CN107072946B - 用于递送活性剂的脂质和脂质组合物 - Google Patents
用于递送活性剂的脂质和脂质组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107072946B CN107072946B CN201580060043.1A CN201580060043A CN107072946B CN 107072946 B CN107072946 B CN 107072946B CN 201580060043 A CN201580060043 A CN 201580060043A CN 107072946 B CN107072946 B CN 107072946B
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Abstract
本发明提供了式(I)的化合物或其可药用盐,其中RA、RB、R2和R4如本文所定义。式(I)的化合物及其可药用盐为阳离子脂质,可用于将生物学活性剂递送至细胞和组织。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及阳离子脂质化合物和包含这些化合物的组合物。本发明还涉及制备这些化合物和组合物的方法,以及这些化合物和组合物的方法和用途,例如将生物活性剂如RNA剂递送至细胞和组织的方法和用途。
发明背景
生物活性剂(包括治疗相关化合物)向受试者的递送通常受阻于难以到达靶细胞或组织的化合物。特别地,许多生物活性剂向活细胞中的运输受到复杂的细胞膜系统的很大限制。这些限制可导致需要使用比达到结果所需要的高得多的生物活性剂的浓度,这增加了毒性作用和副作用的风险。该问题的一个解决方案是利用允许选择性进入细胞的特定载体分子和载体组合物。可以使用脂质载体,可生物降解聚合物和各种缀合系统来改善生物活性剂向细胞的递送。
一类特别难以递送至细胞的生物活性剂是生物治疗剂(包括核苷、核苷酸、多核苷酸、核酸和衍生物如RNA剂)。通常,核酸在细胞或血浆中仅在有限时间内是稳定的。RNA干扰、RNAi治疗、mRNA治疗、RNA药物、反义疗法、基因疗法和基于核酸的疫苗(例如RNA疫苗)等的发展增加了将活性核酸活性剂引入细胞的有效方式的需求。由于这些原因,可以稳定基于核酸的活性剂并将其递送到细胞中的组合物是特别有意义的。
用于改善外来核酸至细胞中的转运的最为广泛研究的方法包括使用病毒载体或阳离子脂质的配制物。病毒载体可用于将基因有效转运至某些细胞类型中,但是它们通常不能用于将化学合成的分子引入细胞。
一种替代方法是使用含有阳离子脂质的递送组合物,所述脂质一部分与生物活性剂相互作用且另一部分与膜系统相互作用。据报道此类组合物提供了脂质体、微囊(miscelles)、脂质体复合物(lipoplexes)或脂质纳米颗粒(根据组合物和制备方法)(综述参见Felgner,1990,Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,5,162-187;Felgner,1993,J.Liposome Res.,3,3-16;Gallas,2013,Chem.Soc.Rev.,42,7983-7997;Falsini,2013,J.Med.Chem.dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm400791q;及其中的参考文献)。
自从1957年由Bangham(J.Mol.Biol.13,238-252)首次描述脂质体以来,在开发用于递送生物活性剂的基于脂质的载体系统方面已经有持续的兴趣和努力(Allen,2013,Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,65,36-48)。Philip Felgner等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA,84,7413-7417(1987)首先描述了通过使用带正电荷的脂质体将功能性核酸引入培养细胞的方法。随后在K.L.Bbrigham等人,Am.J.Med.Sci.,298,278-281(1989)中该方法在体内得到证实。最近,脂质纳米颗粒配制物已经在体外和体内被证明有效。(Falsini,2013,J.Med.Chem.dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm400791q;Morrissey,2005,Nat.Biotech.,23,1002-1007;Zimmerman,2006,Nature,441,111-114.;Jayaraman,2012,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,51,8529-8533.)
脂质配制物是有吸引力的载体,因为它们可以保护生物分子免于降解,同时改善其细胞摄取。在各种类型的脂质配制物中,含有阳离子脂质的配制物通常用于递送聚阴离子(例如核酸)。这种配制物可以单独使用阳离子脂质形成,并任选地包括其它脂质和两亲物如磷脂酰乙醇胺。本领域众所周知,脂质配制物的组成以及其制备方法均影响所得聚合体的结构和尺寸(Leung,2012,J.Phys Chem.C,116,18440-18450)。
使用阳离子脂质包封阴离子化合物,由于静电相互作用基本上是定量的。此外,据信阳离子脂质与启动细胞膜转运的带负电荷的细胞膜相互作用(Akhtar等人,1992,TrendsCell Bio.,2,139;Xu等人,1996,Biochemistry 35,5616)。此外,据信阳离子脂质的分子形状、构型和性质提供了从内体区室至细胞液的增强的递送效率(Semple,2010,Nat.Biotech,28,172-176;Zhang,2011,27,9473-9483)
尽管使用阳离子脂质用于细胞递送生物活性剂已被证明具有若干优点,但仍然需要进一步的阳离子脂质,其促进生物活性剂如mRNA和RNAi剂向细胞的全身和局部递送。还需要阳离子脂质,相对于本领域已知的那些阳离子脂质,改善生物活性剂向细胞的全身和局部递送。还需要具有优化的物理特性的脂质配制物,以改进生物活性剂至特定器官和肿瘤、特别是肝外肿瘤的全身和局部递送。
此外,相对于本领域已知的那些阳离子脂质,需要提供减小的毒性(或改善的治疗指数)的另外的阳离子脂质。传统的阳离子脂质已经用于将RNA和DNA递送到肝脏或肿瘤,但是在较高剂量下会受到非最佳递送效率以及组织和器官毒性的影响。一种减少阳离子脂质的暴露和增加生物相容性的方法是引入化学或生化学可降解的官能团(如酯、酰胺、缩醛、亚胺等),这能使得体内清除率提高(Maier,2013,21,1570-1578)。
发明概述
本发明提供一种阳离子脂质骨架,由于在相关组织中持续的较低的脂质水平其显示出增强的效力以及更低的毒性(改善的治疗指数),并用于局部递送应用(眼睛、耳朵、皮肤、肺);递送至肌肉(i.m.)、脂肪或皮下细胞(s.c.给药)。
在一个方面中,本发明提供了式(I)的化合物:
或其可药用盐,其中RA、RB、R2和R4如本文所定义。式(I)的化合物及其可药用盐是可用于将生物活性剂递送至细胞和组织的阳离子脂质。
在第二个方面中,本发明提供了包含式(I)的化合物(即本发明的脂质组合物)或其可药用盐的脂质组合物。在一个实施方案中,脂质组合物还包含至少一种其它脂质组分。在另一个实施方案中,所述脂质组合物还包含生物活性剂,任选地还有一种或多种其它脂质组分。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物是脂质体的形式。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物为脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)的形式。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适于递送至肝脏。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适于递送至肿瘤。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适用于免疫目的。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适用于局部递送应用(眼、耳、皮肤、肺);递送到肌肉(i.m.)、脂肪或皮下细胞(s.c.给药)。
在第三个方面中,本发明提供了包含本发明的脂质组合物和可药用载体或赋形剂的药物组合物(即配制物)。在一个实施方案中,药物组合物包含在脂质组合物中的至少一种其它脂质组分。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物是脂质体的形式。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物是脂质纳米颗粒的形式。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适于递送至肝脏。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适于递送至肿瘤。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适用于局部递送应用(眼、耳、皮肤、肺);递送到肌肉(i.m.)、脂肪或皮下细胞(s.c.给药)。在另一个实施方案中,生物活性剂是RNA或DNA。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适用于免疫目的,生物活性剂是编码免疫原的RNA或DNA。
在第四个方面中,本发明提供了治疗疾病或病症的方法,其包括将治疗有效量的本发明的脂质组合物施用于需要所述治疗的患者的步骤。在一个实施方案中,所述疾病或病症可以通过施用RNA或DNA剂治疗。在另一个实施方案中,脂质组合物适用于免疫目的,且生物活性剂是编码免疫原的RNA或DNA。
在第五个方面中,本发明提供了本发明的脂质组合物在治疗患者的疾病或病症中的用途。在一个实施方案中,可以通过施用RNA或DNA剂治疗疾病或病症。
在第六个方面中,本发明提供了一种针对感兴趣的免疫原在受试者中诱导免疫应答的方法,包括向受试者施用免疫有效量的本发明的脂质组合物及编码免疫原的RNA或DNA。
在第七个方面中,本发明提供了本发明的脂质组合物在受试者中针对感兴趣的免疫原诱导免疫应答的用途。所述脂质与编码免疫原的RNA或DNA组合使用。本发明还提供了本发明的脂质组合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于在受试者中针对感兴趣的免疫原诱导免疫应答。
发明详述
在第一个实施方案中,本发明是式(I)的化合物或其盐:
其中RA和RB中的任一个是–O-R3,且另一个是–CH2-O-C(O)-R1;R1是C1-6-亚烷基-NR’R”、C1-6-烷氧基-NR’R”、杂环基、杂环基-C1-8-烷基或杂环基-C1-8-烷氧基,其各自可任选地被1、2或3个独立地选自以下的基团所取代:卤素、C1-8-烷基和C3-7-环烷基;R’和R”各自独立地是氢或-C1-8-烷基;R2和R3各自独立地是C12-22烷基、C12-22链烯基、
R4选自氢、卤素和C1-4烷基。
在第二个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一个实施方案的化合物或其盐,其中该化合物具有式(II)的结构:
在第三个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一个实施方案的化合物或其盐,其中所述化合物具有式(III)的结构:
在第四个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至三个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中R4是氢。
在第五个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至四个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中R1选自:
在第七个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至六个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中R2选自:
在第八个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至七个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中R2选自:
在第九个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至八个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中R3选自
在第十个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至九个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中R3选自:
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至十个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中R2和R3是相同的。
在第十一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第一至十个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其盐,其中化合物选自:
4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
双癸酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((3-(二甲基氨基)丙酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((1-甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-((((3-(二甲基氨基)丙氧基)羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-((((3-(二乙基氨基)丙氧基)羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
碳酸3-(二甲基氨基)丙基酯4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳-9,12-二烯酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丁烷-4,1-二基)酯;
碳酸4-(二甲基氨基)丁基酯4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
双癸酸((2-(((1-乙基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((1-异丙基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-((2-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)乙酸基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((4-(吡咯烷-1-基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
碳酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基)酯;
(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳-9,12-二烯酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯;
3-(二甲基氨基)丙酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
碳酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯(3-(二乙基氨基)丙基)酯;
双癸酸((4-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((4-(((4-(二乙基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二乙基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯;
癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-3-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯;
癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丙烷-3,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((4-(((1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯;和
4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,4-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯。
在第十二个实施方案中,本发明是包含根据第一至第十一个实施方案中任一项的化合物或其可药用盐的脂质组合物。
在第十三个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二个实施方案的脂质组合物,其还包含生物活性剂。
在第十四个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十三个实施方案的脂质组合物,其中生物活性剂是核酸。
在第十五个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十三至第十四个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述生物活性剂是DNA、siRNA或mRNA。
在第十六个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十三至第十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述生物活性剂是mRNA。
在第十七个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十三至第十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述生物活性剂是siRNA。
在第十八个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第十七个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其还包含辅助脂质。
在第十九个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第十八个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,还包含中性脂质。
在第二十个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第十九个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其还包含隐形脂质(stealth lipid)。
在第二十一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中辅助脂质是胆固醇,中性脂质是DSPC,隐形脂质是S010、S024、S027、S031或S033。
在第二十二个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十一个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物为脂质纳米颗粒的形式。
在第二十三个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十二个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其具有30-60%的式(I)的化合物,5-10%胆固醇/30-60%的DSPC,以及.1-5%的S010、S024、S027、S031或S033。
在第二十四个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十三个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为4-8。
在第二十五个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十四个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为5-7。
在第二十六个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为5.9-6.5。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为5.9。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为6.0。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为6.1。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为6.2。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为6.3。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为6.4。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明是根据第十二至第二十五个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物,其中所述脂质组合物的pH在包封和/或配制时为6.5。
在第二十七个实施方案中,本发明是包含根据第十二至第二十六个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物以及可药用载体或赋形剂的药物组合物。
在第二十八个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括将治疗有效量的根据第十二至第二十七个实施方案中任一项的脂质组合物施用于需要所述治疗的患者的步骤。
在第二十九个实施方案中,本发明提供了包含实施方案1-11中任一项的化合物的脂质体,其中所述脂质体包封有编码免疫原的RNA分子。
在第三十个实施方案中,本发明提供了包含实施方案1-11中任一项的化合物的脂质纳米颗粒(LNP),其中所述LNP(i)包封有编码免疫原的RNA分子,或(ii)与编码免疫原的RNA分子复合。
在第三十一个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案29的脂质体或实施方案30的LNP,其中所述脂质体的直径在80-160nm的范围内。
在第三十二个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案29-31中任一项的脂质体或LNP,其中所述脂质体还包含含有两性离子头基的脂质。
在第三十三个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案29-32中任一项的脂质体或LNP,其中所述脂质体还包含DlinDMA(1,2-二亚油基氧基-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基丙烷)、DSPC(1,2-双硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱)、胆固醇、聚乙二醇化脂质或其组合。
在第三十四个实施方案中,本发明提供包含实施方案29-33中任一项的脂质体或LNP的药物组合物。
在第三十五个实施方案中,本发明提供了包含脂质体群和免疫原编码RNA分子群的药物组合物,其中所述脂质体包含实施方案1-11中任一项的化合物,且其中RNA分子群的至少一半被包封在脂质体中。
在第三十六个实施方案中,本发明提供包含纳米颗粒(LNP)群和编码免疫原的RNA分子群的药物组合物,其中所述LNP包含权利要求1-11中任一项的化合物,且其中RNA分子群的至少一半(i)被包封在LNP中;或(ii)与LNP复合。
在第三十七个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种实施方案35或36的药物组合物,其中(i)至少80%数量的脂质体或LNP具有60-180nm范围内的直径,(ii)所述群体的平均直径在60-180nm的范围内,或(iii)脂质体或LNP的直径具有<0.2的多分散指数。
在第三十八个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包含(i)根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或其可药用盐;(ii)编码免疫原的RNA分子。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案38的药物组合物,其还包含含有两性离子头基的脂质。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案38的药物组合物,其还包含DlinDMA(1,2-二亚油基氧基-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基丙烷),DSPC(1,2-双硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱)、胆固醇、聚乙二醇化脂质或其组合。
在第三十九个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案29-33中任一项的脂质体或LNP或实施方案34-38中任一项的药物组合物,其中所述RNA是自我复制的RNA。
在第四十个实施方案中,本发明提供实施方案39的脂质体、LNP或药物组合物,其中所述自复制RNA编码RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶。
在第四十一个实施方案中,本发明提供实施方案39或40的脂质体、LNP或药物组合物,其中所述自复制RNA包含两个可读框,其中第一个编码甲病毒属复制酶,其中第二个编码免疫原。
在第四十二个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案39-41中任一项的脂质体、LNP或药物组合物,其中所述自复制RNA为9000-12000个核苷酸长。
在第四十三个实施方案中,本发明提供了实施方案29-42中任一项的脂质体、LNP或药物组合物,其中所述免疫原可在体内引起针对细菌、病毒、真菌或寄生虫的免疫应答。
在第四十四个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种在脊椎动物中诱导免疫应答的方法,其包括向所述脊椎动物施用有效量的实施方案29-43中任一项的脂质体、LNP或药物组合物。
本文中使用的术语“烷基”是指具有规定数目碳原子的完全饱和的支链或非支链烃链。例如,C1-6烷基是指具有1-6个碳原子的烷基。例如,C2-6烷基是指具有2-6个碳原子的烷基。例如,C1-8烷基是指具有1至8个碳原子的烷基。例如,C4-22烷基是指具有4至22个碳原子的烷基。例如,C6-10烷基是指具有6至10个碳原子的烷基。例如,C12-22烷基是指具有12至22个碳原子的烷基。烷基的代表性示例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、3-甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、9-甲基十七烷基、1-庚基癸基、2-辛基癸基、6-己基十二烷基、4-庚基十一烷基等。
本文中使用的术语“亚烷基”是指上文中所定义的二价烷基。亚烷基的代表性示例包括但不限于亚甲基、亚乙基、正亚丙基、异亚丙基、正亚丁基、仲亚丁基、异亚丁基、叔亚丁基、正亚戊基、异亚戊基、新亚戊基、正-亚己基、3-甲基亚己基、2,2-二甲基亚戊基、2,3-二甲基亚戊基、正亚庚基、正亚辛基、正亚壬基、正亚癸基等。例如,C1-6亚烷基是指具有1至6个碳原子的亚烷基。
本文中使用的术语“链烯基”是指具有规定数目碳原子并且在链中具有一或多个碳-碳双键的不饱和的支链或非支链烃链。例如,C12-22链烯基是指具有12至22个碳原子并且在链中具有一或多个碳-碳双键的链烯基。在某些实施方案中,链烯基在链中具有一个碳-碳双键。在其它实施方案中,链烯基在链中具有一个以上的碳-碳双键。链烯基可以任选被一或多个式(I)中所定义的取代基取代。链烯基的代表性示例包括但不限于乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基等。链烯基的其它示例包括但不限于:Z-十八碳-9-烯基、Z-十一碳-7-烯基、Z-十七-8-烯基、(9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯基、(8Z,11Z)-十七-8,11-二烯基、(8Z,11Z,14Z)-十七-8,11,14-三烯基、亚麻基(linolenyl)、2-辛基癸-1-烯基、亚油基(linoleyl)和油基(olelyl)。
本文中使用的术语“烷氧基”是指通过氧桥连接的任何烷基部分(即–O-C1-3烷基基团,其中C1-3烷基如本文所定义)。此类基团的示例包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基和丙氧基。例如,C1-6烷氧基是指具有1至6个碳原子的烷氧基。
本文中使用的术语“环烷基”是指具有指定数目碳原子的饱和的单环、双环或三环烃环。例如,C3-7环烷基是指具有3-7个碳原子的环烷基环。环烷基可以任选被一或多个式(I)中所定义的取代基取代。环烷基的代表性示例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、双环[2.1.1]己基、双环[2.2.1]庚基、金刚烷基等。
本文中使用的术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和碘。
本文中使用的术语“杂环”是指含有1-4个杂原子的4-12元饱和的或不饱和的单环或双环。杂环环系不为芳族。含有多于一个杂原子的杂环基团可能含有不同的杂原子。杂环基团可以是单环、螺环或稠合的或桥连的双环环系。单环杂环基团的示例包括四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、1,4-二噁烷基、吗啉基、1,4-二噻烷基、氮杂环丁基、哌嗪基、哌啶基、1,3-二氧戊环基、咪唑烷基、咪唑啉基、吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡喃基、1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶基、氧硫杂环戊烷基、二硫杂环戊烷基、1,3-二噁烷基、1,3-二噻烷基、氧杂噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、1,4,7-三氧杂-10-氮杂环十二烷基、氮杂环庚基(azapanyl)等。螺杂环的示例包括但不限于1,5-二氧杂-9-氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷基、1,4-二氧杂-8-氮杂螺[4.5]癸基、2-氮杂-7-氮杂螺[3.5]壬基等。稠合的杂环环系具有8-11个环原子,包括如下基团:其中杂环与苯环稠合。稠合杂环的示例包括但不限于十氢喹啉基(decahydroqunilinyl)、(4aS,8aR)-十氢异喹啉基、(4aS,8aS)-十氢异喹啉基、八氢环戊二烯并[c]吡咯基、异吲哚啉基(isoinolinyl)、(3aR,7aS)-六氢-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并(dioxolo)[4.5-c]吡啶基、八氢-1H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶基、四氢异喹啉基等。
本文中使用的术语“杂环基C1-8烷基”是指如上定义的杂环,其通过单键或如上所定义的C1-8烷基连接到分子的其余部分。
本文中使用的术语“杂环基C1-8烷氧基”是指如上定义的杂环,其通过单键或如上所定义的C1-8烷氧基连接至分子的其余部分。
本文中使用的术语“光学异构体”或“立体异构体”是指本发明指定化合物可能存在的任何各种立体异构构型,包括几何异构体。应当理解,取代基可以与碳原子的手性中心连接。术语“手性”是指与其镜像分子对具有非重叠性特征的分子,而术语“非手性”是指与其镜像分子对能够重叠的分子。因此,本发明包括化合物的对映异构体、非对映异构体或外消旋体。“对映异构体”是彼此镜像不重叠的一对立体异构体。一对对映异构体的1:1混合物为“外消旋”混合物。在适当的时候,该术语用于命名外消旋混合物。“非对映异构体”为具有至少两个不对称原子的立体异构体,但是它们不是彼此的镜像。绝对立体化学根据Cahn-lngold-Prelog R-S系统说明。当化合物为纯对映体时,每个手性碳的立体化学可以指定为R或S。根据它们在钠D线波长处旋转平面偏振光的方向(右旋或左旋),可以将绝对构型未知的拆分化合物指定为(+)或(-)。本文中所述的某些化合物含有一或多个不对称中心或轴,因此可以产生对映异构体、非对映异构体和其它立体异构形式,它们可以根据绝对立体化学指定为(R)-或(S)-。
根据选择的原料和工艺方法,化合物可以是可能存在的异构体形式之一,或者是其混合物的形式,例如根据不对称碳原子的数目,可以是纯光学异构体或异构体混合物,例如外消旋体和非对映异构体混合物,或者几何(顺式或反式)异构体。本发明应当包括所有此类可能的异构体,包括外消旋混合物、非对映异构体混合物和光学纯形式。光学活性的(R)-和(S)-异构体可以采用手性合成子或手性试剂制备,或者采用常规技术拆分。如果化合物含有双键,则取代基可以是E或Z构型。如果化合物含有二取代的环烷基,则该环烷基取代基可以具有顺式-或反式-构型。还应当包括所有的互变异构形式。
本发明化合物的任何不对称原子(例如碳原子等)可以存在外消旋或对映体富集,例如(R)-、(S)-或(R,S)-构型。在某些实施方案中,在(R)-或(S)-构型中每个不对称原子具有至少50%的对映体过量、至少60%的对映体过量、至少70%的对映体过量、至少80%的对映体过量、至少90%的对映体过量、至少95%的对映体过量或至少99%的对映体过量。如果可能的话,具有不饱和双键的原子的取代基可以存在顺式-(Z)-或反式-(E)-形式。
因此,本文中使用的本发明化合物可以是下列可能存在的形式之一:异构体、旋转异构体、阻转异构体、互变异构体或其混合物,例如基本上纯的几何(顺式或反式)异构体、非对映异构体、光学异构体(对映体)、外消旋体或其混合物。
任何获得的异构体混合物可以根据其组成成分的物理化学性质的不同分离为纯的或基本上纯的几何或光学异构体、非对映异构体、外消旋体,例如通过色谱方法和/或分步结晶的方法分离。
任何获得的终产物或中间体的外消旋物根据已知的方法拆分为光学异构体,例如通过分离采用光学活性的酸或碱获得的其非对映体盐,释放出光学活性的酸性或碱性化合物。因此,尤为特别的是,碱性部分可以用于将本发明化合物拆分为其光学对映体,例如通过盐的分步结晶方法拆分,所述盐采用光学活性的酸形成,例如酒石酸、二苯甲酰基酒石酸、二乙酰基酒石酸、二-O,O'-对-苯甲酰基酒石酸、扁桃酸、苹果酸或樟脑-10-磺酸。外消旋产物也可以通过手性色谱方法拆分,例如采用手性吸附剂的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法。
本文中使用的术语“盐”是指本发明化合物的酸加成盐。“盐”特别包括可药用的盐。术语“可药用的盐”是指能够保持本发明化合物的生物学效能和特性的盐,其通常不具有生物学上或其它方面的不希望的特性。在多种情况下,由于氨基和/或羧基基团或于其相似基团的存在,本发明化合物能够形成酸和/或碱盐。
可药用的酸加成盐可以采用无机酸和有机酸形成,例如乙酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、溴化物/氢溴酸盐、碳酸氢盐/碳酸盐、硫酸氢盐/硫酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、氯化物/盐酸盐、chlortheophyllonate、柠檬酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、马尿酸盐、氢碘酸盐/碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、萘甲酸盐、萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、十八酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐/磷酸二氢盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和三氟乙酸盐。
用于盐衍生的无机酸包括例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等。
用于盐衍生的有机酸包括例如乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、草酸、马来酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、甲苯磺酸、磺基水杨酸等。可药用的碱加成盐可以用无机碱或有机碱形成。
用于盐衍生的无机碱包括例如铵盐和来自周期表I-XII族的金属。在某些实施方案中,盐可以衍生自钠、钾、铵、钙、镁、铁、银、锌和铜;特别适合的盐包括铵盐、钾盐、钠盐、钙盐和镁盐。
用于盐衍生的有机碱包括例如伯、仲和叔胺、取代的胺(包括天然存在的取代的胺)、环状胺、碱性离子交换树脂等。某些有机胺包括异丙胺、双苄基乙二胺(benzathine)、胆碱酸盐(cholinate)、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、哌嗪和氨丁三醇。
本发明的可药用的盐可以通过常规化学方法由碱性或酸性部分合成。一般而言,此类盐可以通过使这些化合物的游离酸形式与化学计量的适宜的碱(例如Na、Ca、Mg或K的氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐等)反应制备,或者通过使这些化合物的游离碱形式与化学计量的适宜的酸反应来制备。此类反应通常在水中或在有机溶剂中或在两者的混合物中进行。一般而言,如果可行,使用非水性介质如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈是合乎需要的。其它适合的盐的列表可见于例如“Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(雷明顿药物科学)”,第20版,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,(1985)以及Stahl和Wermuth的“Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection,and Use(药用盐手册:性质、选择和用途)”(Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,德国,2002)。
脂质组合物
本发明提供了包含至少一种式(I)的化合物的脂质组合物,即本发明的脂质组合物。在一个实施方案中,存在至少一种其它脂质组分。这样的组合物还可以含有生物活性剂,任选地还有一种或多种其它脂质组分。
本发明的一个实施方案提供了包含式(I)的化合物和另外的脂质组分的脂质组合物。所述其它脂质组分包括但不限于阳离子脂质、中性脂质、阴离子脂质、辅助脂质和隐形脂质。
适用于本发明的脂质组合物的阳离子脂质包括但不限于N,N-二油基-N,N-二甲基氯化铵(DODAC)、N,N-二硬脂基-N,N-二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)、N-(1-(2,3-二油酰基氧基)丙基)-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(DOTAP)、1,2-二油酰基-3-二甲基铵-丙烷(DODAP)、N-(1-(2,3-二油基氧基)丙基)-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(DOTMA),1,2-二油酰基氨甲酰基-3-二甲基铵-丙烷(DOCDAP)、1,2-二亚油酰基-3-二甲基铵-丙烷(DLINDAP)、二月桂基(C12:0)三甲基铵丙烷(DLTAP)、双十八烷基酰胺基甘氨酰基精胺(DOGS)、DC-Chol、二油酰基氧基-N-[2-精胺甲酰胺基)乙基}-N,N-二甲基-1-丙铵三氟乙酸盐(DOSPA)、1,2-二豆蔻基氧基丙基-3-二甲基-羟基乙基溴化铵(DMRIE)、3-二甲基氨基-2-(胆甾-5-烯-3-β-氧基丁-4-氧基)-1-(顺式,顺式-9,12-十八碳二烯氧基)丙烷(CLinDMA)、N,N-二甲基-2,3-二油基氧基)丙基胺(DODMA)、2-[5’-(胆甾-5-烯-3[β]-氧基)-3’-氧杂戊氧基)-3-二甲基-1-(顺式,顺式-9’,12’-十八碳二烯氧基)丙烷(CpLinDMA)和N,N-二甲基-3,4-二油基氧基苄基胺(DMOBA)和1,2-N,N’-二油基氨甲酰基-3-二甲基氨基丙烷(DOcarbDAP)。在一个实施方案中,所述阳离子脂质为DOTAP或DLTAP。
适用于本发明的脂质组合物的中性脂质包括例如各种中性的、不带电荷的或两性离子脂质。适用于本发明的中性磷脂的示例包括但不限于:5-十七烷基苯-1,3-二醇(间苯二酚)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、磷酸胆碱(DOPC)、二豆蔻酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC)、磷脂酰胆碱(PLPC)、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱(DAPC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、卵磷脂酰胆碱(EPC)、二月桂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DLPC)、二豆蔻酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC)、1-豆蔻酰基-2-棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(MPPC)、1-棕榈酰基-2-豆蔻酰基磷脂酰胆碱(PMPC)、1-棕榈酰基-2-硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(PSPC)、1,2-二花生四烯酰基(diarachidoyl)-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱(DBPC)、1-硬脂酰基-2-棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(SPPC)、1,2-双二十碳烯酰基(dieicosenoyl)-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱(DEPC)、棕榈酰基油酰基磷脂酰胆碱(POPC)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、二油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DOPE)、二亚油酰基磷脂酰胆碱二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)、二豆蔻酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DMPE)、二棕榈酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)、棕榈酰基油酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(POPE)、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺以及它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,中性磷脂选自二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)和二豆蔻酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DMPE)。
适用于本发明的阴离子脂质包括但不限于磷脂酰甘油、心磷脂、二酰基磷脂酰丝氨酸、二酰基磷脂酸、N-十二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺、N-琥珀酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺、N-戊二酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺胆固醇半琥珀酸酯(CHEMS)和赖氨酰基磷脂酰甘油。
适当的中性和阴离子脂质还包括描述于US 2009/0048197中的那些。
辅助脂质是能够将转染(例如包括生物活性剂的纳米颗粒的转染)提高至一定程度的脂质。辅助脂质提高转染的机制可能包括例如提高粒子的稳定性和/或改善膜的融合性(fusogenicity)。辅助脂质包括甾体类和烷基间苯二酚类。适用于本发明的辅助脂质包括但不限于胆固醇、5-十七烷基间苯二酚和胆固醇半琥珀酸酯。
隐形脂质是能够增加纳米颗粒在体内(例如在血液中)存在的时间长度的脂质。适用于本发明的脂质组合物的隐形脂质包括但不限于具有与脂质部分连接的亲水性头基的隐形脂质。此类隐形脂质的示例包括如WO2011/076807中描述的式(XI)化合物
或其盐或可药用衍生物,
其中:
[Z]n是亲水性聚合物基团,其选自PEG(聚(环氧乙烷))或基于聚(噁唑啉)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(丙三醇)、聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚[N-(2-羟基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺]、多糖和聚(氨基酸)的聚合物或上述任一项的组合,其中所述聚合物可以是直链或支链的,且其中Z各自独立地任选被取代;
其中Z为n个亚基的聚合;
n为数均聚合度,为10-200个Z单元,其中n为对不同聚合物类型的优化;
L1为任选取代的C1-10亚烷基或C1-10杂亚烷基连接基,其包含0、1、2或多个醚(例如-O-)、酯(例如-C(O)O-)、琥珀酸酯(例如-O(O)C-CH2-CH2-C(O)O-))、氨基甲酸酯(例如-OC(O)-NR’-)、碳酸酯(例如-OC(O)O-)、酮(例如-C-C(O)-C-)、羰基(例如-C(O)-)、脲(例如-NRC(O)NR’-)、胺(例如-NR’-)、酰胺(例如-C(O)NR’-)、亚胺(例如-C(NR’)-)、硫醚(例如-S-)、黄原酸酯(例如-OC(S)s-)和磷酸二酯(例如-OP(O)2O-);其任何一种可以被0、1或多个Z基团取代;
其中R’独立选自-H、–NH-、-NH2、-O-、-S-、磷酸酯或任选取代的C1-10亚烷基;
X1和X2独立选自碳或杂原子,所述杂原子选自-NH-、-O-、-S-或磷酸酯;
A1和A2独立选自C6-30烷基、C6-30链烯基和C6-30炔基,其中A1和A2可以是相同或不同的,
或者其中A1和A2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成任选取代的甾体。
具体的隐形脂质包括但不限于表1中所示。
表1.隐形脂质
适用于本发明的脂质组合物的其它隐形脂质和此类脂质的生化信息可以参见Romberg等,Pharmaceutical Research,第25卷,第1期,2008,第55-71页和Hoekstra等,Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1660(2004)41-52。
在一个实施方案中,适当的隐形脂质含有选自下列的基团:PEG(有时被称为聚(环氧乙烷)和基于聚(噁唑啉)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(丙三醇)、聚(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚氨基酸和聚[N-(2-羟基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺]的聚合物。其它适当的PEG脂质公开于例如WO 2006/007712。
具体的适当的隐形脂质包括聚乙二醇-二酰基甘油或聚乙二醇-二酰基咪唑二酰胺(diacylglycamide)(PEG-DAG)缀合物,包括那些含有二烷基甘油或二烷基咪唑二酰胺(dialkylglycamide)基团的缀合物,其烷基链长度独立含有约C4至约C40饱和的或不饱和的碳原子。二烷基甘油或二烷基咪唑二酰胺还可以含有一或多个取代的烷基。在本文所述的任何实施方案中,PEG缀合物可以选自PEG-二月桂基甘油、PEG-二豆蔻基甘油(PEG-DMG)(目录号GM-020,源自NOF,东京,日本)、PEG-二棕榈酰基甘油、PEG-二甾醇基甘油、PEG-二月桂基咪唑二酰胺、PEG-二豆蔻基咪唑二酰胺、PEG-二棕榈酰基咪唑二酰胺和PEG-二甾醇基咪唑二酰胺、PEG-胆固醇(1-[8’-(胆甾-5-烯-3[β]-氧基)甲酰胺基-3’,6’-二氧杂辛基]氨基甲酰基-[Ω]-甲基-聚(乙二醇)、PEG-DMB(3,4-双十四烷基(tetradecoxyl)苄基-[Ω]-甲基-聚(乙二醇)醚)、1,2-二豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基(聚乙二醇)-2000](目录号880150P源自Avanti Polar lipids,Alabaster,Alabama,USA)。
在一个实施方案中,隐形脂质为S010、S024、S027、S031或S033。
在另一个实施方案中,隐形脂质为S024。
除非另有说明,本文中使用的术语“PEG”是指任何聚乙二醇或其它聚亚烷基醚聚合物。在一个实施方案中,PEG为乙二醇或环氧乙烷的任选取代的直链或支链聚合物。在一个实施方案中,PEG为未取代的。在一个实施方案中,PEG为取代的,例如被一或多个烷基、烷氧基、酰基、羟基或芳基取代。在一个实施方案中,该术语包括PEG共聚合物,例如PEG-聚氨酯或PEG-聚丙烯(参见例如J.Milton Harris,poly(glycol)chemistry:biotechnical andbiomedical applications(1992));在另一个实施方案中,该术语不包括PEG共聚物。在一个实施方案中,PEG的分子量为约130至约50,000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约30,000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约20,000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约15,000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约10,000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约6000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约5000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约4000,在一个子实施方案中为约150至约3000,在一个子实施方案中为约300至约3000,在一个子实施方案中为约1000至约3000,在一个子实施方案中为约1500至约2500。
在某些实施方案中,PEG为“PEG-2K”,也称为“PEG 2000”,其平均分子量为约2000道尔顿。PEG-2K在本文中由下面式(XIIa)表示,其中n为45,也就是说,数均聚合度包括约45个亚基。然而,也可以采用本领域中已知的其它PEG实施方案,包括例如其中数均聚合度含有约23个亚基(n=23)和/或68个亚基(n=68)的那些。
本发明的脂质组合物也可以包含一或多种生物活性剂、包括但不限于抗体(例如单克隆的、嵌合的、人源化的纳米抗体及其片段等)、胆固醇、激素、肽、蛋白质、化疗剂和其它类型的抗肿瘤药物、低分子量药物、维生素、辅助因子、核苷、核苷酸、寡核苷酸、酶的核酸、反义核酸、三链形成寡核苷酸、反义DNA或RNA的组合物、嵌合的DNA:RNA的组合物、异型酶、适体、核酶、诱饵及其类似物、质粒和其它类型的表达载体以及小核酸分子、RNAi剂、短干扰核酸(siNA)、信使核糖核酸(信使RNA,mRNA)、短干扰RNA(siRNA)、双链RNA(dsRNA)、微-RNA(miRNA)、短发夹RNA(shRNA)、分子肽核酸(PNA)、锁核酸核糖核苷酸(LNA)、吗啉代核苷酸、苏糖核酸(TNA)、乙二醇核酸(GNA)、sisiRNA(小内部分段干扰RNA)、aiRNA(不对称干扰RNA)和具有1、2个或多个有义和反义链之间错配到相关细胞和/或组织的siRNA,如在细胞培养、个体或有机体中错配。此类化合物可以是纯化的或部分纯化的,可以是天然存在的或合成的,可以是化学修饰的。在一个实施方案中,生物活性剂为RNAi成分、短干扰核酸(siNA)、短干扰RNA(siRNA)、双链RNA(dsRNA)、微-RNA(miRNA)或短发夹RNA(shRNA)分子。
在一个实施方案中,生物活性剂为RNAi活性剂,用于介导RNA干扰(RNAi)。
在另一个实施方案中,生物活性剂为mRNA。mRNA分子通常具有能够被本发明脂质纳米颗粒包封的大小。而mRNA分子的大小实质上取决于编码特定蛋白质的mRNA种类的身份,mRNA分子的平均大小是500-10,000个碱基的平均mRNA大小。
在一些实施方案中,生物学活性剂是编码免疫原的RNA。所述编码免疫原的RNA可以是自我复制RNA。
在一些实施方案中,生物学活性剂是DNA。所述DNA分子应当具有能包封在本发明的脂质纳米颗粒中的大小。这些较短形式的DNA中的一些可以具有有用地编码蛋白质的大小。这些第二种,较短,有用的DNA形式的实例包括质粒和其他载体。更详细的描述参见,Alberts B等人(2007)Molecular Biology of the Cell,第五版,Garland Science。
在本领域中有可利用的将生物活性剂加载到脂质组合物(例如脂质体和脂质纳米颗粒)中的各种方法,包括被动和主动加载方法。使用的精确方法可以基于多种因素进行选择,包括但不限于例如待加载的生物活性剂、加载后使用的储存方法、获得的粒子的大小以及计划的剂量方案。方法包括例如:将药物和脂质机械混合,在脂质体形成或重构时,将所有成分溶于有机溶剂,将它们浓缩为干膜,形成pH或离子梯度,使得活性成分进入脂质体的内部,产生跨膜电位和离子载体介导的加载。参见,例如,PCT公开号WO 95/08986、美国专利号5,837,282、美国专利号5,837,282和美国专利号7,811,602。
“脂质纳米颗粒”是指含有多个(即多于一个)脂质分子的颗粒,所述脂质分子通过分子间力彼此物理结合。脂质纳米颗粒可以是例如微球(包括单层和多层囊泡,例如脂质体)、乳剂中的分散相、混悬液中的胶束或内相。
脂质纳米颗粒的大小为约1至约2,500nm,约1至约1,500nm,约1至约1,000nm,在一个子实施方案中为约50至约600nm,在一个子实施方案中为约50至约400nm,在一个子实施方案中为约50至约250nm,在一个子实施方案中为约50至约150nm。除非另有说明,本文中所述的所有大小是完整成形的纳米颗粒的平均大小(直径),通过Malvern Zetasizer的动态光散射测定。将纳米颗粒样品在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中稀释至计数率为约200-400kcts。该数据表示为强度测定的加权平均值。
本发明的一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物和其它脂质成分。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其包含式(I)化合物和辅助脂质例如胆固醇。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其包含式(I)化合物、辅助脂质例如胆固醇和中性脂质例如DSPC。本发明的另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其包含式(I)的化合物、辅助脂质例如胆固醇、中性脂质例如DSPC和隐形脂质例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033。本发明的另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其包含式(I)的化合物、辅助脂质例如胆固醇、中性脂质例如DSPC、隐形脂质例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033和生物学活性剂、例如RNA或DNA。本发明的另一个实施方案提供了脂质纳米颗粒,其包含式(I)的化合物、辅助脂质例如胆固醇、中性脂质例如DSPC和隐形脂质例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033,以及生物学活性剂、例如mRNA、siRNA或DNA。
本发明的实施方案还提供了根据配制物中脂质组分的各自的摩尔比描述的脂质组合物,其中斜线(“/”)表示本文中提供的各个组分。
本发明的另一个实施方案为脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物和辅助脂质(例如胆固醇),其中脂质摩尔比为55-40式(I)化合物/55-40辅助脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)和中性脂质(例如DPSC),其中脂质摩尔比为55-40式(I)化合物/55-40辅助脂质/15-5中性脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)、中性脂质(例如DPSC)和隐形脂质(例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033),其中脂质摩尔比为55-40式(I)化合物/55-40辅助脂质/15-5中性脂质/10-1隐形脂质。
本发明的另一个实施方案为脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物和辅助脂质(例如胆固醇),其中脂质摩尔比为50-40式(I)化合物/50-40辅助脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)和中性脂质(例如DPSC),其中脂质摩尔比为50-40式(I)化合物/50-40辅助脂质/15-5中性脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)、中性脂质(例如DPSC)和隐形脂质(例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033),其中脂质摩尔比为50-40式(I)化合物/50-40辅助脂质/15-5中性脂质/5-1隐形脂质。
本发明的另一个实施方案为脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物和辅助脂质(例如胆固醇),其中脂质摩尔比为47-43式(I)化合物/47-43辅助脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)和中性脂质(例如DPSC),其中脂质摩尔比为47-43式(I)化合物/47-43辅助脂质/12-7中性脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)、中性脂质(例如DPSC)和隐形脂质(例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033),其中脂质摩尔比为47-43式(I)化合物/47-43辅助脂质/12-7中性脂质/4-1隐形脂质。
本发明的另一个实施方案为脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物和辅助脂质(例如胆固醇),其中脂质摩尔比为约45式(I)化合物/约44辅助脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)和中性脂质(例如DPSC),其中脂质摩尔比为约45式(I)化合物/约44辅助脂质/约9中性脂质。另一个实施方案提供了脂质组合物,其含有式(I)化合物、辅助脂质(例如胆固醇)、中性脂质(例如DPSC)和隐形脂质(例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033),其中脂质摩尔比为约45式(I)化合物/约44辅助脂质/约9中性脂质/约2隐形脂质(例如S010、S024、S027、S031或S033)。
用于上述脂质组合物的优选的式(I)的化合物在实施例1-36中给出。特别优选的化合物在实施例1和80中给出。优选的生物学活性剂是RNA’s和DNA’s。
本发明的脂质组合物还可以由本领域技术人员通过将具有需要的pKa范围的阳离子脂质,隐形脂质、辅助脂质和中性脂质在配制物中组合而进一步优化,所述配制物包括例如脂质体配制物、脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)配制物等,用于在体内递送至特定的细胞和组织。在一个实施方案中,进一步优化可以通过调节这些各种类型的脂质的脂质摩尔比而完成。在一个实施方案中,进一步优化可以通过调节下列一或多种因素而完成:需要的粒子大小、N/P比例、配制方法和/或给药方案(例如一段时间内施用的剂量数目、准确的剂量mg/kg、施用的时间、与其它治疗方法的组合等)。本领域技术人员已知的与上述实施方案相关的各种优化技术应当被视为是本发明的一部分。
制备脂质纳米颗粒的一般方法
下面的方法可以用于制备本发明的脂质纳米颗粒。为了使得颗粒的尺寸减小和/或均匀度增加,技术人员可以采用下面所列示的方法步骤,试用不同的组合。另外,技术人员可以采用脂质体配制中使用的超声、过滤或其它分选(sizing)技术。
本发明组合物的制备方法通常包括:提供在第一个容器中的含有生物活性剂的水溶液(例如柠檬酸盐缓冲液),提供含有脂质的有机溶液(例如有机醇,如乙醇)的第二个容器,然后将水溶液与有机脂质溶液混合。第一个容器任选与第二个容器之间以流体连通。所述混合步骤任选随后是温育步骤、过滤或透析步骤以及稀释步骤和/或浓缩步骤。温育步骤包括使得获自混合步骤的溶液于约室温下在容器中静置约0至约100小时(优选约0至约24小时)并任选避光保护。在一个实施方案中,温育步骤后是稀释步骤。稀释步骤包括采用缓冲水溶液(例如柠檬酸盐缓冲液或纯水)稀释,例如采用泵装置(如蠕动泵)。过滤步骤为超滤或透析。超滤包括浓缩稀释液,随后是渗滤,例如采用适当的泵系统(例如泵装置,如蠕动泵或类似装置)以及超滤膜(例如GE中空纤维滤芯或等同物)。透析包括通过合适的膜(例如10,000mwc蛇皮膜)的溶剂(缓冲剂)交换。
在一个实施方案中,混合步骤提供了澄清的单相。
在一个实施方案中,混合步骤后,除去有机溶剂提供了颗粒的混悬液,其中生物活性剂被脂质包封。
有机溶剂的选择通常包括考虑溶剂的极性以及在颗粒形成的后期该溶剂是否易于除去。有机溶剂也可以用作增溶剂,优选使用的量足以提供生物活性剂和脂质的澄清的单相混合物。有机溶剂可以选自下列一或多种(例如两种):氯仿、二氯甲烷、乙醚、环己烷、环戊烷、苯、甲苯、甲醇和其它脂肪醇类(例如C1-C8),例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、叔-丁醇、异丁醇、戊醇和己醇。
混合步骤可以通过多方法进行,例如通过机械设备,如涡旋混合器。
用于除去有机溶剂的方法通常包括渗滤(diafilitration)或透析或减压蒸发或者吹入惰性气体流(例如氮气或氩气)穿过混合物。
在其它实施方案中,该方法该包括加入非脂质聚合阳离子,其可以用于促进使用本发明组合物对细胞的转化。适当的非脂质聚合阳离子包括但不限于海美溴铵(hexadimethrine bromide)(销售商品名POLYBRENE(R),源自Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee,Wis.,USA)或海地美胺的其它盐。其它适当的聚合阳离子包括例如聚-L-鸟氨酸、聚-L-精氨酸、聚-L-赖氨酸、聚-D-赖氨酸、聚烯丙基胺和聚乙烯亚胺的盐。
在某些实施方案中,脂质纳米颗粒的形成可以在单相系统(例如Bligh和Dyer单相或水溶液和有机溶剂的类似混合物)或两相系统中通过适当的混合进行。
脂质纳米颗粒可以在单相或两相系统中形成。在单相系统中,阳离子脂质和生物活性剂各自溶于大量的单相混合物中。将两种溶液混合可以获得单一混合物,其中形成复合体。在两相系统中,阳离子脂质与生物活性剂(存在于水相中)结合,将其“拉”入有机相。
在一个实施方案中,脂质纳米颗粒通过包括下列步骤的方法制备:(a)使得生物活性剂与包含非阳离子脂质和去垢剂的溶液接触,形成化合物-脂质混合物;(b)使得阳离子脂质与化合物-脂质混合物接触以中和生物活性剂的部分负电荷,形成生物活性剂和脂质的电荷被中和的混合物;和(c)自电荷被中和的混合物除去除垢剂。
在一组实施方案中,中性脂质和去垢剂的溶液为水溶液。使得生物活性剂与中性脂质和去垢剂的溶液接触通常可以通过将生物活性剂的第一种溶液与脂质和去垢剂的第二种溶液一起混合而完成。优选生物活性剂溶液也是去垢剂溶液。本方法中使用的中性脂质的量通常根据使用的阳离子脂质的量确定,一般为约0.2-5倍的阳离子脂质的量,优选约0.5至约2倍的使用的阳离子脂质的量。
将如此形成的生物活性剂-脂质混合物与阳离子脂质接触以中和存在的相关分子(或者其它聚阴离子材料)携带的部分负电荷。使用的阳离子脂质的量通常比计算的负电荷(磷酸盐)的摩尔比高3-8倍。
用于除去去垢剂的方法通常包括渗析。当有机溶剂存在时,除去通常可以通过减压下的渗滤或蒸发,或者吹入惰性气体流(例如氮气或氩气)穿过混合物。
本文公开了制备本发明组合物的装置。该装置通常包括用于盛放含有生物活性剂水溶液的第一个容器以及用于盛放有机脂质溶液的第二个容器。该装置还通常包括装配的机械泵,用于将水溶液和有机脂质溶液以基本上相同的流速泵入混合区或混合室。在一个实施方案中,混合区或混合室包含T形连接器或其等同物,它使得水液流和有机液流在输入T形连接器时混合,获得的混合的水溶液和有机溶液自T形连接器输出进入收集容器或其等同物。
递送生物活性剂和治疗疾病的方法
式(I)的阳离子脂质及其脂质组合物可以用于药用组合物或配制物,用于递送生物活性剂。因此,含有式(I)的阳离子脂质或其脂质组合物的配制物可以是各种形式,包括但不限于颗粒形成递送剂(particle forming delivery agents),包括微粒、纳米颗粒和转染剂,它们用于将各种分子递送至细胞。特定的配制物可以有效地转染或递送生物活性剂,例如抗体(例如单克隆的、嵌合的、人源化的纳米抗体及其片段等)、胆固醇、激素、肽、蛋白质、化疗剂和其它类型的抗肿瘤药物、低分子量药物、维生素、辅助因子、核苷、核苷酸、寡核苷酸、多核苷酸(例如RNA或DNA)、酶的核酸、反义核酸、三链形成寡核苷酸、反义DNA或RNA的组合物、嵌合的DNA:RNA的组合物、异型酶、适体、核酶、诱饵及其类似物、质粒和其它类型的表达载体以及小核酸分子、mRNA、RNAi剂、短干扰核酸(siNA)、短干扰RNA(siRNA)、双链RNA(dsRNA)、微-RNA(miRNA)、短发夹RNA(shRNA)、分子肽核酸(PNA)、锁核酸核糖核苷酸(LNA)、吗啉代核苷酸、苏糖核酸(TNA)、乙二醇核酸(GNA)、sisiRNA(小内部分段干扰RNA)、aiRNA(不对称干扰RNA)和具有1、2个或多个有义和反义链之间错配到相关细胞和/或组织的siRNA,例如在细胞培养、个体或有机体中错配。上述生物活性剂仅是典型示例,并非是加以限定。此类化合物可以纯化或者部分纯化,可以是天然存在的或合成,可以是化学修饰的。
此类含有生物活性剂的配制物可以用于例如提供组合物以预防、抑制或治疗细胞、患者或有机体中的疾病、病症或症状(traits)。所述疾病、病症或症状包括但不限于增生性疾病,包括癌症、炎性疾病、移植和/或组织排斥、自身免疫性疾病或病症、与年龄相关的疾病、神经或神经变性疾病、呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病、眼部疾病、代谢疾病、皮肤病、听觉疾病、肝脏疾病、肾脏或肾功能疾病等。
每次施用活性成分的量高于最小治疗量但低于中毒量。每次施用的实际量可以由医师根据多种因素而确定,例如患者的病史、其它治疗方法的使用、提供的生物活性剂以及疾病的性质。施用的生物活性剂的量可以在治疗期间调整,取决于患者对治疗的响应以及任何与治疗有关的副作用的存在与否或严重程度。由适当的管理机构批准的化合物的典型剂量和治疗方法是本领域技术人员熟知的和可用的。参见,例如,Physician's DeskReference(医师案头手册),第64版,Physician's Desk Reference Inc.(2010);Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(雷明顿药物科学),Mack Publishing Company,Philadelphia,Pa.(1985);Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(雷明顿药学和实践),第21版,Lippincott Williams&Williams Publishers(2005)。
在一个实施方案中,可以向有需要的患者施用单次剂量的生物活性剂。在一个实施方案中,可以施用多剂量,其中多剂量可以同时、顺序或交替施用。在一个实施方案中,相同配制物可以多剂量施用。在一个实施方案中,配制物可以以不同的多剂量施用。在多个实施方案中,所述剂量可以每天施用一次,或者以1、2、3、4或更多连续天施用。在一个实施方案中,所述剂量可以每周施用一次。在一个实施方案中,所述剂量可以每隔一周施用一次。在一个实施方案中,患者接受至少两个疗程的治疗方案,有时可能为更多疗程,这取决于患者对治疗的响应。在单一成分的方案中,治疗的总疗程由患者和医师根据观察到的响应和毒性决定。上述治疗方案应当被视为非限定性示例。其它治疗方案也应当包含在本发明的范围内并取决于预期的治疗效果。
本发明还提供了治疗疾病或病症的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用治疗有效量的本发明的脂质组合物。在一个实施方案中,所述疾病或病症通过施用RNA药物如siRNA或mRNA药物可以治疗。
本发明还提供了本发明的脂质组合物在患者中治疗疾病或病症的方法。在一个实施方案中,所述疾病或病症通过施用siRNA或mRNA药物可以治疗。
在一个实施方案中,施用的组合物中脂质的总量为约5至约30mg脂质/mg生物活性剂(例如mRNA、siRNA、RNA复制子等),在另一个实施方案中,为约5至约25mg脂质/mg生物活性剂(例如mRNA、siRNA、RNA复制子等),在另一个实施方案中,为约7至约25mg脂质/mg生物活性剂(例如mRNA、siRNA、RNA复制子等),在一个实施方案中,为约7至约15mg脂质/mg生物活性剂(例如mRNA、siRNA、RNA复制子等)。
本文中使用的“治疗”包括改善、治愈和预防性治疗。本文中使用的“患者”是指需要治疗的动物,优选哺乳动物,优选人类。
术语“治疗有效量”是指用于治疗或改善目标疾病或病症的本发明化合物和生物活性剂(例如治疗性化合物)的量。
术语“免疫有效量”是指本发明化合物和RNA的量,其能够编码诱发免疫应答所需要的免疫原,所述应答能够识别免疫原(例如在病原体的情况下)。术语“免疫原”是指当被引入机体时能够引发免疫应答的任何物质或生物体。
本文中使用的“增生性疾病”是指任何疾病、病症、症状、基因型或表型,其特征在于本领域中公知的不受调节的细胞生长或复制。在一个实施方案中,所述增生性疾病为癌症。在一个实施方案中,所述增生性疾病为肿瘤。在一个实施方案中,所述增生性疾病包括但不限于例如液体肿瘤,如白血病,例如急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性髓细胞性白血病(CML)、急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)、多发性骨髓瘤和慢性淋巴细胞白血病;实体瘤,例如AIDS相关癌症,如卡波济氏肉瘤;乳腺癌、骨癌、脑癌、头颈癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、腺瘤、鳞状细胞癌、喉癌、胆囊癌和胆管癌、视网膜癌、食道癌、胃肠癌、卵巢癌、子宫癌、甲状腺癌、睾丸癌、子宫内膜癌、黑素瘤、结肠直肠癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌、肺癌(包括非小细胞肺癌)、胰腺癌、肉瘤、肾母细胞瘤、子宫颈癌、头颈癌、皮肤癌、鼻咽癌、脂肪肉瘤、上皮癌、肾细胞癌、胆囊腺癌、子宫内膜肉瘤、多重耐药癌症。在一个实施方案中,所述增生性疾病包括与肿瘤血管生成相关的新血管形成、黄斑变性(例如湿/干性年龄相关性黄斑变性)、角膜新血管形成、糖尿病性视网膜病变、新生血管性青光眼、近视变性。在一个实施方案中,所述增生性疾病包括再狭窄和多囊肾病。
本文中使用的“自身免疫性疾病”是指任何疾病、病症、症状、基因型或表型,其特征在于本领域已知的自身免疫性。自身免疫性疾病包括但不限于例如多发性硬化、糖尿病、狼疮、硬皮、纤维肌痛、移植排斥(例如预防同种异体移植物排斥)、恶性贫血、类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、皮肌炎、重症肌无力、红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症和格雷病(Grave’sdiseases)。
“传染病”是指与感染原(如病毒、细菌、真菌、朊病毒或寄生虫)相关的任何疾病、障碍或病症。本发明可以用于免疫对抗导致感染性疾病的病原体。此类病原体在下面列出。
“神经性疾病”是指影响中枢或外周神经系统的任何疾病、病症或病状。神经性疾病包括但不限于外周或中枢神经系统的疾病或病症,包括例如阿尔茨海默氏病、动脉瘤、脑损伤、腕管综合征、脑动脉瘤、慢性疼痛、克雅氏病、癫痫、亨廷顿氏病、脑膜炎、癫痫症和其它神经性疾病、病症和综合征。
“呼吸系统疾病”是指影响呼吸道的任何疾病或病症。呼吸系统疾病包括但不限于例如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、过敏性鼻炎、鼻窦炎、过敏症、呼吸不畅、呼吸窘迫综合征、囊性纤维化、肺动脉高血压或血管收缩和肺气肿。
“心血管疾病”是指影响心脏和血管的疾病或病症。心血管疾病包括但不限于例如冠状动脉心脏病(CHD)、脑血管疾病(CVD)、主动脉瓣狭窄、外周血管病、心肌梗死(心脏病发作)、心律不齐、缺血、充血性心脏衰竭。
本文中使用的“眼病”是指眼及相关结构的任何疾病、病症、症状、基因型或表型。眼部疾病包括但不限于例如囊样黄斑水肿、糖尿病性视网膜病、格子样变性、视网膜静脉阻塞、视网膜动脉阻塞、黄斑变性(例如年龄相关的黄斑变性,如湿性AMD或干性AMD)、弓形体病、色素性视网膜炎、结膜裂伤、角膜裂伤、青光眼等。
“代谢性疾病”是指影响代谢途径的任何疾病或病症。代谢性疾病可以导致异常代谢过程,无论是由于遗传酶异常(先天性代谢缺陷)导致的先天性疾病或者由于内分泌器官疾病或重要的代谢器官如肝脏衰竭所导致的获得性疾病。在一个实施方案中,代谢疾病包括肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病(例如I型和/或II型糖尿病)。
“皮肤病”是指皮肤、真皮或其中的任何亚结构(例如头发、毛囊等)的任何疾病或病症。皮肤病学的疾病、病症或症状可以包括牛皮癣、异位性皮炎、皮肤癌如黑色素瘤和基底细胞癌、脱发、脱毛和色素沉着改变。
“听觉病”是指听觉系统的任何疾病或病症,包括耳如内耳、中耳、外耳、听神经和其中的任何子结构。听觉疾病、病症、状况和症状包括听力丧失、耳聋、耳鸣、眩晕、平衡和运动失调。
“再生疾病”是指其中在损伤之前或之后体内或体外细胞或组织生成或再生不足妨碍了适当器官功能的建立或恢复、妨碍或减缓伤口愈合或溃疡性病损的消除、加速老化或妨碍有效的基于细胞的治疗的任何疾病或病症。术语“信使核糖核酸”(信使RNA,mRNA)是指介导遗传信息传递到细胞质中核糖体的核糖核酸(RNA)分子,其作用为蛋白质合成的模板。其在转录过程中由DNA模板合成。参见The AmericanDictionary of theEnglish Language,第4版(2009更新)。Houghton Mifflin Company。
质粒是与细胞内的染色体DNA物理分离且可独立复制的小DNA分子。质粒大小可以从1到超过25千碱基对。重组质粒可重组制成其可以包封在本发明的脂质纳米颗粒中的尺寸。
载体是用作人工将遗传物质从一个细胞或从体外生物化学反应携带至另一个细胞中的媒介物的DNA分子,其中DNA可被复制和/或表达。含有外来DNA的载体称为重组体。有用的载体的种类有质粒和病毒载体。
病毒载体通常是携带已经变为非感染性的、但仍包含病毒启动子和转基因的经修饰的病毒DNA或RNA的重组病毒,从而允许通过病毒启动子翻译转基因。病毒载体可被重组制成具有可以包封在本发明的脂质纳米颗粒中的尺寸。
本文所用的术语“短干扰核酸”(siNA)是指能够通过以序列特异性方式介导RNA干扰(RNAi)或基因沉默而抑制或向下调节基因表达或病毒复制的任何核酸分子。它包括短干扰RNA(siRNA)、微RNA(miRNA)、短干扰寡核苷酸和化学修饰的短干扰核酸分子。siRNA负责RNA干扰,这是在动物和植物的序列特异性转录后基因沉默的过程。通过对沉默基因靶的同源的或特定的更长的双链RNA(dsRNA)的核糖核酸酶III切割产生siRNA。
术语“RNA干扰”(RNAi)技术是转录后、靶向的基因沉默技术,其使用RNAi剂降解含有与RNAi剂相同或非常相似序列的信使RNA(mRNA)。参见:Zamore和Haley,2005,Science,309,1519-1524;Zamore等,2000,Cell,101,25-33;Elbashir等,2001,Nature,411,494-498;和Kreutzer等,PCT公开WO 00/44895;Fire,PCT公开WO 99/32619;Mello和Fire,PCT公开WO 01/29058等。
本文中使用的RNAi与其它用于描述序列特异性RNA干扰的术语相同,例如转录后基因沉默、翻译抑制、转录抑制或表观遗传。例如,含有本发明脂质的配制物可以与siNA分子组合使用,同时在转录后水平和/或转录前水平在表观遗传学上沉默基因。在一个非限制性的示例中,通过siNA分子调节的基因表达可以通过RISC或者选择如本领域中已知的的翻译抑制导致siNA介导的RNA(编码或非编码RNA)的裂解。在另一个实施方案中,通过siNA调节的基因表达可以导致转录抑制,例如Janowski等,2005,Nature Chemical Biology,1,216-222所报道。
术语“RNAi抑制剂”是可以在细胞或患者中向下调节(例如降低或抑制)RNA干扰的功能或活性的任何分子。通过与RNAi通路的任何成分的相互作用或干扰其功能,RNAi抑制剂可以下调、降低或抑制RNAi(例如RNAi介导的靶多核苷酸裂解、翻译抑制或转录沉默),所述任何成分包括蛋白质成分(例如RISC)或核酸成分(例如miRNA或siRNA)。RNAi抑制剂可以是siNA分子、反义分子、适体或小分子,它们可以与细胞或患者中RNAi通路的RISC、miRNA或siRNA或任何其它成分相互作用或干扰其功能。通过抑制RNAi(例如RNAi介导的靶多核苷酸裂解、翻译抑制或转录沉默),RNAi抑制剂可以用于调节(例如上调或下调)靶基因的表达。在一个实施方案中,通过翻译抑制、转录沉默或RISC介导的多核苷酸(例如mRNA)裂解而干扰(例如降低或防止)基因表达的内源性下调或抑制,RNA抑制剂可以用于上调基因表达。因此,通过干扰基因表达的内源性抑制、沉默或抑制机制,本发明的RNAi抑制剂可以用于上调基因表达,用于治疗功能缺失导致的疾病或病症。在本文的各个实施方案中,术语“RNAi抑制剂”可以与术语“siNA”相互交换使用。
本文中使用的术语“酶性核酸”是指在底物结合域中其能够与特定的靶基因具有互补性的核酸分子,其还具有酶活性,作用是特异性地裂解靶RNA,从而使得靶RNA分子失活。互补性域能够使得酶性核酸分子充分地杂交到靶RNA上,因此使其裂解。优选100%互补,但是互补性低至50-75%也可以用于本发明(参见,例如,Werner和Uhlenbeck,1995,Nucleic Acids Research,23,2092-2096;Hammann等,1999,Antisense and NucleicAcids Drug Dev.,9,25-31)。核酸可以在碱、糖和/或磷酸酯基团上进行修饰。术语酶性核酸可以与下列短语互换使用:例如核酶、催化性RNA、酶性RNA、催化性DNA、适配酶或适体结合核酶、可调节性核酶、催化性寡核苷酸、核酶(nucleozyme)、DNA酶、RNA酶、内切核糖核酸酶、核酸内切酶、小核酶(minizyme)、先导酶(leadzyme)、寡酶(oligozyme)或DNA酶。所有这些术语描述了具有酶活性的核酸分子。酶性核酸分子的关键特性是其具有能够与一或多个靶核酸域互补的特异性底物结合部位,其具有位于所述底物结合域中或者环绕该域的核苷酸序列,其能够使得核酸裂解和/或具有与所述分子连接的活性(参见,例如,Cech等,美国专利4,987,071;Cech等,1988,260 JAMA 3030)。本发明的核酶和酶性核酸分子可以是化学修饰的,例如如本领域中和本文中其它部分所述。
本文中使用的术语“反义核酸”是指非酶性核酸分子,其能够通过RNA-RNA或RNA-DNA或RNA-PNA(蛋白质核酸;Egholm等,1993 Nature 365,566)相互作用与靶RNA结合,从而改变了靶RNA活性(综述参见Stein和Cheng,1993Science 261,1004;Woolf等,美国专利5,849,902)。反义DNA可以化学合成,或者通过使用单链DNA表达载体或其等同物表达。本发明的反义分子可以是化学修饰的,例如如本领域中所述。
本文中使用的术语“RNase H激活域”是指能够与靶RNA结合形成非共价复合物的核酸分子的域(长度通常大于或等于4-25个核苷酸,优选长度为5-11个核苷酸),其可以被细胞RNase H酶识别(参见,例如,Arrow等,美国专利5,849,902;Arrow等,美国专利5,989,912)。RNase H酶可以与核酸分子-靶RNA复合物结合并裂解靶RNA序列。
本文中使用的术语“2-5A反义嵌合体”是指含有5’-磷酸化的2’-5’-连接的腺苷酸残基的反义寡核苷酸。这些嵌合体与靶RNA以序列特异性的方式结合并激活细胞2-5A-依赖性核糖核酸酶,其随后裂解靶RNA(Torrence等,1993 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90,1300;Silverman等,2000,Methods Enzymol.,313,522-533;Player和Torrence,1998,Pharmacol.Ther.,78,55-113)。2-5A反义嵌合体分子可以是化学修饰的,例如如本领域中所述。
本文中使用的术语“三螺旋形成寡核苷酸”是指能够与双链DNA以序列特异性的方式结合形成三螺旋链的寡核苷酸。此类三螺旋结构的形成已经被证明能够抑制靶基因的转录(Duval-Valentin等,1992Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 89,504;Fox,2000,Curr.Med.Chem.,7,17-37;Praseuth等,2000,Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1489,181-206)。本发明的三螺旋形成寡核苷酸可以是化学修饰的,例如如本领域中所述。
本文中使用的术语“诱饵RNA”是指RNA分子或适配子,其目的旨在优先与预定的配体结合。此类结合可以导致靶分子的抑制或激活。诱饵RNA或适配子可以与天然存在的用于结合特异性配体的结合靶竞争。同样,诱饵RNA目的旨在与受体结合并阻断效应分子的结合,或者目的旨在与相关受体结合并阻止与受体的相互作用。本发明的诱饵分子可以是化学修饰的,例如如本领域中所述。
本文中使用的术语“DNA”(ssDNA)是指含有线性单链的天然存在的或合成的脱氧核糖核酸分子,例如ssDNA可以是有义或反义基因序列或EST(表达的序列标记(ExpressedSequence Tag))。
本文中使用的术语“等位酶”是指变构酶性核酸分子,包括例如美国专利号5,834,186、5,741,679、5,589,332、5,871,914和PCT专利号WO 00/24931、WO 00/26226、WO 98/27104和WO 99/29842。
本文中使用的术语“适配子”是指能够与靶分子特异性结合的多核苷酸组合物,其中所述多核苷酸的序列不同于细胞中靶分子所正常识别的序列。或者,适配子可以是能够与靶分子结合的核酸分子,其中靶分子不会天然地与核酸结合。靶分子可以为任何相关分子。本发明的适配子分子可以是化学修饰的,例如如本领域中所述。
脂质组合物的配制物
对于药物使用而言,本发明的脂质组合物可以通过肠内或肠胃外途径施用,包括静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、经皮、呼吸道(气雾剂)、口服、鼻内、直肠、阴道、颊腔、鼻咽(nasopharangeal)、胃肠道或舌下施用。所述施用可以是全身性或局部性的。局部施用包括例如导管插入、植入、渗透泵、直接注入、真皮/经皮应用、支架、滴耳液/滴眼液或门静脉施用。可以对式(I)化合物的生物制药特性进行评价,例如溶解度和溶液稳定性(一定的pH范围内(across pH))、渗透性等,从而选择治疗建议的适应症的最适当的剂型和施用途径。
本发明的组合物通常但是不是必须作为与一或多种可药用的赋形剂组合的配制物施用。术语“赋形剂”包括除了本发明化合物、其它脂质成分和生物活性剂之外的任何成分。赋形剂可以赋予配制物功能性(例如药物释放速度控制)和/或非功能性(例如加工辅助或稀释)特征。赋形剂的选择在很大程度上取决于下列因素:例如具体的施用方式、赋形剂对溶解度和稳定性的影响以及剂型的性质。
典型的可药用的赋形剂包括:
·稀释剂,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、纤维素和/或甘氨酸;
·润滑剂,例如二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸及其镁盐或钙盐和/或聚乙二醇;
·粘合剂,例如硅酸铝镁、淀粉糊、明胶、黄芪胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;
·崩解剂,例如淀粉、琼脂、海藻酸或其钠盐或泡腾混合物;和/或
·吸收剂、着色剂、矫味剂和/或甜味剂。
赋形剂可以是水溶液载体,其可以任选含有缓冲剂(例如PBS缓冲剂)和/或糖。
可药用的赋形剂的充分讨论可以参见Gennaro,Remington:The Science andPractice of Pharmacy 2000,第20版(ISBN:0683306472)。
本发明的组合物可以口服施用。口服施用可以包括吞咽施用以便于化合物进入胃肠道和/或包括通过颊腔、舌(lingual)或舌下施用从而使得化合物能够自口腔直接进入血液循环。
本发明的组合物可以通过胃肠外施用。本发明的化合物和组合物可以施用直接进入血流、进入皮下组织、进入肌肉或进入内脏器官。适当的施用方式包括静脉内、动脉内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌肉内、滑膜内和皮下。适当的施用器具包括针(包括微针)注射器、无针头注射器和输液装置。
肠胃外配制物通常为水溶液或油溶液。当溶液为水溶液时,赋形剂例如糖类(包括但不限于葡萄糖、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、盐、碳水合物和缓冲剂(优选对于pH 3-9而言),但是对于某些应用而言,它们可以更为适当地配制为无菌的非水溶液或者干燥形式,其可以与适当地载体例如无菌、无热原水(WFI)组合使用。
肠胃外配制物可以包括来源于可降解聚合物的埋植剂,所述聚合物例如聚酯类(例如聚乳酸、聚丙交酯、聚交酯-共-乙交酯、聚己内酯、聚丁酸羟基酯)、聚原酸酯类和聚酐类。这些配制物可以通过手术切口施用至皮下组织、肌肉组织或者直接进入特定的器官。
无菌条件下例如通过冷冻干燥法制备胃肠外配制物可以采用技术人员熟知的标准制药技术完成。
制备胃肠外溶液剂中使用的化合物和组合物的溶解度可以通过使用适当的制剂技术得以增加,所述技术例如组合使用共溶剂和/或增溶剂例如表面活性剂、胶束结构和环糊精。
本发明的组合物可经鼻内或通过吸入施用,通常为干粉吸入器中的干粉形式(单独的形式;作为混合物的形式,例如与乳糖的干燥共混物;或作为混合组分的颗粒,例如与磷脂如磷脂酰胆碱混合)、来自加压容器、泵、喷射器、雾化器(优选使用电流产生细雾的雾化器)或喷雾器的气溶胶喷雾(使用或不使用适当的抛射剂如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷)或作为滴鼻剂。对于鼻内使用而言,所述粉剂可以含有生物粘附剂,例如壳聚糖或环糊精。
加压容器、泵、喷射器、雾化器或喷雾器含有本发明化合物的溶液或混悬液,包含例如乙醇、乙醇水溶液或适当的用于本发明组合物的分散、溶解或延迟释放的替代成分、作为溶剂的抛射剂和任选的表面活性剂,例如脱水山梨醇三油酸酯、油酸或寡聚乳酸。
在使用干粉或混悬液配制物之前,应当将组合物微粉化至适合于吸入递送的大小(通常小于5微米)。这可以通过任何适当的粉碎方法实现,例如螺旋喷射研磨、流化床喷射研磨、形成纳米颗粒的超临界流体加工、高压均化或喷雾干燥。
用于吸入器或吹入器中的胶囊(例如由明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素制备)、泡罩和药筒可以配制成含有本发明化合物或组合物的粉末混合物、适当的粉末基质(如乳糖或淀粉)和性能改良剂(如异亮氨酸、甘露醇或硬脂酸镁)。乳糖可以为无水形式或单水合物形式,优选后者。其它的适当的赋形剂包括葡聚糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、山梨醇、木糖醇、果糖、蔗糖和海藻糖。
用于吸入/鼻腔施用的配制物可以采用例如PGLA制成速释和/或改性释放配制物。改性释放配制物包括延缓、持续、脉冲、受控、靶向和按程序释放。
适合于透皮应用的适当的配制物包含治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或组合物以及载体。有益的载体包括可吸收的药理学上可接受的溶剂以有助于通过宿主的皮肤。典型的透皮装置为绷带形式,它包括被膜、含有化合物以及任选的载体的储库、任选的能够以受控和预定的速度在持续较长的时间内将化合物递送通过宿主皮肤的控速屏障以及将该装置固定的皮肤上的工具。
本发明的脂质组合物可以通过多种方式中的任意一种施用,包括肠胃外、静脉内、全身性、局部、口服、肿瘤内、肌肉内、皮下、腹膜内、吸入或任何此类递送方法。在一个实施方案中,所述组合物可以通过胃肠外施用,即关节内、静脉内、腹膜内、皮下或肌内施用。在一个具体的实施方案中,所述脂质体组合物可以通过静脉内输注或腹膜内推注施用。
本发明的脂质组合物可以配制成适于递送给受试者的药用组合物。本发明的药用组合物通常还可以含有一或多种缓冲剂(例如中性缓冲的生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲的生理盐水)、碳水化合物(例如葡萄糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖或葡聚糖)、甘露醇、蛋白质、多肽或氨基酸例如甘氨酸、抗氧化剂、抑菌剂、螯合剂例如EDTA或谷胱甘肽、辅助剂(例如氢氧化铝)、使得该配制物与接受者血液等渗、低渗或弱高渗的溶质、助悬剂、增稠剂和/或防腐剂。或者,本发明的组合物可以制成冷冻干燥物。
本发明中使用的适当的配制物可以参考例如Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences(雷明顿药物科学),Mack Publishing Company,Philadelphia,Pa.,17.sup.thEd.(1985)。通常,组合物可以包括悬浮于可接受的载体例如水性载体中的脂质纳米颗粒的溶液。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了药用组合物(即配制物),其包含本发明的脂质组合物和可药用的载体或赋形剂。在另一个实施方案中,在脂质组合物中存在至少一种其它脂质成分。在另一个实施方案中,所述脂质组合物为脂质体形式。在另一个实施方案中,所述脂质组合物为脂质纳米颗粒形式。在另一个实施方案中,所述脂质组合物适合于递送至肝脏。在另一个实施方案中,所述脂质组合物适合于递送至肿瘤。在另一个实施方案中,所述脂质组合物适于局部递送应(眼睛、耳朵、皮肤、肺);递送至肌肉(i.m.)、脂肪或皮下细胞(s.c.给药)。在另一个实施方案中,所述生物学活性剂是RNA或DNA。
为了免疫的目的,组合物通常可以制备为可注射的,可以通过注射施用(例如通过肌肉内注射)。
本发明还提供了含有本发明组合物的递送装置(例如注射器、喷雾器、吸入器、皮肤贴剂等)。该装置可以用于将药用组合物施用于个体例如脊椎动物(例如哺乳动物,如人)用于免疫治疗。
本发明靶向的细胞和器官
本发明的化合物、组合物、方法和用途可以用于将生物活性剂递送至患者中的下列一或多种:
肝脏或肝脏细胞(例如肝细胞);
肾脏或肾脏细胞;
肿瘤或肿瘤细胞;
CNS或CNS细胞(中枢神经系统,例如脑和/或脊髓);
PNS或PNS细胞(外周神经系统);
肺或肺细胞;
血管或血管细胞;
皮肤或皮肤细胞(例如真皮细胞和/或滤泡细胞);
眼或眼细胞(例如黄斑、中央凹、角膜、视网膜);和
耳或耳细胞(例如内耳、中耳和/或外耳细胞)。
本发明的化合物、组合物、方法和用途还可以用于将生物活性剂(例如编码免疫原的RNA)递送至免疫系统的细胞。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物、组合物、方法和用途可以将生物活性剂递送至肝脏细胞(例如肝细胞)。在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物、组合物、方法和用途可以将生物活性剂递送至肿瘤或肿瘤细胞(例如原发性肿瘤细胞或转移性肿瘤细胞)。在另一个实施方案中,所述化合物、组合物、方法和用途用于将生物学活性剂递送至皮肤脂肪、肌肉和淋巴结(即sc给药)。
为了将生物活性剂递送至肝脏或肝细胞,在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的肝脏或肝细胞接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接注入、导管插入、支架)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至肾脏或肾细胞,在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的肾脏或肾细胞接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接注入、导管插入、支架)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至肿瘤或肿瘤细胞,在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的肿瘤或肿瘤细胞接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接注入、门静脉注射、导管插入、支架)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至CNS或CNS细胞(例如脑细胞和/或脊髓细胞),在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的CNS或CNS细胞(例如脑细胞和/或脊髓细胞)接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接注入、导管插入、支架、渗透泵施用(例如鞘内或心室))以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至PNS或PNS细胞,在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的PNS或PNS细胞接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接注射)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至肺或肺细胞,在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的肺或肺细胞接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如肺部直接施用于肺组织和细胞)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至血管或血管细胞,在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的血管或血管细胞接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如夹紧、导管插入、支架)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至皮肤或皮肤细胞(如皮肤细胞和/或卵泡细胞),在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的皮肤或皮肤细胞接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接皮肤施用、离子电渗疗法)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至眼或眼细胞(例如黄斑、中央凹、角膜、视网膜),在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的眼或眼细胞(例如黄斑、中央凹、角膜、视网膜)接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接注入、眼内注射、眼周注射、视网膜下注射、离子透入疗法、使用眼药水、埋植剂)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂递送至耳或耳细胞(例如内耳、中耳和/或外耳的细胞),在一个实施方案中,根据本领域中公知的方法,使得本发明的组合物与患者的耳或耳细胞(例如内耳、中耳和/或外耳的细胞)接触,通过例如胃肠外施用(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下施用)或局部施用(例如直接注射)以促进递送。
为了将生物活性剂(例如编码免疫原的RNA)递送至免疫系统细胞(例如抗原呈递细胞,包括转职性抗原呈递细胞),在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物可以通过肌肉注射递送,然后免疫细胞可以渗透到递送部位并处理递送的RNA。此类免疫细胞包括巨噬细胞(例如骨髓来源的巨噬细胞)、树突细胞(例如骨髓来源的浆细胞样树突细胞和/或骨髓来源的骨髓样树突细胞)、单核细胞(例如人末梢血单核细胞)等(例如,参见WO 2012/006372)。
本发明的免疫作用
为了免疫的目的,本发明包括递送能够编码免疫原的RNA。免疫原可以引起能够辨识免疫原的免疫应答,所以可以用于提供对抗病原体或者对抗过敏原或对抗肿瘤抗原的免疫力。优选对抗由病原体导致的疾病和/或感染的免疫。
RNA可以通过本发明的脂质组合物(例如配制为脂质体或LNP)递送。本发明通常使用其中包封编码免疫原的RNA的脂质体。脂质体中的包封可以保护RNA避免被核糖核酸酶消化。封装效率不必须是100%。存在外部RNA分子(例如在脂质体外表面)或“裸”RNA分子(与脂质体无关的RNA分子)是可接受的。优选地,对于包含脂质体群和RNA分子群的组合物,RNA分子群的至少一半(例如、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、或至少95%的RNA分子)被包封在脂质体中。
RNA分子也可能与LNP复合。例如,脂质不必仅形成脂质体(具有水性核心)。一些脂质纳米颗粒可以包含脂质核心(例如,该组合物可包含脂质体和具有脂质核心的纳米颗粒的混合物)。在这种情况下,RNA分子可以被具有水性核心的LNP包封,并且通过非共价相互作用(例如,带负电荷的RNA和阳离子脂质之间的离子相互作用)与具有脂质核心的LNP复合。LNP包封和与LNP的复合可以保护RNA免受核糖核酸酶的消化。包封/复合效率不必须是100%。存在“裸”RNA分子(与脂质体无关的RNA分子)是可接受的。优选地,对于包含LNP群和RNA分子群的组合物,RNA分子群的至少一半(例如,至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%、至少85%、至少90%,或至少95%的RNA分子)被包封在LNP中,或与LNP复合。
脂质体和LNP
脂质体通常分为三组:多层脂质体(MLV);小单层脂质体(SUV);和大单层脂质体(LUV)。MLV在每个脂囊中具有多个双层,形成若干分开的水性隔室。SUV和LUV具有包封水性核心的单个双层;SUV通常具有<50nm的直径,且LUV具有>50nm的直径。对于编码免疫原的RNA的递送,优选的直径范围在60-180nm的范围内,更优选在80-160nm的范围内。
脂质组合物也可以是LNP。组合物可以包含具有水性核心的纳米颗粒和具有脂质核心的纳米颗粒的混合物。对于编码免疫原的RNA的递送,优选的直径范围在60-180nm的范围内,更优选在80-160nm的范围内。
脂质体或LNP可以是包含脂质体或LNP群的组合物的一部分,且群内的脂质体或LNP可以具有一定范围的直径。对于包含具有不同直径的脂质体或LNP群的组合物,优选(i)以数量计至少80%的脂质体或LNP具有在60-180nm范围内的直径,优选在80-160nm的范围内,(ii)群的平均直径(通过强度例如Z平均值)理想地在60-180nm的范围内,优选在80-160nm的范围内;和/或(iii)大多数(the plurality)的直径具有<0.2的多分散性指数。
为了获得具有所需直径的脂质体或LNP,可以使用其中将RNA水溶液的两个进料流在单个混合区中与一个乙醇脂质溶液流(全部以相同的流速,例如在微流体通道中)合并的方法进行混合。
用于形成免疫用途的脂质组合物(例如,脂质体或LNP)的有用的脂质混合物包括:式(I)的脂质;胆固醇;和聚乙二醇化脂质,如PEG-DMG,即PEG缀合的1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基(聚乙二醇))。该混合物还可以包括中性两性离子脂质,如DSPC(1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱)或DPyPE。这些(和其他)混合物用于实施例中。
RNA分子
体内施用免疫组合物后,所递送的RNA被释放并翻译到细胞内以在原位提供免疫原。在一些实施方案中,RNA为正(“+”)链(plus stranded),所以其可以被细胞翻译而无需任何中间复制步骤(intervening replication steps),例如逆转录。其也可以与免疫细胞表达的TLR7受体结合,从而启动辅助作用。
在一些实施方案中,RNA是自我复制RNA。当递送至脊椎动物细胞时,即使没有任何蛋白质存在,自我复制RNA分子(复制子)也可以通过自身转录导致多个子代RNA的产生(通过其自身产生的反义复制)。因此,自我复制RNA分子通常为+链分子,递送至细胞后其可以直接翻译,该翻译提供了RNA-依赖性RNA聚合酶,然后其通过所递送的RNA产生反义和正义转录本。因此,所递送的RNA导致多个子代RNA的产生。这些子代RNA以及共线的(collinear)亚基因组转录本可以自身翻译从而在原位提供被编码的免疫原的表达,或者可以被转录从而进一步提供与所递送的RNA(其被翻译以提供免疫原的原位表达)具有相同意义的转录本。这种顺序的转录的最终结果是被引入的复制子RNA数量的扩增,所以被编码的免疫原成为宿主细胞的主要多肽产物。
一种实现自我复制的适当的系统是使用基于甲病毒属的RNA复制子。当递送至细胞后,这些(+)链复制子被翻译以获得复制酶(或复制酶-转录酶)。该复制酶被翻译为多聚蛋白,其可以自动裂解以提供复制复合物,其能够创建(+)链被递送RNA的基因组(–)链副本。这些(–)链转录本可以自身被转录以进一步产生(+)链母本RNA的副本,还可以产生能够编码免疫原的亚基因组转录,因此,亚基因组转录的翻译通过感染细胞导致免疫原的原位表达。适当的甲病毒属复制子可以采用源自下列病毒的复制酶:辛德毕斯病毒(sindbisvirus)、森林脑炎病毒(semliki forest virus)、东部马脑炎病毒(eastern equineencephalitis virus)、委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus)等。可以使用突变型或野生型病毒序列,例如VEEV的减毒TC83突变型已经被用于复制子中。
因此,优选的自我复制RNA分子可以编码:(i)RNA-依赖性RNA聚合酶,其可以从自我复制RNA分子转录RNA和(ii)免疫原。所述聚合酶可以是甲病毒属复制酶,其可以例如包含一或多种甲病毒属蛋白nsP1、nsP2、nsP3和nsP4。
鉴于天然甲病毒属基因组除了非结构性复制酶多聚蛋白之外,还能够编码结构性病毒体蛋白,因此优选本发明的自我复制RNA分子不能编码甲病毒属结构蛋白。因此,优选的自我复制RNA可以导致其自身的基因组RNA副本在细胞中的产生,但是不会产生含有RNA的病毒体。没有产生这些病毒体的能力意味着自我复制RNA分子不像野生型甲病毒属,自身不能持久保持感染形式。野生型病毒持久保持所必需的甲病毒属结构蛋白不存在于本发明的自我复制RNA中,它们的位置被编码相关免疫原的基因所代替,因此所述亚基因组转录本能够编码免疫原而非结构性甲病毒属病毒体蛋白。
所以,本发明中使用的自我复制RNA可以具有两个开放阅读框。第一个(5')开放阅读框编码复制酶;第二个(3')开放阅读框编码免疫原。在某些实施方案中,RNA可以具有另外的(例如下游)开放阅读框,例如编码其它免疫原(见下文)或者编码辅助多肽。
自我复制RNA分子具有5'序列,其与被编码的复制酶相容。
自我复制RNA分子具有各种长度,但它们通常为5000-25000个核苷酸长度,例如8000-15000个核苷酸长度或9000-12000个核苷酸长度。因此RNA长于siRNA递送中所见到的。
RNA分子具有5'顶端(例如7-甲基鸟苷)。该顶端能够增强RNA的体内翻译。
本发明中使用的RNA分子的5'核苷酸可以具有5'三磷酸酯基团。在封端(capped)RNA中,其可以通过5'-至-5'的桥与7-甲基鸟苷连接。5'三磷酸酯可以增强RIG-I结合,因此可以促进辅助剂作用。
RNA分子可以具有3'聚A尾端。其也可以包含临近其3'末端的聚A聚合酶识别序列(例如AAUAAA)。
本发明中使用的用于免疫目的的RNA分子通常为单链。通过与TLR7、TLR8、RNA解旋酶和/或PKR结合,单链RNA通常能够引发辅助剂的作用。以双链形式递送的RNA(dsRNA)可以与TLR3结合,该受体也可以通过dsRNA触发,它是在单链RNA复制期间或者单链RNA二级结构中形成的。
用于免疫目的的RNA分子可以方便地通过体外转录(IVT)制备。IVT可以使用(cDNA)模板创建并在细菌的质粒形式中繁殖或者合成方法创建(例如通过基因合成和/或聚合酶链-反应(PCR)的工程方法)。例如,DNA-依赖性RNA聚合酶(例如噬菌体T7、T3或SP6RNA聚合酶)可以用于自DNA模板转录RNA。可以根据需要使用适当的封端和聚A加合反应(尽管复制子的聚-A通常在DNA模板中编码)。这些RNA聚合酶对于转录的5'核苷酸具有严格的要求,在某些实施方案中,这些要求必须与被编码的复制酶的要求相匹配,从而保证IVT转录的RNA有效地作为用于其自我编码的复制酶的底物。
根据WO2011/005799中所讨论的,自我复制RNA可以包含(除了任何5'顶端结构外)一或多个具有被修饰的核碱基的核苷酸。例如,自我复制RNA可以包含一或多个被修饰的嘧啶核碱基,例如假尿苷和/或5-甲基胞嘧啶残基。然而,在某些实施方案中,RNA不含有被修饰的核碱基,也不包含被修饰的核苷酸,即RNA中所有的核苷酸均为标准的A、C、G和U核糖核苷酸(除了任何5'顶端结构外,其可以包含7'-甲基鸟苷)。在其它实施方案中,RNA可以包含含有7'甲基鸟苷的5'顶端,第1、2或3个5'核糖核苷酸可以在核糖的2'位被甲基化。
本发明中使用的用于免疫目的的RNA理想上仅包含核苷酸之间的磷酸二酯连接基,但是在某些实施方案中,其可以包含氨基磷酸酯、硫代磷酸酯和/或甲基膦酸酯连接基。
免疫原
本发明中使用的用于免疫目的的RNA分子能够编码多肽免疫原。施用后RNA在体内被翻译,该免疫原可以激发接受者的免疫响应。免疫原能够激发对抗病原体(例如细菌、病毒、真菌或寄生虫)的免疫响应,但是,在某些实施方案中,其能够激发对抗过敏原或肿瘤抗原的免疫响应。免疫响应包括抗体响应(通常包括IgG)和/或细胞介导的免疫响应。多肽免疫原通常能够激发识别相应的病原体(或过敏原或肿瘤)多肽的免疫响应,但是,在某些实施方案中,多肽作为模拟抗原(mimotope)能够激发识别糖类的免疫响应。免疫原通常为表面多肽,例如粘附素、血凝素、包络糖蛋白、刺突糖蛋白等。
RNA分子能够编码单一多肽免疫原或多种多肽。多种免疫原可以呈现为单一多肽免疫原(融合多肽)或各自不同的多肽。如果免疫原被表示为源自复制子的各自不同的多肽,则其中一或多种可以获自上游的IRES或其它病毒启动子元素。或者,多种免疫原可以用多聚蛋白表达,所述多聚蛋白能够编码与短的自催化蛋白酶(例如手足口病病毒2A蛋白)融合的各个免疫原或者作为内含肽。
在某些实施方案中,免疫原能够激发对抗下列这些细菌之一的免疫响应:
脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(Neisseria meningitidis):有用的免疫原,包括但不限于膜蛋白,例如粘附素、自动转运蛋白、毒素、铁采集蛋白和因子H结合蛋白。三个有用的多肽的组合公开于Giuliani等(2006)Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(29):10834-9。
肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae):公开于WO2009/016515的有用的多肽免疫原。它们包括但不限于RrgB菌毛亚单位、β-N-乙酰基-氨基己糖苷酶前体(spr0057)、spr0096、一般应激蛋白、GSP-781(spR2021,SP2216)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶STKP(SP1732)和肺炎链球菌表面黏附素PsaA。
酿脓链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes):有用的免疫原,包括但不限于在WO 02/34771和WO 2005/032582中公开的多肽。
卡他莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis)。
百日咳杆菌(Bordetella pertussis):有用的百日咳免疫原,包括但不限于百日咳毒素或类毒素(PT)、丝状血凝素(FHA)、百日咳杆菌粘附素和凝集原2和3。
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus):有用的免疫原包括但不限于在WO2010/119343中公开的多肽,例如溶血素、esxA、esxB、高铁色素结合蛋白(sta006)和/或sta011脂蛋白。
破伤风杆菌(Clostridium tetani):典型的免疫原为破伤风类毒素。
白喉棒杆菌(Cornynebacterium diphtheriae):典型的免疫原为白喉类毒素。
流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae):有用的免疫原包括但不限于在WO2006/110413和WO2005/111066中公开的多肽。
铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae):有用的免疫原包括但不限于在WO02/34771中公开的多肽。
沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis):有用的免疫原包括但不限于PepA、LcrE、ArtJ、DnaK、CT398、OmpH-like、L7/L12、OmcA、AtoS、CT547、Eno、Htra和MurG(例如WO2005/002619公开的)。LcrE(WO2006/138004)和Htra(WO2009/109860)为两种优选的免疫原。
肺炎衣原体(Chlamydia pneumoniae):有用的免疫原包括但不限于在WO02/02606中公开的多肽。
幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori):有用的免疫原包括但不限于CagA、VacA、NAP和/或脲酶(WO03/018054)。
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli):有用的免疫原包括但不限于源自下列的免疫原:产肠毒素的大肠杆菌(ETEC)、肠聚集大肠杆菌(EAggEC)、弥散粘附性大肠杆菌(DAEC)、致肠病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)、肠外致病性大肠杆菌(ExPEC)和/或致肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)。ExPEC菌株包括肾盂肾炎性大肠杆菌(UPEC)和脑膜炎/脓毒症相关的大肠杆菌(MNEC)。有用的UPEC免疫原公开于WO 2006/091517和WO 2008/020330。有用的MNEC免疫原公开于WO2006/089264。多个大肠杆菌类型的有用的免疫原为AcfD(WO 2009/104092)。
炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)
鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia pestis):有用的免疫原包括但不限于那些在WO2007/049155和WO2009/031043中公开的。
表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermis)
产气荚膜杆菌(Clostridium perfringens)或肉毒梭菌(Clostridiumbotulinums)
嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila)
贝氏柯克斯体(Coxiella burnetii)
布鲁氏菌(Brucella),例如牛布鲁氏菌(B.abortus)、犬种布鲁氏菌(B.canis)、羊布鲁氏菌(B.melitensis)、沙林鼠布鲁氏菌(B.neotomae)、绵羊布鲁氏菌(B.ovis)、猪布鲁氏菌(B.suis)、海豹布鲁氏菌(B.pinnipediae)。
弗朗西斯氏菌,例如新凶手弗朗西斯菌(F.novicida)、唇楼弗朗西斯菌(F.philomiragia)、F.tularensis。
淋球菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
梅毒螺旋体(Treponema pallidum)
杜克雷嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus ducreyi)
粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)或屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)
腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)
小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌(Yersinia enterocolitica)
结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
立克次体(Rickettsia)
单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)
霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)
伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhi)
伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)
牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis)
克雷伯氏杆菌(Klebsiella)。
在一些实施方案中,免疫原能够激发下列这些病毒之一的免疫响应:
正粘病毒(Orthomyxovirus):有用的免疫原可以源自流感A、B或C病毒,例如血细胞凝聚素、神经氨酸酶或基质M2蛋白质。其中免疫原是流感A病毒血凝素,其可以是任何亚型,例如H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H6、H7、H8、H9、H10、H 1 1、H12、H13、H14、H15或H16。
副粘病毒科病毒(Paramyxoviridae viruses):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自下列的病毒:肺病毒(例如呼吸道合胞病毒,RSV)、德国麻疹病毒(Rubulaviruses)(如腮腺炎病毒)、副粘病毒(例如副流感病毒)、偏肺病毒(Metapneumoviruses)和麻疹病毒(Morbilliviruses)(如麻疹病毒)。
痘病毒科(Poxviridae):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自正痘病毒的病毒,例如天花病毒,包括但不限于主要天花和次要天花。
微小RNA核糖核酸病毒(Picornavirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自细小核糖核酸病毒的病毒,例如肠病毒、鼻病毒、嗜肝RNA病毒(Heparnavirus)、心脏病毒(Cardioviruses)和口蹄疫病毒(Aphthoviruses)。在一个实施方案中,肠病毒是脊髓灰质炎病毒,例如1型、2型和/或3型脊髓灰质炎病毒。在另一个实施方案中,肠病毒是EV71肠病毒。在另一个实施方案中,肠病毒是柯萨奇A或B病毒。
布尼亚病毒(Bunyavirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自下列的病毒:正布尼亚病毒(Orthobunyavirus)(例如加利福尼亚脑炎病毒)、白蛉病毒属(如裂谷热病毒)或内罗病毒属(如克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒)。
嗜肝RNA病毒(Heparnavirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自嗜肝RNA病毒的病毒,例如甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)。
纤维病毒(Filovirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自纤维病毒的病毒,例如埃博拉病毒(包括扎伊尔、象牙海岸、雷斯顿或苏丹埃博拉病毒)或马尔堡病毒。
囊膜病毒(Togavirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自囊膜病毒的病毒,例如风疹病毒、甲病毒或动脉炎病毒。其包括风疹病毒。
黄病毒(Flavivirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些由黄病毒衍生的病毒、如蜱传脑炎(TBE)病毒、登革热(1、2、3或4型)病毒、黄热病病毒、日本脑炎病毒、科萨努尔森林病毒、西尼罗河脑炎病毒、圣路易斯脑炎病毒、俄罗斯春夏脑炎病毒、玻瓦森脑炎病毒。
瘟病毒(Pestivirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自瘟病毒的病毒,例如牛病毒性腹泻(BVDV)、经典猪瘟(CSFV)或边界病(BDV)。
嗜肝DNA病毒(Hepadnavirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自嗜肝DNA病毒的病毒,例如乙肝病毒。组合物包括乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)。
其它肝炎病毒:组合物可以包括源自下列的免疫原:丙型肝炎病毒、三角洲肝炎病毒、戊型肝炎病毒或庚型肝炎病毒。
棒状病毒(Rhabdovirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自棒状病毒的病毒,例如狂犬病病毒属(例如狂犬病病毒)和水泡性病毒(VSV)。
杯状病毒科(Caliciviridae):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自杯状病毒的病毒,例如诺瓦克病毒(诺沃克病毒)和诺沃克样病毒,如夏威夷病毒和雪山病毒。
冠状病毒(Coronavirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自下列的病毒:SARS冠状病毒、禽传染性支气管炎(IBV)、小鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)。冠状病毒免疫原可以是尖多肽。
逆转录病毒(Retrovirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自下列的病毒:肿瘤病毒、慢病毒(如HIV-1或HIV-2)或泡沫病毒。
呼肠孤病毒(Reovirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些下列病毒:正呼肠孤病毒、轮状病毒、环状病毒或科蜱病毒。
细小病毒(Parvovirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自细小病毒B19的病毒。
疱疹病毒(Herpesvirus):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自人疱疹病毒的病毒,例如,仅举例说明,单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)(例如HSV1和2型)、水痘-带状疱疹病毒(VZV),爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(EBV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、人疱疹病毒6(HHV6)、人疱疹病毒7(HHV7)和人疱疹病毒8(HHV8)。
乳多空病毒(Papovaviruses):免疫原包括但不限于那些源自乳头状瘤病毒和多瘤病毒的病毒。(人)乳头状瘤病毒可能是血清型1、2、4、5、6、8、11、13、16、18、31、33、35、39、41、42、47、51、57、58、63或65,例如源自血清型6、1 1、16和/或18的一或多种。
腺病毒(Adenovirus):免疫原包括源自血清型36(Ad-36)的那些。
某些实施方案中,免疫原能够激发对抗感染鱼的病毒的免疫响应、例如:传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒(ISAV)、鲑鱼胰腺疾病病毒(SPDV)、传染性胰腺坏死病病毒(IPNV)、斑点叉尾鮰病毒(CCV)、鱼类淋巴囊肿病病毒(FLDV)、传染性造血器官坏死病毒(IHNV)、锦鲤疱疹病、鲑鱼类核糖核酸病毒(也称为大西洋鲑鱼的小核糖核酸样病毒)、淡水鲑鱼病毒(LSV)、大西洋鲑鱼轮状病毒(ASR)、鳟鱼草莓病病毒(TSD)、银鲑肿瘤病毒(CSTV)或病毒性出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)。
真菌免疫原可以源自皮肤癣菌(Dermatophytres),包括:絮状表皮癣菌(Epidermophyton floccusum)、奥杜安氏小孢子菌(Microsporum audouini)、犬小孢子菌(Microsporum canis)、扭曲小孢子菌(Microsporum distortum)、马小孢子菌(Microsporum equinum)、石膏样孢子菌(Microsporum gypsum)、矮小孢子菌(Microsporumnanum)、同心性毛癣菌(Trichophyton concentricum)、马毛癣菌(Trichophytonequinum)、鸡毛癣菌(Trichophyton gallinae)、石膏样毛癣菌(Trichophyton gypseum)、麦格毛癣菌(Trichophyton megnini)、须毛癣菌(Trichophyton mentagrophytes)、昆克努毛癣菌(Trichophyton quinckeanum)、红色毛癣菌(Trichophyton rubrum)、许兰毛癣菌(Trichophyton schoenleini)、断发毛癣菌(Trichophyton tonsurans)、疣状毛癣菌(Trichophyton verrucosum)、疣状毛癣菌的白变种、盘变种、黄褐变种(T.verrucosumvar.album,var.discoides,var.ochraceum)、紫色毛癣菌(Trichophyton violaceum)和/或蜜块状毛癣菌(Trichophyton faviforme);或者可以源自:烟曲霉、黄曲霉、黑曲霉、构巢曲霉、土曲霉、萨氏曲霉、黄曲霉、灰绿曲霉、芽生裂殖菌(Blastoschizomyces capitatus)、白色念珠菌、烯醇化酶念珠菌、热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、星状假念珠菌、克鲁斯念珠菌、帕拉克斯念珠菌、葡萄牙念珠菌、伪热带念珠菌、吉利蒙念珠菌、卡氏枝孢霉、粗球孢子菌、皮炎芽生菌、新型隐球菌、棒地霉、组织胞浆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、微孢子虫、脑胞内原虫属、肠有膈微孢虫(Septata intestinalis)和比氏肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon bieneusi);不太常见的是Brachiola spp.、微孢子虫属(Microsporidium spp.)、小孢子虫属(Nosema spp.)、匹里虫属(Pleistophora spp.)、人气管普孢虫(Trachipleistophora spp.)、条抱虫属(Vittaforma spp.)、巴西副球孢子菌(Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)、卡氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystis carinii)、苜猜腐酶(Pythiumn insidiosum)、糠疹癣菌属(Pityrosporum ovale)、酿酒酵母菌(Sacharomycescerevisae)、鲍氏酵母菌(Saccharomyces boulardii)、粟酒酵母(Saccharomyces pombe)、尖端赛多孢子菌(Scedosporium apiosperum)、申克孢子丝菌(Sporothrix schenckii)、白吉利毛孢子菌(Trichosporon beigelii)、刚地弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)、马尔尼菲青霉菌(Penicillium marneffei)、马拉色菌属(Malassezia spp.)、着色真菌属(Fonsecaeaspp.)、王氏霉菌属(Wangiella spp.)、孢子丝菌属(Sporothrix spp.)、蛙粪霉属(Basidiobolus spp.)、耳霉属(Conidiobolus spp.)、根霉属(Rhizopus spp.)、毛霉属(Mucor spp.)、犁头霉属(Absidia spp.)、被孢霉属(Mortierella spp.)、小克银汉霉属(Cunninghamella spp.)、瓶霉属(Saksenaea spp.)、链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)、弯孢霉属(Curvularia spp.)、长蠕孢霉属(Helminthosporium spp.)、镰刀菌属(Fusariumspp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)、青霉属(Penicillium spp.)、链核菌属(monoliniaspp.)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia spp.)、拟青霉属(Paecilomyces spp.)、皮司霉属(Pithomyces spp.)和枝孢菌属(Cladosporium spp.)。
在某些实施方案中,免疫原能够激发对抗源自疟原虫属的寄生虫的免疫响应,例如恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫、三日疟原虫或卵形疟原虫。因此,本发明可以用于免疫对抗疟疾。在某些实施方案中,免疫原能够激发对抗源自鱼虱科(Caligidae)家族的寄生虫的免疫响应,特别是源自疮痂鱼虱(Lepeophtheirus)和鱼虱属(Caligus genera)的寄生虫,例如海虱,如鲑疮痂鱼虱(Lepeophtheirus salmonis)或智利鱼虱(Caligus rogercresseyi)。
在某些实施方案中,免疫原能够激发对抗下列的免疫响应:花粉过敏原(树-、药草-、野草-和草坪花粉过敏原);昆虫或蜘蛛过敏原(吸入、唾液和毒液过敏原,例如螨过敏原,蟑螂和蚊蠓过敏原,膜翅类毒液过敏原);动物毛发和皮屑过敏原(源自例如狗、猫、马、大鼠、小鼠等);食物过敏原(如麦醇溶蛋白)。源自树、草和草药的重要花粉过敏原为例如源自分类学的下列目:壳斗目、木犀目、松柏目和悬铃木科,包括但不限于桦树(桦木属)、桤木(桤木属)、榛(榛属)、角树(鹅耳枥属)和橄榄树(木犀榄属)、雪松(柳杉属和刺柏属)、梧桐(悬铃木属);禾本目,包括下列属的草:黑麦草、梯牧草、早熟禾、狗牙根、鸭茅、绒毛草、虉草、黑麦和高粱;菊目和荨麻目,包括下列属的药草:豚草、蒿和墙草。其它重要的吸入过敏原为那些源自下列的属:屋尘螨,表皮螨属(Dermatophagoides)和嗜霉螨属(Euroglyphus);储粮尘螨(storage mite),例如害嗜鳞螨属(Lepidoglyphys)、嗜甜螨属(Glycyphagus)和腐食螨属(Tyrophagus);源自蟑螂、蚊和跳蚤的过敏原,例如小蠊属(Blatella)、大蠊属(Periplaneta)、摇蚊属(Chironomus)和柿头圣属(Ctenocepphalides),源自哺乳动物的过敏原,例如猫、狗和马;毒液过敏原,包括源自昆虫的刺蛰或叮咬,例如源自下列分类学的目:膜翅目,包括蜜蜂(蜜蜂科)、黄蜂(胡蜂科)和蚂蚁(蚁科)。
在某些实施方案中,免疫原为选自下列的肿瘤抗原:(a)癌症-睾丸抗原,例如NY-ESO-1、SSX2、SCP1以及RAGE、BAGE、GAGE和MAGE家族多肽类,例如GAGE-1、GAGE-2、MAGE-1、MAGE-2、MAGE-3、MAGE-4、MAGE-5、MAGE-6和MAGE-12(其可以用于例如治疗黑素瘤、肺、头颈、NSCLC、乳腺、胃肠道和膀胱肿瘤);(b)突变的抗原,例如p53(与各种实体瘤有关,例如结直肠癌、肺癌、头颈癌)、p21/ras(与例如黑素瘤、胰腺癌和结直肠癌有关)、CDK4(与例如黑素瘤有关)、MUM1(与例如黑素瘤有关)、半胱天冬酶-8(与例如头颈癌有关)、CIA 0205(与例如膀胱癌有关)、HLA-A2-R1701、β连环蛋白(与例如黑素瘤有关)、TCR(与例如T-细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤有关)、BCR-abl(与例如慢性髓性白血病有关)、磷酸丙糖异构酶、KIA 0205、CDC-27和LDLR-FUT;(c)过度表达的抗原,例如半乳凝素4(与例如结直肠癌有关)、半乳凝素9(与例如霍奇金病有关)、蛋白酶3(与例如慢性髓性白血病有关)、WT 1(与例如各种白血病有关)、碳酸酐酶(与例如肾癌有关)、醛缩酶A(与例如肺癌有关)、PraME(与例如黑素瘤有关)、HER-2/neu(与例如乳癌、结肠癌、肺癌和卵巢癌有关)、乳腺珠蛋白、α-甲胎蛋白(与例如肝细胞瘤有关)、KSA(与例如结直肠癌有关)、胃泌素(与例如胰腺癌和胃癌有关)、端粒酶催化蛋白、MUC-1(与例如乳癌和卵巢癌有关)、G-250(与例如肾细胞癌有关)、p53(与例如乳癌、结肠癌有关)和癌胚抗原(与例如乳癌、肺癌以及胃肠道癌症如结直肠癌有关);(d)共享抗原(shared antigens),例如黑素瘤-黑素细胞分化抗原,促黑激素例如MART-1/Melan A、gp100、MC1R、促黑激素受体、酪氨酸酶、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-1/TRP1和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-2/TRP2(与例如黑素瘤有关);(e)前列腺相关抗原,例如PAP、PSA、PSMA、PSH-P1、PSM-P1、PSM-P2,它们与例如前列腺癌有关;(f)免疫球蛋白个体基因型(与例如骨髓瘤和B细胞淋巴瘤有关)。在某些实施方案中,肿瘤免疫原包括但不限于p15、Hom/Mel-40、H-ras、E2A-PRL、H4-RET、IGH-IGK、MYL-raR、Epstein Barr病毒抗原、EBNA、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)抗原(包括E6和E7)、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒抗原、人T-细胞嗜淋巴细胞病毒抗原、TSP-180、p185eRBB2、p180eRBB-3、c-met、mn-23H1、TAG-72-4、CA 19-9、CA 72-4、CAM 17.1、NuMa、K-ras、p16、TAGE、PSCA、CT7、43-9F、5T4、791Tgp72、β-HCG、BCA225、BTAA、CA 125、CA 15-3(CA 27.29\BCAA)、CA 195、CA 242、CA-50、CAM43、CD68\KP1、CO-029、FGF-5、Ga733(EpCAM)、HTgp-175、M344、MA-50、MG7-Ag、MOV18、NB/70K、NY-CO-1、RCAS1、SDCCAG16、TA-90(Mac-2结合蛋白/亲环蛋白C-相关蛋白)、TAAL6、TAG72、TLP、TPS等。
药物组合物
本发明的药用组合物,特别是用于免疫的组合物,可以包含一或多种小分子免疫增强剂。例如,组合物可以包含TLR2激动剂(例如Pam3CSK4)、TLR4激动剂(例如氨烷基氨基葡萄糖苷磷酸酯,例如E6020)、TLR7激动剂(例如咪喹莫特)、TLR8激动剂(例如瑞奎莫特)和/或TLR9激动剂(例如IC31)。任何此类激动剂理想的分子量<2000Da。在一些实施方案中,此类激动剂可以被内含RNA的脂质体包封,或者被LNP包封或与LNP复合,但在其它实施方案中,它们可以是未包封的或未复合的。
本发明的药物组合物可以具有200mOsm/kg至400mOsm/kg、例如240-360mOsm/kg,或290-310mOsm/kg的渗透压。
本发明的药物组合物可包括一种或多种防腐剂,例如硫柳汞或2-苯氧基乙醇。优选无汞组合物,且可以制备无防腐剂的疫苗。
根据需要,组合物包含本文所述的免疫有效量的脂质组合物(例如脂质体和LNP)以及任何其它组分。免疫学有效量是指以单一剂量或作为系列的一部分施用给个体的对治疗(例如对病原体的预防性免疫应答)有效的量。该量根据待治疗个体的健康和身体状况、年龄、待治疗个体的分类群(例如非人灵长类、灵长类动物等)、个体免疫系统合成抗体的能力、所需的保护程度、疫苗的配制、治疗医生对医疗状况的评估以及其他相关因素而变化。预计该量将落在相对较宽的范围内,可以通过常规试验确定。本发明的组合物通常以每剂量的RNA的量表示。优选的剂量具有<100μg的RNA(例如10-100μg、如约10μg、25μg、50μg、75μg或100μg),但在低得多的水平可见表达,例如<1μg/剂量、<100ng/剂量、<10ng/剂量、<1ng/剂量等。
本发明还提供了包含本发明的药物组合物的递送装置(例如注射器、雾化器、喷雾器、吸入器、皮肤贴剂等)。该装置可用于将组合物施用于脊椎动物受试者。
本发明的脂质体或LNP不包含核糖体。
治疗方法和医疗用途
本文所述的脂质体配制的或LNP配制的RNA和药物组合物用于诱导针对感兴趣的免疫原的免疫应答的体内应用。
本发明提供了在脊椎动物中诱导免疫应答的方法,其包括施用有效量的如本文所述的脂质体的配制或LNP配制的RNA或药物组合物。免疫应答优选是保护性的,优选地涉及抗体和/或细胞介导的免疫。所述组合物可以用于启动和促进的目的。或者,初始-加强免疫方案可以是RNA和相应的多肽抗原的混合物(例如,RNA初始,蛋白质增强)。
本发明还提供了用于在脊椎动物中诱导免疫应答的脂质体、LNP或药物组合物。
本发明还提供了脂质体、LNP或药物组合物在制备用于在脊椎动物中诱导免疫应答的药物中的应用。
通过这些应用和方法在脊椎动物中诱导免疫应答,脊椎动物可被保护免受各种疾病和/或感染,例如如上所述的细菌和/或病毒性疾病。脂质体、LNP和组合物是免疫原性的,更优选是疫苗组合物。根据本发明的疫苗可以是预防性的(即预防感染)或治疗性的(即治疗感染),但通常是预防性的。
脊椎动物优选为哺乳动物,如人或大型兽医哺乳动物(例如马、牛、鹿、山羊、猪)。如本文所用,“大型哺乳动物”是指具有至少5kg、优选至少7kg的典型或平均成年体重的哺乳动物。这样的大型哺乳动物可以包括例如人、非人灵长类动物、狗、猪、牛、鹿、山羊,并且意在排除小型哺乳动物、例如小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠和其他啮齿动物。
当疫苗用于预防性使用时,人类优选是儿童(例如幼儿或婴儿)或青少年;在疫苗用于治疗用途的情况下,人类优选是青少年或成年人。用于儿童的疫苗也可以施用于成人以例如评估安全性、剂量、免疫原性等。
根据本发明制备的疫苗可用于治疗儿童和成人。因此、人类患者可不到1岁、5岁以下、1-5岁、5-15岁、15-55岁或至少55岁。接种疫苗的首选患者是老年人(例如≥50岁、≥60岁且优选≥65岁)、年幼者(例如<5岁)、住院患者、医护人员、武装部队和军事人员、孕妇、长期病患者或免疫缺陷患者。然而,疫苗不仅仅适用于这些群体,而是可以更普遍地在群体中使用。
本发明的组合物通常直接施用于患者。可以通过胃肠道外注射(例如,皮下、腹膜内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮内或递送至组织间隙完成直接递送;舌内注射通常不用于免疫目的。替代的递送途径包括直肠、口服(例如片剂、喷雾剂)、口颊、舌下、阴道、局部、透皮或经皮、鼻内、眼、耳、肺或其它粘膜施用。两种优选的途径是皮内和肌内施用。注射可以通过针头(例如皮下针头)进行,但可选择采用无针注射。肌内剂量通常为0.5ml。
本发明可用于引起全身和/或粘膜免疫,优选引起增强的全身和/或粘膜免疫。
可以通过单剂量方案或多剂量方案进行施用。多剂量可以用于初次免疫方案和/或加强免疫方案。在多剂量方案中,可通过相同或不同途径施用各种剂量,例如采用胃肠外初次免疫和粘膜加强免疫、粘膜初次免疫和胃肠外加强免疫等。一般以至少1周(例如约2周、约3周、约4周、约6周、约8周、约10周、约12周、约16周等)的间隔施用多个剂量。在一个实施方案中,可在出生后约6周、10周和14周(例如在6周龄、10周龄和14周龄时,如常用于世界卫生组织的扩大免疫规划(“EPI”))施用多剂量。在备选实施方案中,间隔约两个月施用两个初次剂量,例如间隔约7、8或9周,在施用第二个初次剂量后约6个月至1年(例如第二个初次剂量后约6、8、10或12个月)施用一个或多个加强剂量。在另一个实施方案中,间隔约两个月施用三个初次剂量,例如间隔约7、8或9周,在施用第三个初次剂量后约6个月至1年(例如第三个初次剂量后约6、8、10或12个月)施用一个或多个加强剂量。
实施例
式(I)的阳离子脂质
下面的实施例旨在阐明本发明,不应当被视为对其加以限定。温度均为摄氏度。如果没有另外说明,所有的蒸发浓缩均在减压下进行,优选在约15mm Hg至100mm Hg(=20-133mbar)。终产物、中间体和原料的结构通过标准分析方法确证,例如微量元素分析或光谱特征分析,例如MS、IR或NMR。使用的缩写是本领域中的常规缩写,其中一些如下文所定义。
快速柱纯化优选在硅胶柱上进行,采用适当的等度或梯度组合洗脱液。
除非另有说明,HPLC分析采用Waters Atlantis dC18柱(4.6×150mm,3mm),梯度洗脱(0.1%v/v三氟乙酸改性的0%-95%的乙腈水溶液,洗脱20min,流速为1.4mL/min)。
1H NMR谱采用Bruker Avance II 400MHz光谱仪进行。所有的化学位移均以相当于四甲基硅烷的百万分之几(δ)报告。下列缩写用于表述信号模式:s=单峰,d=双峰,t=三重峰,q=四重峰,m=多重峰,br=宽峰。ES-MS数据采用Waters LTC Premier质谱仪记录,配备双电喷雾离子化源,Agilent 1100液相色谱。磺胺二甲氧嘧啶[Sigma,m/z=311.0814(M+1)]用作通过LockSprayTM通道每第三扫描获取的对照基准。已经发现系统的质量精度(mass accuracy)<5ppm。
缩写:
AcOH 乙酸
Aq 含水
Ar 芳基
Atm 大气压
BOC 叔丁基-碳酸酯基
br.s.,bs 宽单峰
℃ 摄氏温度
CD2Cl2 氘代二氯甲烷
CDCl3 氘代氯仿
CH2Cl2,DCM 二氯甲烷
CH3CN,MeCN 乙腈
d 双峰
dd 双双峰
ddd 双双双峰
DIEA,DIPEA N-乙基二异丙胺
DME 1,4-二甲氧基乙烷
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMAP 二甲基氨基吡啶
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
dt 双三重峰
EDC 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
EtOH 乙醇
FCC 快速柱色谱
G 厚度/号(gauge)
h 小时
HBTU (2-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸盐
HCl 盐酸
HMPA 六甲基磷酰胺
HPLC 高压液相色谱
HT 高流通量
IBX 2-碘酰基苯甲酸
i-PrOH 异丙醇
H2O 水
K 开尔文
KOH 氢氧化钾
LC 液相色谱
M 摩尔
m 多重峰,质量
MeOH 甲醇
MgSO4 硫酸镁
MHz 兆赫
ml,mL 毫升
mm 毫米
mmol 毫摩尔
min. 分钟
mRNA 信使核糖核酸
MS 质谱
mw 微波
NaH 氢化钠
NaHMDS 六甲基二硅烷重氮钠
NaOEt 乙醇钠
NaOH 氢氧化钠
Na2SO4 硫酸钠
NEt3 三乙胺
ng 纳克
NH3 氨
NMR 核磁共振
quint. 五重峰
Pd/C 钯碳
ppt 沉淀
rbf 圆底烧瓶
Rf 阻滞因数
rt 室温
Rt 保留时间
s 单峰
sat. 饱和的
siRNA 短干扰核糖核酸
SM 原料
t 三重峰
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TLC 薄层色谱
UPLC 超高效液相色谱
wt 重量
μg 微克
μL 微升
所有化合物都使用AutoNom命名。
LC特征:
LC方法1:在具有Inersil C8 3.0μm,3.0x53mm柱的Waters Acquity SDS系统上获得保留时间(Rt)。在50℃的烘箱温度,历经1.0分钟应用H2O(+0.1%甲酸)/CH3CN(+0.1%甲酸)40/60至5/95的梯度,然后保持2.1分钟。(1.0mL/分钟,作为溶剂流)。
LC方法2:在具有Acquity BEH 1.7μm 2.1x50 mm柱的Waters Acquity SDS系统上得到保留时间(Rt)。在50℃的烘箱温度,历经1.4分钟应用H2O(+0.1%甲酸)/CH3CN(+0.1%甲酸)45/55至1/99的梯度,然后保持3.6min。(1.0mL/分钟,作为溶剂流)。
LC方法3:在具有Acquity BEH 1.7μm 2.1x50mm柱的Waters Acquity SDS系统上得到保留时间(Rt)。在50℃的烘箱温度,历经0.7分钟应用H2O(+0.1%甲酸)/CH3CN(+0.1%甲酸)45/55至1/99的梯度,然后保持1.3min。(1.0mL/分钟,作为溶剂流)。
LC方法4:在具有Acquity BEH 1.7μm 2.1x50mm柱的Waters Acquity SDS系统上得到保留时间(Rt)。在50℃的烘箱温度,历经3.6分钟应用H2O(+0.1%甲酸)/CH3CN(+0.1%甲酸)45/55至0.1/99.9的梯度,然后保持1.4min。(1.0mL/分钟,作为溶剂流)。
LC方法5:在具有ACQUITY UPLC BEH C181.7μm 2.1mmX50mm柱的WatersAcquity SDS系统上得到保留时间(Rt)。在50℃的烘箱温度,历经3.40分钟应用H2O(+0.1%甲酸)/CH3CN(+0.1%甲酸)60/40至2/98的梯度,然后保持1.40min。(1.0mL/分钟,作为溶剂流)。
LC方法6:在具有Acquity BEH 1.7μm 2.1x50mm柱的Waters Acquity SDS系统上得到保留时间(Rt)。在50℃的烘箱温度,历经1.4min应用H2O(+0.1%甲酸)/CH3CN(+0.1%甲酸)45/55至1/99的梯度,随后增加至0/100,3.75min,降至45/55,0.04min(1.0mL/分钟,作为溶剂流)。
合成策略
流程1
实施例1的合成:4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯
中间体1a:2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苯甲醛
向2,5-二羟基苯甲醛(0.551g,3.99mmol)在DMF(35mL)中的溶液中加入(9Z,12Z)-甲磺酸十八碳-9,12-二烯基酯(2.75g,7.98mmol),随后加入K2CO3(4.41g,31.9mmol),并加热至80℃达16h。将该反应混合液用100ml乙酸乙酯和100ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用2x50ml水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗制产物经硅胶色谱用10-90%乙酸乙酯:庚烷洗脱纯化,得到所需产物,为无色油状物(1.3g,26%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:10.48(s,1H),7.31(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.12(dd,J=9.0,3.5Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),5.29-5.46(m,8H),4.03(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.94(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.78(t,J=6.3Hz,4H),2.01-2.13(m,8H),1.72-1.87(m,4H),1.46(dt,J=14.1,7.0Hz,4H),1.24-1.41(m,28H),0.89(t,J=7.0Hz,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:189.7,156.3,153.0,130.2,130.1,130.0,128.0,128.0,127.9,127.9,125.0,124.1,114.3,110.7,69.1,68.6,31.5,29.6,29.4,29.3,29.2,29.2,27.2,26.0,26.0,25.6,22.6,14.1。
中间体1b:(2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苯基)甲醇
向中间体1a(1.165g,1.835mmol)在THF(10ml)和甲醇(5ml)中的溶液中加入NaBH4(0.090g,2.385mmol),并在室温搅拌16h。将该反应混合液用100ml乙酸乙酯和100ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用2x50ml水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗制产物经硅胶色谱用10-90%乙酸乙酯:庚烷洗脱纯化,得到所需产物,为无色油状物(0.75g,64%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:6.86(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.76-6.80(m,2H),5.27-5.48(m,8H),4.66(s,2H),3.96(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.91(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.06(q,J=6.9Hz,8H),1.77(dquin,J=14.2,7.0Hz,4H),1.41-1.54(m,J=7.5,5.5Hz,4H),1.23-1.41(m,28H),0.90(t,J=7.0Hz,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:153.0,150.9,130.2,130.1,130.1,130.1,128.0,128.0,127.9,115.4,113.7,112.0,68.6,68.5,62.5,31.5,29.6,29.5,29.4,29.3,29.2,27.2,27.2,26.1,26.0,25.6,22.6,14.1。
实施例1:4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯
向4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸(26.3mg,0.157mmol)在DCM(25ml)中的溶液中加入EDC.HCl(45.1mg,0.235mmol)和DMAP(1.918mg,0.016mmol),随后加入NEt3(0.087ml,0.628mmol),并在室温搅拌30min。向该混合物中加入中间体1b(100mg,0.157mmol),并搅拌16h。将该反应混合液用100ml二氯甲烷和100ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用2x50ml水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗制产物在Biotage纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用10-90%乙酸乙酯:庚烷洗脱纯化,得到所需产物,为无色油状物(84mg,71%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,二氯甲烷-d2)δ:6.90(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.78-6.85(m,2H),5.28-5.54(m,8H),5.14(s,2H),3.85-4.01(m,4H),2.82(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.42(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.30(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.21(s,6H),2.01-2.15(m,8H),1.69-1.88(m,6H),1.44-1.57(m,4H),1.26-1.44(m,28H),0.93(t,J=7.0Hz,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,二氯甲烷-d2)δ:173.8,153.4,151.4,130.6,130.6,128.5,128.4,126.3,116.4,114.6,113.0,69.4,69.0,61.9,59.2,45.7,32.5,32.1,30.2,30.1,30.0,30.0,29.9,29.8,29.8,27.7,27.7,26.6,26.6,26.1,23.5,23.1,14.4。
以下实施例能使用与实施例1的合成所使用的那些类似的偶联方法制备。
实施例2:3-(二甲基氨基)丙酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯
分离所需产物,为无色油状物(120mg,69%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,二氯甲烷-d2)δ:6.92(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.81-6.84(m,2H),5.32-5.48(m,9H),5.15(s,2H),3.84-4.03(m,4H),2.82(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.61-2.70(m,2H),2.50-2.61(m,2H),2.25(s,6H),2.09(q,J=6.9Hz,7H),1.72-1.84(m,4H),1.44-1.56(m,4H),1.26-1.44(m,28H),0.93(t,J=7.0Hz,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,二氯甲烷-d2)δ:172.8,153.5,151.4,130.6,130.6,128.5,128.4,126.2,116.3,114.6,113.0,69.4,69.0,62.0,55.4,45.6,33.6,32.1,30.2,30.2,30.1,30.0,29.9,29.9,29.8,29.8,27.7,27.7,26.6,26.6,26.1,23.1,14.4。
流程2:
实施例3的合成:碳酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯基氧基)苄基酯3-(二甲基氨基)丙基酯
向中间体1b(150mg,0.235mmol)在干燥的CDCl3(2mL)中的溶液中加入氯甲酸对-硝基苯基酯(61.7mg,0.306mmol),随后加入吡啶(23.1μL,0.286mmol)。将该反应混合液在50℃搅拌。4h后将该反应混合液减压浓缩,并再溶于2mL DCM中。加入N,N-二甲基氨基丙醇(121mg,1.18mmol),随后加入DMAP(5.75mg,0.047mmol)。将该反应混合液在室温搅拌。18h后用2mL水将该反应淬灭,并萃取至另外的3x5mL DCM中。将合并的有机层减压浓缩和在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用MeOH/DCM(0至3%)洗脱纯化,得到141.3mg(78%)所需产物,为澄清的油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.95(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.78-6.83(m,2H),5.29-5.48(m,8H),5.22(s,2H),4.24(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.94(dt,J=9.6,6.6Hz,4H),2.81(t,J=6.3Hz,4H),2.38(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.24(s,6H),2.08(q,J=6.6Hz,8H),1.87(quin,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.78(m,4H),1.28-1.52(m,32H),0.92(t,J=6.6Hz,6H)。MS(m+1)=766.5,Rt=1.22min(LC方法1)。
以下实施例能使用与实施例3的合成所使用的那些类似的偶联方法制备
实施例4:碳酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯基氧基)苄基酯3-(二乙基氨基)丙基酯
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.95(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.77-6.84(m,2H),5.30-5.48(m,8H),5.22(s,2H),4.24(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.94(dt,J=9.1,6.6Hz,4H),2.81(t,J=6.3Hz,4H),2.53(q,J=7.1Hz,6H),2.08(q,J=6.6Hz,8H),1.71-1.91(m,6H),1.44-1.53(m,4H),1.26-1.44(m,28H),1.03(t,J=7.1Hz,6H),0.92(t,J=7.1Hz,6H)。MS(m+1)=794.5,Rt=1.38min(LC方法1)。
流程3:
实施例5的合成:4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯
中间体5a:2,5-双((8-羟基辛基)氧基)苯甲醛
向2,5-二羟基苯甲醛(1g,7.24mmol)在DMF(15mL)中的溶液中加入8-溴辛-1-醇(3.03g,14.48mmol)、K2CO3(5.00g,36.2mmol)和KI(0.012g,0.072mmol),并加热至80℃达16h。将该反应混合液用100ml乙酸乙酯和100ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用2x50ml水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗制产物经制备型-HPLC色谱用10-90%乙腈:水和0.1%TFA洗脱纯化,得到所需产物(550mg,19%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:10.47(s,1H),7.31(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.11(dd,J=9.0,3.3Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.03(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.94(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.65(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),1.69-1.79(m,4H),1.52-1.65(m,4H),1.43-1.50(m,4H),1.30-1.40(m,12H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:189.9,156.3,152.9,124.9,124.2,114.3,110.7,69.1,68.6,63.0,63.0,32.7,32.7,29.3,29.1,26.0,25.9,25.6。
中间体5b:双癸酸((2-甲酰基-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
向中间体5a(455mg,1.153mmol)在DCM(11.5mL)中的溶液中加入癸酰氯(484mg,2.54mmol),随后在室温加入DIEA(1.01mL,5.77mmol),并搅拌16h。将该反应混合液用100ml二氯甲烷和100ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用50ml水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗制产物在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用10-90%乙酸乙酯:庚烷洗脱纯化,得到所需产物(591mg,73%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:10.47(s,1H),7.31(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),7.12(dd,J=9.0,3.3Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),3.99-4.12(m,6H),3.94(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.30(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.72-1.95(m,4H),1.11-1.54(m,48H),0.81-0.96(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:189.8,179.0,174.1,156.3,152.9,125.0,124.2,114.3,69.1,68.6,64.3,34.4,31.8,29.5,29.4,29.4,29.2,29.2,28.6,26.0,25.9,25.9,25.0,24.7,22.7,14.1。
中间体5c:双癸酸((2-(羟基甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
在0℃向中间体5b(590mg,0.839mmol)在四氢呋喃(4.2mL)和甲醇(4.2mL)中的溶液中加入硼氢化钠(31.7mg,0.839mmol),并搅拌1h。将该反应混合液用100ml乙酸乙酯和50ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用50ml水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗制产物在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用10-90%乙酸乙酯:庚烷洗脱纯化,得到所需产物(450mg,76%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.87(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.76-6.79(m,2H),4.66(s,2H),4.06(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),3.96(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.91(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.30(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.70-1.86(m,4H),1.62(t,J=7.0Hz,8H),1.41-1.52(m,4H),1.14-1.40(m,36H),0.80-0.95(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.1,153.0,150.9,130.1,115.3,113.7,112.0,68.5,68.4,64.3,64.3,62.4,34.4,31.8,29.4,29.4,29.3,29.3,29.2,29.1,28.6,26.1,26.0,25.8,25.0,24.7,22.7,14.1。
实施例5:双癸酸((2-(((3-(二甲基氨基)丙酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
将中间体5c(65mg,0.092mmol)、3-(二甲基氨基)丙酸(16mg、0.138mmol)、EDC.HCl(35。mg、0.184mmol)和DIEA(32.2μl,0.184mmol)在DCM(体积:922μl)中的混合物在0℃搅拌16h,同时将其温至室温。将该反应混合液用20ml二氯甲烷和20ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用2x20ml水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗制产物在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用10-90%乙酸乙酯:庚烷洗脱纯化,得到所需产物,为无色油状物(40mg,51%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.91(s,1H),6.79(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),5.17(s,2H),4.06(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.91(q,J=6.8Hz,4H),2.61-2.73(m,2H),2.50-2.60(m,2H),2.30(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),2.26(s,6H),1.70-1.83(m,4H),1.52-1.69(m,8H),1.42-1.48(m,4H),1.18-1.35(m,36H),0.79-0.95(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.0,172.3,152.8,150.9,125.4,116.0,114.3,112.5,68.8,68.5,64.3,61.7,54.7,45.2,34.4,32.9,31.8,29.4,29.3,29.3,29.2,29.2,29.1,28.6,26.0,26.0,25.9,25.9,25.0,22.7,14.1。
可以使用与实施例5的合成所使用的那些类似的偶联方法制备以下实施例。
实施例6:双癸酸((2-(((1-甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
分离所需产物,为无色油状物(72mg,77%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.87(s,1H),6.78(s,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.06(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.90(q,J=6.3Hz,4H),2.85(d,J=11.3Hz,2H),2.19-2.44(m,8H),2.03-2.15(m,2H),1.99(d,J=11.8Hz,2H),1.81-1.91(m,2H),1.70-1.80(m,4H),1.58-1.66(m,8H),1.40-1.52(m,4H),1.14-1.39(m,36H),0.88(t,J=6.5Hz,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.7,174.0,152.8,150.9,125.5,115.9,114.2,112.4,68.7,68.5,64.3,61.7,54.8,46.2,34.4,31.8,29.7,29.4,29.3,29.2,29.2,29.1,28.6,28.0,26.0,25.9,25.0,22.6,14.1。
实施例7:双癸酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
分离所需产物,为无色油状物(40mg,50%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.90(s,1H),6.78(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),5.15(s,2H),4.06(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.91(q,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.42(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.28-2.34(m,6H),2.24(s,6H),1.84(quin,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.70-1.80(m,4H),1.53-1.69(m,8H),1.42-1.48(m,4H),1.15-1.40(m,36H),0.79-0.94(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.0,173.4,152.8,150.9,125.5,115.9,114.2,112.5,68.8,68.5,64.3,61.6,58.8,45.3,34.4,32.1,31.8,29.4,29.3,29.3,29.2,29.1,28.6,26.0,26.0,25.9,25.9,25.0,22.9,22.7,14.1。
实施例8:双癸酸((2-(((1-乙基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
分离所需产物,为无色油状物(65mg,73%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.87(s,1H),6.78(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.06(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.90(q,J=6.4Hz,4H),2.92(d,J=10.8Hz,2H),2.41(dt,J=13.9,6.8Hz,3H),2.29(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),1.98(d,J=12.0Hz,4H),1.80-1.91(m,2H),1.69-1.80(m,4H),1.53-1.68(m,8H),1.40-1.50(m,4H),1.16-1.39(m,36H),1.10(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.79-0.94(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.8,174.0,152.8,150.8,125.5,115.8,114.1,112.4,68.7,68.5,64.3,61.6,52.5,34.4,31.8,29.4,29.3,29.2,29.2,29.2,29.1,28.6,28.1,26.0,26.0,25.9,25.8,25.0,22.6,14.1,11.9。
实施例9:双癸酸((2-(((1-异丙基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
分离所需产物,为无色油状物(62mg,69%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.87(s,1H),6.78(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.06(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.90(q,J=6.4Hz,4H),2.88(d,J=11.3Hz,2H),2.72-2.77(m,1H),2.20-2.38(m,7H),1.98(br。s.,2H),1.84(br。s.,1H),1.69-1.79(m,5H),1.54-1.68(m,8H),1.42-1.46(m,4H),1.16-1.39(m,36H),1.06(d,J=5.3Hz,6H),0.81-0.93(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.0,152.8,150.8,125.5,115.9,114.1,112.4,68.7,68.5,64.3,61.6,48.0,34.4,31.8,29.4,29.3,29.2,29.2,29.2,29.1,28.6,26.0,26.0,25.9,25.9,25.0,22.6,18.2,14.1。
实施例10:双癸酸((2-(((4-(吡咯烷-1-基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
分离所需产物,为无色油状物(50mg,56%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.86(s,1H),6.79(s,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.05(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.85-3.96(m,4H),3.76-3.84(m,2H),3.10-3.18(m,2H),2.74-2.84(m,2H),2.48(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.29(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.94-2.19(m,6H),1.74(quin,J=6.8Hz,4H),1.61(d,J=5.0Hz,8H),1.42(d,J=7.3Hz,4H),1.15-1.39(m,36H),0.76-0.94(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.2,174.2,172.1,152.8,150.9,124.8,116.2,114.6,112.6,68.8,68.5,64.3,62.2,54.4,53.6,34.4,31.8,30.5,29.4,29.3,29.2,29.2,29.1,28.5,25.9,25.8,25.8,25.0,23.2,22.6,20.7,14.1。
实施例11:双癸酸((2-((2-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)乙酸基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
分离所需产物,为无色油状物(62mg,70%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.88(s,1H),6.78(d,J=1.3Hz,2H),5.13(s,2H),4.06(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),3.90(q,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.87(d,J=11.3Hz,2H),2.22-2.35(m,8H),2.00(t,J=11.4Hz,2H),1.69-1.88(m,6H),1.53-1.68(m,8H),1.44(d,J=4.3Hz,4H),1.18-1.41(m,40H),0.80-0.95(m,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.0,172.5,152.8,150.9,125.3,116.0,114.4,112.4,68.7,68.5,64.3,61.6,55.5,46.2,41.0,34.4,32.2,31.8,29.4,29.3,29.2,29.2,29.2,29.2,29.1,28.6,26.0,25.9,25.9,25.0,22.6,14.1。
流程4:
实施例12的合成:双癸酸((2-((((3-(二甲基氨基)丙氧基)羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
向中间体5c(83mg,0.118mmol)在DCM(0.5mL)中的溶液中加入氯甲酸4-硝基苯基酯(35.6mg,0.177mmol),随后加入吡啶(38.1μl,0.471mmol),并在室温搅拌16h。将该反应混合液减压浓缩。将固体溶于DCM(0.5mL)中,并加入3-(二甲基氨基)丙-1-醇(36.4mg,0.353mmol),随后加入DIEA(123μl,0.706mmol)和DMAP(1.438mg,0.012mmol),并在室温搅拌16h。将该反应混合液用20ml二氯甲烷和20ml水稀释。将有机层分离,用2x20ml水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到粗制产物。将粗品在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用10-90%乙酸乙酯:庚烷洗脱纯化,但分离出不纯的产物。经超临界流体色谱法用甲醇和CO2洗脱纯化将产物再-纯化,得到所需产物,为无色油状物(30mg,29%收率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.93(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.75-6.86(m,2H),5.20(s,2H),4.23(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.06(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.83-3.97(m,4H),2.50(br。s.,2H),2.33(s,6H),2.30(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),1.94(quin,J=6.7Hz,2H),1.69-1.84(m,4H),1.53-1.69(m,8H),1.40-1.52(m,4H),1.15-1.40(m,36H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.0,155.1,152.8,150.9,124.6,116.0,114.8,112.5,68.7,68.5,66.1,65.0,64.3,55.9,45.0,34.4,31.8,29.4,29.3,29.3,29.2,29.1,28.6,26.0,25.9,25.0,22.7,14.1。
以下实施例能使用与实施例12的合成所使用的那些类似的偶联方制备法。
实施例13:双癸酸((2-((((3-(二乙基氨基)丙氧基)羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
分离所需化合物,为无色油状物(35mg,27%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.93(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.75-6.84(m,2H),5.20(s,2H),4.22(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.06(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),3.83-3.96(m,4H),2.61(br。s.,6H),2.30(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.83-2.03(m,2H),1.76(dq,J=13.3,6.5Hz,4H),1.52-1.68(m,8H),1.40-1.51(m,4H),1.19-1.40(m,38H),1.0-1.12(m,4H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)。13C NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:174.0,155.2,152.8,150.9,124.7,116.0,114.8,112.5,68.8,68.5,65.0,64.3,49.1,46.8,34.4,31.8,29.4,29.3,29.3,29.2,29.1,28.6,26.0,25.9,25.0,22.7,14.1。
流程5:
实施例14的合成:碳酸3-(二甲基氨基)丙基酯4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯
中间体14a:2,5-二甲氧基-4-甲基苯甲醛
将三磷酰氯(12.5mL)加入在10mL DMF中的2,5-二甲氧基-甲苯(5g,3.3mmol)中。将该反应混合液在室温搅拌4h,然后加热至80℃达4h。然后将该反应倾入冰水中,并过滤。收集滤液,经硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩,得到5.1g(85.9%)所需产物,为浅黄色固体。TLC:Rf=0.4(EtOAc:己烷,1:9),UV活性。
中间体14b:2,5-二羟基-4-甲基苯甲醛
在圆底烧瓶中将中间体14a(1.2g,6.6mmol)溶于8mL DCM中。将该溶液冷却至-78℃,并加入1M在DCM中的三溴化硼(33.3mL,33.3mmol),并在相同的温度搅拌8h。然后将该反应混合液用5mL水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到1.0g(99%)所需物质,为固体。TLC:Rf=0.3(EtOAc:己烷,1:90),UV活性。
中间体14c:4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苯甲醛
可以使用与用于中间体1a的合成类似的方法从中间体14b制备中间体14c。TLC:Rf=0.8(EtOAc:己烷,2:8),UV活性。
中间体14d:(4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苯基)甲醇
在圆底烧瓶中将中间体14c(2.8g,4.3mmol)溶于25mL甲醇中。在室温分批加入硼氢化钠(328mg,8.6mmol),并将其搅拌。1小时后将反应用10mL水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取(3X)。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩。将粗制的残余物经硅胶使用EtOAc/己烷(30%)作为洗脱剂纯化,得到2.3g(82.1%)所需产物。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.76(s,1H),6.69(s,1H),5.30-5.39(m,8H),4.63(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.95(dd,J=6.4,6.3Hz,2H),3.90(dd,J=6.4,6.3Hz,2H),2.76(dd,J=6.4,6.4Hz,2H),2.21(s,3H),2.08–2.03(m,8H),1.80–1.74(m,4H),1.45–1.25(m,34H),0.88(t,J=6.4,6.4Hz,6H)。
可以使用与实施例3的合成所使用的那些类似的偶联方法从中间体14d制备以下实施例。
实施例14:碳酸3-(二甲基氨基)丙基酯4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.85(s,1H),6.71(s,1H),5.39(tq,J=11.0,5.5,4.4Hz,8H),5.20(s,2H),4.23(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.93(td,J=6.4,4.7Hz,4H),2.80(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.28(br。s,6H),2.23(s,3H),2.15–2.02(m,8H),1.90(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),1.78(ddt,J=11.2,6.1,2.9Hz,4H),1.53–1.43(m,4H),1.43–1.21(m,30H),0.99–0.87(m,6H)。MS(m+1)=780.8,Rt=1.38min(LC方法2)。
实施例15:碳酸4-(二甲基氨基)丁基酯4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯基氧基)苄基酯
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.83(s,1H),6.70(s,1H),5.48-5.26(m,8H),5.18(s,2H),4.17(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.91(dt,J=4.3,6.4Hz,4H),2.78(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.28(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.21(s,9H),2.06(q,J=6.7Hz,8H),1.83-1.65(m,6H),1.55(s,2H),1.45(d,J=5.5Hz,4H),1.41-1.25(m,28H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,6H).。
实施例16:4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.81(s,1H),6.72(s,1H),5.47-5.28(m,8H),5.15(s,2H),3.93(q,J=6.3Hz,4H),2.80(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.53(br。s,6H),2.44(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),2.23(s,3H),2.07(q,J=7.0Hz,8H),1.98(br。s,2H),1.77(td,J=8.8,4.4Hz,4H),1.47(t,J=6.9Hz,4H),1.43-1.20(m,28H),0.91(t,J=6.7Hz,6H)。MS(m+1)=765.0,Rt=1.38min(LC方法3)
实施例17的合成:(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳9,12-二烯酸-2,2’-(2-((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯
中间体17a:(9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯酸3-羟基丙基酯
在圆底烧瓶中将亚油酸(3.0g,10.7mmol)溶于乙二醇(15mL)中。加入HOBT(2.5,16.1mmol)和EDC(3.1g,16.1mmol),随后加入TEA(4.5mL,32.1mmol)和DMAP(653mg,5.4mmol),并将该反应混合液在室温搅拌。18小时后将该反应混合液用DCM和水稀释。将有机层分离,用盐水洗涤,并经硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩,得到所需产物2.46g(67.8%),为无色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:5.41–5.23(m,4H),4.18(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.64(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),2.72(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.25(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.00(q,J=6.7Hz,4H),1.88–1.75(m,2H),1.58(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.39–1.15(m,14H),0.84(td,J=6.9,3.5Hz,3H)。
中间体17b:(9Z,9'Z,12Z,12'Z)-双-十八碳-9,12-二烯酸2,2'-(5-甲酰基-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯
在圆底烧瓶中将中间体17a(1.0g,3.08mmol)、2,5-二羟基苯甲醛(213mg,1.54mmol)和三苯基膦(0.849g,3.24mmol)溶于12.5mL THF中。然后加入DIAD(0.849mL,3.24mmol)。将该反应混合液在室温搅拌3天,在减压下在Celite上直接浓缩,随后在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶柱色谱使用EtOAc/庚烷(10至20%)作为洗脱剂纯化,得到71.4mg(3.1%)所需产物,为浅黄色油状物。
中间体17c:(9Z,9'Z,12Z,12'Z)-双-十八碳-9,12-二烯酸2,2'-(2-(羟基甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯
在圆底烧瓶中将中间体17b(71.4mg,0.095mmol)在氮气下溶于2mL乙醇中。一次性加入硼氢化钠(5.39mg,0.143mmol),并在室温搅拌。30分钟后将反应用乙酸淬灭,用水稀释,并萃取至DCM中(3X)。将有机层合并,经硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩,得到57.1mg(80%)所需产物,为澄清的油状物。
实施例17:(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳9,12-二烯酸-2,2’-(2-((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯
在反应小瓶中,将中间体17c溶于DCM中。加入HATU和二甲胺,随后加入TEA和DMAP。将该反应混合液在室温搅拌。18小时后,将该反应混合液用DCM和水稀释。将有机层分离,用盐水洗涤,并经硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩。将粗制的残余物经制备型HPLC纯化,(TFA改性剂)。然后将纯度富集产物在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用MeOH/DCM(0至10%)洗脱纯化。将回收物质在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用MeOH/DCM(0%至3%、然后至8%)洗脱再次纯化,得到11.6mg(17.6%)分离的所需产物,为澄清的油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.94(s,1H),6.83(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),5.31-5.45(m,8H),5.17(s,2H),4.40(t,J=4.8Hz,4H),4.09-4.23(m,4H),2.79(t,J=6.1Hz,4H),2.61(s,2H),2.44-2.51(m,2H),2.30-2.39(m,4H),2.18(s,6H),2.01-2.12(m,8H),1.92(quin,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.57-1.73(m,6H),1.23-1.45(m,26H),0.91(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)。MS(m+1)=866.5,Rt=1.22min(LC方法1)。
实施例18的合成:(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳9,12-二烯酸2,2’-(2-((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯
中间体18a:(9Z,12Z)-十六碳-9,12-二烯酸4-羟基丁基酯
在圆底烧瓶中,将亚油酸(5.0g,17.83mmol)、丁二醇(64.3g,713mmol)、EDC(3.42g,17.83mmol)、DIPEA(3.11ml,17.83mmol)和DMAP(0.163g,1.337mmol)的混合物在40℃搅拌过夜(维持丁二醇为液体所需要的高温)。18小时后,将该反应冷却至室温,并用DCM和水稀释。将有机层分离,用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,并减压浓缩。将粗制的混合物干加载至Celite上,并在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用EtOAc/庚烷(20%至50%)洗脱纯化,得到所需物质3.37g(58.3%),为澄清的油状物。
中间体18b:(9Z,9'Z,12Z,12'Z)-双-十八碳-9,12-二烯酸((2-甲酰基-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丁烷-4,1-二基)酯
在圆底烧瓶中将2,5-二羟基苯甲醛(100mg,0.724mmol)、中间体18a(517mg,1.593mmol)和PPh3(399mg,1.520mmol)溶于10.5mL THF中。加入DIAD(0.296mL,1.520mmol),并将该反应在室温搅拌。18小时后,将该粗制的反应混合液在减压下在Celite上浓缩,用于在ISCO纯化系统上经硅胶色谱用(EtOAc/庚烷(0至40%))洗脱纯化,得到86.4mg(14.8%)所需产物,为黄色油状物。
中间体18c:(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳-9,12-二烯酸((2-(羟基甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丁烷-4,1-二基)酯
在反应小瓶中将中间体18b(86.4mg,0.107mmol)溶于0.5mL MeOH中。加入硼氢化钠(4.86mg,0.128mmol),并将该反应混合液在室温搅拌。1小时后,将反应通过加入乙酸淬灭并减压浓缩。将粗制的物质再溶于DCM中,然后过滤,并减压浓缩,得到85mg(98%)所需产物,为无色油状物。
以下实施例能使用与实施例17的合成所使用的那些类似的偶联方法用中间体18c制备。
实施例18:(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳9,12-二烯酸-2,2’-(2-((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:6.88(t,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.77(d,J=1.7Hz,2H),5.46-5.25(m,8H),5.14(s,2H),4.13(h,J=2.4Hz,4H),3.94(dt,J=9.2,5.3Hz,4H),2.77(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.44(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.35(s,6H),2.32-2.25(m,4H),2.04(q,J=6.9Hz,8H),1.91(s,2H),1.81(dq,J=8.3,5.0,4.1Hz,8H),1.67-1.56(m,4H),1.40-1.23(m,30H),0.89(t,J=6.7Hz,6H)。MS(m+1)=922.9,Rt=1.29min(LC方法3)。
实施例19的合成:4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,4-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯基氧基)苄基酯
中间体19a:2,4-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苯甲醛
可以使用类似于中间体1a的方法使用2,4-二羟基苯甲醛作为原料制备。TLC:Rf=0.8(EtOAc:己烷,2:8),UV活性。
中间体19b:(2,4-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苯基)甲醇
可以使用与中间体1b类似的方法使用中间体19a作为原料制备。TLC:Rf=0.5(EtOAc:己烷,2:8),UV活性。
实施例19:4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,4-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯基氧基)苄基酯
在圆底烧瓶中将中间体19b(2.2g,3.5mmol)溶于30mL DCM中。滴加EDCI.HCl(1.98g,10.38mmol),随后依次滴加4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸(1.74g,10.4mmol)、DIPEA(2.7g,20.75mmol)和DMAP(84mg,0.70mmol)。将该反应混合液在室温搅拌14h。然后将该反应混合液萃取至EtOAc中。将有机层减压浓缩,并将粗制的残余物经硅胶柱色谱用MeOH/DCM(5%)梯度洗脱纯化,得到所需产物0.90g(34.3%),为黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ:7.20(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.40-6.50(m,2H),5.29-5.47(m,8H),5.12(s,2H),3.96(td,J=6.4,2.8Hz,4H),2.80(t,J=6.3Hz,4H),2.32-2.45(m,4H),2.20-2.31(m,6H),2.07(q,J=6.6Hz,8H),1.68-1.92(m,6H),1.43-1.57(m,4H),1.19-1.43(m,28H),0.91(t,J=7.1Hz,6H)。MS(m+1)=750.5,Rt=1.19min(LC方法1)。
实施例20的合成:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丙烷-3,1-二基)酯
中间体20a:甲磺酸3-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)丙基酯
在0℃向3-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)丙-1-醇(2g,10.51mmol)和三乙胺(2.2ml,15.77mmol)在30ml DCM中的溶液中缓慢滴加甲磺酰氯(1ml,12.62mmol)。使该反应混合液在30℃搅拌30min。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用50ml水淬灭,并用DCM(2x50ml)萃取。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到2.7g(96%收率)淡棕色液体。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.5。
中间体20b:2,5-双(3-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)丙氧基)苯甲醛
向K2CO3(1.67g,12.08mmol)在20ml DMF中的混悬液中加入2,5-二羟基苯甲醛(556mg,4.02mmol)和中间体20a(2.7g,10.07mmol),随后加入四丁基碘化铵(200mg,催化)。将该反应混合液加热至100℃达3h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用50ml水淬灭,并用(3x50ml)EtOAc萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到淡棕色液体。将产物经快速色谱(硅胶(230-400目))纯化。将产物在5%在己烷中的EtOAc洗脱,得到1.6g(82%收率)淡棕色液体。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.9。
中间体20c:2,5-双(3-羟基丙氧基)苯甲醛
在0℃向中间体20b(500mg,1.03mmol)在5ml干燥的THF中的溶液中加入1M在THF中的TBAF(4.1ml,4.14mmol),并在相同的温度搅拌1h,然后使其在30℃搅拌1h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用20ml水淬灭,并用EtOAc(3x50ml)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到250mg浅黄色液体。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.3。
中间体20d:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-甲酰基-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丙烷-3,1-二基)酯
向中间体20c(250mg,0.98mmol)和4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸(746mg,2.16mmol)在10ml DMF中的溶液中加入DIPEA(0.7ml,3.92mmol),DMAP(60mg,0.49mmol),随后加入HATU(930mg,2.45mmol),并在30℃搅拌24h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用50ml水淬灭,并用EtOAc萃取(3x50ml)。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到浅黄色色液体。将产物经快速色谱(硅胶230-400目)纯化。将产物在20%在己烷中的EtOAc洗脱,得到500mg(56%收率)浅黄色液体。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.4。
中间体20e:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(羟基甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丙烷-3,1-二基)酯
在0℃向中间体20d(500mg,0.551mmol)在5.5ml甲醇和2ml THF中的溶液中加入硼氢化钠(13mg,0.341mmol),并搅拌5min。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用10ml水淬灭,并用EtOAc(3x30ml)萃取。将合并的有机层用30ml盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到所需产物,450mg(89%收率),为无色液体。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.3。
实施例20:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丙烷-3,1-二基)酯
向中间体20e(190mg,0.20mmol)、4-二甲基氨基丁酸盐酸盐(70mg,0.41mmol)和DIPEA(0.12ml,0.83mmol)在DCM(7ml)中的溶液中加入EDC.HCl(80mg,0.41mmol),随后加入DMAP(51mg,0.41mmol)。将该反应混合物在30℃搅拌20h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用20ml水淬灭,并用DCM萃取(3x50ml)。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到粗制的固体。将产物经快速色谱(硅胶(230-400目))纯化。将产物在4%在DCM中的甲醇洗脱,得到140mg(65%收率),为黄色的粘稠液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.89(s,1H),6.77(s,2H),5.13(s,2H),4.48(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.28(t,J=6.4Hz,4H),4.00(q,J=6.0Hz,4H),3.57(q,J=6.8Hz,4H),3.40(q,J=6.4Hz,4H),2.43–1.81(m,26H),1.56-1.49(m,12H),1.49-1.26(m,34H),0.87(t,J=6.4Hz,12H)ppm。MS(m+1)=1022.5,Rt=1.17min(LC方法4)。
实施例21的合成:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
中间体21a:2,5-双((5-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)戊基)氧基)苯甲醛
可以使用与中间体20b的合成所使用的类似的方法从2,5-二羟基苯甲醛和甲磺酸5-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)戊基酯制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.9。
中间体21b:2,5-双((5-羟基戊基)氧基)苯甲醛
可以使用与中间体20c的合成所使用的类似的方法从2,5-双((5-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)戊基)氧基)苯甲醛(中间体21a)制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(8:2):Rf=0.1。
中间体21c:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-甲酰基-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
可以使用与中间体20d的合成所使用的类似的方法从2,5-双((5-羟基戊基)氧基)苯甲醛(中间体21b)和4-二甲基氨基丁酸制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.4。
中间体21d:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(羟基甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
可以使用与中间体20e的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体21c制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.3。
实施例21:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
向中间体21d、4-二甲基氨基丁酸盐酸盐(104mg,0.62mmol)和DIPEA(0.2ml,1.24mmol)在DCM(10ml)中的溶液中加入EDC.HCl(119mg,0.62mmol),随后加入DMAP(76mg,0.62mmol)。将该反应混合液在30℃搅拌16h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用20ml水淬灭,并用DCM萃取(3x50ml)。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到粗制的固体。将产物经快速色谱(硅胶(230-400目))纯化。将产物在4%在DCM中的甲醇洗脱,得到180mg(54%收率)浅黄色粘稠液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.89(s,1H),6.77(s,2H),5.13(s,2H),4.49(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.09(t,J=6Hz,4H),3.90(q,J=4Hz,4H),3.57(q,J=6.8Hz,4H),3.41(q,J=6.4Hz,4H),2.40–2.22(m,8H),2.00(s,6H),1.95-1.66(m,30H),1.50-1.27(m,37H),0.87(t,J=6.4Hz,11H)ppm。MS(m+1)=1078.6,Rt=1.20min(LC方法4)。
实施例22的合成:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二乙基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
中间体22a:4-(二乙基氨基)丁酸甲酯
在500ml密封管中将4-溴丁酸甲酯(30.0g,165.7mmol)溶于干燥的THF(200ml)中。加入二乙胺(86ml,828.7mmol)。将得到的混合液在70℃搅拌16h,并通过TLC监测。然后将该反应混合液用水(200ml)稀释,用EtOAc萃取(2x500ml)。将合并的有机层用盐水(500ml)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到25g(87%收率)所需产物,为淡棕色液体。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(3:7),Rf=0.2,碘&PMA染色活性。
中间体22b:2:4-(二乙基氨基)丁酸
在圆底烧瓶中将中间体22a(25.0g,144.4mmol)和6N HCl(200ml)的混合液加热,并回流7h。通过TLC监测反应。然后将该反应混合液蒸发,并干燥,得到26g(92%收率)所需产物,为白色固体。TLC:甲醇:二氯甲烷(1:9),Rf=0.13,碘&PMA染色活性。
实施例22:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二乙基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
在圆底烧瓶中,将中间体21d(190mg,0.196mmol)、中间体22b(0.581g,4.75mmol)和DIPEA(0.15ml,0.784mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10ml)中。一次性加入EDC(75mg,0.393mmol),随后加入DMAP(48mg,0.393mmol)。将该反应混合液在环境温度搅拌16h,并通过TLC监测。将该反应混合液用20ml水淬灭,并用DCM萃取(3x50ml)。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到固体粗品。将产物经快速色谱(硅胶,230-400目)使用甲醇/二氯甲烷(4%)作为洗脱剂纯化,得到140mg(64%收率)所需产物,为浅黄色粘稠液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=0.82(t,J=7.10Hz,12H)0.85-1.00(m,6H)1.09-1.32(m,40H)1.37-1.55(m,12H)1.58-1.67(m,4H)1.67-1.78(m,6H)1.79-1.93(m,4H)2.24-2.52(m,12H)3.33(dt,J=9.26,6.68Hz,4H)3.50(dt,J=9.05,6.72Hz,4H)3.78-3.91(m,4H)3.95-4.07(m,4H)4.42(t,J=5.62Hz,2H)5.07(s,2H)6.70(d,J=1.71Hz,2H)6.82(s,1H)。MS(m+1)=1107.9,Rt=2.98min(LC方法5)。
实施例23:双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
在30℃向1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-甲酸(120mg,0.76mmol)和NEt3(0.3mL,2.03mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液中缓慢加入2,4,6-三氯苯甲酰氯(185mg,0.76mmol),并搅拌4h。该时间后,加入在DCM(5mL)中的中间体21d(490mg,0.51mmol)和DMAP(124mg,1.01mmol),并将该反应混合液搅拌20h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用H2O(20mL)淬灭,并用DCM萃取(3x50mL)。将合并的有机层经硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥,得到固体粗品。将产物经快速色谱纯化(硅胶(230–400目))。将产物在4%在DCM中的甲醇洗脱,得到430mg(77%收率)标题化合物,为浅黄色粘稠液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):δ=6.86(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.75–6.83(m,2H),5.12(s,2H),4.45(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.07(t,J=6.7Hz,4H),3.87–3.96(m,4H),3.54(dt,J=9.3,6.7Hz,4H),3.38(dt,J=9.3,6.7Hz,4H),2.59(br s,2H),2.35(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),2.03–2.29(m,7H),1.83–1.92(m,4H),1.73–1.83(m,4H),1.64–1.74(m,4H),1.44–1.60(m,13H),1.18–1.38(m,41H),1.21(s,3H),0.84–0.93(m,12H)。MS(m+1)=1105.2,Rt=1.34min(LC方法6)。
实施例24的合成:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-(((4(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯
中间体24a:癸酸8-(2-甲酰基-4-羟基苯氧基)辛基酯
可以使用与中间体20b的合成所使用的类似的方法从2,5-二羟基苯甲醛和癸酸8-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)辛基酯制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.9。
中间体24b:癸酸8-(4-((5-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-甲酰基苯氧基)辛基酯
可以使用与中间体20b的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体24a和甲磺酸5-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)戊基酯制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.6。
中间体24c:癸酸8-(2-甲酰基-4-((5-羟基戊基)氧基)苯氧基)辛基酯
可以使用与中间体20c的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体24b制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(8:2):Rf=0.2。
中间体24d:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-甲酰基苯氧基)辛基酯
可以使用与中间体20d的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体24c制备。TLC:甲醇:DCM(1:9):Rf=0.5。
中间体24e:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-(羟基甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯
可以使用与中间体20e的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体24d制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.4。
实施例24:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-(((4(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯
向中间体24e(1.2g,1.43mmol)在DCM(30ml)中的溶液中加入EDC.HCl(550mg,2.87mmol)、DIPEA(0.75ml,4.31mmol)、DMAP(175mg,1.43mmol)和N,N-二甲基氨基丁酸.HCl(361mg,2.15mmol)。在氮气气氛下将该混合液在25℃搅拌18h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用水(200ml)稀释,用DCM(2x150ml)萃取,将合并的有机层用盐水(100ml)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到浅绿色液体。将产物经快速色谱纯化(硅胶230-400目)。将产物在5%在DCM中的甲醇洗脱,得到550mg(42%收率)浅绿色液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.88(s,1H),6.77(s,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.49(t,J=4Hz,1H),4.11-4.04(m,4H),3.92-3.89(m,4H),3.57(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.41(q,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.40(q,J=8Hz,4H),2.30(m,4H),2.17(s,6H),1.95-1.41(m,24H),1.48-1.26(m,37H),0.87(t,J=6.4Hz,8H)ppm。MS(m+1)=948.4,Rt=1.10min(LC方法4)。
实施例25的合成:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-3-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯
中间体25a:2-((5-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-5-羟基苯甲醛
可以使用与中间体20b的合成所使用的类似的方法从2,5-二羟基苯甲醛和甲磺酸5-((叔丁基二甲基硅烷基)氧基)戊基酯制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.9。
中间体25b:癸酸8-(3-甲酰基-4-((5-羟基戊基)氧基)苯氧基)辛基酯
向中间体25a在DMF(40ml)中的溶液中加入癸酸8-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)辛基酯(3.3g,8.86mmol)和K2CO3(1.6g,11.81mmol),随后加入TBAI(500mg,0.74mmol),并在氮气气氛下加热至100℃达3h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用水(100ml)稀释,用EtOAc萃取(2x150ml),将合并的有机层用盐水(200ml)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到淡棕色液体。将产物经快速色谱纯化(硅胶100-200目)。将产物在20%在己烷中的EtOAc洗脱,得到1.2g(41%收率)米白色固体。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.6。
中间体25c:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-3-甲酰基苯氧基)辛基酯
向中间体25b(300mg,0.59mmol)在DCM(20ml)中的溶液中加入4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸(305mg,0.88mmol)、EDC.HCl(227mg,1.18mmol)、DIPEA(0.31ml,1.77mmol),随后加入DMAP(72mg,0.59mmol),并在25℃在氮气气氛下搅拌18h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将反应混合液用水(100ml)稀释,用DCM萃取(2x50ml),将合并的有机层用盐水(100ml)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到浅绿色液体。将产物经快速色谱纯化(硅胶230-400目)。将产物在5%在DCM中的甲醇洗脱,得到300mg(61%收率)浅绿色液体。TLC:MeOH:DCM(1:9):Rf=0.5。
中间体25d:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-3-(羟基甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯
可以使用与中间体20e的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体25c制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.4。
实施例25:癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-3-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯
向中间体25d(0.3g,0.359mmol)在DCM(10ml)中的溶液中加入EDC.HCl(137.7mg,0.718mmol)、DIPEA(0.18ml,1.07mmol)、DMAP(43.8mg,0.359mmol)和N,N-二甲基氨基丁酸.HCl(90.3mg,0.538mmol)。将该混合液在25℃搅拌18h。在氮气气氛下。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用水(200ml)稀释,用DCM萃取(2x150ml),将合并的有机层用盐水(100ml)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,得到浅绿色液体。将产物经快速色谱纯化(硅胶230-400目)。将产物用5%在DCM中的甲醇洗脱,得到150mg(44%收率)浅绿色液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ6.89(s,1H),6.77(s,2H),5.14(s,2H),4.48(t,J=4Hz,1H),4.10-4.04(m,4H),3.94-3.87(m,4H),3.55(q,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.41(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.40(q,J=7.6Hz,4H),2.29(m,4H),2.21(s,6H),1.95-1.43(m,24H),1.49-1.26(m,37H),0.86(t,J=6.4Hz,8H)ppm。MS(m+1)=948.4,Rt=1.09min(LC方法4)。
实施例26的合成:双癸酸((4-(((1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
中间体26a:癸酸8-羟基辛基酯
中间体26a可以使用与中间体17a的合成所使用的类似的方法从癸酸和1,8-辛二醇制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(4:6):Rf=0.6。
中间体26b:癸酸8-((甲基磺酰基)氧基)辛基酯
中间体26b可以使用与中间体20a的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体26a制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.5。
中间体26c:双癸酸((4-甲酰基-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
中间体26c可以使用与中间体20b的合成所使用的类似的方法从中间体26b制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.6。
中间体26d:双癸酸((4-(羟基甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
中间体26d可以使用与中间体20e的合成所使用的类似的方法用中间体26c制备。TLC:EtOAc:己烷(2:8):Rf=0.4。
实施例26:双癸酸((4-(((1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
向1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-甲酸(167mg,1.06mmol)在DCM(15ml)中的冷的溶液中加入三乙胺(0.40ml,2.83mmol),随后加入2,4,6-三氟苯甲酰氯(0.17ml,1.06mmol),并在25℃在氮气气氛下搅拌2h。该时间后,加入在DCM(5ml)中的中间体26d(500mg,0.70mmol),并将得到的反应混合液在25℃再搅拌2h。通过TLC监测反应过程。将该反应混合液用水(100ml)稀释,用DCM萃取(2x50ml),将合并的有机层用盐水(100ml)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并减压浓缩,,得到浅绿色液体。将产物经快速色谱纯化(硅胶230-400目)。将产物在5%在DCM中的甲醇洗脱,得到510mg(85%收率)浅绿色液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.17(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.41(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),5.07(s,2H),4.03(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),3.91(t,J=6Hz,4H),2.62(bs,2H),2.282-2.231(m,7H),2.18-2.06(m,4H),1.78-1.11(m,57H),0.84(t,J=6.8Hz,6H)ppm。MS(m+1)=844.3,Rt=1.02min(LC方法4)。
实施例27和实施例28可以使用与实施例26的合成所使用的那些类似的偶联方法用适合的羧酸偶联搭档来制备:
实施例27:双癸酸((4-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.21(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),6.41–6.47(m,2H),5.10(s,2H),4.07(td,J=6.7,0.9Hz,4H),3.95(t,J=6.5Hz,4H),2.36(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.30(t,J=7.6Hz,6H),2.22(s,6H),1.73–1.86(m,6H),1.58–1.69(m,8H),1.41–1.51(m,4H),1.33–1.41(m,12H),1.19–1.33(m,24H),0.85–0.92(m,6H)。MS(m+1)=818.6,Rt=1.02min(LC方法6)。
实施例28:双癸酸((4-(((4-(二乙基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.17–7.24(m,1H),6.40–6.47(m,2H),5.10(s,2H),4.07(td,J=6.7,1.2Hz,4H),3.94(td,J=6.5,1.1Hz,4H),2.33–2.87(br s,6H),2.37(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.30(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.71–1.93(m,6H),1.55–1.70(m,8H),1.41–1.52(m,4H),1.33–1.41(m,12H),1.19–1.33(m,24H),0.96–1.19(br s,6H),0.83–0.93(m,6H)。MS(m+1)=846.6,Rt=1.03min(LC方法6)。
mRNA’s
mRNA转录方案简述
构建环形质粒DNA模板,其包含由下列特征构成的mRNA转录盒(transcriptioncassette):共有的T7噬菌体DNA-依赖性RNA聚合酶启动子,5’未翻译区(UTR),Kozak序列和开放阅读框,3’UTR和120个核苷酸长度的多聚腺苷(polyA120)尾。将该质粒DNA模板在大肠杆菌中繁殖、分离并通过限制性酶就在对poly120尾的3’端消化而线性化(linearized)。将质粒DNA与T7 RNA聚合酶、核糖核苷酸、三磷酸盐、RNase抑制剂、焦磷酸酶、二硫苏糖醇、亚精胺和酶反应缓冲液混合,于37℃温育1小时。加入DNase I酶以消化质粒DNA模板,于37℃温育0.5小时。按顺序通过氯化锂沉淀、将沉淀在70%乙醇中洗涤、再将mRNA悬浮于水中、用异丙醇和乙酸钠再沉淀并将沉淀在70%乙醇中再次洗涤,分离mRNA。将最终的mRNA沉淀再次悬浮于水中。
TEV-hLeptin-GAopt-2xhBG-120A(序列号:5)
序列特征:
烟草蚀纹病毒(Tobacco Etch Virus)(TEV)5’UTR:14-154
最佳Kozak序列:155-163
蛋白登记号NP_000221的编码人瘦蛋白的氨基酸1-167,通过GeneArt优化的序列密码子:164-664
2终止密码子:665-670
人β-球蛋白3’UTR的2个副本:689-954
120个核苷酸的polyA尾端:961-1080
生物学评价
mRNA的包装:
所有的设备和一次性用品均由生产商证明无RNase活性,或者通过使用RNaseZap试剂(LifeTechnologies)使其无RNase。mRNA以阳离子脂质胺与mRNA磷酸盐(N:P)摩尔比为4:1包封。将脂质(阳离子脂质、DSPC、胆固醇和脂质化(lipidated)PEG或隐形脂质)溶于乙醇。摩尔比分别为40:10:38:2。将混合物简单超声,然后轻轻搅拌5分钟,随后于37℃保存直到使用。采用Amicon Ultra-15离心浓缩器将mRNA交换到柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 5.8-6.0)中,将终浓度调节至0.5mg/ml,于37℃保存直到使用。将等体积的在乙醇中的脂质、在柠檬酸盐缓冲液中的mRNA和单独的柠檬酸盐缓冲液抽取到各一次性注射器中。将从含有脂质和mRNA的注射器连接的管子与T型三头接头连接,将从仅含有柠檬酸盐缓冲液的注射器连接的管子与T型接头的出口管相匹配(paired),下面连接有含有搅拌棒的收集容器,置于活动搅拌盘上。将注射器置于注射泵中,设定为以每分钟1mL的流速泵出内容物。
将泵启动,将收集的脂质纳米颗粒中的mRNA转移至SnakeSkin透析管(10,000MWCO,Thermo Scientific)中。于4℃将物质对无RNAse和无热原的1×磷酸盐缓冲的生理盐水透析过夜。
siRNA的包装
通过冲击射流工艺,将等体积的溶于醇的脂质和溶于柠檬酸缓冲液的siRNA混合,形成脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)。脂质溶液含有本发明的阳离子脂质化合物、辅助脂质(胆固醇)、任选的中性脂质(DSPC)和隐形脂质(S010、S024、S027或S031),其浓度为8-16mg/mL醇,优选12mg/mL醇。siRNA与总脂质的比例约为0.05(wt/wt)。当LNP配制物含有四种脂质成分时,脂质的摩尔比的范围为:阳离子脂质的摩尔百分浓度范围为20-70,优选40-60;辅助脂质的摩尔百分浓度范围为20-70,优选30-50;中性脂质摩尔百分浓度范围为0-30;PEG脂质的摩尔百分浓度范围为1-6,优选2-5。siRNA溶液在柠檬酸钠:氯化钠缓冲液中的浓度范围为0.7-1.0mg/mL,优选为0.8-0.9mg/mL,缓冲液的pH为4-6,优选为4.5-5.5。通过冲击射流工艺,采用ID范围为0.25-2.0mm、流速为10-640mL/min的混合设备,将等体积的脂质乙醇溶液和溶于柠檬酸缓冲液的siRNA混合,形成LNP。将混合的LNP溶液置于室温下0-24小时,随后进行稀释步骤。然后将溶液浓缩,采用超滤工艺,采用MW截留(cutoff)为30-500KD的膜,与适当的缓冲液一起渗滤。将终产物无菌过滤并于4℃储存。
mRNA包封的测定:
采用Quant-iT Ribogreen RNA分析试剂盒(Life Technologies)测定mRNA在脂质纳米颗粒中的包封百分率。将LNP-mRNA悬浮液在缓冲液(颗粒外mRNA)和缓冲液加TritonX-100去垢剂(总mRNA)中进行试验。计算的差即为颗粒内mRNA。通过试剂盒中提供的RNA制备1000ng/mL储备液,并用其建立TE和TE+0.75%Triton X-100中的标准曲线(分别为0ng/ml、15.63-1000ng/ml)。以适当的稀释度制备TE缓冲液和TE缓冲液+0.75%Triton X-100中的LNP-mRNA样品,该稀释度应当使得读数位于标准曲线的范围内(400-2,000倍)。在384孔板(未经处理的Costar#3573)中,每个孔中加入0.04mL标准(一式二份)或样品(一式三份)。将Ribogreen试剂在TE缓冲液中稀释240倍,每个孔中加入0.06mL。将各个孔的内容物混合,测定荧光(激发光=480nm,发射光=520nm)。从标准和测试样品值中扣除背景值(没有RNA),采用标准曲线测定样品中RNA的浓度。通过(样品+Triton的浓度与样品在单独缓冲液中的浓度的差)除以(样品+Triton浓度)测定样品的包封百分比。
包封数据
表2:mRNA的体外包封数据
免疫数据
1.材料和方法
RNA复制子
以下采用多种复制子。总体上它们基于以委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(VEEV)为基础的嵌合复制子(VCR),其是杂交甲病毒属基因组,具有来自VEEV的非结构蛋白、来自辛德毕斯病毒的包装信号和来自辛德毕斯病毒3'UTR。此外,我们使用基于VEE活减毒疫苗病毒TC-83的复制子。所述复制子长度约10kb,并有poly-A尾。
将编码甲病毒属复制子的质粒DNA(称为:vA375(TC83R-FLFPD.RSVF-run off)或vA803[VCR(ro)-X179A(TD)_HA])作为模板来体外合成RNA。该复制子包含RNA复制所需的甲病毒属遗传元件但缺少编码颗粒组装所需的基因产物的序列;结构蛋白被感兴趣的蛋白质(例如,免疫原,如全长RSV F蛋白)取代,因此该复制子不能诱导感染颗粒的产生。甲病毒属cDNA上游的噬菌体T7启动子促进该复制子RNA体外合成。质粒DNA用合适的限制性内切核酸酶线性化后,用T7噬菌体来源的DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶体外合成失控转录物。按照生产商(安碧公司(Ambion))提供的说明书,在7.5mM的各个三磷酸核苷(ATP、CTP、GTP和UTP)的存在下在37℃进行2小时的转录。转录后,用TURBO DNA酶(Ambion)消化模板DNA。用LiCl沉淀所述复制子RNA并在无核酸酶的水中重新配制。如用户手册所述,未加帽的RNA在转录后通过牛痘加帽酶(VCE)使用ScriptCap m7G加帽系统(ScriptCap m7G Capping System)(Epicentre Biotechnologies)加帽;以这种方式加帽的复制子加上前缀“v”,例如vA317是由VCE加帽的A317复制子。转录后加帽的RNA用LiCl沉淀并在无核酸酶的水中重新配制。通过测量OD260nm来测定RNA样品浓度。体外转录本的完整性通过变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳证实。
基于DlinDMA的LNP的制备
将RNA包封于通过Jeffs等人(2005)Pharmaceutical Research 22(3):362-372和Maurer等人(2001)Biophysical Journal,80:2310-2326的方法所制备的LNP中。所述LNP由10%DSPC(两性离子)、40%阳离子脂质、48%胆固醇和2%与PEG偶联的DMG(2kDa PEG)构成。这些比例指总LNP中的%摩尔。
DSPC(1,2-双硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱)购自Genzyme。胆固醇购自Sigma-Aldrich。PEG缀合的DMG(1,2-二肉豆蔻酰-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基(聚乙二醇),铵盐)、DOTAP(1,2-二油酰基-3-三甲基铵-丙烷,盐酸盐)和DC-chol(3β-[N-(N',N'-二甲基氨基乙烷)-氨基甲酰基]胆固醇盐酸盐来自Avanti Polar Lipids。
简言之,将脂质溶于乙醇(2ml)中,将RNA复制子溶于缓冲液(2ml,100mM柠檬酸钠,pH6),将这些与2ml缓冲液混合,随后平衡1小时。然后将该混合液用1x PBS透析(dialized)过夜。所得的产物含有脂质体,包封效率~70-95%。
对于雪貂中的免疫,通过将22.5mg实施例1、5.9mg DSPC、13.9mg胆固醇和4.0mgPEG2000缀合的DMPE(cat#880150P,Avanti Polar Lipids,Inc.)溶于10ml乙醇中制备新鲜工作溶液。还以在100mM柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 6)中0.125mg/ml的浓度制备10mL的RNA工作溶液。将工作脂质和RNA溶液在37℃下加热5分钟,然后装入两个10cc鲁尔注射器中。随后,使用FEP管(氟化乙烯-丙烯;使用的所有FEP管具有2mm内径和3mm外径;从Idex HealthScience获得)将两个注射器连接到Tee混合器(PEEKTM500μm ID接头)。来自T混合器的出口也单独是FEP管,将10mL柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH 6)装载在第三个10cc注射器中,该注射器连接到一个单独的管上。将所有三个注射器装载在注射泵上并以1.0ml/min驱动。安置管出口,以将混合物收集在20mL玻璃小瓶中,使用搅拌棒轻轻搅拌。将所有玻璃小瓶在250℃下烘烤12小时,然后进行实验以完全灭活任何RNase污染物。在混合结束时,取出搅拌棒,使该乙醇/水溶液平衡至室温达1小时。孵育后,将该乙醇/水溶液装入注射器中,并使用上述Tee连接方法与等体积的100mM柠檬酸缓冲液(pH 6)混合。接下来,将LNP浓缩至20mL,并通过切向流过滤在10-15体积的1X PBS中透析,然后回收最终产物。TFF系统和中空纤维过滤膜购自Spectrum Labs(rancho Dominguez),并根据制造商指南使用。使用具有100kD截留孔径和8cm2表面积的聚砜中空纤维过滤膜。对于体外和体内实验,将配制物用1X PBS稀释至所需的RNA浓度。
RNA复制子的包封效率
被包封的RNA百分比及RNA浓度用Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA试剂盒(Invitrogen)来确定,按生产商的说明进行操作。用试剂盒中提供的核糖体RNA标准品制作标准曲线。将LNP用1X TE缓冲液(试剂盒中提供)稀释10倍或100倍,随后加入染料。加入染料前,另行将脂质体用含有0.5%TritonX的1XTE缓冲液稀释10倍或100倍(以破碎LNP,分析总RNA量)。此后每份溶液中加入等量的染料,加好染料的溶液每份取约180μL加载到96孔组织培养板中,每个样做两个平行孔。在微孔读板器上读取荧光(Ex485nm,Em528nm)。所有LNP配制物根据RNA的包封量进行体内施用。
2.脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)配制物的表征
Z平均粒径和多分散指数见表3:
表3
化合物 | Zav(nm) | 多分散性 |
1 | 135.3 | 0.11 |
7 | 100.7 | 0.096 |
9 | 182.6 | 0.369 |
12 | 97.3 | 0.116 |
14 | 127.7 | 0.102 |
15 | 138.8 | 0.210 |
16 | 115.5 | 0.108 |
19 | 133.2 | 0.074 |
3.小鼠模型中的免疫原性(RSV)
在第0天和第21天通过双侧肌肉内接种疫苗(每腿50μL),将编码RSV F蛋白的vA375自我复制型复制子施用于BALB/c小鼠,每组8只动物,复制子(1ng)被配制为具有脂质的如下文所述的LNP。测试的所有LNP由的40%阳离子脂质、10%DSPC、48%胆固醇和2%PEG-DMG组成,具有相似的RNA量。所有LNP都使用相同的技术制备。制备LNP配制物并在4℃下储存用于初始和加强免疫。
在第14、36和49天收集血清用于抗体分析。
如表4所示,如通过增加的F特异性IgG滴度测定,用仅仅1ng的自我复制RNA,测试的LNP配制物产生免疫应答。
表4
4.雪貂模型中的免疫原性(流感)
本研究共使用7组实验组,每组6只动物(42只动物);每个RNA配制物的两种疫苗剂量(组2-5),两组用非佐剂(H1N1亚单位)或佐剂(MF59/H1N1亚单位)的商购的H1N1流感亚单位疫苗接种的组(组6和7)和模拟接种组(组1)。RNA测试疫苗来自携带甲病毒属基因组的重组DNA质粒(pDNA),其中结构基因被来自H1N1流感A菌株Cal07的HA基因替代。然后将RNA配制在阳离子水包油乳剂(CNE)或LNP中,用于通过肌内(IM)注射递送至宿主细胞。各配制物研究组的RNA浓度分别为15和45mcg(用于CNE),5和15mcg(用于LNP)。H1N1亚单位疫苗以15mcg的HA亚单位蛋白质浓度使用。未接种疫苗的动物用RNA测试疫苗的介质对照来模拟疫苗接种。所有测试疫苗通过IM注射在第0研究日(SD)施用,随后在第56研究日(第1次免疫后8周)进行加强免疫接种。
表5总结了流感微量中和(microneutralization)数据,表6为血凝抑制(HAI)滴度。如通过增加的HA特异性中和及HAI滴度所测定,用仅仅5μg的自扩增RNA,测试的LNP配制物产生免疫应答。
表5
表6总结了基于雪貂模型的流感HAI数据:
表6
附录:用于LNP配制物的有用的磷脂
DDPC 1,2-二癸酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DEPA 1,2-二芥酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸盐
DEPC 1,2-芥酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DEPE 1,2-二芥酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基乙醇胺
DEPG 1,2-二芥酰基-sn-甘油基-3[磷脂酰基-rac-(1-丙三醇...)
DLOPC 1,2-亚油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DLPA 1,2-二月硅酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸盐
DLPC 1,2-二月硅酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DLPE 1,2-二月硅酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基乙醇胺
DLPG 1,2-二月硅酰基-sn-甘油基-3[磷脂酰基-rac-(1-丙三醇...)
DLPS 1,2-二月硅酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基丝氨酸
DMG 1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸乙醇胺
DMPA 1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸盐
DMPC 1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DMPE 1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基乙醇胺
DMPG 1,2-肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3[磷脂酰基-rac-(1-丙三醇...)
DMPS 1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基丝氨酸
DOPA 1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸盐
DOPC 1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DOPE 1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基乙醇胺
DOPG 1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油基-3[磷脂酰基-rac-(1-丙三醇...)
DOPS 1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基丝氨酸
DPPA 1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸盐
DPPC 1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DPPE 1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基乙醇胺
DPPG 1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3[磷脂酰基-外消旋-(1-丙三醇...)
DPPS 1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基丝氨酸
DPyPE 1,2-二植烷酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸乙醇胺
DSPA 1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸盐
DSPC 1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
DSPE 1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基乙醇胺
DSPG 1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3[磷脂酰基-外消旋-(1-丙三醇...)
DSPS 1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基丝氨酸
EPC 卵-PC
HEPC 氢化卵PC
HSPC 高纯度氢化大豆PC
HSPC 氢化大豆PC
LYSOPC MYRISTIC 1-肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
LYSOPC PALMITIC 1-棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
LYSOPC STEARIC 1-硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
乳鞘髓磷脂MPPC 1-肉豆蔻酰基,2-棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基3-磷脂酰胆碱
MSPC 1-肉豆蔻酰基,2-硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3–磷脂酰胆碱
PMPC 1-棕榈酰基,2-肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3–磷脂酰胆碱
POPC 1-棕榈酰基,2-油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
POPE 1-棕榈酰基-2-油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰基乙醇胺
POPG 1,2-二油酰基-sn-甘油基-3[磷脂酰基-外消旋-(1-甘油基)...]
PSPC 1-棕榈酰基,2-硬脂酰基-sn-甘油基-3–磷脂酰胆碱
SMPC 1-硬脂酰基,2-肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油基-3–磷脂酰胆碱
SOPC 1-硬脂酰基,2-油酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
SPPC 1-硬脂酰基,2-棕榈酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷脂酰胆碱
Claims (12)
4.根据权利要求1的化合物或其盐,其中化合物选自:
4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
双癸酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((3-(二甲基氨基)丙酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((1-甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-((((3-(二甲基氨基)丙氧基)羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-((((3-(二乙基氨基)丙氧基)羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
碳酸3-(二甲基氨基)丙基酯4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳9,12-二烯酸-2,2’-(2-((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(丁烷-4,1-二基)酯;
碳酸4-(二甲基氨基)丁基酯4-甲基-2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
双癸酸((2-(((1-乙基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((1-异丙基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-((2-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)乙酸基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((2-(((4-(吡咯烷-1-基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
碳酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基)酯;
(9Z,9’Z,12Z,12’Z)-双-十八碳9,12-二烯酸2,2’-(2-((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基)双(乙烷-2,1-二基)酯;
3-(二甲基氨基)丙酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯;
碳酸2,5-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯-1-基氧基)苄基酯(3-(二乙基氨基)丙基)酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二乙基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯
癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-3-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯;
癸酸8-(4-((5-((4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酰基)氧基)戊基)氧基)-2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)苯氧基)辛基酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(丙烷-3,1-二基)酯;
双4,4-双(辛基氧基)丁酸((2-(((1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,4-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(戊烷-5,1-二基)酯;
4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸2,4-双((9Z,12Z)-十八碳-9,12-二烯基氧基)苄基酯;
双癸酸((4-(((1,4-二甲基哌啶-4-羰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;
双癸酸((4-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯;和
双癸酸((4-(((4-(二乙基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)-1,3-亚苯基)双(氧基))双(辛烷-8,1-二基)酯。
5.脂质组合物,其包含根据权利要求1的化合物或其可药用盐。
6.根据权利要求5的脂质组合物,其还包含生物学活性剂。
7.根据权利要求6的脂质组合物,其中生物学活性剂是DNA、siRNA或mRNA。
8.根据权利要求5的脂质组合物,其还包含辅助脂质。
9.根据权利要求8的脂质组合物,其还包含中性脂质。
10.根据权利要求9的脂质组合物,其还包含隐形脂质。
12.根据权利要求5的脂质组合物,其中脂质组合物为脂质纳米颗粒形式。
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