CN107060923B - Spatial regenerative organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system and control strategy - Google Patents
Spatial regenerative organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system and control strategy Download PDFInfo
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- CN107060923B CN107060923B CN201710130054.3A CN201710130054A CN107060923B CN 107060923 B CN107060923 B CN 107060923B CN 201710130054 A CN201710130054 A CN 201710130054A CN 107060923 B CN107060923 B CN 107060923B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
- F01C1/34—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
- F01C1/344—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
- F01C1/3441—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
The invention relates to a space regenerative organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system and a control strategy, which mainly comprise a variable expansion ratio thermal power conversion subsystem, a space regenerative subsystem and a control unit; the system introduces a rotary vane type expansion machine with variable expansion ratio, and the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expansion machine is adjusted by an expansion ratio adjuster, so that high-temperature and high-pressure organic working media in a variable working condition state can fully expand in the rotary vane type expansion machine, and the maximum power is output; the recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is realized by introducing a space heat exchanger, the exhaust gas discharged by the rotary blade type expansion machine and a cold working medium passing through the condenser are fully contacted and exchanged heat in the space heat regenerator, and the exhaust gas is rapidly flashed and condensed to be liquefied, so that the maximum recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is realized; the system provided by the invention has a simple structure, and can improve the recovery efficiency of the complementary energy of the internal combustion engine for the vehicle to a greater extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of exhaust energy recovery of internal combustion engines for vehicles, and particularly relates to a space regenerative organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system and a control strategy.
Background
With the continuous consumption of petrochemical energy, the energy crisis is becoming more serious, and researchers at home and abroad have developed a research trend with the purposes of high efficiency, energy conservation and low pollution and with the way of recycling waste heat. The thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine for the vehicle is low, and most of heat is emitted out through the modes of automobile exhaust, internal combustion engine cooling water and the like. The research aiming at recycling the waste heat of the tail gas of the internal combustion engine for the vehicle has important significance for the worldwide important requirement of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Organic rankine cycles have been the subject of intensive research in the field of energy conservation due to their advantages of simple structure, high safety, mature technology, and high efficiency of recovering low-quality heat energy such as exhaust gas from internal combustion engines for vehicles.
High-temperature and high-pressure overheated working media discharged from an evaporator in the traditional organic Rankine cycle cannot be fully expanded in an expander, so that organic working media exhaust gas discharged from the expander still has a large amount of heat energy, the utilization of the exhaust gas heat energy at the present stage is realized in modes such as reheating cycle and regenerative cycle, but the modes all adopt a heat exchanger as a main heat exchange mode, and the efficiency of recovering the exhaust gas heat energy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a space regenerative organic Rankine cycle waste energy recovery system and a control strategy, wherein the system introduces a rotary vane type expander with variable expansion ratio, and the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expander is adjusted by an expansion ratio adjuster, so that high-temperature and high-pressure organic working media in a variable working condition state can be fully expanded in the rotary vane type expander, and the maximum power is output; the recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is realized by introducing a space heat exchanger, the exhaust gas discharged by the rotary blade type expansion machine and a cold working medium passing through a condenser are fully contacted and exchanged heat in the space heat regenerator, and the exhaust gas is rapidly flashed and condensed to be liquefied, so that the maximum recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is realized; the system provided by the invention has a simple structure, and can improve the recovery efficiency of the complementary energy of the internal combustion engine for the vehicle to a greater extent.
The system consists of a control unit 28, a variable expansion ratio thermal-power conversion subsystem I and a space regenerative subsystem II; the control unit 28 is respectively connected with the variable expansion specific heat-power conversion subsystem I and the space heat regeneration subsystem II; the variable-frequency pump 1 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I is respectively connected with the pressure regulating valve 13, the space heat regenerator 19 and the working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 in the space heat regeneration subsystem II; and the rotary blade type expander 8 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I is connected with the space heat regenerator exhaust gas ejector 22 in the space heat regeneration subsystem II.
The variable expansion specific heat conversion subsystem I consists of a variable frequency pump 1, an evaporator working medium flow control valve 2, a temperature pressure sensor I3, an evaporator 4, a temperature pressure sensor II 5, a rotary vane type expander working medium flow control valve 6, a temperature pressure sensor III 7, a rotary vane type expander 8, an expansion ratio regulator 9, an engine exhaust pipe 10, a combined sensor I11 and a combined sensor II 12; the variable frequency pump 1, the evaporator working medium flow control valve 2, the evaporator 4, the rotary vane type expander working medium flow control valve 6 and the rotary vane type expander 8 are connected in series; the outlet end of an engine exhaust pipe 10 is connected with the exhaust inlet end of the evaporator 4; the expansion ratio regulator 9 is connected with the rotary vane type expansion machine 8; the temperature pressure sensor I3 and the temperature pressure sensor II 5 are respectively arranged at the working medium inlet end and the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4; the temperature and pressure sensor III 7 is arranged at the working medium inlet end of the rotary blade type expansion machine 8; the combined sensor I11 and the combined sensor II 12 are respectively arranged at the exhaust inlet end and the exhaust outlet end of the evaporator 4; the inlet end of the variable frequency pump 1 is respectively connected with the outlet end of a working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 in the space regenerative subsystem II and the outlet end of a space regenerator 19, and the outlet end of the variable frequency pump 1 is connected with the inlet end of a pressure regulating valve 13 in the space regenerative subsystem II; the outlet end of the rotary blade type expansion machine 8 is connected with the inlet end of a space heat regenerator exhaust gas ejector 22 in the space heat regeneration subsystem II; the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I is connected with the control unit 28.
The space heat recovery subsystem II consists of a pressure regulating valve 13, a condenser 14, a temperature pressure sensor IV 15, a temperature pressure sensor V16, a space heat recovery cold working medium flow control valve 17, a space heat recovery cold working medium ejector 18, a space heat recovery 19, a space heat recovery liquid level sensor 20, a temperature pressure sensor VI 21, a space heat recovery exhaust ejector 22, a temperature pressure sensor VII 23, a temperature pressure sensor VIII 24, a working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25, a working medium tank 26 and a working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27; the inlet end of a pressure regulating valve 13 is connected with the outlet end of a variable-expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I of a variable-frequency pump 1, and the outlet end of the pressure regulating valve 13 is connected with the working medium inlet end of a condenser 14; the working medium outlet end of the condenser 14 is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with the inlet end of a working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25 and the inlet end of a space regenerator cold working medium flow control valve 17; the working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25, the working medium tank 26 and the working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 are connected in series; the outlet end of the working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 is connected with the inlet end of the variable frequency pump 1 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I; the outlet end of a cold working medium flow control valve 17 of the space heat regenerator is connected with the inlet end of a cold working medium ejector 18 of the space heat regenerator; the outlet ends of the space regenerator cold working medium ejector 18 and the space regenerator exhaust gas ejector 22 are connected with the space regenerator 19; the outlet end of the space heat regenerator 19 is connected with the inlet end of a variable frequency pump 1 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I; the inlet end of a waste gas ejector 22 of the space heat regenerator is connected with the outlet end of a rotary blade type expansion machine 8 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I; the temperature and pressure sensor IV 15 is arranged on the condenser 14; the temperature pressure sensor V16 is arranged at the inlet end of a cold working medium flow control valve 17 of the space heat regenerator; the liquid level sensor 20 and the temperature pressure sensor VI 21 of the space heat regenerator are arranged on the space heat regenerator 19; the temperature pressure sensor VII 23 is arranged at the inlet end of the exhaust gas ejector 22 of the space regenerator; the temperature pressure sensor VIII 24 is arranged at the outlet end of the space regenerator 19; and the space heat recovery subsystem II is connected with the control unit 28.
The control strategy based on the space regenerative organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system comprises the following steps:
a. the control unit 28 measures tail gas inlet and outlet tail gas states of the evaporator 4 according to the combination sensor I11 and the combination sensor II 12, and the heat exchange quantity of the organic working medium and the engine tail gas can be obtained by combining the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4; determining the working medium temperature at the working medium outlet of the evaporator 4 according to the pinch point temperature, measuring the working medium inlet and outlet working medium states of the working medium of the evaporator 4 according to the temperature pressure sensor I3 and the temperature pressure sensor II 5, determining the working medium flow when the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4 is highest, and adjusting the working medium flow of the evaporator 4 through the working medium flow control valve 2 of the evaporator to keep the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator at high; the expansion ratio of the rotating blade type expansion machine 8 is adjusted by the expansion ratio adjuster 9, so that superheated steam under different working conditions can be fully expanded in the rotating blade type expansion machine 8, and the maximum power is output;
b. the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 13 is regulated to ensure that the flow of the cold working medium passing through the condenser 14 can meet the flow required by heat regeneration; when the flow of the working medium passing through the condenser 14 just meets the flow required by heat regeneration, the inlet flow control valve 25 of the working medium pump is closed; if the flow of the working medium passing through the condenser 14 is larger than the required flow for heat return, the working medium pump inlet flow control valve 25 is opened, and the redundant part of the working medium returns to the working medium tank 26 from the working medium pump inlet flow control valve 25;
c. exhaust gas discharged by the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 and a cold working medium passing through the condenser 14 are respectively sprayed into a space heat regenerator 19 by a space heat regenerator exhaust gas sprayer 22 and a space heat regenerator cold working medium sprayer 18, the exhaust gas and the cold working medium are directly contacted for heat exchange, and the exhaust gas is rapidly flashed and condensed to be liquefied, so that the recovery of exhaust gas heat energy is realized; after passing through the variable frequency pump 1, part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium subjected to heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator 19 is used for the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I, and part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium is used for the space heat regeneration subsystem II, so that circulation is realized.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the tail gas discharged by an engine and the organic working medium exchange heat in the evaporator, so that the organic working medium forms high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam, the evaporator is ensured to always keep higher heat exchange efficiency by adjusting the flow of the organic working medium, and the superheated steam is kept in the optimal heat source state required by the rotary vane type expansion machine; the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam enters the rotary vane type expansion machine to push the vanes to do work, and the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expansion machine is adjusted by the expansion ratio adjuster, so that the superheated steam under different working conditions can fully expand in the rotary vane type expansion machine, and the maximum power is output; the supply of cold working medium in the space heat regenerator is ensured by adjusting the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve; the exhaust gas sprayed into the space regenerator by the exhaust gas ejector of the space regenerator fully contacts with the cold working medium sprayed into the space regenerator by the cold working medium ejector of the space regenerator and the residual liquid working medium in the space regenerator to exchange heat, the exhaust gas is rapidly flashed and condensed to be liquefied, the exhaust gas heat energy is recovered to the maximum extent, the high efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle is realized, one part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium subjected to heat regeneration in the space regenerator is used for the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem after passing through the variable frequency pump, and the other part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium is used for the space heat regeneration subsystem to realize the circulation.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the control unit 28 measures the temperature of tail gas at the tail gas outlet end of the evaporator 4 according to the combined sensor II 12, the temperature of working medium at the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4 is determined according to the pinch point temperature, the pressure and the flow of the tail gas at the tail gas inlet and outlet ends of the evaporator 4 are measured according to the combined sensor I11 and the combined sensor II 12, the heat exchange quantity of the organic working medium and the engine tail gas in the evaporator 4 can be obtained by combining the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4, the temperature and the pressure of the working medium at the working medium inlet end of the evaporator 4 are measured by the temperature and pressure sensor I3, the pressure of the working medium at the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4 is measured by the temperature and pressure sensor II 5, the working medium temperature at the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4 is calculated according to the pinch point temperature, the specific enthalpy difference of the organic working medium at the working medium inlet and outlet end of the evaporator 4 can be obtained, the working medium flow when the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4 is the highest, the working medium flow in the evaporator 4 is changed by adjusting the opening degree of the working medium flow control valve 3, the evaporator is always kept at a higher heat exchange efficiency, and the maximum recovery of the tail gas heat can be realized. When the working condition is started, the temperature of the tail gas of the engine is low, a small amount of working medium is pumped out from the working medium tank 26 by the variable frequency pump 1 and is guided into the evaporator 4, the rotating speed of the variable frequency pump 1 is gradually changed to increase the flow of the working medium along with the rise of the temperature of the tail gas of the engine, and the normal work of the organic Rankine cycle under the stable working condition is gradually realized.
Knowing the temperature and mass flow of the superheated steam at the inlet end of the rotary vane type expander 8, the control unit 28 can keep the organic working medium at a constant pressure by adjusting the opening of the mass flow control valve 6 of the rotary vane type expander according to the pressure of the superheated steam measured by the temperature and pressure sensor III 7 so as to stabilize the transient performance of the organic working medium. The rotating speed of the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 is adjusted according to the calibration data by the temperature, the pressure and the mass flow of the superheated steam to be suitable for the state of the superheated steam, the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 is adjusted by the expansion ratio adjuster 9, the superheated steam can be fully expanded in the rotary vane type expansion machine 8, and the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 can output the maximum power under the superheated steam in different states.
The control unit 28 adjusts the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 13 to make the set pressure adapt to the working pressure in the organic Rankine cycle, so as to ensure the supply of the cold working medium to the space heat regenerator, and if the amount of the cold working medium passing through the condenser 14 is more than the amount of the cold working medium required by the space heat regenerator 19, the redundant cold working medium enters the working medium tank 26 through the working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25.
The exhaust gas after the work of the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 is sprayed into the space heat regenerator 19 through the exhaust gas sprayer 22 of the space heat regenerator, the control unit 28 measures the cold working medium state and the internal state of the space heat regenerator according to the temperature and pressure sensor V16 and the temperature and pressure sensor VI 21, the amount of the cold working medium required by the space heat regenerator 19 is determined, the cold working medium is sprayed into the space heat regenerator 19 through the cold working medium sprayer 18 of the space heat regenerator, the exhaust gas and the cold working medium are in contact heat exchange in the space heat regenerator 19, the exhaust gas is flash-condensed and liquefied, and the recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is realized. The liquid level of organic working media after heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator 19 is measured by a liquid level sensor 20 of the space heat regenerator, and the flow of the working media in a heat regeneration loop is changed by adjusting the set pressure of a pressure regulating valve 13, so that the liquid working media in the space heat regenerator 19 are always kept at a reasonable liquid level; after passing through the variable frequency pump 1, part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium subjected to heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator 19 is used for the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I, and part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium is used for the space heat regeneration subsystem II, so that circulation is realized.
When the engine is stopped, the organic working medium in the loop is guided into a working medium tank 26 by the variable frequency pump 1 through the condenser 14 and the working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25 along with the end of the organic Rankine cycle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the working medium flow in the evaporator is adjusted according to the heat exchange quantity of the tail gas of the engine and the organic working medium, so that the evaporator is always kept at higher heat exchange efficiency, the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated working medium is discharged from the working medium outlet end of the evaporator, and the superheated steam keeps the optimal heat source state required by the rotary blade type expansion machine. By introducing the variable expansion ratio rotary vane type expander, the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expander can be adjusted by the expansion ratio adjuster according to the state of the superheated steam at the inlet of the rotary vane type expander, so that the superheated steam in different states can be fully expanded in the rotary vane type expander, and the rotary vane type expander can output the maximum power. The space heat regenerator is introduced to realize the recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas, the injection amount of the cold working medium sprayed into the space heat regenerator is determined according to the state in the space heat regenerator and the state of the cold working medium, the exhaust gas discharged by the rotary vane type expander and the cold working medium passing through the condenser are sprayed into the space heat regenerator by the space heat regenerator exhaust gas sprayer and the space heat regenerator cold working medium sprayer, the exhaust gas and the cold working medium are in full contact for heat exchange, and the exhaust gas is rapidly flashed for condensation and liquefaction, thereby realizing the recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas, the problem that the space condensation cannot be realized in the rotary vane type expander can be solved by introducing the space heat regenerator, and the heat energy of the exhaust gas can be better recovered through the space heat regenerator. The working pressure of the organic Rankine cycle is adapted by adjusting the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve so as to ensure the supply of cold working media to the space heat regenerator and keep the liquid level of the working media at a reasonable liquid level after heat regeneration, part of the high-temperature liquid organic working media subjected to heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator is used for the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem after passing through the variable frequency pump, and part of the high-temperature liquid organic working media is used for the space heat regeneration subsystem to realize circulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spatial regenerative organic Rankine cycle waste energy recovery system and a control strategy;
wherein: the system comprises a variable expansion specific heat-power conversion subsystem I, a space regenerative subsystem II, a variable frequency pump 1, an evaporator working medium flow control valve 2, a temperature pressure sensor I3, an evaporator 4, a temperature pressure sensor II 5, a rotary vane type expander working medium flow control valve 6, a temperature pressure sensor III 7, a rotary vane type expander 8, an expansion ratio regulator 9, an engine exhaust pipe 10, a combined sensor I11, a combined sensor II 12, a pressure regulating valve 13, a condenser 14, a temperature pressure sensor IV 15, a temperature pressure sensor V16, a space regenerative cold working medium flow control valve 17, a space regenerative cold working medium ejector 18, a space regenerative 19, a space regenerative liquid level sensor 20, a temperature pressure sensor VI 21, a space regenerative exhaust gas ejector 22, a temperature pressure sensor VII 23, a temperature pressure sensor VIII 24, a working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25, a working medium tank 26, a working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 and a control unit 28.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a spatial regenerative organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system and a control strategy control mode.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The technical scheme of the invention is further elaborated by combining the attached drawing 1: the system consists of a control unit 28, a variable expansion ratio thermal-power conversion subsystem I and a space regenerative subsystem II; the control unit 28 is respectively connected with the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I and the space heat recovery subsystem II; the variable-frequency pump 1 in the variable-expansion specific-heat-power conversion subsystem I is respectively connected with the pressure regulating valve 13, the space heat regenerator 19 and the working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 in the space heat regeneration subsystem II; and the rotary blade type expander 8 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I is connected with the space heat regenerator exhaust gas ejector 22 in the space heat regeneration subsystem II.
The variable expansion specific heat conversion subsystem I consists of a variable frequency pump 1, an evaporator working medium flow control valve 2, a temperature pressure sensor I3, an evaporator 4, a temperature pressure sensor II 5, a rotary vane type expander working medium flow control valve 6, a temperature pressure sensor III 7, a rotary vane type expander 8, an expansion ratio regulator 9, an engine exhaust pipe 10, a combined sensor I11 and a combined sensor II 12; wherein, the variable frequency pump 1, the evaporator working medium flow control valve 2, the evaporator 4, the rotary blade type expander working medium flow control valve 6 and the rotary blade type expander 8 are connected in series; the outlet end of an engine exhaust pipe 10 is connected with the exhaust inlet end of the evaporator 4; the expansion ratio regulator 9 is connected with the rotary vane type expansion machine 8; the temperature pressure sensor I3 and the temperature pressure sensor II 5 are respectively arranged at the working medium inlet end and the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4; the temperature and pressure sensor III 7 is arranged at the working medium inlet end of the rotary blade type expansion machine 8; the combined sensor I11 and the combined sensor II 12 are respectively arranged at the exhaust inlet end and the exhaust outlet end of the evaporator 4; the inlet end of the variable frequency pump 1 is respectively connected with the outlet end of a working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 in the space regenerative subsystem II and the outlet end of a space regenerator 19, and the outlet end of the variable frequency pump 1 is connected with the inlet end of a pressure regulating valve 13 in the space regenerative subsystem II; the outlet end of the rotary vane type expander 8 is connected with the inlet end of a space regenerator exhaust gas ejector 22 in the space regenerative subsystem II; the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I is connected with the control unit 28.
The space heat recovery subsystem II comprises a pressure regulating valve 13, a condenser 14, a temperature pressure sensor IV 15, a temperature pressure sensor V16, a space heat regenerator cold working medium flow control valve 17, a space heat regenerator cold working medium ejector 18, a space heat regenerator 19, a space heat regenerator liquid level sensor 20, a temperature pressure sensor VI 21, a space heat regenerator exhaust gas ejector 22, a temperature pressure sensor VII 23, a temperature pressure sensor VIII 24, a working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25, a working medium tank 26 and a working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27; the inlet end of a pressure regulating valve 13 is connected with the outlet end of a variable-expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I of a variable-frequency pump 1, and the outlet end of the pressure regulating valve 13 is connected with the working medium inlet end of a condenser 14; the working medium outlet end of the condenser 14 is divided into two paths and is respectively connected with the inlet end of a working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25 and the inlet end of a space regenerator cold working medium flow control valve 17; the working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25, the working medium tank 26 and the working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 are connected in series; the outlet end of the working medium tank outlet one-way valve 27 is connected with the inlet end of the variable frequency pump 1 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I; the outlet end of the space regenerator cold working medium flow control valve 17 is connected with the inlet end of a space regenerator cold working medium ejector 18; the outlet ends of the space regenerator cold working medium ejector 18 and the space regenerator exhaust gas ejector 22 are connected with a space regenerator 19; the outlet end of the space heat regenerator 19 is connected with the inlet end of the variable frequency pump 1 in the variable expansion ratio heat-power conversion subsystem I; the inlet end of a waste gas ejector 22 of the space heat regenerator is connected with the outlet end of a rotary blade type expansion machine 8 in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I; the temperature and pressure sensor IV 15 is arranged on the condenser 14; the temperature pressure sensor V16 is arranged at the inlet end of a cold working medium flow control valve 17 of the space heat regenerator; the liquid level sensor 20 and the temperature pressure sensor VI 21 of the space heat regenerator are arranged on the space heat regenerator 19; the temperature pressure sensor VII 23 is arranged at the inlet end of the exhaust gas ejector 22 of the space regenerator; the temperature pressure sensor VIII 24 is arranged at the outlet end of the space heat regenerator 19; and the space regenerative subsystem II is connected with the control unit 28.
The control strategy based on the space regenerative organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system comprises the following steps:
a. the control unit 28 measures tail gas inlet and outlet tail gas states of the evaporator 4 according to the combination sensor I11 and the combination sensor II 12, and the heat exchange quantity of the organic working medium and the engine tail gas can be obtained by combining the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4; determining the working medium temperature at the working medium outlet of the evaporator 4 according to the pinch point temperature, measuring the working medium inlet and outlet working medium states of the working medium of the evaporator 4 according to the temperature pressure sensor I3 and the temperature pressure sensor II 5, determining the working medium flow when the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4 is highest, and adjusting the working medium flow of the evaporator 4 through the working medium flow control valve 2 of the evaporator to keep the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator at high; the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 is adjusted by an expansion ratio adjuster 9, so that superheated steam under different working conditions can be fully expanded in the rotary vane type expansion machine 8, and the maximum power is output;
b. the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 13 is regulated to ensure that the flow of the cold working medium passing through the condenser 14 can meet the flow required by heat regeneration; when the flow of the working medium passing through the condenser 14 just meets the flow required by heat regeneration, the inlet flow control valve 25 of the working medium pump is closed; if the flow of the working medium passing through the condenser 14 is larger than the required flow for heat return, the working medium pump inlet flow control valve 25 is opened, and the redundant part of the working medium returns to the working medium tank 26 from the working medium pump inlet flow control valve 25;
c. exhaust gas discharged by the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 and a cold working medium passing through the condenser 14 are respectively sprayed into a space heat regenerator 19 by a space heat regenerator exhaust gas sprayer 22 and a space heat regenerator cold working medium sprayer 18, the exhaust gas and the cold working medium are directly contacted for heat exchange, and the exhaust gas is rapidly flashed and condensed to be liquefied, so that the recovery of exhaust gas heat energy is realized; after passing through the variable frequency pump 1, part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium subjected to heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator 19 is used for the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I, and part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium is used for the space heat regeneration subsystem II, so that circulation is realized.
The specific working mode of the system is as follows:
1. controlling the flow of the organic working medium of the evaporator: the control unit 28 measures the temperature of tail gas at the tail gas outlet end of the evaporator 4 according to the combined sensor II 12, the temperature of working medium at the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4 is determined according to the pinch point temperature, the pressure and the flow of the tail gas at the tail gas inlet and outlet ends of the evaporator 4 are measured according to the combined sensor I11 and the combined sensor II 12, the heat exchange quantity of the organic working medium and the engine tail gas in the evaporator 4 can be obtained by combining the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4, the temperature and the pressure of the working medium at the working medium inlet end of the evaporator 4 are measured by the temperature and pressure sensor I3, the pressure of the working medium at the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4 is measured by the temperature and pressure sensor II 5, the working medium temperature at the working medium outlet end of the evaporator 4 is calculated according to the pinch point temperature, the specific enthalpy difference of the organic working medium at the working medium inlet and outlet end of the evaporator 4 can be obtained, the working medium flow when the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator 4 is the highest, the working medium flow in the evaporator 4 is changed by adjusting the opening degree of the working medium flow control valve 3, the evaporator is always kept at a higher heat exchange efficiency, and the maximum recovery of the tail gas heat can be realized. When the engine is started under a working condition, the temperature of the tail gas of the engine is low, a small amount of working medium is pumped out from the working medium tank 26 by the variable frequency pump 1 and is guided into the evaporator 4, the rotating speed of the variable frequency pump 1 is gradually changed to increase the flow rate of the working medium along with the rise of the temperature of the tail gas of the engine, and the normal work of the organic Rankine cycle under a stable working condition is gradually realized.
2. Expansion ratio control of the rotary vane expander: knowing the temperature and mass flow of the superheated steam at the inlet end of the rotary vane type expander 8, the control unit 28 can keep the organic working medium at a constant pressure by adjusting the opening of the mass flow control valve 6 of the rotary vane type expander according to the pressure of the superheated steam measured by the temperature and pressure sensor III 7 so as to stabilize the transient performance of the organic working medium. The rotating speed of the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 is adjusted according to the calibration data by the temperature, the pressure and the mass flow of the superheated steam to be suitable for the state of the superheated steam, the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 is adjusted by the expansion ratio adjuster 9, the superheated steam can be fully expanded in the rotary vane type expansion machine 8, and the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 can output the maximum power under the superheated steam in different states.
3. Control of the pressure reducing valve: the control unit 28 adjusts the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve 13 to make the set pressure adapt to the working pressure in the organic Rankine cycle, so as to ensure the supply of the cold working medium to the space heat regenerator, and if the amount of the cold working medium passing through the condenser 14 is more than the amount of the cold working medium required by the space heat regenerator 19, the redundant cold working medium enters the working medium tank 26 through the working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25.
4. Space heat regeneration: the exhaust gas after the work of the rotary vane type expansion machine 8 is sprayed into the space heat regenerator 19 through the exhaust gas sprayer 22 of the space heat regenerator, the control unit 28 measures the cold working medium state and the internal state of the space heat regenerator according to the temperature and pressure sensor V16 and the temperature and pressure sensor VI 21, the amount of the cold working medium required by the space heat regenerator 19 is determined, the cold working medium is sprayed into the space heat regenerator 19 through the cold working medium sprayer 18 of the space heat regenerator, the exhaust gas and the cold working medium are in contact heat exchange in the space heat regenerator 19, the exhaust gas is flash-condensed and liquefied, and the recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is realized. The liquid level of organic working media after heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator 19 is measured by a liquid level sensor 20 of the space heat regenerator, and the flow of the working media in a heat regeneration loop is changed by adjusting the set pressure of a pressure regulating valve 13, so that the liquid working media in the space heat regenerator 19 are always kept at a reasonable liquid level; after passing through the variable frequency pump 1, part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium subjected to heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator 19 is used for the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem I, and part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium is used for the space heat regeneration subsystem II, so that circulation is realized.
5. Stopping the engine: when the engine is stopped, the organic working medium in the loop returns to the working medium tank 26 by the variable frequency pump 1 through the condenser 14 and the working medium tank inlet flow control valve 25 along with the end of the organic Rankine cycle.
In the invention, the heat exchangers (the evaporator 4 and the condenser 14) are utilized to realize the heat exchange between the organic working medium and low-quality energy and the cooling of the organic working medium, and the functions can be realized by a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, a tube-plate heat exchanger, a sleeve-type heat exchanger and the like in practical application according to the principle; the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam expands in the expansion machine to do work, and the turbine type expansion machine and the piston type expansion machine can realize the function in practical application according to the principle; in the invention, the organic working medium with lower boiling point is used as a circulating working medium, and can be heated into superheated steam at lower pressure and lower temperature, and the working medium with lower boiling point (such as R245fa, R123, R143a, R152a, R141b, R245ca and the like) can realize the function under the standard condition in the practical application according to the principle; the invention uses the space heat regenerator to realize the full contact heat exchange of the cold and hot working mediums, and the closed container which meets the use condition in the practical application according to the principle can realize the function.
Claims (2)
1. A space backheating organic Rankine cycle complementary energy recovery system is characterized in that: the system mainly comprises a control unit (28), a variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem (I) and a space regenerative subsystem (II); the control unit (28) is respectively connected with the variable expansion ratio thermal power conversion subsystem (I) and the space regenerative subsystem (II); a variable frequency pump (1) in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem (I) is respectively connected with a pressure regulating valve (13) in the space heat recovery subsystem (II), a space heat recovery device (19) and a working medium tank outlet one-way valve (27); a rotary blade type expander (8) in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem (I) is connected with a space heat regenerator exhaust gas ejector (22) in the space heat regeneration subsystem (II);
the variable expansion specific heat conversion subsystem (I) consists of a variable frequency pump (1), an evaporator working medium flow control valve (2), a temperature pressure sensor I (3), an evaporator (4), a temperature pressure sensor II (5), a rotary vane type expander working medium flow control valve (6), a temperature pressure sensor III (7), a rotary vane type expander (8), an expansion ratio regulator (9), an engine exhaust pipe (10), a combined sensor I (11) and a combined sensor II (12); the variable frequency pump (1), the evaporator working medium flow control valve (2), the evaporator (4), the rotary vane type expander working medium flow control valve (6) and the rotary vane type expander (8) are connected in series; the outlet end of an engine exhaust pipe (10) is connected with the exhaust inlet end of the evaporator (4); the expansion ratio regulator (9) is connected with the rotary blade type expander (8); the temperature pressure sensor I (3) and the temperature pressure sensor II (5) are respectively arranged at the working medium inlet end and the working medium outlet end of the evaporator (4); the temperature and pressure sensor III (7) is arranged at the working medium inlet end of the rotary blade type expansion machine (8); the combined sensor I (11) and the combined sensor II (12) are respectively arranged at the exhaust inlet end and the exhaust outlet end of the evaporator (4); the inlet end of the variable frequency pump (1) is respectively connected with the outlet end of a working medium tank outlet one-way valve (27) in the space regenerative subsystem (II) and the outlet end of the space regenerative device (19), and the outlet end of the variable frequency pump (1) is connected with the inlet end of a pressure regulating valve (13) in the space regenerative subsystem (II); the outlet end of the rotary vane type expander (8) is connected with the inlet end of a space regenerator exhaust gas ejector (22) in a space regenerative subsystem (II); the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem (I) is connected with the control unit (28);
the space heat recovery subsystem (II) consists of a pressure regulating valve (13), a condenser (14), a temperature pressure sensor IV (15), a temperature pressure sensor V (16), a space heat regenerator cold working medium flow control valve (17), a space heat regenerator cold working medium ejector (18), a space heat regenerator (19), a space heat regenerator liquid level sensor (20), a temperature pressure sensor VI (21), a space heat regenerator exhaust gas ejector (22), a temperature pressure sensor VII (23), a temperature pressure sensor VIII (24), a working medium tank inlet flow control valve (25), a working medium tank (26) and a working medium tank outlet one-way valve (27); the inlet end of the pressure regulating valve (13) is connected with the outlet end of a variable frequency pump (1) in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem (I), and the outlet end of the pressure regulating valve (13) is connected with the working medium inlet end of a condenser (14); the working medium outlet end of the condenser (14) is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with the inlet end of the working medium tank inlet flow control valve (25) and the inlet end of the space regenerator cold working medium flow control valve (17); the working medium tank inlet flow control valve (25), the working medium tank (26) and the working medium tank outlet one-way valve (27) are connected in series; the outlet end of the working medium tank outlet one-way valve (27) is connected with the inlet end of a variable frequency pump (1) in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem (I); the outlet end of a cold working medium flow control valve (17) of the space heat regenerator is connected with the inlet end of a cold working medium ejector (18) of the space heat regenerator; the outlet end of the space regenerator cold working medium ejector (18) and the outlet end of the space regenerator exhaust gas ejector (22) are connected with a space regenerator (19); the outlet end of the space heat regenerator (19) is connected with the inlet end of a variable frequency pump (1) in the variable expansion specific heat power conversion subsystem (I); the inlet end of a waste gas ejector (22) of the space regenerator is connected with the outlet end of a rotary blade type expansion machine (8) in a variable expansion ratio thermal-power conversion subsystem (I); a temperature pressure sensor IV (15) is arranged on the condenser (14); the temperature pressure sensor V (16) is arranged at the inlet end of a cold working medium flow control valve (17) of the space heat regenerator; a liquid level sensor (20) and a temperature pressure sensor VI (21) of the space heat regenerator are arranged on the space heat regenerator (19); the temperature pressure sensor VII (23) is arranged at the inlet end of the exhaust gas ejector (22) of the space regenerator; the temperature pressure sensor VIII (24) is arranged at the outlet end of the space regenerator (19); the space heat recovery subsystem (II) is connected with the control unit (28).
2. The method of controlling a spatially recuperated organic rankine cycle waste energy recovery system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a. the control unit (28) measures tail gas inlet and outlet tail gas states of the evaporator (4) according to the combined sensor I (11) and the combined sensor II (12), and the heat exchange quantity of the organic working medium and the tail gas of the engine can be obtained by combining the highest heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator (4); determining the working medium temperature at the working medium outlet of the evaporator (4) according to the pinch point temperature, measuring the working medium inlet and outlet working medium states of the working medium of the evaporator (4) according to the temperature pressure sensor I (3) and the temperature pressure sensor II (5), determining the working medium flow when the heat exchange efficiency of the evaporator (4) is highest, and adjusting the working medium flow of the evaporator (4) through the working medium flow control valve (2) of the evaporator to keep the evaporator at high heat exchange efficiency; the expansion ratio of the rotary vane type expander (8) is adjusted through an expansion ratio adjuster (9), so that superheated steam under different working conditions can be fully expanded in the rotary vane type expander (8) to output the maximum power;
b. the set pressure of the pressure regulating valve (13) is regulated to ensure that the flow of the cold working medium passing through the condenser (14) can meet the flow required by heat regeneration; when the flow of the working medium passing through the condenser (14) just meets the flow required by heat regeneration, the flow control valve (25) at the inlet of the working medium pump is closed; if the flow of the working medium passing through the condenser (14) is larger than the flow required by heat return, the working medium pump inlet flow control valve (25) is opened, and the redundant working medium returns to the working medium tank (26) through the working medium pump inlet flow control valve (25);
c. exhaust gas discharged by the rotary vane type expander (8) and a cold working medium passing through the condenser (14) are respectively sprayed into a space heat regenerator (19) by a space heat regenerator exhaust gas ejector (22) and a space heat regenerator cold working medium ejector (18), the exhaust gas and the cold working medium are in direct contact for heat exchange, and the exhaust gas is condensed and liquefied in a flash manner, so that the recovery of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is realized; after passing through the variable frequency pump (1), part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium subjected to heat regeneration in the space heat regenerator (19) is used for the variable expansion ratio heat-power conversion subsystem (I), and part of the high-temperature liquid organic working medium is used for the space heat regeneration subsystem (II), so that circulation is realized.
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