CN107061777B - 调节-或闭锁装置 - Google Patents

调节-或闭锁装置 Download PDF

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CN107061777B
CN107061777B CN201710070566.5A CN201710070566A CN107061777B CN 107061777 B CN107061777 B CN 107061777B CN 201710070566 A CN201710070566 A CN 201710070566A CN 107061777 B CN107061777 B CN 107061777B
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housing
valve seat
regulating
blocking
adjusting
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CN107061777A (zh
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H·赫罗德
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VAG GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/12—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with streamlined valve member around which the fluid flows when the valve is opened
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/54—Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/42—Valve seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F16K3/246—Combination of a sliding valve and a lift valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/30—Details
    • F16K3/312—Line blinds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/30—Details
    • F16K3/314—Forms or constructions of slides; Attachment of the slide to the spindle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/60—Handles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/02—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/08—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level and having a throttling member separate from the closure member, e.g. screens, slots, labyrinths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3436—Pressing means
    • F16J15/3448—Pressing means the pressing force resulting from fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/04—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level, the throttle being incorporated in the closure member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/08—Details
    • F16K5/14—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
    • F16K5/20—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with spherical surfaces
    • F16K5/201—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with spherical surfaces with the housing or parts of the housing mechanically pressing the seal against the plug

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种调节‑或闭锁装置，具有壳体(1)、在壳体(1)内部布置在入口(7)与出口(8)之间的阀座(20；32)、和在壳体(2)中相对于阀座(20；32)可移位地布置的闭锁体(9)。为了减少气穴现象，在壳体(1)中布置有至少一个通向阀座(20；32)的、用于输入压力介质的输入通道(26)。

Description

调节-或闭锁装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种调节-或闭锁装置，其具有壳体、在壳体内部布置在入口与出口之间的阀座、和在壳体中相对于阀座可移位地布置的闭锁体，其中，在壳体中布置有至少一个通向阀座的、用于输入压力介质的输入通道。
背景技术
这种调节-或闭锁装置由US 2,679,856 A已知。该调节-或闭锁装置具有壳体、布置在壳体内部的阀座和布置在壳体内部的并相对于阀座可移位的、用于形成节流位置的封闭体。在壳体中还设有通向阀座的、用于输入压力介质的输入通道。通过纵向槽和径向通道在内部的壳体部件中形成的输入通道通向一个单独的孔，该孔通向阀座下游。
在GB 520 647 A中公开了一种阀，具有布置在壳体内部的阀座和布置在壳体内部的并相对于阀座可移位的封闭体。阀座在此通过两个环形的构件形成，在这两个构件之间限定出环形空间。可以将水通过壳体中的输入管线以及通过环形通道18和径向孔19导入该环形空间中。然而该环形空间通向用于位于关闭位置中的封闭体的阀座下游。
在公开于DE 1 269 136 A中的蒸汽换热阀中，阀座具有相对于阀封闭体同心地放置的蒸汽排出孔，该蒸汽排出孔通过辅助蒸汽管线与放置在阀排出侧的喷射嘴连通。
DE 1 020 642 A公开了一种减压-调节阀，其中，在壳体的收缩位置上设有多个分布在周向上的、用于喷射冷却水的通道。
在由DE 919 570 B已知的减压阀中，在节流位置后面布置有环形喷嘴。
在DE 73 25 078 U中公开了一种具有双壁式流出通道的阀。通过由此形成的环形的空腔将主流通过沿相反方向行进的次流包住。
由DE 712 163已知了一种阀，其中，在阀座中布置有细小的、倾斜的喷雾器通道，用于形成喷雾器。
在用于拦水坝的放水底孔中的调节装置中，为了减小气穴，将空气吸入布置在下游的管线中。这能通过将通风部件安装在调节装置的出口上来实现。由此可以通过节流缝隙上的负压吸入空气，空气提高节流缝隙上的压力并减小气穴倾向。当然，这仅可应用在下游较短的管线中。一旦阀处的背压过于剧烈地上升，则不再有空气被吸入并且因此也不再有气穴被抑制。
在具有小背压的封闭的管线系统中不能采用吸入空气的方法，这是因为空气在此会导致不期望的压力波动。为了在关闭的管线系统中减小气穴，将各种各样的调节部件装入调节装置中，所述调节部件降低压力，降低调节装置内部的流速并且由此最小化气穴的产生。然而通常不能借助于调节部件完全无气穴地降低压差。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，实现一种开头所述类型的调节-或闭锁装置，其能够实现改进的气穴减小。
该目的通过具有下述特征的调节-或闭锁装置实现。
在根据本发明的调节-或闭锁装置中，在壳体中布置有至少一个通向阀座的、用于输入压力介质的输入通道。通过输入通道可以例如将水或另一种具有较高压力的压力介质导向阀座处的节流缝隙。由此可以提高节流缝隙中的压力并减小气穴倾向。至少一个输入通道通向配设有流出孔的、壳体上的阀座环，其中，阀座环的流出孔被布置成，使得该流出孔在闭锁体的关闭位置中通入密闭件的上游。
阀座环适宜地具有与流出孔和至少一个输入通道连通的分配通道。
密闭件可以被布置在壳体上或闭锁体上。
适宜地，流出孔可以沿通流方向或与流过壳体的介质的通流方向成角度地通入/汇入。流出孔可以相对于阀座环对称或不对称地布置。
至少一个输入通道优选地通过管线与壳体的入口侧的分支孔连接。由此可以在较高压力的位置提取流过调节-或闭锁装置的介质并通过管线导向较低压力的区域。管线可以是独立的和能通过螺栓或类似物固定在壳体上的、旁通管线类型的构件。由此可以简单地维护并根据需要更换管线。但是管线也可以被内置在壳体中。
闭锁体可以设计为具有可轴向移动的封闭套的封闭活塞的形式。闭锁体也可以包含盘形的封闭板。
根据本发明的调节-或闭锁装置可以设计为基本构造形式的“滑阀”，也可以设计为根据DIN EN 734-1的构造形式的“阀”。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点由对优选实施例的下面的说明根据附图得出。图中：
图1示出在打开位置中设计为环形活塞阀的调节装置的纵剖面；
图2示出在关闭位置中图1中所示的环形活塞阀的纵剖面；
图3示出图1中所示的环形活塞阀的阀座的剖面细节视图；
图4示出图4的阀座的透视细节视图；
图5示出调节装置的另一个实施例的透视图；
图6示出图5的调节装置的横剖面，
图7示出图6中所示的调节阀的阀座的细节视图。
具体实施方式
在图1和2中以不同视图示出在此设计为环形活塞阀的调节装置的纵剖面，该调节装置用于调节水流量或用于调节水压。所示出的环形活塞阀包含优选地由可延展的铸铁制成的壳体1，该壳体具有配设有连接法兰2的外部件3和通过保持肋4支撑在外部件3的内侧上的内导向部件5。在壳体1的外部件3与内导向部件5之间限定出环形通道6，水或另一种介质可以通过该环形通道从壳体1的入口7流向出口8。
如根据图1和2得出地，在壳体1的、朝向出口8开口的内导向部件5中，在此设计为封闭活塞的封闭体9被轴向可移动地引导。通过活塞形的封闭体9的轴向移动可以控制经过环形通道6的通过量。活塞形的封闭体9在所示出的实施方式中具有封闭套10、连杆轴承11和用于将连杆轴承11固定在封闭套10上的保持环12。封闭套10在导向部件5内部能通过内活塞导向条13轴向移动并通过在此设计为四棱密封件(密封圈)的密封件14相对于导向部件5径向密封地引导。
封闭体9在其纵向运动中通过曲柄连杆机构驱动，该曲柄连杆机构具有被固定在驱动轴15上的驱动曲柄16和与驱动曲柄16铰接连接的连杆17。连杆17在其一个端部上通过曲柄销18与驱动曲柄16铰接连接，在其另一个端部上通过曲柄销19与连杆轴承11铰接连接。通过驱动轴15的转动，活塞形的封闭体9能在图1所示的、被向后拉的打开位置与图2所示的关闭位置之间移动。
图1和2所示的环形活塞阀的壳体1包含在图3中放大示出的阀座20，封闭体9的封闭套10在关闭位置中通过密闭件21密封地贴靠在该阀座上。在封闭体9的关闭位置中，封闭套10的指向出口8的外端部贴靠在密闭件21上。在所示出的阀座20中，设计为型材密封件的环形的密闭件21在阀座环22与被固定在壳体1的出口侧的连接法兰2中的保持环23之间张紧。沿通流方向被布置在密闭件21上游的阀座环22在其外侧上具有环形槽状的分配通道24，从该分配通道处分支出多个分布在阀座环22的周向上的并且通到阀座环22的内侧上的流出孔25。为了将液体输入到阀座环22的分配通道24，在壳体1的外部件3中布置有多个在此设计为孔的输入通道26。但也可以仅设置一个输入通道26。在输入通道26的外端部上连接有管线27，该管线从入口侧的分支口28处分支。分支口28可以被布置在入口侧的连接法兰2的附近。
在图5至7中示出调节装置的另一个实施例。在该调节装置中，配设有连接法兰2的壳体1在其上侧上具有借助于螺栓29固定的罩30。在罩30中，图6所示的用于使得封闭体32相对于被布置在壳体1上的阀座33移动的驱动主轴31通过主轴轴承34可转动地和径向密封地支承。在所示出的实施方式中，驱动主轴31可以通过手轮35转动，该手轮被支承在固定于罩30上的上端套筒36中并与驱动主轴31连接。但也可以通过其它驱动装置实现驱动主轴31的调节。壳体1也在此具有被布置在阀座33的上游的入口7和被布置在阀座33的下游的出口8。然而，与图1至3所示的环形活塞阀的区别是，封闭体32在该调节阀中不能沿入口孔和流出孔的轴向移动到两个连接法兰2中，而是能横向于入口孔和流出孔的轴向移动到两个连接法兰2中。
图6所示的封闭体32具有套筒形的导向部件37和盘形的封闭板38，该封闭板具有被固定在其下侧上的开槽套筒39。通过套筒形的导向部件37能使得封闭体32在罩30的相应的开口40中移动并通过密封件41径向密封地引导。阀座32在此通过阀座环42形成，该阀座环被插入壳体1的相应的凹部43中。与图1至3的实施方式的区别是，阀座环42在此不是平行地，而是垂直于壳体1的连接法兰2布置。与图1至3的实施方式的另一个区别在于，在此设置的密闭件44不被固定在壳体1上，而是被固定在封闭体32的封闭板38上。但密闭件44也可以被固定在阀座环42上。
由图7得出，该阀座环42也在其外侧上包含环形槽状的分配通道45和多个从该分配通道45分支出的流出孔46。流出孔46在此也这样布置，即该流出孔在闭锁体9的所示的关闭位置中通到密闭件44的上游。为了将压力介质输入到分配通道45，在此也在壳体1中设置至少一个与分配通道45连通的输入通道47。在此，在输入通道47的外端部上也连接有图5所示的管线48，该管线从壳体2的入口侧的分支孔49处分支出。分支孔49被布置在入口侧的连接法兰2附近。

Claims (8)

1.一种调节-或闭锁装置，具有壳体(1)、在壳体(1)内部布置在入口(7)与出口(8)之间的阀座(20；32)、和在壳体(2)中相对于阀座(20；32)可移位地布置的闭锁体(9)，其中，在壳体(1)中布置有至少一个通向阀座(20；32)的、用于输入压力介质的输入通道(26；47)，
其特征在于，
所述至少一个输入通道(26；47)通向配设有流出孔(25；46)的阀座环(22；42)，该阀座环(22；42)的流出孔(25；46)布置成，使得该流出孔在闭锁体(9)的关闭位置中通入密闭件(21；44)的上游，
其中，所述至少一个输入通道(26；47)通过管线(27)与壳体(1)的入口侧的分支孔(28；49)连通，由此在较高压力的位置提取流过调节-或闭锁装置的介质并通过管线导向较低压力的区域，从而能减小气穴。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调节-或闭锁装置，其特征在于，所述阀座环(22；42)包含与流出孔(25；46)和至少一个输入通道(26；47)连通的分配通道(24；45)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节-或闭锁装置，其特征在于，所述密闭件(21；44)布置在壳体(1)上或闭锁体(9)上。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节-或闭锁装置，其特征在于，所述流出孔(25；46)沿通流方向或与流过壳体(1)的介质的通流方向成角度地通入。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节-或闭锁装置，其特征在于，所述流出孔(25；46)相对于阀座环(22；42)对称或不对称地布置。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节-或闭锁装置，其特征在于，所述管线(27)被布置在壳体(1)外部或内置在壳体(19)中。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节-或闭锁装置，其特征在于，闭锁体(9)设计为具有可轴向移动的封闭套(10)的封闭活塞的形式。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节-或闭锁装置，其特征在于，所述闭锁体(9)包含盘形的封闭板(38)。
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