CN107051418A - 一种利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001994 rare earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 7
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- RSEIMSPAXMNYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Eu]O[Eu]=O RSEIMSPAXMNYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZHYBRCGYCPGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[N] Chemical compound [B].[N] TZHYBRCGYCPGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011540 sensing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016644 EuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008118 PEG 6000 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002584 Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GAGGCOKRLXYWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Eu+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GAGGCOKRLXYWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNMXSTWQJRPBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K europium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Eu](Cl)Cl NNMXSTWQJRPBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IDIJOAIHTRIPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-J hexaaluminum;sodium;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecaoxido-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexasilacyclododecane;iron(2+);triborate;tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])O1 IDIJOAIHTRIPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DCKVFVYPWDKYDN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002909 rare earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000246 schorl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000348 titanium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法,将TiO2粉体和稀土金属化合物在液体介质中混合均匀,然后球磨、水洗、干燥,即得稀土金属掺杂TiO2粉体光催化剂。本发明利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法,过程简单,能耗低、成本低,且不存在任何污染;所得催化剂催化性能优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法,属于光催化技术领域。
背景技术
稀土掺杂TiO2可以改变TiO2的禁带宽度,扩展TiO2的吸收光谱,提高光催化反应的光量子效率。因此,有大量关于稀土金属掺杂TiO2的报道。但是,所报道的研究结果多是采用化学方法制备稀土掺杂TiO2,存在工艺复杂、成本高昂和环保问题。
申请号为CN201510753539.9的专利申请公开了一种双稀土共掺杂二氧化钛气敏传感材料的制备,涉及一种双稀土共掺杂二氧化钛气敏传感材料的制备。该方法是将尿素和稀土元素硝酸盐加入到无水乙醇中溶解,之后将液相钛源加入到上述溶液中,形成均相溶液;然后边搅拌边加入去离子水,形成透明凝胶;将上述凝胶进行水热处理,之后洗涤过滤干燥,得到双稀土元素共掺杂二氧化钛纳米材料。通过水热过程中尿素缓慢分解对反应体系进行酸碱度的自行调控,实现稀土元素对二氧化钛掺杂的目的,该方法所得产物可应用于光催化剂等领域,但是制备过程复杂,且成本较高。
公开号为CN105170171A的申请公开了一种稀土复合硼氮共掺二氧化钛光催化剂的制备方法,具体包括:一、配制稀土元素盐溶液;二、制备TiO2悬浊液;三、分散,烘干;四、灼烧。利用该方法制备稀土复合硼氮共掺二氧化钛光催化剂,工艺较简单,但是仍存在能耗高的问题。
公开号为的CN105080528A申请公开了一种预先成型的硅藻土负载TiO2及稀土掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备方法,原硅藻土经酸洗、焙烧后,与粘结剂、助熔剂等均匀混合,制备成型;以钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2及稀土掺杂TiO2溶胶,并将预成型后的硅藻土浸渍在溶胶中,经烘干、煅烧,制得负载型光催化剂,该方法可防止TiO2的流失。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
公开号为CN104069847A的申请公开了稀土铕掺杂纳米TiO2空心玻璃微珠的制备方法,首先使用硫酸铁、硫代硫酸钠、尿素、聚乙二醇-1000在空心玻璃微珠表面包覆磁性纳米Fe3O4,然后使用正硅酸乙酯包覆SiO2中间层,最后使用硫酸钛、尿素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和硝酸铕包覆铕掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,制备出一种具有核壳结构稀土元素掺杂的磁性光催化空心玻璃微珠。该方法提供了一种可磁场回收的稀土掺杂TiO2。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
公开号为CN104056619A的申请公开了一种利用WO3和稀土金属元素La对光催化剂TiO2进行改性的方法,该方法包括,将前驱体钛酸四丁酯分散至溶剂无水乙醇中,经过水解反应得到纳米TiO2颗粒,在反应过程中引入半导体材料WO3和稀土金属元素La,Ti∶WO3∶La的摩尔比为100∶(0~10)∶(1~6)。该方法制备过程中存在环保问题。
公开号为CN103861600A的申请公开了一种过渡金属离子、稀土离子镧、钇掺杂改性TiO2石墨烯复合材料的制备方法,先通过溶胶-凝胶法,将稀土元素和过渡金属离子掺杂到TiO2中,再通过水热反应,将掺杂改性TiO2,负载到氧化石墨烯材料中,得到掺杂改性TiO2/还原石墨烯复合材料。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
公开号为CN103212447A的申请公开了一种稀土金属离子印迹负载型复合光催化剂的制备方法,先将埃洛石进行预处理得到所需的埃洛石;将钛酸四丁酯与乙醇按比例混合并加速搅拌使之充分均匀分散,再缓慢滴加一定配比的浓盐酸、蒸馏水和无水乙醇混合的混合液,即得到TiO2溶胶;将埃洛石浸入TiO2溶胶中,匀速搅拌到均匀至凝胶状,即得到TiO2/埃洛石负载型光催化剂;将制得的TiO2/埃洛石负载型光催化剂加入到一定酸度含稀土金属离子与间苯二胺的混合溶液中并搅拌均匀,再在紫外光引发聚合下制备出离子印迹负载型M-PMPD/TiO2/埃洛石复合光催化剂。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
公开号为CN102836728A的申请公开了一种TiO2/黑电气石/稀土离子复合光催化材料的制备方法,以黑电气石、钛酸四丁酯和稀土氧化物(Nd2O3、Gd2O3)为原料,通过组分设计,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列TiO2/黑电气石/稀土离子(Nd3+,Gd3+)复合光催化材料。并在500℃的煅烧温度制度下对磨细后的干凝胶进行煅烧,冷却后制得TiO2/黑电气石/稀土离子(Nd3+,Gd3+)复合光催化材料。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
公开号为CN101721990A的申请公开了一种双稀土元素La和Y掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备方法,将硝酸镧和硝酸钇晶体与乙醇、水混合后,用硝酸调节pH至2~3,搅拌至完全溶解,制得A液;将钛酸四丁酯缓慢倒入无水乙醇中,加入冰醋酸作为抑制剂,搅拌溶解,制得B液;搅拌下,将A液以每秒1滴的速度滴入B液后再搅拌30min,静置陈化得到透明凝胶;将凝胶在60℃恒温干燥得到干凝胶,研磨成粉,最后置于马弗炉内在400~700℃焙烧3~6h,得到La和Y共掺杂的TiO2纳米光催化剂La-Y/TiO2。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
公开号为CN101601994A的申请公开了稀土改性碳纳米管-TiO2光催化剂的制备方法,首先对碳纳米管进行稀土改性,将碳纳米管依次经过由硫酸和硝酸构成的混合酸、盐酸加热回流,再用去离子水冲洗以去除表面杂质,随后将上述干燥碳纳米管置于稀土改性剂中处理后干燥,放入采用钛酸四丁酯为前躯体制的TiO2溶胶,混合反应后再经过焙烧,即可得到稀土改性碳纳米管-纳米TiO2光催化剂。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
公开号为CN101181678B的申请公开了一种稀土改性光催化剂及其制备的可降解塑料薄膜与制备方法,该发明的稀土改性光催化剂,由稀土元素和二氧化钛组成,稀土元素的重量是钛元素重量的0.1~10%,将该稀土改性光催化剂和聚烯烃树脂共混,可制备可降解塑料薄膜,稀土改性光催化剂的重量为聚烯烃树脂重量的0.1~20%。存在工艺复杂、成本高昂等问题。
综上,现有的方法都是采用化学方法制备稀土掺杂TiO2,存在工艺复杂、成本高昂和环保问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的工艺复杂、成本高昂和环保污染等缺陷,本发明提供一种利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法,将TiO2粉体和稀土金属化合物在液体介质中混合均匀,然后球磨、水洗、干燥,即得稀土金属掺杂TiO2粉体光催化剂。
为了进一步提高催化剂的催化效率,球料比为1000:1-1:1,进一步优选为100:1~1:1。
为了进一步确保所得催化剂的综合性能,球磨在密闭条件下进行;球磨速度为100-1000转/分钟,球磨时间为1~12小时。
球磨过程中,球体互相碰撞,碰撞的瞬间产生较高的能量,使得处于碰撞区的物料发生物理或化学变化,从而达到球磨的目的。
申请人经研究发现,稀土金属元素在碰撞能的作用下,进入TiO2晶格内,导致TiO2晶格改变和禁带宽度变化。其中,稀土金属元素可以单元素掺杂,也可以两种稀土金属元素以上的多元素共掺杂。
TiO2粉体的晶型包括锐钛矿、金红石、板钛矿和无定型。
为了进一步提高催化剂的催化性能,稀土金属化合物包括稀土金属氧化物和稀土金属的可溶性盐(如稀土金属的卤化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐),其中,稀土金属元素和TiO2的摩尔比为0.01%-50%;
为了进一步提高催化性能,液体介质蒸馏水、乙醇、丙醇或丁醇;液体介质的与TiO2粉体的质量比为(0.1:1)-(10:1)。
为了进一步提高所得催化剂的综合性能,球磨所用球体为玛瑙球或不锈钢球,球体直径为2mm-4cm。
球磨时可以使用相同直径的球体,也可以使用不同直径的球体混合。
为了进一步提高催化剂的催化性能,干燥为在100℃下干燥2小时。
本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术。
本发明利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法,过程简单,能耗低、成本低,且不存在任何污染;所得催化剂催化性能优异。
附图说明
图1为图1不同掺杂比的Eu2O3/TiO2和Eu3+/TiO2降解亚甲基蓝反应速率常数k(min-1)。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
制备Eu2O3/TiO2光催化剂:称取5g锐钛型TiO2粉体和稀土氧化物(Eu2O3)置于球磨罐中,其中,稀土金属元素和TiO2的摩尔比分别为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、4.0%、5.0%。球磨罐中放置30颗直径为4.5mm、玛瑙球、6颗直径为10.8mm的大玛瑙球,加入3ml蒸馏水,在转速500rpm下球磨4h。然后取出水洗并在100℃下干燥2小时,制得Eu2O3/TiO2光催化剂催化剂;
实施例2
制备Eu3+/TiO2光催化剂:称取5g锐钛型TiO2粉体和水溶性稀土金属盐(EuCl3)置于球磨罐中,其中,稀土金属元素和TiO2的摩尔比分别为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、4.0%、5.0%。按照与制备Eu2O3/TiO2相同的方法进行球磨。然后经水洗干燥(在100℃下干燥2小时)可制得Eu3+/TiO2光催化剂催化剂;
应用例
光催化降解亚甲基蓝:称量0.2g光催化剂,加入500mL亚甲基蓝水溶液中,以300W中压汞灯作为光源,使用XPA多功能光化学反应仪进行光催化降解亚甲基蓝反应,每隔5min时间取样测定亚甲基蓝溶液吸光度,反应时间为1h。然后根据一级反应定律,计算亚甲基蓝光催化降解反应速率常数。
采用实施例1和实施例2制备的两种催化剂进行光催化降解亚甲基蓝的反应速率常数对比如图1所示。由图可知,两种方式掺杂后的TiO2的光催化活性均高于纯TiO2,当掺杂摩尔比为2.0%时,最大反应速率常数均为后者的2倍以上,而且Eu3+掺杂的效果好于Eu2O3。
Claims (9)
1.一种利用球磨法制备稀土金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:将TiO2粉体和稀土金属化合物在液体介质中混合均匀,然后球磨、水洗、干燥,即得稀土金属掺杂TiO2粉体光催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:球料比为1000:1-1:1。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:球料比为100:1~1:1。
4.如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于:球磨在密闭条件下进行;球磨速度为100-1000转/分钟,球磨时间为1~12小时。
5.如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于:稀土金属化合物包括稀土金属氧化物和稀土金属的可溶性盐,其中,稀土金属元素和TiO2的摩尔比为0.01%-50%。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:稀土金属的可溶性盐为稀土金属卤化物、稀土金属硫酸盐或稀土金属硝酸盐。
7.如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于:液体介质为蒸馏水、乙醇、丙醇或丁醇;液体介质的与TiO2粉体的质量比为(0.1:1)-(10:1)。
8.如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于:球磨所用球体为玛瑙球或不锈钢球,球体直径为2mm-4cm。
9.如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于:干燥为在100℃下干燥2小时。
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