the acid soil, has simple and easy operation and small investment, and can ensure that the soil can be restored to the state suitable for the normal growth of crops in the current year.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The experiment is carried out on the double-phoenix cattle shed in Longchang county, Sichuan, the experimental land is acid soil, and rice is planted after improvement. The pH value of the soil is 4.8, the total salt content is 0.4%, and the soil is seriously hardened. The experimental plot was divided evenly into 4 parts, which were labeled as zone a, zone B, zone C, and zone D.
The experimental area A is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into the area A according to 200 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: applying 50% of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride by mass into the area A according to the weight percentage of 10 kg/mu;
step three: and transplanting rice seedlings.
The experimental area B is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into the area B according to 200 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: and transplanting rice seedlings.
The experimental plot C is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying 50% of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride by mass into the area C according to the weight ratio of 10 kg/mu;
step two: and transplanting rice seedlings.
The experimental plot D is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil in the region D by using soil ploughing machinery;
step two: and (5) transplanting rice seedlings.
The other field management modes of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the experimental area are the same.
The results of the rice survey of different areas of the experimental plot are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 survey results of rice
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with the rice planted in the acid soil improved by other methods, the yield of the rice is increased by at least 85 percent, the yield can reach the middle-yield level, the tillering rate of the rice is increased by at least 133 percent, the plant height is increased by at least 33 percent, the thousand seed weight is increased by at least 18 percent, and the rice quality is correspondingly improved; meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, the salt content is obviously reduced, the hardening condition is obviously improved, and the soil is restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops.
Example 2
The experiment is carried out on the double-phoenix cattle shed in Longchang county, Sichuan, the experimental land is acid soil, and rice is planted after improvement. The pH value of the soil is 5.0, the total salt content is 0.5%, and the hardening is serious. The experimental plot was divided evenly into 4 parts, which were labeled as zone a, zone B, zone C, and zone D.
The experimental area A is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying quicklime into the area A according to 200 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: after 60 days, applying 50% of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride in a mass fraction of 10 kg/mu into the area A;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the dosage of 5 kg/mu 3 days before rice transplanting;
step four: transplanting rice seedlings after 3 days.
The experimental area B is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying quicklime into the area B according to 200 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 5 kg/mu 3 days before rice transplanting;
step three: transplanting rice seedlings after 3 days.
The experimental plot C is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying 50% of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride by mass into the area C according to the weight ratio of 10 kg/mu;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 5 kg/mu 3 days before rice transplanting;
step three: transplanting rice seedlings after 3 days.
The experimental plot D is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil in the region D by using soil ploughing machinery;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 5 kg/mu 3 days before rice transplanting;
step three: transplanting rice seedlings after 3 days.
The other field management modes of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the experimental area are the same.
The results of the rice survey of different areas of the experimental plot are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 survey results of rice
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, compared with the rice planted in the acid soil improved by other methods, the yield of the rice is increased by at least 35%, the high-yield level can be achieved, the tillering rate of the rice is increased by at least 60%, the plant height is increased by at least 11%, the thousand seed weight is increased by at least 20%, and the rice quality is correspondingly improved; meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, the salt content is obviously reduced, the hardening condition is obviously improved, and the soil is restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops.
Example 3
The experiment is carried out on the double-phoenix cattle shed in Longchang county, Sichuan, the experimental land is acid soil, and rice is planted after improvement. The pH value of the soil is 4.9, the total salt content is 0.6%, and the soil is seriously hardened. The experimental plot was divided evenly into 4 parts, which were labeled as zone a, zone B, zone C, and zone D.
The experimental area A is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying dolomitic lime into the area A according to the weight of 300 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: after 10 days, simultaneously applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu 6 days before rice transplanting, and transplanting rice 6 days later;
step four: 3 days after rice transplanting, respectively applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: 30 days after rice transplanting, respectively applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu for half a hour;
step six: and (3) applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively 45 days after rice transplanting, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu in half a hour.
The experimental area B is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying dolomitic lime into the area B according to the weight of 300 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu for the first time 6 days before rice transplanting, and transplanting rice after 6 days;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the second time 3 days after rice transplanting;
step five: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the third time 30 days after rice transplanting;
step six: and (4) applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu in the fourth time 45 days after rice transplanting.
The experimental plot C is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu 6 days before rice transplanting, and transplanting rice 6 days later;
step three: 3 days after rice transplanting, respectively applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: 30 days after rice transplanting, respectively applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and after 45 days of rice transplanting, respectively applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu for the third time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour.
The experimental plot D is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil in the region D by using soil ploughing machinery;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu 6 days before rice transplanting, and transplanting rice 6 days later;
step three: applying 30% by mass of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the first time 3 days after rice transplanting, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: 30 days after rice transplanting, applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in percentage by mass into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and (3) applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in percentage by mass into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the third time 45 days after rice transplanting, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour.
The other field management modes of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the experimental area are the same.
The results of the rice survey of different areas of the experimental plot are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 survey results of rice
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, compared with the rice planted in the acid soil improved by other methods, the yield of the rice is increased by at least 34%, the high-yield level can be achieved, the tillering rate of the rice is increased by at least 60%, the plant height is increased by at least 15%, the thousand seed weight is increased by at least 23%, and the rice quality is correspondingly improved; meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, the salt content is obviously reduced, the hardening condition is obviously improved, and the soil is restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops.
Example 4
Experiments are carried out in double-phoenix town cattle shed village in Longchang county, Sichuan, the experimental land is acid soil, and corns are planted after the improvement. The pH value of the soil is 4.9, the total salt content is 0.4%, and the soil is seriously hardened. The experimental plot was divided evenly into 4 parts, which were labeled as zone a, zone B, zone C, and zone D.
The experimental area A is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into the area A according to the proportion of 150 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: applying 50% of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride by mass percentage into the area A after 15 days according to 2 kg/mu;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the using amount of 2 kg/mu 3 days before corn planting, and planting corn 3 days later;
step four: 3 days after the corn is planted, applying 50% of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride by mass into the area A according to the use amount of 1.0 kg/mu, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 1.0 kg/mu after half an hour;
the experimental area B is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into the area B according to the proportion of 150 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu 3 days before corn planting, and planting corn 3 days later;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 1.0 kg/mu 3 days after the corn is planted;
the experimental plot C is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying 50% of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride by mass into the area C according to the weight ratio of 2 kg/mu;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the using amount of 2 kg/mu 3 days before corn planting, and planting corn 3 days later;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the dosage of 1.0 kg/mu 3 days after the corn is planted;
the experimental plot D is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil in the region D by using soil ploughing machinery;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the using amount of 2 kg/mu 3 days before corn planting, and planting corn 3 days later;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 1.0 kg/mu 3 days after the corn is planted;
the results of the regional corn survey for the different experimental plots are shown in table 4.
Table 4 corn survey results
As can be seen from the data in Table 4, compared with the corn planted in the acid soil improved by other methods, the yield of the corn is increased by at least 68%, the yield can reach the level of middle yield, the thousand grain weight of the corn is increased by at least 15%, and the quality of the corn is correspondingly improved; meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, the salt content is obviously reduced, the hardening condition is obviously improved, and the soil is restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops.
Example 5
Experiments are carried out in double-phoenix town cattle shed village in Longchang county, Sichuan, the experimental land is acid soil, and corns are planted after the improvement. The pH value of the soil is 5.1, the total salt content is 0.5%, and the hardening is serious. The experimental plot was divided evenly into 4 parts, which were labeled as zone a, zone B, zone C, and zone D.
The experimental area A is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying the dolomitic lime into the area A according to the weight of 10 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: simultaneously applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively;
step three: 1 day before corn planting, applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu, and planting corn 1 day later;
step four: 1 day after corn planting, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 0.5 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: 16 days after the corn is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 0.5 kg/mu in half an hour;
step six: and applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the dosages of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively 36 days after the corn is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu in half an hour.
The experimental area B is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying the dolomitic lime into the area B according to the weight of 10 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: 1 day before corn planting, applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu for the first time, and planting corn after 1 day;
step three: 1 day after corn planting, applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu for the second time;
step five: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu for the third time 16 days after the corn is planted;
step six: and applying bacterial manure to the area B according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu in the fourth time 36 days after the corn is planted.
The experimental plot C is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area C1 day before corn planting according to the using amount of 0.5 kg/mu, and planting corn 1 day later;
step three: 1 day after corn planting, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 0.5 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: 16 days after the corn is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 0.5 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and (3) applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C at the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu and 0.5 kg/mu respectively 45 days after the corn is planted for the third time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C at the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu after half an hour.
The experimental plot D is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil in the region D by using soil ploughing machinery;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu 1 day before corn planting, and planting corn 1 day later;
step three: 1 day after corn planting, applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in mass percentage into the area D according to the using amount of 0.5 kg/mu for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the using amount of 0.5 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: 16 days after the corn is planted, applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in percentage by mass into the area D according to the using amount of 0.5 kg/mu for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the using amount of 0.5 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and (3) applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in percentage by mass into the area D according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu 45 days after the corn is planted for the third time, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 0.5 kg/mu after half an hour.
The other field management modes of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the experimental area are the same.
The results of the regional corn survey for the different experimental plots are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 corn survey results
As can be seen from the data in Table 5, compared with the corn planted in the acid soil improved by other methods, the yield of the corn is increased by at least 62%, the yield can reach the level of middle yield, the thousand grain weight of the corn is increased by at least 16%, and the quality of the corn is correspondingly improved; meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, the salt content is obviously reduced, the hardening condition is obviously improved, and the soil is restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops.
Example 6
The experiment of the double-phoenix cattle shed in Longchang county, Sichuan is carried out, the experimental land is acid soil, and soybeans are planted after improvement. The pH value of the soil is 5.1, the total salt content is 0.4%, and the hardening is serious. The experimental plot was divided evenly into 4 parts, which were labeled as zone a, zone B, zone C, and zone D.
The experimental area A is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying dolomitic lime into the area A according to the weight of 300 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: after 20 days, simultaneously applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 2 kg/mu 3 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 3 days later;
step four: 2 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: 35 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu in half a hour;
step six: and (3) applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively 50 days after the soybean is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu in half a hour.
The experimental area B is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying dolomitic lime into the area B according to the weight of 300 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu for the first time 3 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 3 days later;
step three: 2 days after the soybean is planted, applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the second time;
step five: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the third time 35 days after the soybean is planted;
step six: and (3) applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu in the fourth time 50 days after the soybean is planted.
The experimental plot C is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu 3 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 3 days later;
step three: 2 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively 35 days after the soybean is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and (3) 50 days after the soybeans are planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively for the third time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour.
The experimental plot D is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil in the region D by using soil ploughing machinery;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 2 kg/mu 3 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 3 days later;
step three: 2 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in percentage by mass into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: applying 30% by mass of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the second time 35 days after the soybean is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and (3) 50 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in percentage by mass into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the third time, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour.
The other field management modes of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the experimental area are the same.
The results of the regional soybean survey for different experimental areas are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Soybean survey results
As can be seen from the data in Table 6, the yield of the soybeans planted in the acidic soil after being improved according to the method is increased by at least 31 percent compared with that of the soybeans planted in other ways, the yield can reach the level of middle yield, the thousand grain weight of the soybeans is increased by at least 25 percent, and the quality of the soybeans is correspondingly improved; meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, the salt content is obviously reduced, the hardening condition is obviously improved, and the soil is restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops.
Example 7
The experiment of the double-phoenix cattle shed in Longchang county, Sichuan is carried out, the experimental land is acid soil, and soybeans are planted after improvement. The pH value of the soil is 4.9, the total salt content is 0.4%, and the soil is seriously hardened. The experimental plot was divided evenly into 4 parts, which were labeled as zone a, zone B, zone C, and zone D.
The experimental area A is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying dolomitic lime into the area A according to the weight of 300 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: after 60 days, simultaneously applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 20 kg/mu respectively;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu 30 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 30 days later;
step four: 15 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: 35 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively for the second time, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu in half a hour;
step six: and (3) applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area A according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively 90 days after the soybean is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area A according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu in half a hour.
The experimental area B is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying dolomitic lime into the area B according to the weight of 300 kg/mu by using a fertilizing machine;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the first time 30 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 30 days later;
step three: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the second time 15 days after the soybean is planted;
step five: applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the third time 35 days after the soybean is planted;
step six: and (3) applying bacterial manure into the area B according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu in the fourth time 90 days after the soybean is planted.
The experimental plot C is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 20 kg/mu respectively;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu 30 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 30 days later;
step three: 15 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively 35 days after the soybean is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and (3) applying 30 mass percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 50 mass percent of hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into the area C according to the use amounts of 10 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively 90 days after the soybean is planted for the third time, and applying bacterial manure into the area C according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu after half an hour.
The experimental plot D is improved according to the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ploughing the soil in the region D by using soil ploughing machinery;
step two: applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu 30 days before soybean planting, and planting soybeans 30 days later;
step three: 15 days after the soybean is planted, applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in percentage by mass into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the first time, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step four: applying 30% by mass of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the second time 35 days after the soybean is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour;
step five: and (3) applying 30% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in mass percentage into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu for the third time 90 days after the soybean is planted, and applying bacterial manure into the area D according to the dosage of 10 kg/mu after half an hour.
The other field management modes of the area A, the area B, the area C and the area D of the experimental area are the same.
The results of the regional soybean survey for different experimental areas are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 Soybean survey results
As can be seen from the data in Table 7, the yield of the soybeans planted in the acidic soil after being improved according to the method is increased by at least 32 percent compared with that of the soybeans planted in other ways, the yield can reach the level of middle yield, the thousand grain weight of the soybeans is increased by at least 24 percent, and the quality of the soybeans is correspondingly improved; meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, the salt content is obviously reduced, the hardening condition is obviously improved, and the soil is restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops.
And (4) experimental conclusion: according to the experimental data of the embodiments 1 to 7, the method provided by the invention can be used for improving the acid soil, effectively improving the pH value of the soil, reducing the salt content of the soil, improving the soil hardening condition and enabling the soil to be more suitable for crop growth; the improvement method is simple and easy to implement, good in effect and quick in effect, and the soil can be restored to a state suitable for normal growth of crops in the current year.
The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications, changes, and equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving acid soil, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into acid soil;
step two: after 10-60 days, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into acid soil along with water;
step three: applying bacterial manure into acid soil 1-30 days before planting;
step four: 1-15 days after planting, firstly, flushing hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure into acid soil with water;
step five: after 16-35 days of planting, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure into acid soil along with water for the second time;
step six: after 36-90 days of planting, the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure are flushed into the acid soil with water for the third time;
wherein, the dosage of the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride in the second step to the sixth step is 0.5-10 kg/mu, and the dosage of the bacterial manure is 0.5-10 kg/mu.
2. A method for improving acid soils according to claim 1 wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly applying calcium oxide into acid soil;
step two: after 10-20 days, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride into acid soil along with water;
step three: applying the bacterial manure into acid soil 6 days before planting, and planting 6 days after planting;
step four: 3 days after planting, firstly, the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure are flushed into acid soil along with water;
step five: the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure are flushed into acid soil with water for the second time 30 days after planting;
step six: and (4) after 45 days of planting, flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and bacterial manure into acid soil with water for the third time.
3. A method for improving acid soil according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: step one, the calcium oxide is calcium lime containing calcium oxide, dolomitic lime or other soil conditioners, and the dosage is 10-300 kg/mu; the mass percentage of the hydrolyzed maleic anhydride is 50%, and the dosage is 0.5-20 kg/mu.
4. A method for improving acid soils according to claim 1 wherein: the bacterial fertilizer consists of bacillus subtilis and paenibacillus mucilaginosus, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/mL.
5. A method for improving acid soils according to claim 1 wherein: the step four-step six, the step of flushing the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride and the bacterial manure into the acid soil with water comprises two steps:
step A: the hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride is flushed into acid soil along with water;
and B: and after half an hour, the bacterial manure is flushed into the acid soil along with water.
6. A method for improving acid soils according to claim 5, characterized in that: and step two, step four to step six, the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride are flushed into acid soil along with water, wherein the mass percentage of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 30%, and the dosage of the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is 0.5-10 kg/mu.
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