CN1070740C - 具有压力补偿的滴流灌溉软管及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有压力补偿的滴流灌溉软管及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1070740C
CN1070740C CN94193131A CN94193131A CN1070740C CN 1070740 C CN1070740 C CN 1070740C CN 94193131 A CN94193131 A CN 94193131A CN 94193131 A CN94193131 A CN 94193131A CN 1070740 C CN1070740 C CN 1070740C
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迈克尔·德弗兰克
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Abstract

在一个灌溉冲洗软管内沿着流体调节通道(13)的长度方向彼此相邻接地形成一个层流区(16，17)和一个湍流区(18，19)。由于对供水管(12)的压力敏感，当压力增加时层流区的横截面积减小以补偿压力变化对软管滴流流量的影响。利用连续输送第一段薄膜条(10)通过一组装装置来制造该软管。在薄膜的中间区域设置一个或多个熔珠以形成一个流体调节通道。第二段塑料薄膜条(15)密封在成形的熔珠上构成流体调节通道(13)；第一段薄膜条在边缘(11)处密封在一起以形成软管。

Description

具有压力补偿的滴流灌溉软管及其制造方法
本发明涉及滴流灌溉(或冲洗)，尤其是涉及具有压力补偿的滴流灌溉软管及其制造方法。
滴流灌溉软管可以划分为两类：具有不连续发送源或具有连续的一体化发送源。不连续发送源的例子示于美国专利NO.4,850,531，连续一体化层流发送源的例子示于美国专利NO.4,247,051。
美国专利No.3,870,236说明了一种管线，该管线由文唯一的薄膜条制成，具有通道元件，该通道元件安装在管线的外部，突起地形成在薄膜条上。美国专利No.5,163,622说明了形成流体减弱元件的两种方法，但这两种方法都没有包括敷设和形成熔珠。在其中一种方法中，塑料薄膜条穿过两个模板之间，该模板模铸成流体减弱元件，同时把该流体减弱元件贴在薄膜条上。在另外一种方法中，带有流体减弱元件的预成形的连续塑料薄膜条穿过一挤压头，该挤压头产生挤压成形的管，带有流体减弱元件的塑料薄膜条粘接在该挤压成形的管上。
美国专利No.3,870,236和No.5,163,622都没有公开形成熔珠并且将熔珠制成流体调节通道的方法。
美国专利No.5,123,984说明了在相互重叠的边缘处使用挤压成形的熔珠。然而，没有公开在细长的塑料薄膜条的纵向中心区域使用挤压成形的熔珠。
滴流灌溉软管的设计目的是使从每个发送源流出的滴流流量一致。由于滴流灌溉装置中的水压按场地高度的变化而变化，通常在发送源中包括一个压力调节机构。湍流流量对压力变化的敏感程度低于层流流量。相应地，对滴流灌溉软管通常的做法是采用螺旋形流体调节通道作为连续一体化发送源来增进湍流。这样一个滴流灌溉软管的例子见于美国专利NO.4,984,739。
按照本发明的一个方面，在一个滴流灌溉软管通过一个滴流灌溉软管装配工位连续地输送第一长度的塑薄膜制成。一个或多个熔珠设置在薄膜中心区，熔珠构成一个由侧壁限定的流体调节通道。一第二长度的塑薄膜其宽度窄于第一长度的塑料薄膜，该第二长度塑料薄膜对其侧壁加以密封同时使其熔化以便在侧壁和第一、第二长度塑料薄膜之间构成一个流体调节通道，至流体调节通道的入口和来自流体调节通道的出口之间形成一隔开的间隔，第一长度塑料薄膜沿纵向折转以重叠其边缘并对重叠的边缘加以密封而完成上述的软管制作。
实现本发明的最佳模式的具体实施例的特点将在下列图中示出，其中
图1是用于按本发明原理制造的滴流灌溉软管的装置的示意性侧视图；
图2是沿图1中平面2-2剖切后的截面图；
图3是沿图1中平面3-3剖切后的截面图；
图4是沿图1中平面4-4剖切后的截面图；
图5是沿图1中平面5-5剖切后的截面图；
图6是一个利用图1中装置制成的滴流灌溉软管的截面图；和
图7是一个图6中流体调节通道的纵向截面图。
在图6中将一连续的可弯曲的不透水塑料薄膜条10顺纵向折叠使得其边缘搭接重叠。搭接重叠的边缘依靠由相似塑性材料制成的塑料熔珠11封闭在一起以形成一软管。另外，如果需要，薄膜条10的边缘可以被加热并直接粘接在一起。薄膜条10的厚度一般在4到15mil(密耳)。软管的内表面限定出了一个相当大的供水管12。一个更小的流体调节通道13由薄膜条10的一部分14和一个薄的、连续的调节流体的塑料薄膜条15所限定。条15比薄膜条10更易弯曲。因此在水的压力作用下条15比薄膜条10更为弯曲。条15一般比薄膜10更薄且/或更具弹性。举个例子，条15可以是由50％线性低密度聚乙稀(LLDPE--Linear lowdensitypolyethylene)和50％热塑合成橡胶组成的4mil(密耳)厚的塑料薄膜。模压而成的塑料导轨16和17从薄膜条10的表面向内延伸并沿软管的长度方向将薄膜10与条15相连。导轨16和17具有光滑平直的内表面。模压而成的塑料侧壁18和19自薄膜条10的表面沿平行于导轨16和17的软管长度方向向内延伸但18,19被条15所分隔开。侧壁18和19具有相邻的锯齿形或波浪形表面，该表面设计用以引发湍流。每个波浪形表面都具有重叠交错尖端，(图7)因此可有侧壁18和19间流过的液体必定在每个尖端处改变方向。为此，侧壁18和19沿流体调节通道13的长度方向形成一个湍流区。波浪形表面同样具有与导轨16和17的光滑表面相一致的根部。借助于导轨16和17的光滑表面，侧壁18和19顶部及条15表面之间的空间限定出一个与湍流区段相邻且与湍流区段液体连通的层流区。条15、导轨16和17及侧壁18和19所用的塑料也与塑料薄膜条10所用的塑料相似。
如图7所示，流体调节通道13沿软管的整个长度方向连续地延伸，但最好被分为具有重复形式的区段。每个区段具有一个通过使该区段一端附近的导轨17间断而形成的入口20和位于该区段另一端附近在薄膜条10内形成的出口21。出口21可以是一个孔或槽。一个横向端壁22将某一区段的入口20与相邻区段的出口21分开。端壁22与导轨16和17厚度相同，导轨16和17与条15形成密封。因此，水自供水管12流向出口21的唯一路线是通过流体调节通道13的湍流区和层流区。
当供水管12中的压力增加时，条15向侧壁18和19的上表面弯曲从而减小了条15与侧壁18和19之间的距离也即减小了层流区的横截面积。这样增大了湍流与层流之比，减小了流体调节通道13的总横截面积，使来自滴流灌溉软管流出的流体流量不过份依赖于压力变化。
为在图1所示的组装工位上制造所描述的滴流灌溉软管，连续的塑料薄膜条10首先通过一个按美国专利NO.0,123,984或申请号为NO.08/067,382所述方法制做出口槽或孔出口的成形工位30，本文中将这两个专利中的描述引作参考，薄膜条10被缠绕在一个变向轮32上，准备通过一挤压机34，该挤压机在薄膜条10的内表面，出口21的两侧设置一对连续塑料熔珠35a和35b(图2)。熔珠35a和35b及薄膜条10穿过模或筋肋成形轮36和支撑轮37之间的缝隙同时仍处于熔融态以形成被称为成形熔珠35的导轨16和17、侧壁18和19、入口20和横向端壁22(图3)。成形轮36最好与工位30上的出口成形轮安装在同一轴上。来自一个滚筒或料箱的条15与薄膜条10和成形熔珠35一起被送入成形轮38和39之间的缝隙，与此同时它们仍处于熔融态(图4)以使条15能与导轨16和17及端壁22粘接。离开成形轮38和39的缝隙之后，薄膜条10的一边被一个薄膜导向装置(未画出)以熟知的方式折叠90°角而薄膜条10的另一边被一个薄膜导向装置折叠成180°从而形成一个平面，可以利用挤压机43在该平面上设置熔珠42(图5)。此后，另一边被弯曲折叠至熔珠42上，并且依此方法形成的接缝也通过成形轮44和45的缝隙以制成滴流灌溉软管。在所述的滴流灌溉软管的制造过程中薄膜条10由一个平面(未画出)所支承。
所描述的本发明实施例仅被认为是最佳实例，并仅仅是为了对发明基本原理进行说明；本发明的范围并不局限于这些实施例。精通此项技术者可以设计出各种各样的装置而不背离本发明的实质和范围。

Claims (15)

1．一种在组装装置或工位上连续制造滴流灌溉软管的方法，包括以下步骤：
将具有第一和第二纵向边缘和一个位于两边缘之间的纵向中心区域的第一段塑料薄膜条连续输送通过组装装置；
在中心区域设置由相似塑料制成的一个或多个连续熔珠；
将中心区域上的一个或多个熔珠制成由侧壁限定出的一个流体调节通道；
将比第一段薄膜条窄的第二段塑料薄膜条与侧壁相互密封，同时，使之熔化，以便在侧壁和第一条和第二条薄膜条之间形成一个流体调节通道；
沿长度方向以一定间隔在调节通道上形成软管入口；
沿长度方向以一定间隔在调节通道上形成软管出口；
沿纵向弯曲折叠第一段薄膜条使其边缘搭接重叠并密封相互搭接重叠的边缘。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：第二段薄膜条比第一段薄膜条更易弯曲。
3．如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：第二段薄膜条比第一段薄膜条更薄。
4．如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：与第一段薄膜条相比第二段薄膜条由更具弹性的材料制成。
5．如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于；折叠步骤使得第一段薄膜条覆盖了第二段薄膜条。
6．如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：在一个侧壁上形成入口。
7．如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：在第一段薄膜条上形成出口。
8．如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于：侧壁包括密封第二段薄膜条的外导轨部分和与第二段薄膜条相隔一定距离的内导轨部分。
9．如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：外导轨部分所具形状是用来引发层流。
10．如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于；内导轨部分所具形状是用来引发湍流。
11．一种滴流灌溉软管，包括：
具有大横截面积的细长的供水管，该供水管由一条连续的、在边缘处密封的塑料薄膜形成；
固定在供水管内部的细长的流体调节通道，流体调节通道具有较小的流体调节横截面；
一组自供水管至流体调节通道的按间隔布置的入口；
一组自流体调节通道至软管外部的按间隔布置的出口；
沿流体调节通道长度方向形成的层流区；
沿流体调节通道长度方向与层流区相邻接的湍流区；及
对供水管内压力敏感，能随压力的增加减小层流区横截面积从而补偿压力变化对软管滴流流量的影响的机构，
其特征在于：流体调节通道具有从薄膜条向内延伸的纵向侧壁，侧壁高度方向的基底部具有能形成湍流区的波浪形表面，而侧壁高度方向的其余部分具有能形成层流区的光滑表面。
12．如权利要求11所述的软管，其特征在于：波浪形表面与供水管相邻，并且缩小机构包括一条封闭侧壁的可弯曲的连续的塑料薄膜条从而使光滑表面在此毗连，随着压力的增加可弯曲塑料薄膜条向波浪形表面弯曲以减小层流区的横截面积。
13．如权利要求12所述的软管，其特征在于：光滑平面与波浪形表面的根部对齐。
14．如权利要求12所述的软管，其特征在于：可弯曲薄膜条比具有密封边缘的薄膜条要薄。
15．如权利要求12所述的软管，其特征在于：与具有密封边缘的薄膜条相比可弯曲薄膜条由更富弹性的材料制成。
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