CN107061461B - 锁销 - Google Patents

锁销 Download PDF

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CN107061461B
CN107061461B CN201610830806.2A CN201610830806A CN107061461B CN 107061461 B CN107061461 B CN 107061461B CN 201610830806 A CN201610830806 A CN 201610830806A CN 107061461 B CN107061461 B CN 107061461B
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locking pin
bore
external thread
base element
diameter
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CN107061461A (zh
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F·贾布利亚
M·维默
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Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG
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Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F16B41/002—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/10—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings by separate parts
    • F16B21/16—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings by separate parts with grooves or notches in the pin or shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B21/00—Means for preventing relative axial movement of a pin, spigot, shaft or the like and a member surrounding it; Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings
    • F16B21/06—Releasable fastening devices with snap-action
    • F16B21/08—Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the stud, pin, or spigot has a resilient part
    • F16B21/086—Releasable fastening devices with snap-action in which the stud, pin, or spigot has a resilient part the shank of the stud, pin or spigot having elevations, ribs, fins or prongs intended for deformation or tilting predominantly in a direction perpendicular to the direction of insertion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
    • E05C1/00—Fastening devices with bolts moving rectilinearly
    • E05C1/02—Fastening devices with bolts moving rectilinearly without latching action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05D2260/38—Retaining components in desired mutual position by a spring, i.e. spring loaded or biased towards a certain position

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Snaps, Bayonet Connections, Set Pins, And Snap Rings (AREA)

Abstract

公开的主题是锁销装置(10)，其具有用于接收插入件(8)的基体元件(7)和用于在基体元件(7)中固定插入件(8)的防下落的锁销(1)。锁销(1)至少部分地插入基体元件(7)的钻孔(2)中，并且由弹簧(3)朝着钻孔(2)的开口的方向被推动。锁销(1)具有用于在钻孔(2)中的轴向引导的引导表面(12)、外螺纹(4)和定位在外螺纹(4)与引导表面(12)之间的收缩段(11)，其中外螺纹(4)的直径小于引导表面(12)的直径，并且锁销(1)在收缩段处的直径小于外螺纹(4)的直径。而且，装置包括从钻孔(2)的壁进入由收缩段形成的空间中的内螺纹(5)。

Description

锁销
技术领域
本发明涉及锁销装置领域。其涉及包括销引导构件和锁销的装置，锁销定位在构件的引导开口处，以便所述锁销在锁定位置和打开位置之间可轴向地移动。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知的是具有用于接收插入件的基体元件的锁销装置，所述插入件在基体元件中通过锁销保持就位。在这种情况下，锁销部分地插入基体元件的钻孔中，并且锁销通过定位在锁销第一端和支承表面之间的弹簧朝着钻孔开口的方向被推动。由此，锁销的第二端设计为固定插入件。通过弹簧压力将该第二端从钻孔挤压到插入件上，插入件通过锁销保持就位。一旦插入件被移除，就存在锁销被从钻孔中挤压出并且失控下落的风险。尤其，在锁销定位在难以接近的机器中时，例如燃气轮机或蒸汽轮机中时，必须避免例如锁销的构件的丢失。
卡销、锁线或外部锁是现有技术已知的。它们增加了装置和组装的复杂性，或需要穿过基体元件的钻孔，并且可能导致密封问题。
发明内容
公开的范围在于提供一种用于在基体元件中接收插入件的锁销装置和一种在基体元件中用于将插入件锁定就位的锁销，其避免已知的锁装置的缺点并且特别是安全地防止锁销失控下落。特别是在涡轮机中，例如燃气轮机或蒸汽轮机中，当外壳封闭并且零件的装配或拆除很复杂时，很难接近位于内部的构件。如果例如销或螺丝的构件落入机器中，机器通常不可能继续，或在机器封闭时对其进行检查或修理，并且需要打开机器。这导致重大的时间延迟和成本。
通过公开的锁销装置解决该问题。锁销装置，包括用于接收插入件的基体元件和用于在基体元件中固定插入件的锁销，其中锁销至少部分地插入基体元件的钻孔中。锁销通过定位在锁销的第一端和支承表面之间的弹簧朝着钻孔开口的方向被推动。由此，锁销的第二端形成将插入件锁定就位的形状。锁销具有用于在钻孔中轴向引导的引导表面、外螺纹和定位在外螺纹和引导表面之间的收缩段，其中外螺纹定位在锁销的第一端和收缩段之间。锁销在收缩段处的直径小于外螺纹的直径。因此外螺纹的直径小于引导表面的直径。而且，锁销装置具有从钻孔的壁延伸到通过收缩段形成的空间中的内螺纹。外螺纹的直径应该指的是通过螺纹尖端限定的开口的直径。
就组装而言，首先将弹簧和锁销插入具有第一端的钻孔中。锁销的外螺纹通过内螺纹旋入钻孔中，并且锁销可以自由地在轴向方向移动，其中锁销通过由弹簧施加的弹簧压力被向外推动，所述弹簧定位在支承表面和锁销的第一端之间。当锁销不被向内挤压时，外螺纹防止锁销落入内部。
根据锁销装置的实施例，用于引导锁销的圆柱形的衬套设置在锁销和钻孔之间。同时，衬套与基体元件机械连接，例如其可以被挤压、旋拧、焊接或胶粘到钻孔中。
根据锁销装置的另一个示例实施例，内螺纹是衬套的一部分。
根据实施例，基体元件是燃气轮机的外壳或叶片架的一部分，外壳部分包括插入件和将插入件保持在外壳部分中限定的位置的锁销。
除了锁销装置，本公开涉及涡轮机，特别是燃气轮机或蒸汽轮机。这种涡轮机组含有锁销装置的至少一个实施例。
附图说明
下面，将在示例性的实施例与附图的基础上更详细地解释本公开。其示出了：
图1是锁销装置的截面的简化表达。
具体实施方式
图1示出了锁销装置10，包括用于接收插入件8的基体元件和用于在基体元件7中固定插入件8的锁销1。锁销1部分地插入基体元件7的钻孔2中。弹簧3定位在锁销1的第一端和实现为盲孔的钻孔的支承表面9之间，弹簧朝着钻孔2的开口方向挤压锁销1，借此，设计为将插入件8锁定到位的锁销1的第二端，将插入件8保持在限定的位置。锁销具有用于在钻孔中的轴向引导的引导表面12。其可以具有例如圆柱形配合的形状。锁销1进一步具有外螺纹4和在外螺纹4和引导表面12之间的收缩段11。外螺纹4在锁销第一端的方向定位。换句话说，外螺纹定位在锁销1的第一端和收缩段11之间。外螺纹4的直径小于引导表面的直径，以便锁销1可以容易地插入钻孔2中。
图1的实施例设计有插入钻孔2中的圆柱形衬套6。衬套6的外壁通过形状配合和压入配合连接钻孔2的内壁。钻孔的内壁形成引导表面12以引导锁销1。在衬套6的背向钻孔2开口的一侧，内螺纹5从衬套6的内壁延伸，并且到达由在衬套6和锁销8之间的由收缩段11形成的空间。内螺纹5和外螺纹4形成匹配，允许锁销在组装期间通过内螺纹而拧入。由此，锁销不是牢固旋拧抵靠支撑，而是通过外螺纹旋拧锁销直到螺纹再次自由，锁销1可自由移动地在轴向被引导通过衬套6，并且通过弹簧3朝着钻孔2的开口的方向被挤压。
替代示出的锁销装置10，一种没有衬套的锁销装置10是想得到的，其具有从钻孔壁延伸到钻孔2中的内螺纹5并且钻孔壁构造为引导表面12。
附图标记表
1 锁销
2 钻孔
3 弹簧
4 外螺纹
5 内螺纹
6 衬套
7 基体元件
8 插入件
9 支承表面
10 锁销装置
11 收缩段
12 引导表面

Claims (5)

1.锁销装置（10），具有用于接收插入件（8）的基体元件（7）和用于在所述基体元件（7）中固定所述插入件（8）的锁销（1），其中，所述锁销（1）至少部分地插入所述基体元件（7）的钻孔（2）中，并且所述锁销（1）通过定位在所述锁销（1）的第一端和所述钻孔（2）的支承表面（9）之间的弹簧（3）朝着钻孔（2）的插入开口的方向被挤压，所述锁销（1）的第二端形成用于固定插入件（8）的形状，
其特征在于，所述锁销（1）具有用于在所述钻孔（2）中的轴向引导的引导表面（12）、外螺纹（4）和在所述外螺纹（4）与所述引导表面（12）之间的收缩段（11），所述外螺纹（4）定位在所述锁销（1）的所述第一端和所述收缩段（11）之间，所述外螺纹（4）的直径小于所述引导表面（12）的直径，并且所述锁销（1）在所述收缩段上的直径小于所述外螺纹（4）的直径，并且在于匹配所述外螺纹（4）的内螺纹（5）从所述钻孔（2）的壁延伸到由所述收缩段（11）形成的空间中。
2.根据权利要求1的锁销装置（10），其特征在于，圆柱形的衬套（6）设置在所述锁销（1）和用于引导所述锁销（1）的所述钻孔（2）之间，其中，所述衬套（6）机械连接到所述基体元件。
3.根据权利要求2的锁销装置（10），其特征在于，所述内螺纹（5）是所述衬套（6）的一部分。
4.外壳部分或叶片架，具有根据权利要求1到3中的任意一项的锁销装置（10）。
5.涡轮机，具有根据权利要求1到3中的任意一项的锁销装置（10）。
CN201610830806.2A 2015-07-24 2016-07-24 锁销 Active CN107061461B (zh)

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CN111649044B (zh) * 2020-06-28 2024-04-30 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 一种钎杆接头装置
CN111734726B (zh) * 2020-08-03 2020-11-10 宁波曙翔新材料股份有限公司 一种嵌合式快速连接和拆卸接头及应用

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EP3121391A1 (en) 2017-01-25
US10294978B2 (en) 2019-05-21
CN107061461A (zh) 2017-08-18
US20170023050A1 (en) 2017-01-26
EP3121391B1 (en) 2019-09-04
DE202015005177U1 (de) 2015-09-08

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