CN107074851B - 作为αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂用于治疗例如纤维变性疾病的萘啶衍生物 - Google Patents
作为αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂用于治疗例如纤维变性疾病的萘啶衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107074851B CN107074851B CN201580052204.2A CN201580052204A CN107074851B CN 107074851 B CN107074851 B CN 107074851B CN 201580052204 A CN201580052204 A CN 201580052204A CN 107074851 B CN107074851 B CN 107074851B
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- methyl
- pyrazol
- ethyl
- phenyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)化合物或其盐,其中R1表示五元芳香族杂环,其选自N‑或C‑连接的单或二取代的吡唑、N‑或C‑连接的任选单或二取代的三唑、或N‑或C‑连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,该五元芳香族杂环可以被选自氢原子、甲基、乙基、氟原子、羟基甲基、2‑羟基丙‑2‑基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基或氟甲基中的一个或两个基团取代,条件是当R1表示N‑连接的单或二取代的吡唑时,R1不代表3,5‑二甲基‑1H‑吡唑‑1‑基、5‑甲基‑1H‑吡唑‑1‑基、5‑乙基‑3‑甲基‑1H‑吡唑‑1‑基、3,5‑二乙基‑1H‑吡唑‑1‑基、4‑氟‑3,5‑二甲基‑1H‑吡唑‑1‑基、3‑甲基‑1H‑吡唑‑1‑基或1H‑吡唑‑1‑基。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及作为αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的吡咯烷化合物,包含此类化合物的药物组合物,和它们在治疗中(尤其在治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的病症中)的用途,化合物在制备用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的病症的药物中的用途,和治疗和预防人中的需要αvβ6整联蛋白的拮抗作用的病症的方法。
发明背景
整联蛋白超家族蛋白是由α和β亚基构成的异源二聚细胞表面受体。已经报道了至少18种α亚基和8种β亚基,其已经表明形成24种不同的α/β异源二聚体。每条链包含大细胞外结构域(对于β亚基,>640个氨基酸,对于α亚基,>940个氨基酸),每条链具有约20个氨基酸的跨膜跨越区域,并且通常每条链具有30-50个氨基酸的短胞质尾。不同的整联蛋白已经显示参与繁多的细胞生物学,包括细胞粘附至细胞外基质,细胞-细胞相互作用,和对细胞迁移、增殖、分化和存活的影响(Barczyk等人,Cell and Tissue Research,2010,339,269)。
整联蛋白受体通过短蛋白-蛋白结合界面与结合蛋白相互作用。整联蛋白家族可以分为在此类配体中共享相似的结合识别基序的亚家族。主要的亚家族是RGD-整联蛋白,其识别在其蛋白序列内含有RGD(精氨酸-甘氨酸- 天冬氨酸)基序的配体。在该亚家族中存在8种整联蛋白,即αvβ1、αvβ3、αvβ5、αvβ6、αvβ8、αIIbβ3、α5β1、α8β1,其中命名法表明αvβ1、αvβ3、αvβ5、αvβ6和αvβ8共享共同的αv亚基和不同的β亚基,且αvβ1、α5β1和α8β1共享共同的β1亚基和不同的α亚基。β1亚基已经显示与11种不同的α亚基配对,其中只有上述列出的3种通常识别RGD肽基序(Humphries等,Journal of Cell Science, 2006,119,3901)。
8种结合RGD的整联蛋白对不同的含有RGD的配体具有不同的结合亲和力和特异性。配体包括蛋白诸如纤连蛋白、玻连蛋白、骨桥蛋白和转化生长因子β1和β3(TGFβ1和TGFβ3)的潜在相关肽(LAP)。与TGFβ1和TGFβ3的 LAP结合的整联蛋白已经显示在几个系统中能够激活TGFβ1和TGFβ3生物活性,和随后的TGFβ-驱动的生物学(Worthington等,Trends inBiochemical Sciences,2011,36,47)。这种配体的多样性,连同结合RGD的整联蛋白的表达模式,为疾病干预产生了多种机会。此类疾病包括纤维变性疾病(Margadant 等人,EMBOreports,2010,11,97)、炎性病症、癌症(Desgrosellier等人,Nature Reviews Cancer,2010,10,9)、再狭窄和具有血管生成组分的其它疾病(Weis 等人,ColdSpring.Harb.Perspect.Med.2011,1,a 006478)。
文献中已经公开了大量的αv整联蛋白拮抗剂(Goodman等人,Trends inPharmacological Sciences,2012,33,405),包括抑制剂抗体、肽和小分子。对于抗体,包括泛-αv拮抗剂英妥木单抗和Abituzumab(Gras,Drugs of the Future, 2015,40,97),选择性αvβ3拮抗剂埃达珠单抗,和选择性αvβ6拮抗剂STX-100。西仑吉肽(Cilengitide)是抑制αvβ3和αvβ5两者的环状肽拮抗剂,且SB-267268 是抑制αvβ3和αvβ5两者的化合物的实例(Wilkinson-Berka等人,Invest. Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci.,2006,47,1600)。化合物充当αv整联蛋白的不同组合的拮抗剂的发明使得能够产生且适合于特定疾病适应症的新药。
肺纤维化代表几种间质性肺病的终末期,包括特发性间质性肺炎,并且其特征在于细胞外基质在肺间质中的过度沉积。在特发性间质性肺炎中,特发性肺纤维化(IPF)代表最常见和最致命的病症,其在诊断后典型的存活时间为3至5年。IPF中的纤维化通常是进行性的,当前药理学干预是难治的,并且不可避免地导致由于功能性肺泡单位的闭塞引起的呼吸衰竭。IPF在美国和欧洲影响约50万人。
有体外实验、动物和IPF患者免疫组织化学数据支持上皮细胞限制性整联蛋白αvβ6在TGFβ1的活化中的关键作用。这种整联蛋白的表达在正常上皮组织中较低,并且在损伤的和发炎的上皮(包括IPF中的活化的上皮)中明显上调。因此,靶向这种整联蛋白降低了干扰更宽的TGFβ内稳态作用的理论可能性。已经显示通过抗体阻断对αvβ6整联蛋白的部分抑制可预防肺纤维化而不加重炎症(Horan GS等人,Partial inhibition of integrinαvβ6prevents pulmonary fibrosis without exacerbating inflammation.Am J RespirCrit Care Med 2008 177:56-65)。在肺纤维化之外,αvβ6也被认为是其他器官(包括肝和肾)的纤维化病的重要启动子(在Henderson NC等人,integrin-mediated regulation ofTGFβin Fibrosis,Biochimica et Biophysica Acta–Molecular Basis of Disease 20131832:891-896中综述),其表明αvβ6拮抗剂可有效地治疗多器官中的纤维化疾病。
与几个结合RGD的整联蛋白可以结合并激活TGFβ的观察相一致,最近发现不同的αv整联蛋白涉及纤维化疾病(Henderson NC等人,Targeting of αv integrin identifiesa core molecular pathway that regulates fibrosis in several organs NatureMedicine 2013Vol 19,Number 12:1617-1627;Sarrazy V等人, integrinsαvβ5andαvβ3promote latent TGF-β1activation by human cardiac fibroblast contractionCardiovasc Res 2014 102:407-417;Minagawa S等人, Selective targeting of TGF-βactivation to treat fibroinflammatory airway disease Sci Transl Med 2014Vol6,Issue 241:1-14;Reed NI等人,Theαvβ1integrin plays a critical in vivo role intissue fibrosis Sci Transl Med 2015Vol 7,Issue 288:1-8)。因此,针对结合RGD的整联蛋白家族的特定成员的抑制剂或具有结合RGD的整联蛋白家族内的特异性选择性指纹的抑制剂可有效治疗多器官中的纤维化疾病。
已经描述了一系列针对αvβ3、αvβ5、αvβ6和αvβ8的整联蛋白拮抗剂的SAR 关系(Macdonald,SJF等人.Structure activity relationships ofαv integrin antagonistsfor pulmonary fibrosis by variation in aryl substituents.ACS MedChemLett2014,5,1207-1212.19Sept 2014)。
本发明的一个目的是提供αvβ6拮抗剂,优选具有针对其它αv整联蛋白(例如αvβ1、αvβ3、αvβ5或αvβ8)的活性。
发明概述
在本发明的第一方面,提供了式(I)化合物或其盐,更具体地为式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中R1表示五元芳香族杂环,其选自N-或C-连接的单或二取代的吡唑、 N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑、或N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,该五元芳香族杂环可以被选自氢原子、甲基、乙基、氟原子、羟基甲基、2-羟基丙-2-基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基或氟甲基中的一个或两个基团取代,条件是当R1表示N-连接的单或二取代的吡唑时,R1不代表3,5-二甲基-1H- 吡唑-1-基、5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、5-乙基-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3,5-二乙基 -1H-吡唑-1-基、4-氟-3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基或1H- 吡唑-1-基。
式(I)化合物和它们的盐具有αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂活性,可用于治疗或预防某些疾病。术语αvβ6拮抗剂活性包括文中的αvβ6抑制剂活性。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了包含式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的药物组合物。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了用于治疗(特别是治疗其中需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症)的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本发明的第四方面,提供了在需要的人中治疗或预防需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括向需要的人给药治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本发明的第五方面,提供了式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
在本发明的第六个方面中,提供了式(XI)化合物
其中R1如前所述,
X1表示羟基或在人体中通过代谢可水解的基团,以形成相应的式(I)的酸化合物,其中X1为–OH;
Y1表示氢或在人体中通过代谢可水解的基团,以形成相应的式(I)的氨基化合物,其中Y1是氢;
条件是当X1为羟基时,Y1不是氢。
发明详述
在本发明的第一个方面中,提供了式(I)化合物或其盐,更具体地为式(I) 化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中R1表示五元芳香族杂环,其选自N-或C-连接的单或二取代的吡唑、 N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑、或N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,该五元芳香族杂环可以被选自氢原子、甲基、乙基、氟原子、羟基甲基、2-羟基丙-2-基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基或氟甲基中的一个或两个基团取代,条件是当R1表示N-连接的单或二取代的吡唑时,R1不代表3,5-二甲基-1H- 吡唑-1-基、5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、5-乙基-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3,5-二乙基 -1H-吡唑-1-基、4-氟-3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基或1H- 吡唑-1-基。
在一个实施方案中,提供了式(I)化合物或其盐,更具体地为式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中R1表示五元芳香族杂环,其选自N-或C-连接的单或二取代的吡唑、 N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑、或N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,该五元芳香族杂环可以被选自氢原子、甲基、乙基、氟原子、羟基甲基、2-羟基丙-2-基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基或氟甲基中的一个或两个基团取代,条件是当R1表示N-连接的单或二取代的吡唑时,R1不代表3,5-二甲基-1H- 吡唑-1-基、5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、5-乙基-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3,5-二乙基 -1H-吡唑-1-基、4-氟-3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基或3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基。
在一个实施方案中,R1为C-连接的单或二取代的吡唑。
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-连接的单或二取代的吡唑。
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑。
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑。
在一个实施方案中,R1为C-连接的单或二取代的吡唑,其选自3-甲基 -1H-吡唑-5-基和1,4-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基。
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-连接的单或二取代的吡唑,其选自3-(2- 羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基和3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基。
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑,其选自4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基、3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基、3-甲基-4H-1,2,4- 三唑-4-基、1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基、1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基;
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,其选自1H-咪唑-1-基,和单或二甲基咪唑,1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基、4-甲基-1H- 咪唑-2-基、(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)和(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)。
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,其选自1H-咪唑-1-基,和单或二甲基咪唑,1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基、4-甲基-1H- 咪唑-2-基和(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)。
在另一个实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,其选自1H-咪唑-1-基和(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)和(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5- 基)。
在一个实施方案中,R1选自下列的杂环:
在一些实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐具有结构式(IA):
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在其他实施方案中,式(I)化合物或其盐具有结构式(IB):
或其药学上可接受的盐。
应当理解,本发明涵盖本文所述的特定和优选基团的所有组合。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示3-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基、1,4-二甲基-1H-吡唑 -5-基、3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基;
在其他实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑,其选自4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基、3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基、3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基、1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基和1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基;
在其他实施方案中,R1为N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,其选自1H-咪唑-1-基,和单或二甲基咪唑,1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基、4-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基,特别是1H-咪唑-1-基和(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)和(2,4-二甲基-1H- 咪唑-5-基)。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示3-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示1,4-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1代表3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1表示1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1代表1H-咪唑-1-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1代表1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基。
在一些实施方案中,R1代表(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)。
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物选自:
3-(3-(3-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基) 乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基) 乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基) 乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8- 萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶 -2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8- 四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)-3-(3-(3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)丁酸,
3-(3-(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基) 乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基) 吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢 -1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶 -2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
(S)-3-(3-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸和
(S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2- 基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
式(I)或(IA)或(IB)化合物既具有碱性胺基团又具有羧酸基团,因此可形成内盐即两性离子。因此,在一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为两性离子盐形式。在另一个实施方案中,式(IA)化合物为两性离子盐形式。在另一个实施方案中,式(IB)化合物为两性离子盐形式。
应当理解,本发明包括作为母体化合物的式(I)化合物及其盐,例如其药学上可接受的盐。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
对于合适盐的综述,参见Berge等人.,J.Pharm.Sci.,66:1-19,(1977)。合适的药学上可接受的盐列于P H Stahl and C G Wermuth,editors,Handbook ofPharmaceutical Salts;Properties,Selection and Use,Weinheim/z urich: Wiley-VCH/VHCA,2002。合适的药学上可接受的盐可以包括与无机酸的酸加成盐,所述无机酸诸如,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、正磷酸、硝酸、磷酸、或硫酸,或与有机酸的酸加成盐,所述有机酸诸如,例如甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、水杨酸、马来酸、甘油磷酸、酒石酸、苯甲酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、萘磺酸诸如2-萘磺酸、己酸或乙酰水杨酸。
通常,药学上可接受的盐适当时可以通过使用期望的酸或碱容易地制备。所得盐可以从溶液中沉淀出来且通过过滤来收集或可以通过蒸发溶剂来回收。
其它非药学上可接受的盐,例如甲酸盐、草酸盐或三氟乙酸盐可以用于例如分离式(I)化合物,且包括在本发明的范围之内。
药学上可接受的碱加成盐可以通过式(I)化合物与合适的有机碱(例如三乙胺、乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、胆碱、精氨酸、赖氨酸或组氨酸),任选在合适的溶剂中反应来形成,以得到碱加成盐,所述碱加成盐通常例如通过结晶和过滤来分离。药学上可接受的无机碱盐包括铵盐,碱金属盐,诸如钠和钾的盐,碱土金属盐,诸如钙和镁的盐,和与有机碱的盐,包括伯胺、仲胺和叔胺(诸如异丙胺、二乙胺、乙醇胺、三甲胺、二环己胺和N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺) 的盐。
在一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物为母体化合物的形式。
本发明在其范围内包括式(I)化合物的盐的所有可能的化学计量和非化学计量形式。
应当理解的是,许多有机化合物可以与它们在其中反应或者它们从其中沉淀或结晶的溶剂形成复合物。这些复合物被称为“溶剂合物”。例如,与水的复合物被称为“水合物”。具有高沸点和/或能够形成氢键的溶剂,诸如水、二甲苯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、甲醇和乙醇可用于形成溶剂合物。用于鉴定溶剂合物的方法包括但不限于NMR和微量分析。应当理解,结晶形式任选地可以溶剂化以形成例如药学上可接受的溶剂合物,例如水合物,其可以是化学计量的水合物以及含有可变量的水的化合物。溶剂合物包括化学计量的溶剂合物和非化学计量的溶剂合物。式(I)化合物可以以溶剂合物或非溶剂合物形式存在。
式(I)化合物可以呈晶体或无定形形式。此外,一些式(I)化合物的晶体形式可以作为多晶型体存在,其包括在本发明的范围之内。式(I)化合物的多晶型形式可以使用多种常规分析技术表征和区分,所述分析技术包括但不限于,X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)图谱、红外(IR)光谱、拉曼光谱、差示扫描量热 (DSC)、热重分析(TGA)和固态核磁共振(SSNMR)。
本文所述的化合物含有两个不对称中心,使得可以形成光学异构体,例如非对映异构体和对映异构体。因此,本发明包括式(I)化合物的异构体,无论是作为分离的单一异构体(例如基本上不含其它异构体)(即纯的)或作为混合物。分离的单一异构体(例如基本上不含其它异构体)(即纯的)可以分离,使得存在小于10%,特别是小于约1%,例如小于约0.1%的另一种异构体。
本领域技术人员应当理解,某些非对映异构体的活性可以小于其它非对映异构体,且单一非对映异构体的活性可以低于选择的限值。
在一个实施方案中,化合物(IA):
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,所述化合物为(IB):
或其药学上可接受的盐。
异构体的分离可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规技术(例如,通过分步结晶、色谱法、HPLC或这些技术的组合)来实现。
式(I)化合物可以几种互变异构形式之一存在。应当理解的是,本发明涵盖式(I)化合物的所有互变异构体,无论是作为单一互变异构体或其混合物。
从上述应当理解的是,式(I)化合物及其盐的溶剂合物、异构体和多晶型形式包括在本发明的范围内。
某些式(I)化合物可以用[18F]标记以形成适合用作诊断疾病例如特发性肺纤维化的PET配体的化合物。所得的[18F]标记的化合物包括在本发明的范围内。
在本发明的第六个方面中,提供了式(XI)化合物
其中R1如上文所定义,
X1表示羟基或在人体中通过代谢可水解的基团,以形成相应的式(I)的酸化合物,其中X1为–OH;
Y1表示氢或在人体中通过代谢可水解的基团,以形成相应的式(I)的氨基化合物,其中Y1是氢;
条件是当X1为羟基时,Y1不是氢。
在一些实施方案中,X1可为基团–ORa,使得式(I)化合物为酯。
例如,基团Ra可以选自C1-6烷基(具有上述例外)如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基(及其异构体)或己基(及其异构体);或选自C1-6烷氧基烷基例如2-甲氧基乙基;或选自C1-6烷基氨基烷基例如2-(二甲基氨基)乙基;或选自C1-6环状碳酸酯如(5-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲基;或C1-6酰氧基烷基例如(新戊酰氧基)甲基。
例如,基团Ra可以选自芳基,例如苯基、5-茚满基或L-酪氨酸基。
例如,基团Ra可以选自含有氨基或酰胺基的基团,例如式-(CH2)nNRbRc 或–(CH2)nCONRbRc的C1-6基团(其中n为1-3,且Ra和Rb独立地为H或 C1-6烷基、环烷基、杂环基或Ra和Rb一起形成环状基团,例如吗啉基)。这种基团的实例包括二甲基氨基乙基、2-(4-吗啉代)乙基和二甲基氨基-2-氧代乙基。
例如,基团Ra可以选自包含α-氨基酸的羟基,例如L-丝氨酸和L-苏氨酸。
例如,基团Ra可以是下式的环状碳酸酯:
其中Rd是氢、甲基、乙基或异丙基。
例如,基团Ra可以选自–CHRe-O-CO-Rf,其中Re是氢或C1-3烷基(例如甲基、乙基或异丙基),且Rf是C1-4烷基(例如甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基)或C5-6环烷基,或四氢吡喃基。
例如,基团Ra可以选自–CH(Rg)-O-CO-O-Ri,其中Rg是氢或C1-3烷基 (例如甲基、乙基或异丙基),且Ri是C1-4烷基(例如甲基、乙基、叔丁基)或 C5-6环烷基,或四氢吡喃基。
在一些实施方案中,X1可为基团–NHRj,使得式(I)化合物是酰胺,其中 Rj可以例如为C1-6烷基。例如式(I)化合物可以是衍生自与氨基酸的α-氨基相连的氨基酸的酰胺,所述氨基酸例如天然存在的L-蛋白质氨基酸,例如甘氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸或精氨酸,或上述蛋白质氨基酸的二肽。例如 Rj可以是蛋白质氨基酸基团,例如连接到氨基酸的侧链ε-氨基的L-赖氨酸基团,例如–(CH2)4CH(NH2)CO2H。
例如Rj可以是磺酰胺基团,例如–SO2-Rk(其中Rk是C1-6烷基例如甲基,或–NRmRn,Rm和Rn独立地是H或C1-6烷基、环烷基、杂环基,或Rm和 Rn一起形成环状基团,例如吗啉基)。
在一些实施方案中,Y1可为氢。
其中Rd为C1-3烷基如甲基、乙基或异丙基。
其中Rl是C1-6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、正戊基或正己基。
在另一个实施方案中,Rl为被OH或NMe2基团取代的C1-6烷基,例如 -CH2CH2OH或–CH2CH2NMe2。
在另一个实施方案中,(c)Y1可为通式的基团,
其中Rm为氢、甲基或异丙基,Rn为C1-6烷基(例如甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基)、环烷基(例如环丁基、环戊基、环己基)、杂环基(例如4-四氢吡喃基)、芳基(例如苯基、取代的苯基)、杂芳基(例如2-、3-或4-吡啶基)。
其中Rq和Rr独立地为氢、苯基、萘基、烷基、Et2NCOCH2-,或Rq 和Rr可以形成C1-6环,例如水杨苷。
在另一个实施方案中,式(I)化合物是双前药,其中X1和Y1如上文以任何组合所定义。
本发明涉及式(I)化合物的所有前药及其药学上可接受的盐,其在给予接受者时能够(直接或间接地)提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,或其活性代谢物或残余物。式(I)化合物的其它合适的前药对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的(参见例如Burger’sMedicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery,5th Edition,Vol 1:Principles andPractice,and J.Rautio等人(Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2008,7,255-270)。
化合物制备
本发明的化合物可以通过各种方法(包括标准化学法)制备。任何先前定义的变量将继续具有先前定义的含义,除非另有说明。下面阐述说明性的一般合成方法,然后在工作实施例中制备本发明的具体化合物。
结构式(I)化合物可以通过以下方法制备,所述方法涉及首先脱保护结构式(II)的化合物,即裂解酯基,随后转化为盐:
其中R1如上文所定义,且
R2为C1至C6烷基,例如甲基或叔丁基。
结构式(II)的化合物(其中R2是甲基)的脱保护可以通过使用例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾水溶液,在合适的溶剂如甲醇、1,4-二噁烷中的碱水解来完成。
结构式(II)的化合物(其中R2是叔丁基)的脱保护可以通过使用例如三氟乙酸或HCl,在合适的溶剂如二氯甲烷、1,4-二噁烷或水中进行酸裂解来完成。
将酯基团裂解之后,所得产物可以通过本领域技术人员众所周知的方法转化为所需的盐。
结构式(II)的化合物(其中R1五元杂环芳环通过碳连接)可以通过下面的方法制备:使结构式(III)的化合物与结构化合物(IV)的所述芳香族杂环的硼酸酯或硼酸进行偶联,
其中R3是氢或环醇,例如频哪醇。结构式(IV)的化合物可以纯硼酸(R3=H) 或硼酸酯(R3=烷基,例如频哪醇基)使用,其可以在水和碱例如氢氧化钾的存在下,原位转化为硼酸,并且X、Y和Z是氢或烷基例如甲基,在碱(例如磷酸三钾)和催化剂(例如(二-降冰片基膦基)(2’-二甲基氨基-1,1’-联苯-2-基) 氯化钯(II))存在下,在合适的溶剂(例如乙醇水溶液)中,在升高的温度(例如 130℃),任选在微波反应器中进行。在该偶联过程中,化合物(II)的甲酯基团可以在碱性反应条件下水解以直接提供化合物(I),而不需要单独的水解步骤。
结构式(III)的化合物可以通过下面的方法制备:在合适的催化剂(如(1,5- 环辛二烯)氯化铑(I)的二聚体或双(降冰片二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I))的存在下,任选地在手性配体(例如(R)-BINAP)存在下,在合适的溶剂(例如1,4-二噁烷)中,在升高的温度(例如95℃),使结构式(V)的化合物(其中R2如前所定义,且双键的几何构型可以是(E)或(E)和(Z)异构体的混合物,优选是纯的(E)异构体) 与(3-溴苯基)硼酸(购自Aldrich)进行偶联。
在(R)-BINAP存在下的偶联反应提供了具有优势异构体的非对映异构体的混合物。非对映异构体可以通过多种分离技术分离,包括结晶、色谱法或优选在Chiralpak或Chiralcel柱上的制备型手性HPLC。当使用(R)-BINAP 时,优势非对映异构体具有(S)构型。
结构式(V)的化合物可以通过下面的方法制备:在碱例如二异丙基乙胺的存在下,在合适的溶剂如二氯甲烷中,使结构式(VI)的化合物与(E)-4-溴丁 -2-烯酸甲酯(其中R2为甲基)或与(E)-4-溴丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯(其中R2为叔丁基)进行烷基化反应。
或者,结构式(VI)的化合物的烷基化可以通过下面的方法实现:在钯催化剂(例如1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II))的存在下,在碱(例如二异丙基乙胺或三乙胺)的存在下,在合适的溶剂(例如二氯甲烷)中,在室温,使结构式(VI)的化合物与(E)-4-乙酰氧基丁-2-烯酸甲酯(其中R2为甲基)或与 (E)-4-乙酰氧基丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯(其中R2为叔丁基)进行偶联。
结构式(VI)的化合物可以通过使用酸(例如氯化氢的1,4-二噁烷溶液)裂解式(VII)化合物的叔丁氧基羰基保护基来制备。
结构式(VII)的化合物可以由结构式(VIII)的化合物通过在催化剂例如5 %的铑/碳上,在溶剂例如乙醇中氢化来制备。
在另一种方法中,结构式(II)的化合物可以由式(V)化合物通过与结构式 (IX)的硼酸或硼酸酯反应制备。
在R-BINAP存在下的偶联反应提供了具有优势异构体的非对映异构体的混合物。非对映异构体可以通过多种分离技术分离,包括结晶、色谱法或优选制备型手性HPLC。结构式(IX)的化合物可以纯硼酸(R3=H)或硼酸酯(R3=烷基,例如频哪醇基)使用,其可以在水和碱例如氢氧化钾的存在下,原位转化为硼酸。化合物(II)的甲酯基团可以在偶联过程期间在碱性反应条件下水解,以直接提供化合物(I),而不需要单独的水解步骤。
其中R1是如上定义的氮连接的芳族杂环,R3是氢或环醇如频哪醇。
结构式(IX)的化合物(其中R3是频哪醇),可以在钯催化剂(如三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(购自Aldrich))的存在下,在膦配体(如2-二环己基膦基-2',4',6'- 三异丙基联苯(X-PHOS)(购自Aldrich))的存在下,在乙酸钾的存在下,在惰性溶剂(如1,4-二噁烷)中,在高温(例如110℃)下,在惰性气氛(如氮气)中,由结构式(X)的化合物与双(频哪醇)二硼(购自Aldrich)反应制备。
在反应结束时向反应混合物中加入水以引起所得频哪醇酯的水解,以提供所需的硼酸。
结构式(X)的化合物可以通过本文所述的方法制备。
结构式(VIII)的化合物[(R)-3-(2-(1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯]可以通过方案1中所述的方法制备。
方案1
试剂和条件:(a)碘,咪唑,三苯基膦,DCM,0℃;(b)2-甲基-[1,8]-萘啶,LiN(TMS)2,THF,0℃.
应当理解,在上述任何路线中,保护一个或多个官能团可能是有利的。保护基的实例及其去除的方法可以在T.W.Greene‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’(3rdedition,J.Wiley and Sons,1999)中找到。合适的胺保护基包括酰基(例如乙酰基)、氨基甲酸酯(例如2',2',2'-三氯乙氧基羰基、苄氧基羰基或叔丁氧基羰基)和芳烷基(例如苄基),所述胺保护基可视情况通过水解 (例如使用酸如氯化氢的二噁烷溶液或三氟乙酸的二氯甲烷溶液)或还原(例如苄基或苄氧基羰基的氢解,或使用锌的乙酸溶液还原除去2’,2’,2’-三氯乙氧基羰基)除去。其它合适的胺保护基包括三氟乙酰基(-COCF3),其可通过碱催化水解除去。
应当理解,在上述任何途径中,将各种基团和部分引入分子的合成步骤的精确顺序可以改变。确保在该方法的一个阶段引入的基团或部分不受随后的转化和反应的影响,相应地,选择合成步骤的顺序在本领域技术人员的技术范围内。
化合物(I)的绝对构型可以按照由已知绝对构型的中间体的独立对映选择性合成获得。或者,对映体纯的化合物(I)可以转化为其绝对构型已知的化合物。在任一情况下,分析型手性HPLC上的谱图数据,旋光性和保留时间的比较可用于确认绝对构型。第三种可能的选择是通过X射线晶体学确定绝对构型。
式(II)至(X)的某些化合物也是新的并因此形成本发明的另一方面。
使用方法
式(I)化合物及其盐具有αv整联蛋白拮抗剂活性、特别是αvβ6受体活性,因此在治疗需要αvβ6拮抗剂的疾病或病症中具有潜在的用途。
因此本发明提供了式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗。式 (I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症。
因此本发明提供了式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症。
还提供了式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
还提供了在有需要的受试者中治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症的方法,其包括给药治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
合适地,有需要的受试者是哺乳动物,特别是人。
如本文所使用的术语“有效量”是指将引发例如研究人员或临床医师寻求的组织、系统、动物或人的生物学或医学反应的药物或药剂的量。此外,术语“治疗有效量”是指与没有接受此量的相应受试者相比,导致疾病、病症或副作用的改进的治疗、治愈、预防或减轻,或疾病或病症的进展速率降低的任何量。该术语在其范围内还包括有效增强正常生理功能的量。
纤维变性疾病涉及修复或反应过程中的器官或组织中过量纤维性结缔组织的形成。αvβ6拮抗剂可用于治疗各种此类疾病或病症,包括依赖于αvβ6整联蛋白功能和经由αv整联蛋白活化转化生长因子β的那些。疾病可以包括但不限于肺纤维化(例如,特发性肺纤维化、非特异性间质性肺炎(NSIP)、普通型间质性肺炎(UIP)、赫-普综合征(Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome)、进行性大块纤维化(煤矿工人的尘肺病的并发症)、结缔组织病相关的肺纤维化、哮喘和COPD中的气道纤维化、ARDS相关的纤维化、急性肺损伤;辐射诱导的纤维化;家族性肺纤维化;肺动脉高压);肾纤维化(糖尿病肾病、IgA肾病、狼疮性肾炎;局灶节段性肾小球硬化(FSGS)、移植肾病、自身免疫性肾病、药物诱导的肾病、高血压相关的肾病、肾源性系统纤维化);肝纤维化(病毒诱导的纤维化(例如,丙型肝炎或乙型肝炎)、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(包括非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、先天性肝纤维化、原发性硬化性胆管炎、药物诱导的肝炎、肝硬化);皮肤纤维化(增生性瘢痕、硬皮病、瘢痕疙瘩、皮肌炎、嗜酸性筋膜炎、迪皮特朗挛缩(Dupytrenscontracture)、埃-当综合征(Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)、佩罗尼病(Peyronie’sdisease)、营养不良性大疱性表皮松解(epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica)、口腔粘膜下纤维化);眼部纤维化(年龄相关性黄斑变性 (AMD)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿、干眼症、青光眼)、角膜瘢痕形成、角膜损伤和角膜伤口愈合、预防小梁切除术后的滤泡瘢痕;心脏纤维化(充血性心力衰竭、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死、心内膜心肌纤维化、肥大性心肌病(HCM)) 和其它混杂纤维化病症(纵隔纤维化、骨髓纤维化、腹膜后纤维化、克罗恩病、神经纤维瘤病、子宫肌瘤(纤维瘤)、慢性器官移植排斥)。αvβ1、αvβ5或αvβ8整联蛋白的额外抑制作用可存在额外的益处。
此外,还可以治疗与αvβ6整联蛋白相关的癌前期病变或癌症(这些可以包括但不限于:子宫内膜癌、基底细胞癌、肝癌、结肠癌、子宫颈癌、口腔癌、胰腺癌、乳腺和卵巢癌、卡波西肉瘤、巨细胞肿瘤和与基质相关的癌症)。可以得益于对血管生成的影响的病症也可受益(例如实体瘤)。
术语“需要αvβ6拮抗剂的疾病或病症”意欲包括任何或所有上述疾病状态。
在一个实施方案中,所述需要αvβ6拮抗剂的疾病或病症为特发性肺纤维化。
在另一个实施方案中,所述需要αvβ6拮抗剂的疾病或病症选自角膜瘢痕形成、角膜损伤和角膜伤口愈合。
组合物
在治疗中使用时,尽管式(I)化合物以及其药学上可接受的盐可以作为原料化学品给药,但其通常作为药物组合物的活性成分存在。
因此本发明在另外方面提供了包含式(I)化合物或药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂的药物组合物。式(I) 化合物和药学上可接受的盐如上所述。载体、稀释剂或赋形剂在与组合物的其它成分相容且对其接受者无害的意义上必须是可接受的。
根据本发明的另一个方面,还提供了用于制备药物组合物的方法,其包括混合物式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。所述药物组合物可以用于治疗本文所述的任何疾病。
进一步提供了用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
进一步提供了包含0.01至3000mg式(I)化合物或其药用盐和0.1至2g 的一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的药物组合物。
由于式(I)化合物意欲用于药物组合物中,容易理解的是,它们各自优选以基本上纯的形式提供,例如,至少60%纯,更合适地至少75%纯,优选至少85%纯,尤其是至少98%纯(基于重量的重量%)。
药物组合物可以每个单位剂量含有预定量的活性成分的单位剂量形式呈现。优选的单位剂量组合物是含有每日剂量或亚剂量或其适当部分的活性成分的组合物。此类单位剂量可以因此一天给药多于一次。优选的单位剂量组合物是含有如上文所述的每日剂量或亚剂量(用于一天给药多于一次)或其适当部分的活性成分的那些组合物。
药物组合物可以适于通过任何适当的途径,例如通过口服(包括口腔或舌下)、直肠、吸入、鼻内、局部(包括口腔、舌下或经皮)、阴道、眼睛或肠胃外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内或真皮内)途径来给药。此类组合物可以通过药剂领域中已知的任何方法来制备,例如通过使活性成分与载体或赋形剂结合在一起。
在一个实施方案中,药物组合物适于口服给药。
适于口服给药的药物组合物可以呈现为离散的单元,诸如胶囊或片剂;粉末或颗粒剂;水性或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液;可食性泡沫或泡剂 (whip);或者水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂。
例如,对于片剂或胶囊形式的口服给药,活性药物成分可以与口服的非毒性的药学上可接受的惰性载体(诸如乙醇、甘油、水等)组合。适于引入片剂或胶囊的粉末可以通过将化合物降低至适当的细度(例如通过微粉化)且与类似地制备的药物载体(诸如可口服的碳水化合物,如例如,淀粉或甘露醇) 混合而制备。调味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和着色剂也可以存在。
胶囊可以通过制备如上所述的粉末混合物且填充形成的胶囊壳而制备。助流剂和润滑剂(诸如胶体二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或固体聚乙二醇)可以在填充操作之前添加至粉末混合物。也可以添加崩解剂或增溶剂(诸如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠)以改善摄入胶囊时的药物的可利用度。
此外,当期望或必要时,合适的粘合剂、助流剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、调味剂、崩解剂和着色剂也可以掺入混合物中。合适的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖(诸如葡萄糖或β-乳糖)、玉米甜味剂、天然和合成的胶(诸如阿拉伯胶、黄芪胶或藻酸钠)、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡等。
在这些剂型中使用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。
崩解剂包括但不限于淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、皂土、黄原胶等。片剂通过,例如,制备粉末混合物,制粒或压制,添加润滑剂和崩解剂且压制成片而配制。粉末混合物通过混合适当地粉碎的化合物与如上所述的稀释剂或基质及任选地粘合剂(诸如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)、溶解延迟剂(诸如石蜡)、吸收加速剂(诸如季盐)和/或吸收剂(诸如皂土、高岭土或磷酸二钙)而制备。粉末混合物可以通过用粘合剂诸如糖浆、淀粉糊、阿拉伯胶浆(acadia mucilage)或者纤维素物质或聚合物的溶液润湿且强制通过筛网而制粒。作为制粒的替代方式,粉末混合物可以通过压片机,因此将未完全成形的小块破碎成粒。颗粒可以通过添加硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、滑石粉或矿物油的方式被润滑以防止粘结到成片模上。润滑的混合物随后被压成片。本发明的化合物也可以与自由流动的惰性载体组合且被直接压成片而不经过制粒或成块步骤。可以提供由虫胶的密封层、糖或聚合材料的包衣和蜡的上光包衣组成的透明或不透明的保护性包衣。可以将染料添加至这些包衣中以区分不同的单位剂型。
口服液(诸如溶液、糖浆和酏剂)可以被制备成剂量单位形式,使得给定量含有预定量的化合物。糖浆可以通过将化合物溶解在适当调味的水性溶液中制备,而酏剂通过利用非毒性醇媒介物来制备。悬浮液可以通过将化合物分散于非毒性媒介物中来配制。也可以添加增溶剂和乳化剂(诸如乙氧基化异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚)、防腐剂、调味添加剂(诸如薄荷油)或者天然甜味剂或糖精或其它人造甜味剂等。
适当时,用于口服给药的剂量单位组合物可以是微囊包封的。该制剂也可以通过例如在聚合物、蜡等中包衣或包埋微粒材料而制备以延长或持续释放。
本发明的化合物也可以脂质体递送系统的形式(诸如小单层囊泡、大单层囊泡和多层囊泡)来给药。脂质体可由多种磷脂(诸如胆固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱)形成。
适合经皮给药的药物组合物可以呈现为离散的贴剂,其目的是保持与接受者的表皮紧密接触延长的一段时间。
适合局部给药的药物组合物可以配制为软膏、霜剂、悬浮液、乳液、粉末、溶液、糊剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂或油。
对于眼或其他外部组织(例如口和皮肤)的治疗,组合物优选以局部软膏剂或乳膏剂的形式给药。当配制为软膏剂时,活性成分可以与石蜡基的软膏基质或与水混溶的软膏基质一起使用。可选地,可以使用水包油乳膏基质或油包水基质将活性成分配制入乳膏剂中。本发明的化合物可以作为局部滴眼剂给药。本发明的化合物可以通过结膜下、前房内或玻璃体内途径给药,这将需要比每日给药更长的给药间隔。
适于局部给药至眼的药物组合物包括滴眼剂,其中活性成分溶于或混悬于适合的载体特别是含水溶剂中。给药至眼的制剂应具有眼科上相容的pH 和重量摩尔渗透压浓度。可以将一种或多种眼科上可接受的pH调节剂和/ 或缓冲液包括入本发明的组合物中,其包括酸例如乙酸、硼酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、磷酸和盐酸;碱例如氢氧化钠、磷酸钠、硼酸钠、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠和乳酸钠;和缓冲液例如柠檬酸盐/右旋糖、碳酸氢钠和氯化铵。所包括的这样的酸、碱和缓冲液的量可以为将组合物的pH保持在眼科上可接受的范围内所需的量。一种或多种眼科上可接受的盐可以足以使组合物的重量摩尔渗透压浓度达到眼科可接受的范围的量包括在组合物中。这样的盐包括具有钠、钾或铵阳离子和氯化物、柠檬酸根、抗坏血酸根、硼酸根、磷酸根、碳酸氢根、硫酸根、硫代硫酸根或亚硫酸氢根阴离子的那些。
眼部递送设备可以经设计用于以多种限定的释放速率和持续的剂量动力学和渗透性控制释放一种或多种治疗剂。可以通过引入具有能够增强药物扩散、侵蚀、溶解和渗透的聚合物分子量、聚合物结晶度、共聚物比例、加工条件、表面加工、几何形状、赋形剂添加和聚合物涂层的不同选择和性质的生物可降解的/生物可蚀的聚合物(例如聚(乙烯乙烯基)乙酸酯(EVA)、超水解的PVA)、羟基烷基纤维素(HPC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟基丙基甲基纤维素 (HPMC)、聚己内酯、聚(乙醇)酸、聚(乳)酸、聚酸酐而设计聚合物基质,从而可以获得控制释放。
用于使用眼部设备进行药物递送的制剂可以组合适于所示的给药途径的一种或多种活性剂和佐剂。例如,活性剂可以与任何药学上可接受的赋形剂、乳糖、蔗糖、淀粉粉末、醇酸的纤维素酯、硬脂酸、滑石、硬脂酸镁、氧化镁、磷酸和硫酸的钠盐和钙盐、阿拉伯胶、明胶、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯基吡咯烷、和/或聚乙烯醇共混,压片或包囊用于常规给药。可选地,化合物可以溶于聚乙二醇、丙二醇、羧甲基纤维素胶体溶液、乙醇、玉米油、花生油、棉籽油、芝麻油、黄蓍胶和/或多种缓冲液中。化合物还可以与具有时间延迟性质的生物可降解的和生物不可降解的聚合物、和载体或稀释剂混合。生物可降解的组合物的代表性的实例可以包括白蛋白、明胶、淀粉、纤维素、右旋糖、多糖、聚(D,L-丙交酯)、聚(D,L-丙交酯-共-乙交酯)、聚(乙交酯)、聚(羟基丁酸酯)、聚(烷基碳酸酯)和聚(原酸酯)及其混合物。生物不可降解的聚合物的实例可以包括EVA共聚物,硅橡胶和聚(丙烯酸甲酯)及其混合物。
用于眼部递送的药物组合物还包括可原位胶凝的含水组合物。这样的组合物包含胶凝剂,其浓度足以在与眼或泪液接触时促进胶凝。适合的胶凝剂包括但不限于热固化的聚合物。在给药至眼时,此处使用的术语“可原位胶凝”不仅包括与眼接触或与泪液接触时形成凝胶的低粘度的液体,而且还包括更粘的液体例如显示出大幅增加粘度或凝胶刚性的半流体的和触变的凝胶。参见例如Ludwig(2005)Adv.Drug Deliv.Rev.3;57:1595-639,由于其对于用于眼部药物递送的聚合物的实例的教导的目的,将其在此处并入本文作为参考。
适合在口中局部给药的药物组合物包括糖锭剂、软锭剂和漱口剂。
适合直肠给药的药物组合物可以呈现为栓剂或灌肠剂。
用于经鼻或吸入给药的剂型可以方便地配制为气溶胶、溶液剂、悬浮剂、凝胶剂或干粉剂。
对于合适和/或适于吸入给药的组合物,优选的是,本发明的化合物呈粒径减小的形式,更优选地,尺寸减小的形式通过微粉化获得或可通过微粉化获得。尺寸减小(例如,微粉化)的化合物或盐的优选粒径通过约0.5至约10 微米的D50值(例如如使用激光衍射测量)定义。
气溶胶制剂(例如,用于吸入给药)可以包含活性物质于药学上可接受的水性或非水性溶剂中的溶液或细悬浮液。气溶胶制剂可以无菌形式的单或多剂量呈现于密封容器中,这可以采用药筒的形式或再填充用于喷雾装置或吸入器使用。或者,所述密封容器可以是单位分配装置,诸如装有计量阀的单剂量鼻吸入器或气溶胶分配器(计量剂量吸入器),其意欲用于一旦容器的内容物已经耗尽则废弃。
当剂型包含气溶胶分配器时,其优选含有压力下的合适推进剂,诸如压缩空气,二氧化碳或有机推进剂,诸如氢氟烃(HFC)。合适的HFC推进剂包括1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷和1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷。气溶胶剂型也可以采取泵式雾化器的形式。加压气溶胶可以含有活性化合物的溶液或悬浮液。这可需要引入额外赋形剂,例如共溶剂和/或表面活性剂,以改善悬浮液制剂的分散特征和均匀性。溶液制剂也可需要添加共溶剂诸如乙醇。也可以引入其它赋形剂改性剂以改善,例如,制剂的稳定性和/或味道和/或细粒质量特征(量和/或概况)。
对于合适和/或适于吸入给药的药物组合物,所述药物组合物可以是干粉可吸入组合物。此类组合物可以包含粉末基质,诸如乳糖、葡萄糖、海藻糖、甘露醇或淀粉,式(I)的化合物或其盐(优选呈粒径减小的形式,例如呈微粉化形式),和任选地性能改性剂诸如L-亮氨酸或另一种氨基酸和/或硬脂酸的金属盐诸如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙。优选地,干粉可吸入组合物包含乳糖和式 (I)的化合物或其盐的干粉掺合物。乳糖优选为乳糖水合物,例如,乳糖一水合物,和/或优选为吸入等级和/或精细等级乳糖。优选地,乳糖的粒径定义为90%或更多(以重量计或以体积计)的乳糖颗粒直径小于1000微米(例如, 10-1000微米,例如30-1000微米)和/或50%或更多的乳糖颗粒直径小于500 微米(例如,10-500微米)。更优选地,乳糖的粒径定义为90%或更多的乳糖颗粒直径小于300微米(例如,10-300微米,例如50-300微米)和/或50%或更多的乳糖颗粒直径小于100微米。任选地,乳糖的粒径定义为90%或更多的乳糖颗粒直径小于100-200微米和/或50%或更多的乳糖颗粒直径小于 40-70微米。最重要地,优选约3至约30%(例如,约10%)(以重量计或以体积计)的颗粒直径小于50微米或小于20微米。例如,但非限制,合适的吸入等级乳糖是E9334乳糖(10%精细)(Borculo Domo Ingredients,Hanzeplein 25,8017JD Zwolle,Netherlands)。
任选地,尤其对于干粉可吸入组合物,可以掺入到纵向安装于合适的吸入装置内部的条或带中的多个密封剂量容器(例如,含有干粉组合物)中。所述容器是根据需要可破裂或可剥离打开的,且例如干粉组合物的剂量可以通过经由装置诸如GlaxoSmithKline销售的DISKUS TM装置吸入而给药。 DISKUS TM吸入装置例如描述于GB2242134A中,在该装置中,至少一个用于粉末形式的药物组合物的容器(所述一个或多个容器优选为纵向安装在带或带中的多个密封剂量容器)限定在两个彼此可剥离地固定的构件之间;该装置包括:限定所述一个或多个容器的开启位置的装置;在开启位置分开的剥离组件以打开容器的装置;连接开启容器的出口,使用者可以通过该出口从开启容器吸入粉末形式的药物组合物。
本发明化合物可以配制用于吸入或鼻内给药,作为从液体分配器递送的液体制剂,所述液体分配器例如具有分配喷嘴或分配喷孔的液体分配器,在使用者施加力至液体分配器的泵机构之后,通过该喷嘴或喷孔分配计量剂量的液体制剂。此类液体分配器通常提供有多个计量剂量的液体制剂的存储器,所述剂量在相继泵致动之后可以分配。分配喷嘴或分配喷孔可以构造为用于插入使用者的鼻孔中或用于将液体制剂喷雾分配于鼻腔中。上述类型的液体分配器在WO-A-2005/044354中描述和说明,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。分配器具有容纳液体交换装置的外壳,所述液体交换装置具有安装在用于包含液体制剂的容器上的压缩泵。该外壳具有至少一个手指可操作的侧杆,所述侧杆可相对于外壳向内移动,以凸轮控制容器在外壳内向上移动以引起泵压缩,且通过外壳的鼻喷嘴将计量剂量的制剂从泵杆中泵出。一种特别优选的液体分配器是在WO-A-2005/044354的图30-40中说明的通用类型。
用于吸入或鼻内给药的组合物也可以通过雾化给药至肺和呼吸道的其它区域。此类组合物可以是水性溶液或悬浮液。用于通过雾化吸入的溶液可以通过添加试剂诸如酸或碱、缓冲盐、等渗调节剂、表面活性剂或抗微生物剂诸如苯扎氯铵(BAC)进行配制。所述组合物可以是无菌的且无抗微生物防腐剂。它们可以灭菌,例如,通过过滤或在高压釜中加热。它们可以呈现为非无菌溶液。治疗有效量的本发明的化合物的单一单位剂量可以被提供为单一容器中的预混合、预测量的制剂。
适合阴道给药的药物组合物可以呈现为阴道栓剂、卫生棉条、霜剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫剂或喷雾制剂。
适合肠胃外给药的药物组合物包括水性和非水性无菌注射溶液,其可以含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和使组合物与预期的接受者的血液等渗的溶质;和水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,其可以包括悬浮剂和增稠剂。组合物可以呈现于单位剂量或多剂量容器中,例如密封的安瓿和小瓶,并且可以在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下保存,其只需要在临使用前添加无菌液体载体,例如注射用水。即配注射溶液和悬浮液可以由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。
本发明化合物的治疗有效量依赖于许多因素,包括例如受试者的年龄和体重、需要治疗的确切的病症和其严重度、制剂的性质和给药途径,且最终决定于经治医师或兽医的判断。在药物组合物中,用于口服或肠胃外给药的每个剂量单位优选地含有0.01-3000mg、0.1-2000mg,典型地更优选0.5-1000 mg本发明化合物,以母体化合物计算。
用于鼻或吸入给药的每个剂量单位优选含有0.001至50mg,更优选0.01 至5mg,还更优选10至50mg的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以游离碱计算。
对于喷雾溶液或悬浮液的给药,剂量单位通常含有1至15mg,例如2mg 至10mg或4mg至6mg,其可适当地每天一次,每天两次或每天多于两次递送。本发明的化合物可以以用于在药房中或由患者重构的干燥或冻干粉末提供,或者可以例如在盐水溶液中提供。
用于经鼻或吸入给药的每个剂量单位优选地含有作为游离碱计算的 0.001-50mg,更优选0.01-50mg,仍更优选10-50mg的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受的盐。
本发明的药学上可接受的化合物可以每日剂量(对于成人患者)的式(I)化合物或其药学可接受的盐给药,例如每天0.01mg至3000mg或每天0.5mg 至1000mg的口服或肠胃外剂量;或每天0.001至50mg或每天0.01至50mg 或每天10至50mg的鼻或吸入剂量,以游离碱计算。该量可以每日单一剂量给予,或者更通常以采用每日许多(诸如二、三、四、五或六次)亚剂量给予,使得每日总剂量是相同的。式(I)化合物的盐的有效量可以作为化合物本身的有效量的比例而确定。
本发明的化合物可以单独使用或与其它治疗剂组合使用。因此根据本发明的组合治疗包括给药至少一种式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及使用至少一种其它药学活性剂。优选地,本发明的组合治疗包括给药至少一种式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及至少一种其它药学活性剂。本发明的化合物和其它药物活性剂可以在单一药物组合物中一起给药或分开给药,当分开给药时,这可以同时或以任何顺序相继给药。选择本发明的化合物和其它药学活性剂的量以及相对给药时机以获得预期的组合疗效。
因此,在另一方面,提供了包含本发明的化合物和至少一种其它药学活性剂的组合。
因此,在一个方面,根据本发明的化合物和药物组合物可以与一种或多种其它治疗剂组合使用,或者可包含一种或多种其它治疗剂,所述治疗剂包括用于过敏性疾病、炎性疾病、自身免疫疾病,抗纤维化疗法和用于呼吸道阻塞疾病的疗法,或用于糖尿病眼病的疗法,以及用于角膜瘢痕形成、角膜损伤和角膜伤口愈合的疗法。
抗过敏疗法包括抗原免疫治疗(例如蜂毒、花粉、牛奶、花生、CpG基序、胶原、细胞外基质的其它组分的组分或片段,其可作为口服或舌下抗原给药)、抗组胺药(例如西替利嗪、氯雷他定、阿伐斯汀、非索非那定 (fexofenidine)、扑尔敏),和皮质类固醇(例如丙酸氟替卡松、糠酸氟替卡松、二丙酸倍氯米松、布地奈德、环索奈德、糠酸莫米松、曲安奈德、氟尼缩松、泼尼松龙、氢化可的松)。
抗炎疗法包括NSAID(例如阿司匹林、布洛芬、萘普生)、白细胞三烯调节剂(例如孟鲁司特、扎鲁司特、普仑司特)和其它抗炎疗法(例如iNOS抑制剂、类胰蛋白酶抑制剂、IKK2抑制剂、p38抑制剂(洛吡莫德、dilmapimod)、弹性蛋白酶抑制剂、β2激动剂、DP1拮抗剂、DP2拮抗剂、pI3Kδ抑制剂、ITK抑制剂、LP(溶血磷脂酸)抑制剂或FLAP(5-脂氧合酶激活蛋白)抑制剂(例如3-(3-(叔丁基硫基)-1-(4-(6-乙氧基吡啶-3-基)苄基)-5-((5-甲基吡啶-2-基)甲氧基)-1H-吲哚-2-基)-2,2-二甲基丙酸钠);腺苷a2a激动剂(例如腺苷和瑞加诺生)、趋化因子拮抗剂(例如CCR3拮抗剂或CCR4拮抗剂)、介质释放抑制剂。
自身免疫性疾病的疗法包括DMARDS(例如甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、硫唑嘌呤)、生物疗法(例如抗-IgE、抗-TNF、抗白细胞介素(例如抗-IL-1、抗-IL-6、抗-IL-12、抗-IL-17、抗-IL-18))、受体疗法(例如依那西普和类似的药剂);抗原非特异性免疫疗法(例如干扰素或其它细胞因子/趋化因子、细胞因子/趋化因子受体调节剂、细胞因子激动剂或拮抗剂、TLR激动剂和类似的药剂)。
其它抗纤维化疗法可用于组合中,包括TGFβ合成的抑制剂(例如吡非尼酮),靶向血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血小板衍生的生长因子(PDGF)和成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)受体激酶的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(例如Nintedanib (BIBF-1120)和甲磺酸伊马替尼(Gleevec)),内皮素受体拮抗剂(例如安立生坦或马西替坦),抗氧化剂(例如N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC);广谱抗生素(例如磺胺甲基异噁唑,四环素(盐酸米诺环素)),磷酸二酯酶5(PDE5)抑制剂(例如西地那非),抗-αvβx抗体和药物(例如抗-αvβ6单克隆抗体(例如WO2003100033A2 中所述的那些),英妥木单抗,西仑吉肽)。
阻塞性气道疾病的疗法包括支气管扩张剂,例如短效β2-激动剂(例如沙丁胺醇),长效β2-激动剂(例如沙美特罗、福莫特罗和维兰特罗),短效毒蕈碱拮抗剂(例如异丙托溴铵),长效毒蕈碱拮抗剂(例如噻托溴铵,芜地溴铵)。
本发明的化合物和组合物可以单独或与癌症疗法(包括化学疗法、放射疗法、靶向药物、免疫疗法和细胞或基因疗法)组合用于治疗癌症。
本领域技术人员清楚,在合适的情况下,其它治疗成分可以以盐(例如作为碱金属或胺盐或作为酸加成盐),或前药,或者作为酯(例如低级烷基酯),或作为溶剂合物(例如水合物)的形式使用,以优化治疗成分的活性和/或稳定性和/或物理特性,例如溶解度。还清楚的是,在适当的情况下,治疗成分可以以光学纯的形式使用。
上述组合可方便地以药物组合物的形式使用,因此包含如上定义的组合以及药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体的药物组合物代表本发明的另一方面。这种组合的单个化合物可以在单独或组合的药物组合物中顺序或同时给药。优选地,单独的化合物将在组合的药物组合物中同时给药。已知治疗剂的合适剂量将容易被本领域技术人员理解。
应当理解,当本发明的化合物与一种或多种通常通过吸入、静脉内、口服、鼻内、眼部局部或其它途径给药的其它治疗活性剂组合给予时,所得药物组合物可通过相同途径给药。或者,组合物中的各个组分可以通过不同的途径给药。
现在将仅通过实施例来阐明本发明。
缩写
以下列表提供了本文使用的某些缩写的定义。应当理解,该列表不是穷尽的,但是本文以下没有定义的那些缩写的含义对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
Ac(乙酰基)
BCECF-AM(2',7'-双-(2-羧基乙基)-5-(和-6)-羧基荧光素乙酰氧基甲酯)
BEH(乙烯桥接杂化技术)
Bu(丁基)
CHAPS(3-[(3-胆酰胺基丙基)二甲基铵基]-1-丙磺酸内盐)
Chiralcel OD-H(涂覆在5μm硅胶上的纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯))
Chiralpak AD-H(涂覆在5μm硅胶上的直链淀粉三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯))
Chiralpak ID(固定在5μm硅胶上的直链淀粉三(3-氯苯基氨基甲酸酯))
Chiralpak AS(涂覆在5μm硅胶上的直链淀粉三((S)-α-甲基苄基氨基甲酸酯))
CSH(带电表面杂化技术)
CV(柱体积)
DCM(二氯甲烷)
DIPEA(二异丙基乙胺)
DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)
DMSO(二甲基亚砜)
Et(乙基)
EtOH(乙醇)
EtOAc(乙酸乙酯)
h(小时)
HCl(盐酸)
HEPES(4-(2-羟基(氟甲基)-1-哌嗪乙磺酸)
LCMS(液相色谱质谱)
LiHMDS(六甲基二硅基氨基锂)
MDAP(质量定向自动制备型HPLC)
Me(甲基)
MeCN(乙腈)
MeOH(甲醇)
min分钟
MS(质谱)
PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2[1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)与二氯甲烷的络合物
Ph(苯基)
iPr(异丙基)
(R)-BINAP(R)-(+)-2,2′-双(二苯基膦基)-1,1′-联萘
Si(二氧化硅)
SPE(固相萃取)
TBME(叔丁基甲基醚)
TEA(三乙胺)
TFA(三氟乙酸)
THF(四氢呋喃)
TLC(薄层色谱法)
所有提及的盐水是指氯化钠的饱和水溶液。
实验细节
分析型LCMS
分析型LCMS在下列系统A至C之一上进行。
对所有系统的紫外检测是从波长220nm到350nm的平均信号,使用交替扫描正和负模式电喷雾电离在质谱仪上记录质谱。
本文提及的LCMS系统A-C的实验细节如下:
系统A
柱:50mm×2.1mm ID,1.7μm Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱
流速:1mL/min.
温度:40℃
溶剂:A:用氨水溶液调节至pH10的10mM碳酸氢铵的水溶液
B:乙腈
系统B
柱:50mm×2.1mm ID,1.7μm Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱
流速:1mL/min
温度:40℃
溶剂:A:0.1%v/v甲酸的水溶液
B:0.1%v/v甲酸的乙腈溶液
系统C
柱:50mm×2.1mm ID,1.7μm Acquity UPLC CSH C18柱
流速:1mL/min.
温度:40℃
溶剂:A:用氨水溶液调节至pH10的10mM碳酸氢铵的水溶液
B:乙腈
系统D
柱:50mm×2.1mm ID,1.7μm Acquity UPLC CSH C18柱
流速:1mL/min.
温度:40℃
溶剂:A:0.1%v/v甲酸的水溶液
B:0.1%v/v甲酸的乙腈溶液
质量定向自动制备型HPLC
粗产物通过下列方法A通过MDAP HPLC纯化。运行时间为15分钟,除非另外说明。对所有方法的紫外检测是从波长210nm到350nm的平均信号,使用交替扫描正和负模式电喷射电离在质谱仪上记录质谱。
方法A:
方法A在XBridge C18柱(通常100mm×30mm内径5μm填充直径)上在室温进行。使用的溶剂是:
A=用氨水溶液调节至pH10的10mM碳酸氢铵的水溶液
B=乙腈
使用的梯度为:
时间(min) | 流速(mL/min) | %A | %B |
0 | 40 | 85 | 15 |
1 | 40 | 85 | 15 |
10 | 40 | 45 | 55 |
11 | 40 | 1 | 99 |
15 | 40 | 1 | 99 |
中间体的制备
中间体1:(R)-3-(碘甲基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯
向5L真空夹套玻璃反应容器(Radley's LARA)中加入DCM(2L),然后加入三苯基膦(339g,1.29mol)和咪唑(88g,1.29mol),并将温度降低至0℃。然后在30分钟内分批加入碘(328g,1.29mol),同时保持反应温度在0-5℃之间以控制放热。在添加期间,形成厚的褐色沉淀。将沉淀物在15分钟内温热至室温,然后在室温再搅拌30分钟。用15分钟的时间,分批加入(R)-3-(羟基甲基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯(200g,994mmol)(购自Fluorochem或BePharm Ltd)的DCM(200mL)溶液,同时保持反应温度在24-30℃之间。将反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后用TBME(8L)稀释并过滤。将滤液减压浓缩,将残余物(700g)在冰-水浴中在乙醚(2L)中研磨,得到333g粗产物。将27g 部分的粗产物通过硅胶柱色谱(100g)纯化,用0-50%乙酸乙酯-环己烷梯度洗脱30分钟。将合适的级分合并并真空蒸发,得到标题化合物(16.33g,5%),为黄色油状物。将剩余的粗物质(~306g)通过硅胶柱色谱(1.5kg)纯化,用0-30 %乙酸乙酯-环己烷梯度洗脱9.5个柱体积。将合适的级分合并并真空蒸发,得到标题化合物(233.94g,76%),为淡黄色油状物:LCMS(系统A)RT=1.19 min,100%,ES+ve m/z312(M+H)+;[α]D 20=+23(c 1.00在EtOH中)。
中间体2:(R)-3-(2-(1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯
将搅拌下的2-甲基-1,8-萘啶(57.5g,399mmol)(购自Manchester Organics)和(R)-3-(碘甲基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯(124.2g,399mmol)(中间体1)的THF(1L)溶液冷却至0℃,并在氮气下用双(三甲基硅基)氨基锂的 THF溶液(1M,399mL,399mmol)处理20分钟,并将反应混合物在0℃搅拌 3小时。将该反应用饱和的氯化铵水溶液(500mL)和水(500mL)终止,并加入乙酸乙酯(1L)。分离各层,并将水相用另外的乙酸乙酯(1L)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤并真空蒸发。将残余的褐色油状物(162g)通过硅胶柱色谱(750g)纯化,用0–100%乙酸乙酯的(5%MeOH–95%乙酸乙酯) 溶液梯度洗脱8柱体积。将合适的级分合并并真空蒸发,得到标题化合物 (46.65g,36%),为橙色固体:LCMS(系统A)RT=0.99min,97%,ES+ve m/z 328(M+H)+,[α]D 20=+22(c 1.00在EtOH中)。
中间体3.(R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯
将(R)-3-(2-(1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体2)(4.0g,12mmol)的EtOH(20mL)溶液在室温经湿的5%Rh/C催化剂(1.2g)氢化过夜。通过硅藻土过滤收集催化剂,真空浓缩滤液,得到标题化合物(4.0g,99%),为褐色胶状物:LCMS(系统A)RT=1.20min,95.5%,ES+ve m/z 332(M+H)+。
中间体4.(R)-7-(2-(吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,8-萘啶
在冷水浴中,在氮气下,向(R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体3)(18.92g,57.1mmol)的DCM(120mL)溶液中滴加4M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(57.1mL,228mmol)。一旦加入完成,除去水浴。将反应物在室温搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残余物(15.5g)在SCX柱上分几批纯化,首先用甲醇洗涤,然后用2M氨水的甲醇溶液洗脱,得到标题化合物(8.94g,68%),为橙色油:LCMS(系统A)RT=0.70min,100%ES+ve m/z 232(M+H)+.
中间体5.(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯
在氮气下,将(R)-7-(2-(吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,8-萘啶(中间体4)(10.6g,45.8mmol)的DCM(200mL)溶液加入到DIPEA(14.40mL,82 mmol)中。
将反应混合物冷却至0℃,滴加(E)-4-溴丁-2-烯酸甲酯(5.39mL,45.8 mmol)。将反应在室温搅拌3.75小时,然后将反应混合物用水(250mL)稀释。分离有机层,并将水层进一步用DCM(2×100mL)萃取。将合并的有机级分干燥(MgSO4),并真空蒸发。将残余物(13.94g)通过硅胶柱色谱(330g)纯化,用含有1%Et3N的0-100%EtOAc-(3:1EtOAc-EtOH)洗脱。
合并适当的级分并蒸发,得到标题化合物(7.66g,51%),为黄色油状物,其在冰箱中储存时固化。LCMS(系统A)RT=1.02min,100%,ES+ve m/z 330 (M+H)+.
中间体6.3-(3-溴苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯
将(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯(中间体5)(2.8g,8.5mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(60mL)溶液用(3-溴苯基)硼酸 (购自Aldrich)(5.97g,29.7mmol)、(R)-BINAP(0.529g,0.850mmol)、KOH 水溶液(3.8M,4.47mL,17.00mmol)和(1,5-环辛二烯)氯化铑(I)的二聚体(210 mg,0.425mmol)处理,将混合物在95℃加热1小时,使反应混合物冷却,真空浓缩,将残余物在水(50mL)和DCM(50mL)之间分配。向含水部分中加入盐水(50mL),并用更多的DCM(50mL)萃取。将合并的有机溶液用盐水(50mL) 洗涤,通过疏水砂芯,真空浓缩。将残留物通过氨基丙基柱(70g)色谱纯化,用0-100%EtOAc-环己烷梯度洗脱,然后通过Biotage SNAP柱(120g)上的反相色谱法纯化,用65-95%乙腈-(用氨水溶液调节至pH10的10mM碳酸氢铵的水溶液)梯度洗脱。合并适当的级分,并真空浓缩,得到(400mg)标题化合物,为非对映异构体混合物。LCMS(系统A)RT=1.39min,ES+ve m/z 486,488 (M+H)+。将非对映异构体通过制备型手性HPLC在ChiralcelOJ-H柱(30mm ×25cm)上分离,用20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷洗脱,流速30mL/min,在215nm处检测。合并适当的级分并蒸发,得到标题化合物:
异构体1(S)-3-(3-溴苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯(650mg,16%):LCMS(系统B)RT=0.46min,ES+ve m/z 486,488(M+H)+。分析型手性HPLC RT=17.9min,在Chiralcel OJ-H 柱(4.6mm内径x 25cm)上,用20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷洗脱,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测。
异构体2(R)-3-(3-溴苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯(103mg,2%):分析型手性HPLC RT=14.3min在 Chiralcel OJ-H柱(4.6mm内径x 25cm)上,用20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)- 庚烷洗脱,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测。
中间体7.1-(3-溴苯基)-1H-咪唑
将搅拌下的1-溴-3-碘苯(购自Apollo)(2.252mL,17.67mmol)、1H-咪唑 (2.166g,31.8mmol)、碘化亚铜(I)(0.673g,3.53mmol)和碳酸铯(11.52g,35.3 mmol)的MeCN(70mL)悬浮液脱气(3次),然后在氮气下回流过夜。使反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤并真空浓缩滤液。将残余物通过在KP-二氧化硅柱 (100g)上的色谱法纯化,用0-100%EtOAc-环己烷洗脱。合并适当的级分并真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(3.55g,90%),为无色油状物:LCMS(系统C) RT=0.92min,99%,ES+ve m/z 223,225(M+H)+.
中间体8.1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H- 咪唑
向1-(3-溴苯基)-1H-咪唑(中间体7)(1.0g,4.5mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(25mL) 溶液中加入双(频哪醇合)二硼(购自Aldrich)(1.25g,4.93mmol)、二环己基 -(2',4',6'-三异丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)膦(0.103g,0.215mmol)、Pd2dba3(0.062g, 0.067mmol)、乙酸钾(1.1g,11mmol)。将反应混合物在110℃加热。将该反应真空浓缩,并保存在冰箱过周末。将残余物在DCM(50mL)和水(50mL)之间分配。将盐水(30mL)加入到水层中,并进一步用DCM(30mL)萃取。将合并的有机级分用盐水(30mL)洗涤,通过疏水砂芯,并真空浓缩。将残余物通过C18Biotage SNAP柱(60g)上的反相色谱法纯化,用30-60%乙腈(含有 0.1%甲酸)-水(含有0.1%甲酸)(6CV)洗脱。合并适当的级分,真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(594mg,49%),为淡黄色胶状物:LCMS(系统D)RT=0.33min, ES+ve m/z 189(M+H)+.
中间体9.(1-(3-溴苯基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲醇
在0℃,向搅拌下的1-(3-溴苯基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯(在WO2004092140中报导)(500mg,1.62mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液中加入 DIBAL-H(1M的THF溶液)(7.12mL,7.12mmol),将生成的混合物在室温搅拌16小时。将反应混合物用水(10mL)淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(10mL)稀释。将有机相浓缩,残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(100-200目)纯化,用50%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到标题化合物(300mg,66%),为灰白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)7.65(1H,s),7.50(1H,d,J 7.5Hz),7.42-7.35(2H,m),6.20(1H,s), 4.68(2H,m),2.35(3H,s).
中间体10.(5-甲基-1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲醇
向搅拌下的(1-(3-溴苯基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲醇(中间体9)(4.0g,15mmol)、双(频哪醇合)二硼(3.8g,15mmol)、乙酸钾(4.41g,45mmol)的1,4- 二噁烷(40mL)溶液中加入PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2加合物(1.22g,1.5mmol),并将得到的混合物在90℃搅拌6小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温并通过硅藻土床过滤。真空浓缩滤液,将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯(100mL)中,通过硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩滤液,残余物通过在florisil硅胶柱色谱法纯化,用0-5%乙酸乙酯的石油醚溶液梯度洗脱。在真空下浓缩适当的级分,得到标题化合物(1.4g,23%),为褐色油状物:MS ES+ve m/z 315(M+H)+.
中间体11.1-(3-溴苯基)-3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑
将N-乙酰基乙酰胺(2.0g,20mmol)、(3-溴苯基)肼盐酸盐(8.84g,39.6 mmol)和吡啶(4mL)置于30ml微波瓶(Anton Paar)中。将小瓶在搅拌下照射2 分钟(300W,200℃)。向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯(15mL)以沉淀残留的肼盐酸盐,然后过滤。将滤液减压浓缩,残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化,用15% EtOAc-己烷洗脱,得到标题化合物(2.4g,43%),为淡黄色固体:1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)7.65(1H,br s),7.55(1H,m),7.38-7.34(2H,m),2.50(3H,s),2.41 (3H,s).
中间体12.3,5-二甲基-1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑
通过类似于中间体10所述的方法,由中间体11(1.5g,5.9mmol)制备,得到标题化合物(936mg,37%):MS ES+ve m/z 300(M+H)+.
中间体13.4-(3-溴苯基)-3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑
将(3-溴苯基)硼酸(购自Apollo Scientific)(9.43g,46.9mmol)、3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑(购自Chemimpex)(3.0g,36mmol)、Cs2CO3(23.53g,72.2 mmol)、碘化亚铜(I)(688mg,3.61mmol)在DMF(30mL)中的混合物密封在管中并加热至100℃保持16小时。反应用水(150mL)稀释,用EtOAc(3×50mL) 萃取。有机层用水(2×50mL)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并真空蒸发。残余物通过制备TLC纯化,用20%EtOAc-己烷洗脱,得到标题化合物(1.3g,15%),为白色固体。TLC RF=0.5(流动相:30%EtOAc-己烷)。
中间体14.3-甲基-4-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑
通过类似于中间体10所述的方法,由中间体13(1.2g,5mmol)制备,得到标题化合物(700mg,44%):MS ES+ve m/z 286(M+H)+.
中间体15.2-(1-(3-溴苯基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)丙-2-醇
将1-(3-溴苯基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯(在WO2004092140中报导)(3.1g,10.03mmol)在THF(7mL)中的悬浮液在0℃用甲基溴化镁 (60.2mL,60.2mmol)逐滴处理,并搅拌2小时。将反应混合物用1M KHSO4 (20mL)逐滴处理,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯中,并用水(20mL) 洗涤。将有机层减压浓缩,通过硅胶柱色谱(100-200)纯化,用15%乙酸乙酯的石油醚溶液洗脱。将合适的级分在减压下浓缩,得到标题化合物(2.45g,79%),为淡黄色液体:MS ES+ve m/z 295(M+H)+.
中间体16.2-(5-甲基-1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)丙-2-醇
通过类似于中间体10所述的方法,由中间体15(300mg,1mmol)制备,得到标题化合物(120mg,32%):MS ES+ve m/z 343(M+H)+.
中间体17.1-(3-溴苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑
将1-溴-3-碘苯(购自Apollo Scientific)(1.351mL,10.60mmol)、3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑(购自Aldrich)(2.164g,15.91mmol)、Cs2CO3(10.37g,31.8mmol) 和CuI(404mg,2.121mmol)在乙腈(28mL)中的混合物加热至106℃。
将反应混合物冷却至室温并过滤。将滤液真空浓缩,残余物通过硅胶柱色谱(100g)纯化,用0-100%EtOAc-环己烷洗脱,得到标题化合物(2.67g, 87%),为淡黄色油状物:LCMS(系统C)RT=1.37min,96%,ES+ve m/z 291, 293(M+H)+;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.75(dd,J2.6,1.1Hz,1H), 8.10-8.05(m,1H),7.88(ddd,J 8.3,2.2,0.9Hz,1H),7.56-7.50(m,1H),7.44(t, J8.1Hz,1H),6.97(d,J2.9Hz,1H).
中间体18.1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑
向1-(3-溴苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑(中间体17)(1.32g,4.54mmol)的 1,4-二噁烷(24mL)溶液中加入二环己基(2',4',6'-三异丙基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)膦 (0.104g,0.218mmol)、Pd2dba3(62mg,0.068mmol)、乙酸钾(1.113g,11.34 mmol)和4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷)(1.267g, 4.99mmol)。将反应混合物在110℃回流3小时。冷却后,将反应混合物真空浓缩,残余物在水(30mL)和EtOAc(30mL)之间分配。将盐水(30mL)加入到含水部分中,并将其进一步用EtOAc(40mL)萃取。将合并的有机级分用盐水 (30mL)洗涤,通过疏水砂芯,并真空浓缩。残余物通过C18Biotage SNAP 柱(60g)上的反相柱色谱纯化,用40-85%MeCN-10mM碳酸氢铵(含有0.1%氨水)(14CV)洗脱。合并适当的级分,真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(700mg): LCMS(系统D)RT=1.49min,ES+vem/z 339(M+H)+.
中间体19.4-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑
通过类似于中间体10所述的方法,由4-(3-溴苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(购自Fluorochem)(3.0g,13mmol)制备,得到标题化合物(1.3g,36%),为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)9.13(2H,s),7.84-7.80(2H,m),7.58(1H,br d,J 7.5Hz),7.59(1H,brt,J 7.5Hz),1.32(12H,s).
中间体20.1-(3-溴苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑
将1,3-二溴苯(20g,85mmol)的DMF(200mL)溶液用1H-1,2,3-三唑 (6.97g,101mmol)、碘化亚铜(I)(1.62g,8.48mmol)、乙酰丙酮Fe(III)(6.78g, 25.4mmol)和Cs2CO3(55.2g,g,170mmol)处理。将反应混合物在120℃加热18小时,通过硅藻土过滤并用EtOAc(3×200mL)洗涤,并减压浓缩。将残余物经硅胶柱色谱纯化,用20%EtOAc的己烷溶液洗脱。适当的级分在减压下浓缩,得到标题化合物(4g,17%),为淡黄色固体:MS ES+ve m/z 224,226 (M+H)+.
中间体21.1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑
通过类似于中间体10所述的方法,由1-(3-溴苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑(中间体20)制备,得到标题化合物(1.5g,30%),为白色固体:MS ES+ve m/z 272 (M+H)+.
中间体22.(R,E)-7-(2-(1-(4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯-1-基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃,在氮气下,将中间体5(270mg,0.820mmol)和二碳酸二叔丁基酯(247μL,1.065mmol)的THF溶液在5分钟内滴加LHMDS(1065μL,1.065 mmol)来处理。将溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟。将溶液用NH4Cl水溶液(10%,5mL) 处理,用2-MeTHF(5mL)萃取。将有机相直接施加到硅胶柱(10g)上,用甲苯 -乙醇-氨水(80-10-1)洗脱,得到标题化合物(302mg,86%),为黄色胶状物: LCMS(系统C)RT=1.27min,ES+ve m/z 430(M+H)+.
中间体23.7-(2-((R)-1-((S)-2-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯和7-(2-((R)-1-((R)-2-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯– (9:1)的混合物
将(5-甲基-1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲醇(中间体10)(549mg,1.746mmol)的二噁烷(1mL)溶液用KOH 水溶液(0.404mL,1.536mmol)、随后用(R,E)-7-(2-(1-(4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁-2-烯 -1-基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体22) (300mg,0.698mmol)的二噁烷(1mL)溶液处理。将溶液在氮气/真空下脱气,用R-BINAP(43.5mg,0.070mmol)和(1,5-环辛二烯)氯化铑(I)的二聚体(17.22 mg,0.035mmol)处理。将混合物再次在氮气/真空下脱气,并在50℃加热3 小时。将冷却的混合物加入到水/盐水(30mL;1:1)中,并用EtOAc(2×25mL) 萃取。蒸发干燥的(MgSO4)萃取物,残余物在硅胶柱(20g)上纯化,用0-100% [(3:1)EtOAc-异丙醇]-EtOAc洗脱,得到标题化合物(205mg,47%),为淡褐色胶状物。苄基中心的立体异构体比率对NMR观察不明显,但可以由去保护的材料确定(实施例10)为9:1:LCMS(系统C)RT=1.30min,ES+ve m/z 618 (M+H)+.
中间体24.7-(2-((3R)-1-(2-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(异构体1:异构体2为9:1的混合物)
将甲磺酰氯(0.018mL,0.227mmol)的DCM(0.1mL)溶液加入到 7-(2-((3R)-1-(2-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体23) (140mg,0.227mmol)和三乙胺(0.063mL,0.453mmol)在DCM(1.5mL)中的溶液中。将溶液搅拌1小时,分析显示大部分完成,有证据表明部分氯化物代替甲磺酰基。将该溶液用乙腈(2mL)、氟化钾(13.17mg,0.227mmol)和 KryptofixTM(5,6-苯并-4,7,13,16,21,24-六氧杂-1,10-1,8-二氮杂双环[8.8.8]十六碳-5-烯)(85mg,0.227mmol)处理,并加热至60℃保持1小时。分析显示仅存在氯化物,且没有氟置换。将混合物在NaHCO3水溶液(5mL)和EtOAc(2x 5mL)之间分配,蒸发干燥的(MgSO4)萃取液。将残余物溶于DMF(1.5mL) 中,用4当量的KF和KryptofixTM处理,并在密封的微波容器中在120℃加热30分钟。将溶液加入到水(10mL)中,用EtOAc(2×5mL)萃取。蒸发干燥的(MgSO4)萃取物,将残余物直接用于下一步骤(实施例11):LCMS(系统C) RT=1.46min,ES+vem/z 620(M+H)+.
中间体25.2-(3-溴苯基)-4-甲基-1H-咪唑
将3-溴苯甲脒(购自Fluorochem)(22g,111mmol)、1-氯丙-2-酮(16.36 g,177mmol)和氯化铵(21.88g,409mmol)的THF(200mL)溶液在氮气下用氢氧化铵(176mL,4532mmol)处理,将反应混合物在80℃搅拌12小时。真空浓缩反应混合物,将残余物(11.5g)用硅胶柱色谱(100-200目)纯化,用30%乙酸乙酯的石油醚洗脱。浓缩适当的级分,并将得到的浅黄色固体在二乙醚中研磨,得到标题化合物(5.2g,20%),为褐色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) 9.2(1H,br),7.95(1H,s),7.70(1H,d),7.42(1H,d),7.27(1H,m),6.83(1H,s), 2.35(3H,s).
中间体26.2-(3-溴苯基)-1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑
将2-(3-溴苯基)-4-甲基-1H-咪唑(中间体25)(5g,21mmol)和叔丁醇钾 (2.366g,21.09mmol)的THF(100mL)溶液用18-冠醚-6(0.557g,2.109mmol) 和碘甲烷(1.319mL,21.09mmol)的THF(20mL)溶液处理,并将混合物在室温搅拌16小时。将反应混合物倒入到盐水溶液中,并用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取。分离有机相,干燥(Na2SO4)并真空浓缩。将残余物(5.2g)通过硅胶柱色谱 (100-200)纯化,用20%乙酸乙酯的石油醚溶液洗脱。蒸发适当的级分,得到标题化合物(2.0g,38%),为淡黄色液体:1H NMR(400MH,DMSO-d6)7.85 (1H,s),7.69(1H,d,J 7.5Hz),7.60(1H,d,J 7.5Hz),7.40(1H,t,J 7.5Hz),6.97 (1H,s),3.70(3H,s),2.15(3H,s).
中间体27.1,4-二甲基-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑
通过类似于中间体8所述的方法,由中间体26(1g,4mmol)制备标题化合物,得到(420mg,83%):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)8.04(1H,br s),7.82(1H, br d,J 7.5Hz),7.70(1H,br d,J 7.5Hz),7.45(1H,t,J 7.5Hz),6.66(1H,s),3.66 (3H,s),2.26(3H,s),1.35(12H,s).
中间体28.5-(3-溴苯基)-2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑
向(E)-1-溴-3-(2-硝基丙-1-烯-1-基)苯(U.Jana等人.Europ.J.Org.Chem.2013,(22),4823)(20g,83mmol)的乙醇(200mL)溶液中加入盐酸乙脒(7.81g, 83mmol)、碳酸钾(11.42g,83mmol)和氧化铟(III)(1.147g,4.13mmol),将反应在氮气下在70℃搅拌6小时。通过TLC监测反应。
TLC流动相:10%MeOH的DCM溶液,Rf值:0.5,检测:UV。后处理:在减压下除去乙醇。将粗反应混合物用水(150mL)稀释,用EtOAc(3× 200mL)萃取,用盐水溶液(250mL)洗涤。分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4),并在减压下浓缩。将残余物在二乙醚(50mL)中研磨,通过过滤收集固体并干燥,得到标题化合物(4.4g,21%),为白色固体ES+ve m/z 251,253(M+H)+.
中间体29.5-(3-溴苯基)-2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-1-甲酸叔丁基酯
在0℃,将5-(3-溴苯基)-2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑(4g,16mmol)(中间体28) 的DCM(40mL)悬浮液用TEA(5.55mL,39.8mmol)、二碳酸二叔丁基酯(5.55 mL,23.9mmol)、DMAP(0.195g,1.593mmol)处理,并在氮气下搅拌混合物。将混合物在室温搅拌2小时,用DCM稀释,用水、柠檬酸溶液、盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并减压浓缩。将残余物通过柱色谱法纯化,得到标题化合物,分析:LCMS:ES+ve m/z 351(M+H)+.
中间体30.2,4-二甲基-5-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑-1-甲酸叔丁基酯
向搅拌下的5-(3-溴苯基)-2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-1-甲酸叔丁基酯(4.5g,12.8mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(50mL)溶液中加入乙酸钾(2.51g,25.6mmol)和 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷)(3.90g,15.37 mmol)。将溶液用氩气吹扫15分钟。加入1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁二氯化钯(II)二氯甲烷络合物(0.937g,1.281mmol)。再次用氩气吹扫15分钟。将反应混合物在90℃搅拌16小时。使反应混合物通过硅藻土床过滤,用EtOAc(3 ×100mL)洗涤,减压浓缩。将残余物经硅胶柱色谱纯化,用10%EtOAc的己烷溶液洗脱。将所需的级分在减压下浓缩,得到标题化合物(4.0g,78%),为白色固体:LCMS ES+ve m/z 399(M+H)+.
中间体31.2,4-二甲基-5-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑
将2,4-二甲基-5-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑-1-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体30)(3.9g,9.79mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(40 mL)溶液在氮气下冷却至0℃,然后在10分钟内用4M HCl的1,4-二噁烷 (40mL)溶液处理。将反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时。减压除去溶剂,将残余物用二乙基醚(50mL)处理。通过过滤收集所得固体,并用二乙醚(50mL) 洗涤。将固体溶于DCM(200mL)中,并用NaHCO3溶液(100mL)洗涤。分离有机层,干燥(Na2SO4)并减压浓缩。将残余物用戊烷(50mL)研磨,得到标题化合物(1.27g,37%),为白色固体:LCMS ES+ve m/z 299(M+H)+.
中间体32.3-(3-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢 -1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯
将2,4-二甲基-5-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑(中间体31)(543mg,1.821mmol)、(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8- 萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯(中间体5)(200mg,0.607mmol)、 (R)-BINAP(41.6mg,0.067mmol)和双(降冰片二烯)铑(I)四氟硼酸盐(22.70mg, 0.061mmol)的混合物加入到微波小瓶中。将它们溶解在1,4-二噁烷(10mL) 中,然后加入3.8M KOH溶液(0.320mL,1.21mmol)。将反应混合物立即使用Biotage微波系统于95℃加热45分钟。样品用MeOH稀释并加载到SCX 柱(10g)上。将其用MeOH(2CV)洗涤,然后用2M NH3的MeOH溶液洗脱。在减压下除去溶剂,将残余物(504mg)溶于1:1的DMSO:MeOH中,并加载到反相(C18)柱(12g)上,并使用30-85%梯度的10mM碳酸氢铵水溶液-MeCN 洗脱12CV。合并适当的级分,并在减压下蒸发溶剂,得到标题化合物,为非对映异构体的混合物(101mg,33%)。LCMS(系统C)RT=1.16min,95%, ES+ve m/z 502(M+H)+。异构体通过制备型手性HPLC在Chiralpak IC柱(250mm×30mm)上分离,用10%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)–庚烷洗脱,流速 30mL/min,在215nm处检测,得到:
异构体1(2mg)[(R)-3-(3-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯]。分析型手性HPLC RT=26.3min,100%,在Chiralpak IC柱(250mm×4.6mm) 上,用10%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)–庚烷洗脱,流速=1mL/min,在215nm 处检测。
异构体2(18mg)[(S)-3-(3-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯]。分析型手性HPLC RT=29.4min,100%,在Chiralpak IC柱(250mm×4.6mm) 上,用10%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)–庚烷洗脱,流速=1mL/min,在215nm 处检测。
中间体33.1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑
向1-(3-溴苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑(WO2001090108,第62页)(27g,121 mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(600mL)溶液中加入4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二 (1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷)(30.6g,121mmol)和乙酸钾(23.65g,241mmol),将反应混合物搅拌15分钟,随后加入PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2加合物(9.84g, 12.05mmol)。将混合物加热至100℃18小时,然后使其冷却至室温并通过硅藻土过滤。将固体用1,4-二噁烷(50mL)洗涤,将合并的滤液和洗涤液在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶于DCM(30mL)中,吸附在硅胶(100-200目)(30g)上,用 5%乙酸乙酯-石油醚洗脱柱。合并适当的级分,减压浓缩,得到标题化合物(10.3g,31%),为浅褐色固体:ES+ve m/z 272(M+H)+;HPLC RT=5.0min, 98.9%,在Zorbax CN(250mm X 4.6mm)上,用20%EtOH的正己烷溶液等度洗脱,流速1mL/min。
中间体34.(S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯
将(3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)硼酸(中间体33)(344mg,1.82mmol)、 (R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯(中间体5)(200mg,0.607mmol)、(R)-BINAP(41.6mg,0.067mmol)和双(降冰片二烯)铑(I)四氟硼酸盐(22.7mg,0.061mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(4mL)溶液加入到微波瓶中,然后加入3.8M KOH溶液(0.320mL,1.214mmol),并将反应混合物在Biotage微波系统中在95℃加热60分钟。将混合物用MeOH稀释并加载到SCX柱(10g)上。将其用MeOH(2CV)洗涤,然后用2M NH3的MeOH 溶液洗脱。在减压下蒸发含氨的级分,将所得橙色油(472mg)溶解于1:1的 DMSO-MeOH(2.5mL)中,并通过MDAP(方法A)纯化。在氮气下在吹扫单元中蒸发适当的级分,得到标题化合物(64mg,22%),为黄色油状物。LCMS(系统C)RT=1.15min,82%,ES+ve m/z 475(M+H)+。将产物(60mg)溶于 EtOH(1mL)中,通过制备型手性HPLC在Chiralpak AD-H柱(250mm×30mm) 上分离主要的非对映异构体,用40%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷(含有0.2%异丙胺)洗脱,流速=30mL/min,在215nm处检测,得到(S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,4- 三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯(15mg):分析型手性HPLC RT=20.0min,100%,在Chiralpak AD-H 柱(4.6mm x 250mm)上,用40%EtOH-庚烷(含有0.2%异丙胺)洗脱,流速= 1mL/min,在215nm处检测。
中间体35.(E)-4-溴丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯
在-40℃,在不锈钢反应釜(steal autoclave)中,将异丁烯气体(363mL,3.82mol)鼓泡入搅拌下的(E)-4-溴丁-2-烯酸(Tetrahedron Asymmetry,2010,21, 1574)(210g,1.27mmol)和浓H2SO4(20.35mL,382mmol)在二乙基醚(1L)中的溶液中。将混合物密封在高压釜中,将混合物在室温搅拌24小时。将反应冷却至0℃,然后用三乙胺(250mL)碱化,并用DCM(3×200mL)萃取。将有机层干燥,并真空浓缩。将残余物在正戊烷(200mL)中研磨,得到标题化合物(140g,50%),为褐色糖浆状物质:1H NMRδ(CDCl3,400MHz)6.89(dt, J=15,7.5Hz,1H),5.95(dt,J=15,1Hz,1H),3.99(dd,J=7.5,1Hz,2H),1.48(s, 9H).
中间体36.(E)-4-乙酰氧基丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯
在室温,将搅拌下的(E)-4-溴丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯(中间体35)(280g,1.27 mol)的乙腈(1.2L)溶液用乙酸钾(186g,1.9mol)处理。将混合物在60℃搅拌4 小时,通过TLC(10%二乙醚的石油醚溶液,Rf=0.4,通过UV检测)监测反应。将反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤除去固体,用二乙醚(600mL)洗涤。将滤液减压浓缩,将残余物通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化,用10%二乙醚的石油醚溶液洗脱。合并适当的级分并蒸发,得到标题化合物(148g,58%产率),为无色油状物:1H NMRδ(CDCl3,400MHz)6.80(dt,J=15.5,5Hz,1H),5.93(dt, J=15.5,2Hz,1H),4.70(dd,J=5,2Hz,2H),2.09(s,3H),1.46(s,9H).
中间体37.(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯.
将(R)-7-(2-(吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1,8-萘啶(中间体4)(1.305g,5.64mmol)、(E)-4-乙酰氧基丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯(中间体36)(1.13g,5.64 mmol)、1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(0.207g,0.282mmol)和 DIPEA(2.96mL,16.92mmol)在DCM(20mL)中的混合物搅拌3小时。将反应混合物在氯化铵溶液(50mL)和DCM(50mL)之间分配。将水层进一步用 DCM(50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层通过疏水砂芯,并真空浓缩。将粗残余物通过色谱法纯化(KPNH,110g,0-100%TBME-环己烷),洗脱60分钟。合并含有产物的级分并浓缩,得到标题化合物(1.65g,79%),为黄色油状物(E: Z比例7.5:1).1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)7.06(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.89(dt, J=15.6,6.2Hz,1H),6.35(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.90(dt,J=15.6,1.6Hz,1H), 4.66-4.80(m,1H),3.38-3.44(m,2H),3.20(ddd,J=6.2,4.8,1.8Hz,2H),2.87 (dd,J=8.4,7.4Hz,1H),2.66-2.74(m,3H),2.50-2.57(m,J=8.2,4.0,4.0Hz,2H), 2.41-2.50(m,J=8.7,8.7,6.0Hz,1H),1.98-2.26(m,J=8.6Hz,3H),1.87-1.96(m, J=11.7,6.0,6.0Hz,2H),1.74(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.50(s,9H).
中间体38.(R,E)-7-(2-(1-(4-(叔丁氧基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯-1-基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯.
在0℃,将(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸叔丁基酯(中间体37)(1.20g,3.23mmol)和二碳酸二叔丁基酯(0.890 mL,3.88mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液用LiHMDS溶液(1.0M,3.23mL,3.23 mmol)处理,并搅拌0.5小时。用饱和的氯化铵水溶液(10mL)淬灭反应,用 DCM(2×15mL)萃取。将合并的有机层通过疏水砂芯,并真空浓缩。将残余物通过柱色谱(KPNH,11g)纯化,用0-25%EtOAc-环己烷洗脱40分钟。合并相关的级分,真空浓缩,得到标题化合物(1.29g,85%),为黄色胶状物: LCMS(系统C)RT=1.46min,95%,ES+ve m/z 472(M+H)+。
中间体39.7-(2-((R)-1-((S)-4-(叔丁氧基)-2-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯.
将(R,E)-7-(2-(1-(4-(叔丁氧基)-4-氧代丁-2-烯-1-基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(5.1g,10.8mmol)、(5-甲基 -1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲醇 (中间体10)(6.21g,20mmol)、KOH(5.69mL,21.6mmol)的混合物溶于1,4- 二噁烷(20mL)中。用氮气吹扫烧瓶5分钟,然后加入(R)-BINAP(0.673g,1.08 mmol)和[Rh(COD)Cl]2(0.267g,0.541mmol)。将反应物加热至90℃,保持1 小时。真空除去溶剂,将残余物在DCM和水之间分配。使有机层通过疏水砂芯,并再次真空浓缩。使有机层通过疏水砂芯,并再次真空浓缩。将残余物通过在C-18柱(400g)上的反相色谱纯化,用50-90%(0.1%NH3的MeCN 溶液)-10mM NH4HCO3水溶液梯度洗脱15CV。将相关的级分合并,真空浓缩,得到产物,为非对映异构体的混合物(4.11g,58%)。LCMS(系统C) RT=1.45min,98%,ES+ve m/z 660(M+H)+。通过在Chiralcel OD-H柱(30mm ×250mm)上的制备型手性HPLC分离两个非对映异构体,用10%EtOH-庚烷洗脱,流速30mL/min,在215nm处检测,得到标题化合物(3.26g,46%)(主要的非对映异构体):分析型手性HPLC RT=16.6min,99.8%,在Chiralcel OD-H柱(4.6mm x 250mm)上,用10%EtOH-庚烷洗脱,流速1mL/min,在 215nm处检测,和7-(2-((R)-1-((R)-4-(叔丁氧基)-2-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基 -1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶 -1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(次要的非对映异构体)(260mg,4%):分析型手性HPLC RT=12.4min,100%.
实施例的制备
实施例1.(S)-3-(3-(3-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
将3-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑(购自CombiPhos)(43mg,0.21mmol)、(S)-3-(3-(溴代苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8- 四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯(中间体6)(50mg,0.10 mmol)、磷酸三钾(65.5mg,0.31mmol)、(二-降冰片基膦基)(2'-二甲基氨基-1,1'- 联苯-2-基)氯化钯(II)(6mg,0.01mmol)混合物溶于乙醇(0.5ml)和水(0.2ml) 中,并在微波反应器(Anton Paar,600W)中在130℃加热30分钟。将冷却的反应混合物通过MDAP(方法A)纯化,得到标题化合物(17.7mg,33%):LCMS (系统B)RT=0.52min,ES+ve m/z 474(M+H)+;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6) 包括7.61(s,1H),7.56(br d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.29(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.14(br d, J=7.5Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.44(s,1H),6.32(br s,1H),6.25(d, J=7.5Hz,1H),3.19-3.26(m,3H),2.88-2.93(m,1H),2.78-2.85(m,2H), 2.70-2.76(m,1H),2.51-2.62(m,4H),2.33-2.46(m,4H),2.24(s,3H),1.98-2.07 (m,1H),1.88-1.95(m,1H),1.74(五重峰,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.55-1.67(m,2H), 1.31-1.39(m,1H).
实施例2.(S)-3-(3-(1,4-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
由(S)-3-(3-溴苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷 -1-基)丁酸甲酯(中间体6)(98.4mg,0.202mmol)和1,4-二甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑(购自CombiPhos)(0.192mL,0.809 mmol),以与实施例1的制备相似的方式制备,得到标题化合物(13.3mg, 13%):LCMS(系统A)RT=0.80min,97%,ES+ve m/z 488(M+H)+;1H NMR (400MHz,DMSO-d6)包括7.50(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.43(br d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.39 (br s,1H),7.34(s,1H),7.32(br d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.20(br d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.36 (br d,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),2.83(dd,J=16.5,6.0Hz,1H),2.62-2.66(m, 2H),2.59(dd,J=16.5,7.5Hz,1H),2.15-2.24(m,1H),2.02-2.10(m,1H),1.98(s, 3H),1.74-1.80(m,2H),1.63-1.70(m,2H),1.49-1.59(m,1H).
实施例3.(S)-3-(3-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
向脱气的(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯(中间体6)(170mg,0.516mmol)、4-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(中间体19)(420mg,1.55mmol)、 (R)-BINAP(32.1mg,0.052mmol)和KOH水溶液(3.8M,0.407mL)在1,4-二噁烷(24mL)中的混合物中加入(1,5-环辛二烯)氯化铑(I)的二聚体(12.72mg, 0.026mmol)。将反应混合物加热至100℃持续2小时,然后施加至SCX柱(50g) 上,用MeOH(2CV)洗涤,然后用2M氨的MeOH溶液(4CV)洗脱。将碱性级分浓缩,残余物通过柱色谱(20g)纯化,用0-100%EtOAc-环己烷梯度洗脱。将合适的级分在减压下浓缩,将残余物(66.8mg)溶于MeCN(4mL)中,用 NaOH水溶液(2M,1.0mL)处理,并在微波反应器中在80℃加热2小时。将反应混合物用2M HCl水溶液中和,并真空浓缩。将残余物施加到SCX柱(10g) 上,用MeOH(1CV)洗涤,并用2M氨水的甲醇溶液(2CV)洗脱。将碱性级分在真空中浓缩,得到标题化合物的两个非对映异构体(80mg)。异构体通过在Chiralpak ID柱(30mm×25cm)上的制备型手性HPLC分离,用50%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷洗脱,流速30mL/min,在215nm处检测,将适当的级分蒸发后,得到目标化合物(40mg,16%),为胶状物:LCMS(系统D) RT=0.34min,98%,ES+ve m/z 461(M+H)+;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)包括 8.48(s,2H),7.45(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.34(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.27(s,1H),7.20(d, J=7.5Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.27(br d,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.60-3.67(m, 1H),3.52-3.60(m,1H),3.38-3.45(m,2H),2.87-2.98(m,2H),2.75-2.84(m,1H), 2.38-2.48(m,2H),2.22-2.33(m,1H),1.46-1.58(m,1H),1.34-1.45(m,1H);分析型手性HPLC RT=13.5min,在Chiralpak ID柱(4.6mm内径x 25cm)上,用50%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,在215nm处检测。
实施例4-9
通过以下一般方法以系列形式(array format)制备以下实施例。
将(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯(100mg,0.304mmol)的1,4-二噁烷(1mL)溶液和选自下列的合适的硼酸酯(0.607mmol):3,5-二甲基-1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2- 基)苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑(中间体12)、3-甲基-4-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑(中间体14)、2-(5-甲基-1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基)丙-2-醇(中间体16)、 1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑(中间体18)、1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑(中间体21)和1-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷 -2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑(中间体8)用(R)-BINAP(9.45mg,0.015mmol)、(1,5-环辛二烯)氯化铑(I)的二聚体(14.97mg,0.030mmol)和氢氧化钾水溶液(0.160mL, 0.608mmol)处理,将混合物加热至80℃保持5小时,然后在室温放置18小时。将混合物过滤以除去任何不溶性物质,用DMF(1ml)稀释,并通过 MDAP(方法A)纯化。在板式吹扫装置中在氮气流下除去溶剂,得到非对映异构体混合物的产物。将非对映异构体通过在Chiralcel OJ-H柱(30mm× 250mm)上的制备型手性HPLC分离,用20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷洗脱,流速30mL/min,在215nm处检测,得到:
实施例4.3-(3-(3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8- 四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
异构体1(S)-3-(3-(3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(20mg, 62%):LCMS(系统C)RT=0.75min,ES+ve m/z 489(M+H)+;分析型手性 HPLC,在Chiralcel OJ-H柱(4.6mm内径x25cm)上,用20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷洗脱,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测:RT=22.7min,99.5%;
1H NMRδ(500MHz,DMSO-d6)包括7.42-7.47(m,1H),7.41(s,1H), 7.31-7.38(m,2H),7.01(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.21-6.28(m,2H),3.19-3.25(m,2H), 2.40(s,3H),2.26(s,3H),1.94-2.05(m,1H),1.83-1.93(m,1H),1.69-1.78(m, 2H),1.53-1.65(m,2H),1.28-1.38(m,1H).
异构体2(R)-3-(3-(3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(10mg, 31%):分析型手性HPLC,在Chiralcel OJ-H柱(4.6mm内径x 25cm)上,20% EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测RT=13.1 min,99.5%.
实施例5.(S)-3-(3-(3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8- 四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
异构体1(S)-3-(3-(3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8- 四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(9mg):LCMS(系统C)RT=0.77 min,ES+ve m/z 475(M+H)+;分析型手性HPLC,在Chiralcel OJ-H柱(4.6mm 内径x 25cm)上,20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷,流速1mL/min,在 215nm处检测:RT=18.1min,99.4%;1HNMR(500MHz,DMSO)包括9.12(s, 1H),7.69(s,1H),7.63(br d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.43(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.25(br d, J=7.5Hz,1H),7.00(br d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.21-6.28(m,2H),3.19-3.25(m,2H), 2.36(s,3H),1.95-2.06(m,1H),1.83-1.94(m,1H),1.69-1.78(m,2H),1.53-1.66 (m,2H),1.28-1.38(m,1H).
异构体2(R)-3-(3-(3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8- 四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(4mg):分析型手性HPLC,在 ChiralcelOJ-H柱(4.6mm内径x 25cm)上,20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)- 庚烷,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测RT=14.0min,99.4%.
实施例6.(S)-3-(3-(3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
异构体1(S)-3-(3-(3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(6mg): LCMS(系统D)RT=0.82min,ES+ve m/z 532(M+H)+;1H NMR(500MHz, DMSO)包括7.36-7.42(m,1H),7.29(br d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.25(br d,J=7.5Hz, 1H),7.00(br d,J=7.0Hz,1H),4.86(br s,1H),2.28(s,3H),1.94-2.06(m,1H), 1.83-1.94(m,1H),1.69-1.79(m,2H),1.53-1.66(m,2H),1.43(s,6H),1.28-1.36 (m,1H);分析型手性HPLC,在Chiralcel OJ-H柱(4.6mm内径x25cm)上, 20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测, RT=22.5min,99.5%.
异构体2(R)-3-(3-(3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(4mg):分析型手性HPLC RT=11.5min,99.5%.
实施例7.4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1- 基)-3-(3-(3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)丁酸
异构体1(25mg):LCMS(系统C)RT=1.01min,ES+ve m/z 528(M+H)+;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)包括8.72(br s,1H),7.75(br s,1H),7.70(d, J=7.5Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.03(br s,1H), 7.00(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.26(br s,1H),6.23(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.95-2.05(m,1H), 1.83-1.94(m,1H),1.69-1.78(m,2H),1.53-1.67(m,2H),1.28-1.38(m,1H);分析型手性HPLC,在Chiralcel OJ-H柱(4.6mm内径x25cm)上,25%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测RT=14.0min,99.5%.
异构体2(23mg):分析型手性HPLC RT=8.5min,99.3%
实施例8.(S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
异构体1(S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8- 萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(16mg):LCMS(系统C)RT=0.76min, ES+ve m/z461(M+H)+;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)8.81(s,1H),7.96(s,1H),7.79(br s,1H),7.73(br d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.50(br t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.36(br d,J=7.5Hz, 1H),7.00(br d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.20-6.28(m,2H),3.22(br s,2H),2.39(br t, J=7.5Hz,2H),2.23-2.32(m,1H),1.95-2.06(m,1H),1.83-1.94(m,1H), 1.68-1.78(m,2H),1.53-1.66(m,2H),1.27-1.38(m,1H);分析型手性HPLC,在Chiralcel AD-H柱(4.6mm内径x 25cm)上,20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)- 庚烷,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测,RT=19.5min,98.8%.
异构体2(R)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8- 萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(5mg):分析型手性HPLC RT=16.0min, 99.5%
实施例9.3-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2- 基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
实施例9分离成非对映异构体的混合物(2.6mg):LCMS(系统C) RT=0.76min,100%,ES+ve m/z 460(M+H)+;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6) 包括8.25(br s,1H),7.74(br s,1H),6.94-7.68(m,6H+),6.15-6.40(m,1H+), 3.25-3.33(m,1H),3.22(br s,2H),2.34-2.42(m,2H),2.12-2.28(m,1H), 1.95-2.04(m,1H),1.82-1.93(m,1H),1.69-1.78(m,2H),1.54-1.65(m,2H), 1.27-1.38(m,1H)(波谱显示为非对映异构体的混合物,它们连同积分值的一些变化被组合到一起)。
实施例10.3-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸的异构体 1:异构体2为9:1的混合物
将7-(2-((3R)-1-(2-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-甲氧基-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体23)(20mg,0.032mmol)的TFA(0.5mL,6.49mmol)溶液搅拌2小时。将溶液在氮气流下蒸发,将残余物溶于甲醇(0.5mL)中,用NaOH(0.5mL,1.0mmol) 处理,并搅拌15小时。将混合物在氮气流下蒸发以除去甲醇,并用2N HCl(0.7mL)酸化。将溶液冷冻干燥,将残余固体用1:1DMSO-MeOH(1mL) 处理。过滤悬浮液,将溶液通过MDAP(方法A)纯化,冷冻干燥后得到标题化合物(9.5mg,58%),通过NMR确定为9:1的非对映异构体混合物:LCMS (系统C)RT=0.77min,ES+ve m/z 504(M+H)+;1H NMR(CD3OD)包括7.51(t, J=7.5Hz,1H),7.32-7.43(m,3H),7.15(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.39(d,J=7.0Hz,1H), 6.30(s,1H),3.45-3.63(m,2H),3.35-3.40(m,2H),2.86(dd,J=16.5,10.0Hz, 1H),2.66-2.73(m,2H),2.61-2.67(m,1H),2.53-2.59(m,2H),2.32(s,3H), 2.15-2.26(m,1H),1.83-1.91(m,2H),1.74-1.83(m,2H),1.63-1.72(m,1H).
通过制备型手性HPLC分离从另一个实验获得的非对映异构体(62mg),在Chiralcel OJ-H(30mm x 250mm)上,用20%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)- 庚烷(含有0.2%异丙胺)洗脱,流速30mL/min,在215nm处检测,得到标题化合物。
异构体1(20mg).LCMS(系统C)RT=0.76min,ES+ve m/z 504(M+H)+;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.44-7.39(1H,m),7.34(1H,s),7.31(1H,d,J 8.0Hz),7.27(1H,d,J7.4Hz),7.02(1H,d,J 7.1Hz),6.28-6.21(3H,m),4.43 (2H,s),3.50-3.27(3H,m),2.91-2.75(3H,m),2.74-2.64(1H,m),2.64-2.53(4H, m),2.48-2.36(3H,m),2.35-2.23(4H,m),2.08-1.96(1H,m),1.95-1.83(1H,m), 1.79-1.70(2H,m),1.66-1.55(2H,m),1.40-1.28(1H,m);分析型手性HPLC RT=11.9min,99.5%,在Chiralcel OJ-H(4.6mm内径x 250mm)上,用20% EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷洗脱,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测。
异构体2.分析型手性HPLC RT=7min,99.5%.
实施例11.3-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(异构体 1:异构体2的9:1混合物)
将7-(2-((3R)-1-(2-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-甲氧基-4- 氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体 24)(42mg,0.068mmol)的TFA(0.5mL,6.5mmol)溶液在室温搅拌2小时。在氮气流下除去TFA,将残余物的甲醇(0.7mL)溶液用NaOH(1mL,2.0mmol) 处理,并在室温搅拌2小时。将溶液用HCl水溶液(2N 1.3mL)酸化,在氮气流下除去甲醇。将水溶液冷冻干燥,将残余物用DMSO/MeOH(1:1;1mL) 处理,过滤并通过MDAP(方法A)纯化,得到标题化合物(20mg,59%):LCMS (系统C)RT=0.89min,ES+ve m/z 506(M+H)+;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD) 包括7.49-7.56(m,1H),7.35-7.45(m,3H),7.14(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.36-6.42(m, 2H),5.33(d,J=48.5Hz,2H),2.86(br dd,J=16.0,10.0Hz,1H),2.56(t,J=7.5Hz, 2H),2.34(s,3H),1.82-1.91(m,2H),1.74-1.83(m,2H),1.61-1.71(m,1H)(列出的峰与主要异构体相关)。
[18F]3-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸可类似地制备用作诊断目的的正电子发射断层摄影(PET)配体。
实施例11的备选制备
(S)-3-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢 -1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
在室温,向7-(2-((R)-1-((S)-4-(叔丁氧基)-2-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-氧代丁基)吡咯烷-3-基)乙基)-3,4-二氢-1,8-萘啶-1(2H)-甲酸叔丁基酯(中间体39)(100mg,0.152mmol)的乙腈(3mL)溶液中加入三乙胺(0.127mL,0.909mmol)和甲磺酰氯(0.059mL,0.758mmol)。将反应加热至 65℃。30分钟后,LCMS显示转化为烷基氯中间体。将反应物在乙酸乙酯和碳酸氢钠溶液之间分配。将有机层用MgSO4干燥,并真空浓缩。将残余的浅橙色油状物溶于DMF(5.0mL)中,并加入氟化钾(35.2mg,0.606mmol)和 4,7,13,16,21,24-六氧杂-1,10-二氮杂双环[8.8.8]二十六烷(购自Aldrich)(228 mg,0.606mmol),将所得溶液在微波反应器中在120℃加热0.5小时,LCMS 表明氯化物被氟化物置换。将反应混合物在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。将有机层干燥(MgSO4)并真空浓缩,得到褐色油状物。将粗油状物溶于DCM(1mL) 中,用TFA(2mL)处理,搅拌2小时。将溶液在氮气流下浓缩,得到橙色胶状物,通过MDAP(方法A)纯化,收集相关的级分并浓缩,得到(S)-3-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(39.8mg,52%),为无色胶状物:LCMS(系统C)RT=0.97 min,100%,ES+ve m/z 506(M+H)+。
实施例12.3-(3-(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸
将除气的(R,E)-4-(3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁-2-烯酸甲酯(中间体5)(100mg,0.304mmol)、1,4-二甲基-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基 -1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1H-咪唑(中间体27)(272mg,0.911 mmol)、(R)-BINAP(9.45mg,0.015mmol)和3.8M KOH水溶液(0.240mL, 0.911mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(1mL)中的混合物用(1,5-环辛二烯)氯化铑(I)的二聚体(14.97mg,0.030mmol)处理。将反应混合物在100℃加热3.5小时。加入 KOH水溶液(0.240mL,0.911mmol),将混合物在100℃加热30分钟。过滤混合物以除去不溶物,用DMF(1mL)稀释,并通过MDAP(方法A)纯化。在吹扫装置中在氮气流下蒸发适当的级分。将残余物(35mg)溶于EtOH(1mL) 中,通过在Chiralcel OJ-H柱(30mm×250mm)上的手性HPLC分离非对映异构体,用25%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷(含有0.2%异丙胺)洗脱,流速= 30mL/min,在215nm处检测。蒸发适当的级分后,得到标题化合物的两种异构体:
异构体1(S)-3-(3-(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(16mg):LCMS(系统C)RT=0.81 min,100%,ES+ve m/z 488(M+H)+;分析型手性HPLC,在Chiralcel OJ-H柱 (4.6mm内径x 25cm)上,用25%EtOH(含有0.2%异丙胺)-庚烷(含有0.2%异丙胺)洗脱,流速1mL/min,在215nm处检测,RT=13.2min,99.5%;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.48(1H,s),7.44(1H,d,J 7.7Hz),7.35(1H,t,J 7.6Hz),7.26(1H,d,J 7.7Hz),7.01(1H,d,J 6.6Hz),6.92(1H,s),6.32-6.21(2H, m),3.30-3.21(4H,m),3.18(3H,s),2.85-2.76(2H,m),2.75-2.63(2H,m), 2.63-2.54(3H,m),2.46-2.30(3H,m),2.23(1H,t,J 8.0Hz),2.12(3H,s), 2.04-1.92(1H,m),1.92-1.82(1H,m),1.79-1.69(2H,m),1.67-1.53(2H,m), 1.37-1.27(1H,m).
异构体2(R)-3-(3-(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸(6mg):分析型手性HPLC RT=7.6 min,99.3%。
实施例13.(S)-3-(3-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8- 四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸钠盐
将NaOH(2M的MeOH溶液)(108μL,0.215mmol)加入到搅拌下的 3-(3-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基) 乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯(中间体32异构体2)(18mg,0.036mmol)在甲醇 (40μL)和DCM(320μL)中的溶液中。在室温将溶液在塞好的烧瓶中搅拌过夜。将溶剂在氮气下吹扫,得到灰白色固体(47mg)。将样品溶解于1:1 DMSO:MeOH中,并通过MDAP(方法A)纯化。从适当的级分中除去溶剂,得到标题化合物(8.49mg,49%),为无色胶状物:LCMS(系统C)RT=0.77min, 99%,ES+ve m/z 488(M+H)+.1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)7.47-7.30(m,2H), 7.30-7.23(m,1H),7.01(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.25-3.20(m, 3H),2.90-2.67(m,4H),2.60(t,J=6Hz,2H),2.55-2.52(m,2H),2.45-2.37(m, 3H),2.35-2.27(m,3H),2.26(s,3H),2.08-1.99(m,1H),1.96-1.86(m,1H), 1.77-1.70(m,2H),1.65-1.57(m,2H),1.39-1.29(m,1H).
实施例14,(S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸钠盐
将NaOH(2M在MeOH中)(31.6μL,0.063mmol)加入到搅拌下的 (S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸甲酯(15mg,0.032mmol)在MeOH(60μL)和DCM(0.32 mL)中的溶液中。将溶液在室温在密封容器中搅拌6小时。将溶剂在吹扫单元中在氮气下蒸发过夜。将残余的白色固体溶于1:1的DMSO-MeOH(0.8mL) 中,并通过MDAP(方法A)纯化。从适当的级分中除去溶剂,得到标题化合物(12mg,82%),为灰白色固体。LCMS(系统C)RT=0.75min,100%,ES+ve m/z 461(M+H)+.1HNMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.29(s,1H),8.23(s,1H),8.15 (s,1H),7.77(m,1H),7.70(br d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.32(d, J=7.8Hz,1H),7.02(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.32(br,1H),6.25(d,J=7.3Hz,1H), 3.36-3.29(m,1H),3.23(br,3H),2.92(d,J=12.1Hz,1H),2.86-2.81(m,2H), 2.75-2.69(m,1H),2.65(m,1H),2.60(m,3H),2.47-2.45(m,1H,被DMSO遮蔽),2.41(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.37-2.32(m,1H),2.07-2.00(m,1H),1.91(m,1H),1.75(m,2H),1.66-1.58(m,2H),1.40-1.32(m,1H).
生物测定
细胞粘附测定
利用的试剂和方法如[Ludbrook等人,Biochem.J.2003,369,311]所述,澄清以下几点。使用以下细胞系,其中括号中为配体:K562-α5β1(纤连蛋白)、 K562-αvβ3(LAP-b1)、K562-αvβ5(玻连蛋白)、K562-αvβ6(LAP-b1)、K562-αvβ8 (LAP-b1)。用于促进粘附的二价阳离子为2mM MgCl2。粘附通过用荧光染料 BCECF-AM(Life Technologies)标记细胞进行定量,其中将3x106个细胞/mL 的细胞悬浮液与0.33mL/mL的30mM BCECF-AM在37℃孵育10分钟,然后分散到测定板中。在测定结束时,使用50μL/孔的0.5%Triton X-100的 H2O溶液裂解粘附的细胞以释放荧光。使用板读数器(Perkin Elmer) 检测荧光强度。对于测定中的活性拮抗剂,将数据拟合至4参数逻辑斯蒂方程(logistic equation),用于测定IC50。
实施例1在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.5;αvβ3 pIC50=7.2;αvβ5pIC50=8.1;αvβ8pIC50=8.2。
实施例2在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.0;αvβ3 pIC50=5.8;αvβ5pIC50=7.2;αvβ8pIC50=7.9。
实施例3在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.7;αvβ3 pIC50=6.3;αvβ5pIC50=7.3;αvβ8pIC50=8.2;αvβ1pIC50=7.6。
实施例4在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.5;αvβ3 pIC50=5.9;αvβ5pIC50=6.8;αvβ8pIC50=7.9;αvβ1pIC50=7.3。
实施例5在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.3;αvβ3 pIC50=6.4;αvβ5pIC50=7.5;αvβ8pIC50=8.0;αvβ1pIC50=7.1。
实施例6在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=7.9;αvβ3 pIC50=5.4;αvβ5pIC50=6.7;αvβ8pIC50=7.3。
实施例7在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.2;αvβ3 pIC50=6.2;αvβ5pIC50=7.3;αvβ8pIC50=7.6。
实施例8在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.5;αvβ3 pIC50=6.6;αvβ5pIC50=7.5;αvβ8pIC50=8.2;αvβ1pIC50=7.3。
实施例9在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.2;αvβ3 pIC50=5.9;αvβ5pIC50=7.3;αvβ8pIC50=7.6。
实施例10在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.6;αvβ3pIC50=6.2;αvβ5pIC50=6.8;αvβ8pIC50=8.0。
实施例11在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.5;αvβ3pIC50=5.9;αvβ5pIC50=6.8;αvβ8pIC50=7.8;αvβ1pIC50=7.2。
实施例12在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.6;αvβ3pIC50=5.6;αvβ5pIC50=6.7;αvβ8pIC50=8.0。
实施例13在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.6;αvβ3pIC50=6.5;αvβ5pIC50=7.0;αvβ8pIC50=8.0;αvβ1pIC50=7.0。
实施例14在细胞粘附测定中的平均亲和力(pIC50)为:αvβ6pIC50=8.9;αvβ3pIC50=6.6;αvβ5pIC50=7.5;αvβ8pIC50=8.2;αvβ1pIC50=7.0。
Claims (21)
1.式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中R1表示五元芳香族杂环,其选自N-或C-连接的单或二取代的吡唑、N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑、或N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,该五元芳香族杂环可以被选自氢原子、甲基、乙基、氟原子、羟基甲基、2-羟基丙-2-基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基或氟甲基中的一个或两个基团取代,条件当R1表示N-连接的单或二取代的吡唑时,R1不代表3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、5-乙基-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3,5-二乙基-1H-吡唑-1-基、4-氟-3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基或1H-吡唑-1-基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1代表选自下列的基团:
3.根据权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1表示C-连接的单或二取代的吡唑,其选自3-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基和1,4-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基。
4.根据权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1表示N-连接的单或二取代的吡唑,其选自3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基、3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基和3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基。
5.根据权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1表示N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的三唑,其选自4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基、3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基、3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基、1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基和1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基。
6.根据权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1表示N-或C-连接的任选单或二取代的咪唑,其选自1H-咪唑-1-基,和单或二甲基咪唑,包括1-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基、4-甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基和(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)。
7.根据权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自1H-咪唑-1-基、(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)和(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)。
8.化合物,其选自:
3-(3-(3-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3,5-二甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-(2-羟基丙-2-基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)-3-(3-(3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)丁酸,
3-(3-(1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(1H-咪唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-(羟基甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
3-(3-(1,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
(S)-3-(3-(2,4-二甲基-1H-咪唑-5-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,和
(S)-3-(3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸,
或其盐。
9.[18F]3-(3-(3-(氟甲基)-5-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)苯基)-4-((R)-3-(2-(5,6,7,8-四氢-1,8-萘啶-2-基)乙基)吡咯烷-1-基)丁酸。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的化合物,其为药学上可接受的盐的形式。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗。
12.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症。
13.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其用于治疗特发性肺纤维化。
14.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于在人中治疗其中αvβ6受体的拮抗作用是有益的疾病的药物中的用途。
15.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于在人中预防其中αvβ6受体的拮抗作用是有益的疾病的药物中的用途。
16.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗人纤维化疾病的药物中的用途。
17.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于预防人纤维化疾病的药物中的用途。
18.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗人特发性肺纤维化的药物中的用途。
19.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于预防人特发性肺纤维化的药物中的用途。
20.药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
21.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗需要αvβ6整联蛋白拮抗剂的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
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GBGB1417094.8A GB201417094D0 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | Novel compounds |
PCT/EP2015/071782 WO2016046230A1 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-09-22 | Naphthyridine derivatives as alpha v beta 6 integrin antagonists for the treatment of e.g. fibrotic diseases |
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