CN107081127A - 一种石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球的制备方法。首先用碳水化合物水溶液、氧化石墨烯、氢氧化钾混合得到混合分散液,再进行雾化干燥、炭化、活化。氢氧化钾的加入导致氧化石墨烯发生聚集,将碳水化合物包裹在氧化石墨烯层间。雾化干燥后氧化石墨烯片发生褶皱,进一步包覆碳水化合物。炭化过程中碳水化合物形成疏松多孔的活性炭,而氧化石墨烯片上的基团脱落导致氧化石墨烯微球发生膨胀,通过二者共同作用得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球,经进一步的活化造孔后得到孔洞更加丰富的结构。本发明得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球具有高比表面积和孔体积,密度低,可被用于空气净化、水处理、吸波材料、电化学材料等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石墨烯材料领域,涉及一种石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球的制备方法。
背景技术
生命健康是现代社会人们最为关注的问题之一,而形形色色的污染物无时不刻在威胁着人类生活。我们日常生活中难免会接触空气污染,包括可挥发有机气体,如苯类,醛类,酸类,醇类,醚类等等,以及目前最受关注的PM2.5,因此许多人在思考如何能避免吸入有害气体。空气净化材料是目前最常用的手段之一,通过对空气中污染物的吸附、分解,可以降低空气中污染物含量,起到净化空气的效果。其中,活性炭是研究最为广泛的材料。活性炭是以含炭量较高和空隙比较发达的物质,如煤、果壳、木材、骨、石油残渣等为原料,先经过炭化,高温活化处理而得到。其表面积越大,吸附能力就越强;活性炭是非极性分子,易于吸附非极性或极性很低的吸附质;活性炭吸附剂颗粒的大小,细孔的构造和分布情况以及表面化学性质等对吸附也有很大的影响。
随着2008年诺贝尔奖的颁布,“石墨烯”这个名字走进了人们的视野。作为一种厚度仅为0.34nm的二维碳材料,石墨烯展现出优异的力学性能,电学性能,热学性能和独特的电磁学性能,受到了全世界研究者的广泛关注,甚至有人提出了硅时代后是碳时代的口号。石墨烯在许多领域显示出广阔的应用前景,并已逐步走向实际应用。而在空气净化材料领域,石墨烯超高的比表面积(2600m2/g),高的可塑性,出色的力学性能都使其展现出极大潜质。但是目前石墨烯组装而成的宏观材料面临强度不高,孔结构难保持等问题,因此将石墨烯与其他材料相结合是一条更加可行的道路。专利201310590113.7《一种石墨烯改性活性炭的制备方法》中采用简单混合将石墨烯和传统木质或者秸秆活性炭相匹配,经活化后得到石墨烯改性的活性炭,具有高比表面积,可用于电容器领域。但是简单地混合难以利用石墨烯本身高比表面积的性能,探索新的复合方法更加具有前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的技术不足,提供一种石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水溶性碳水化合物加入水中,配成溶液,与氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体进行炭化、活化、洗涤得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述的碳水化合物为蔗糖、纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖、木糖中的一种,碳水化合物和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1~10:1。
进一步地,步骤(2)中所述的氧化石墨烯分散液中还加入氢氧化钾,氢氧化钾和氧化石墨烯的质量比为5~30:1。
进一步地,步骤(3)中所述的雾化温度为100~200℃。
进一步地,步骤(4)中所述的炭化温度为300~500℃,炭化时间为1~6h,活化温度为500~1000℃,活化时间为1~4h。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明首先将水溶性碳水化合物和氧化石墨烯在水中混合均匀,加入氢氧化钾后体系的PH值上升,氧化石墨烯片发生部分堆叠,使得碳水化合物分子被包裹进氧化石墨烯片间,形成初步复合结构。雾化干燥后,水的脱除导致氧化石墨烯片发生褶皱,将氢氧化钾和碳水化合物分子一起包裹起来形成微球。在炭化阶段,一方面碳水化合物脱水形成碳结构,另一方面氧化石墨烯片上的基团快速脱除,产生的气体导致石墨烯片急剧膨胀,整体呈现出“爆米花”式的体积增大。在最后的活化阶段,氢氧化钾同时和碳水化合物及石墨烯反应,产生新的微孔-介孔结构,洗涤后得到了具有多级孔结构的复合微球。石墨烯片搭建形成多孔骨架,活性炭粒子存在于石墨烯片间,形成稳定结构。本发明所得多孔材料具有高比表面积、高孔隙率和低密度,稳定性好,可用于空气净化、水处理、催化载体、电化学材料等领域。
具体实施方式
制备石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球的方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将水溶性碳水化合物加入水中,配成溶液,与氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;所述的碳水化合物为蔗糖、纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖、木糖中的一种,碳水化合物和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1~10:1;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;所述的氢氧化钾的质量与氧化石墨烯的质量比为5~30:1;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体;所述的雾化温度为100~200℃;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体进行炭化、活化、洗涤得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球;所述的炭化温度为300~500℃,炭化时间为1~6h,活化温度为500~1000℃,活化时间为1~4h。
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述,本实施例只用于对本发明做进一步的说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据上述发明的内容做出一些非本质的改变和调整均属本发明的保护范围。
本发明中所述的微球为本领域的常用技术术语,并不是对直径的限定,微球直径不是本发明研究的目的。此外,本发明所述方法制备得到的微球直径在100nm~50um不等。
实施例1:
(1)将1份淀粉加入水中,配成溶液,与1份氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入5份氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体,雾化温度为130℃。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体在500℃下炭化2h,在800℃下活化2h,洗涤,得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
经以上步骤,得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球为黑色蓬松粉体,密度为0.24g/cm3,比表面积为1420m2/g,孔体积为1.87cm3/g,亚甲蓝吸附值为379ml/g。
实施例2:
(1)将5份淀粉加入水中,配成溶液,与1份氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入15份氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体,雾化温度为130℃。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体在500℃下炭化2h,在800℃下活化2h,洗涤,得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
经以上步骤,得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球为黑色蓬松粉体,密度为0.33g/cm3,比表面积为1360m2/g,孔体积为1.76cm3/g,亚甲蓝吸附值为362ml/g。
实施例3:
(1)将10份淀粉加入水中,配成溶液,与1份氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入25份氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体,雾化温度为130℃。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体在500℃下炭化2h,在500℃下活化4h,洗涤,得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
经以上步骤,得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球为黑色蓬松粉体,密度为0.45g/cm3,比表面积为1250m2/g,孔体积为1.61cm3/g,亚甲蓝吸附值为314ml/g。
实施例4:
(1)将5份淀粉加入水中,配成溶液,与1份氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入15份氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体,雾化温度为130℃。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体在400℃下炭化2h,在1000℃下活化1h,洗涤,得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
经以上步骤,得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球为黑色蓬松粉体,密度为0.3g/cm3,比表面积为1470m2/g,孔体积为1.88cm3/g,亚甲蓝吸附值为387ml/g。
实施例5:
(1)将3份壳聚糖加入水中,配成溶液,与1份氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入10份氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体,雾化温度为100℃。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体在300℃下炭化6h,在1000℃下活化4h,洗涤,得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
经以上步骤,得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球为黑色蓬松粉体,密度为0.21g/cm3,比表面积为1580m2/g,孔体积为1.95cm3/g,亚甲蓝吸附值为387ml/g。
实施例6:
(1)将2份纤维素加入水中,配成溶液,与1份氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入12份氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体,雾化温度为200℃。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体在500℃下炭化1h,在600℃下活化2h,洗涤,得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
经以上步骤,得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球为黑色蓬松粉体,密度为0.18g/cm3,比表面积为1650m2/g,孔体积为2.02cm3/g,亚甲蓝吸附值为406ml/g。
实施例7:
(1)将20份纤维素加入水中,配成溶液,与1份氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入40份氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体,雾化温度为200℃。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体在500℃下炭化1h,在600℃下活化2h,洗涤,得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
经以上步骤,得到的石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球为黑色蓬松粉体,密度为0.57g/cm3,比表面积为950m2/g,孔体积为1.39cm3/g,亚甲蓝吸附值为284ml/g。
Claims (5)
1.一种石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将水溶性碳水化合物加入水中,配成溶液,与氧化石墨烯水溶液混合均匀,得到复合水溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的复合水溶液加入氢氧化钾,调节溶液PH至10以上,不断搅拌得到氧化石墨烯包裹碳水化合物的分散液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的分散液进行雾化干燥,得到复合粉体。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的复合粉体进行炭化、活化、洗涤得到石墨烯/活性炭复合多孔微球。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的碳水化合物为蔗糖、纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖、木糖等中的一种,碳水化合物和氧化石墨烯的质量比为1~10:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的氢氧化钾的质量与氧化石墨烯的质量比为5~30:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的雾化温度为100~200℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的炭化温度为300~500℃,炭化时间为1~6h,活化温度为500~1000℃,活化时间为1~4h。
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