CN107047143A - 一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法 - Google Patents

一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法 Download PDF

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CN107047143A
CN107047143A CN201710168490.XA CN201710168490A CN107047143A CN 107047143 A CN107047143 A CN 107047143A CN 201710168490 A CN201710168490 A CN 201710168490A CN 107047143 A CN107047143 A CN 107047143A
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Abstract

本发明公开一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，松动富贵竹的土壤，向其中加入1.0‑1.5kg的混合基质；（2）发病期，每隔5天对叶面喷洒一次药液；（3）喷施完药剂2天后，在富贵竹叶斑病的病斑处涂芦荟汁水。本发明采用的富贵竹叶斑病的治疗方法，操作步骤简单，效果显著，治疗周期较短，对富贵竹正常的生长发育不产生影响，并且对环境的危害较小。

Description

一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法
技术领域
本发明属于植物种植领域，具体涉及一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法。
背景技术
富贵竹为龙舌兰科、龙血树属的为多年生常绿小乔木观叶植物。植株细长，直立上部有分枝。根状茎横走，结节状；茎干粗壮、直立，株态玲珑。叶互生或近对生，叶长披针形，有明显主脉，叶片浓绿色。伞形花序有花3-10朵生于叶腋或与上部叶对花，花冠钟状，紫色。浆果近球球，黑色。富贵竹原产于加利群岛及非洲和亚洲热带地区，自20世纪80年代后期大量引进中国。一般多用于家庭瓶插或盆栽护养，特别是从中国台湾流传而来的“塔状”造型，又名“开运竹”，观赏价值高。中国有“花开富贵，竹报平安”的祝辞，由于富贵竹茎叶纤秀，柔美优雅，极富竹韵，故而很得人们喜爱。但是富贵竹在种植的过程中，因其抗逆性较差，极易感染上叶斑病，严重影响了其观赏性。目前对富贵竹叶斑病的治疗均是采用化学药剂消毒法，但是化学药剂在使用的过程中，一方面会带来环境污染，另一方面会对富贵竹正常的生长发育产生影响，并且其治疗效果不是很显著。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）松动富贵竹的土壤，向其中加入1.0-1.5kg的混合基质，其中混合基质由以下重量份的组分制成：硅藻土26-38份、炉甘石10-15份、高岭土12-16份、降香5-8份、皂角刺4-6份、松节3-5份；
（2）发病期，每隔5天对叶面喷洒一次药液，其中药液由以下重量份的组分制成：2,6-二氟溴苯10-16份、N-辛基二氨乙基甘氨酸盐酸盐1-3份、尼泊金庚酯4-6份、乙酸联苯胺2-3份、川谷根15-18份、大籽蒿19-23份、秋枫12-15份、马桑叶12-15份、串铃草14-16份、扶桑花7-9份、柏树叶6-8份、荭草花5-7份、菖蒲叶3-5份、水230-250份；
（3）喷施完药剂2天后，在富贵竹叶斑病的病斑处涂芦荟汁水，其中芦荟汁水由以下重量份的组分制成：新鲜芦荟30-40份、新鲜菊花15-20份、新鲜大蒜6-8份、蜂蜜4-6份、水40-50份。
进一步，步骤（1）中的硅藻土、炉甘石、高岭土的平均粒径均为8目，降香、皂角刺、松节的平均粒径为20目。
进一步，步骤（2）中的药液采用以下方法制成：将川谷根、大籽蒿、秋枫放入沸水中，采用中火煎煮2-3小时后，继续向其中加入马桑叶、串铃草、扶桑花、柏树叶、荭草花、菖蒲叶，继续煎煮30min后，过滤得滤液，等到滤液降至室温后，制得药液。
进一步，步骤（3）中的芦荟汁采用以下方法制成：将新鲜芦荟、新鲜菊花、新鲜大蒜混合后，打浆机打汁，然后过滤得到汁水，将其和蜂蜜一起加入至水中，搅拌均匀后，制得芦荟汁水。
由以上的技术方案可知，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明采用的富贵竹叶斑病的治疗方法，操作步骤简单，效果显著，治疗周期较短，对富贵竹正常的生长发育不产生影响，并且对环境的危害较小。其中，富贵竹叶斑病有时候是由土壤中的湿度较大引起的，造成富贵竹的抗逆性下降，进而易感染上各种真菌，硅藻土、炉甘石、高岭土的添加，一方面能有效的控制土壤的湿度，另一方面炉甘石、高岭土与降香、皂角刺、松节协同作用后，能有效的降低土壤中一些病菌的活性，防止病菌扩散至富贵竹的根部，对其造成进一步的伤害；2,6-二氟溴苯、N-辛基二氨乙基甘氨酸盐酸盐、尼泊金庚酯协同作用后，能有效的杀灭富贵竹叶面上的各种病菌，对防止叶斑病的扩散具有显著成效；川谷根、大籽蒿、秋枫、马桑叶中的有效成分协同作用后，能一定程度上降低化学药剂对富贵竹造成的伤害，使得富贵竹能正常的生长发育；串铃草、扶桑花、柏树叶、荭草花、菖蒲叶协同作用后，能深入贵竹叶片病斑处的内部，能有效杀灭的植物组织内部的病菌；芦荟汁水中的有效成分协同作用后，对富贵竹上被病毒侵蚀的部位具有较好的治愈效果，能使得对涂抹出的细胞快速的增生，进而保证富贵竹的观赏性。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据厂家的条件作进一步调整，未说明的实施条件通常为常规实验条件。
实施例1
一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）松动富贵竹的土壤，向其中加入1.0kg的混合基质，其中混合基质由以下重量份的组分制成：硅藻土26份、炉甘石10份、高岭土12份、降香5份、皂角刺4份、松节3份；
（2）发病期，每隔5天对叶面喷洒一次药液，其中药液由以下重量份的组分制成：2,6-二氟溴苯10份、N-辛基二氨乙基甘氨酸盐酸盐1份、尼泊金庚酯4份、乙酸联苯胺2份、川谷根15份、大籽蒿19份、秋枫12份、马桑叶12份、串铃草14份、扶桑花7份、柏树叶6份、荭草花5份、菖蒲叶3份、水230份；
（3）喷施完药剂2天后，在富贵竹叶斑病的病斑处涂芦荟汁水，其中芦荟汁水由以下重量份的组分制成：新鲜芦荟30份、新鲜菊花15份、新鲜大蒜6份、蜂蜜4份、水40份。
进一步，步骤（1）中的硅藻土、炉甘石、高岭土的平均粒径均为8目，降香、皂角刺、松节的平均粒径为20目。
进一步，步骤（2）中的药液采用以下方法制成：将川谷根、大籽蒿、秋枫放入沸水中，采用中火煎煮2小时后，继续向其中加入马桑叶、串铃草、扶桑花、柏树叶、荭草花、菖蒲叶，继续煎煮30min后，过滤得滤液，等到滤液降至室温后，制得药液。
进一步，步骤（3）中的芦荟汁采用以下方法制成：将新鲜芦荟、新鲜菊花、新鲜大蒜混合后，打浆机打汁，然后过滤得到汁水，将其和蜂蜜一起加入至水中，搅拌均匀后，制得芦荟汁水。
实施例2
一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）松动富贵竹的土壤，向其中加入1.3kg的混合基质，其中混合基质由以下重量份的组分制成：硅藻土34份、炉甘石13份、高岭土14份、降香7份、皂角刺5份、松节4份；
（2）发病期，每隔5天对叶面喷洒一次药液，其中药液由以下重量份的组分制成：2,6-二氟溴苯14份、N-辛基二氨乙基甘氨酸盐酸盐2份、尼泊金庚酯5份、乙酸联苯胺2份、川谷根17份、大籽蒿21份、秋枫13份、马桑叶14份、串铃草15份、扶桑花8份、柏树叶7份、荭草花6份、菖蒲叶4份、水240份；
（3）喷施完药剂2天后，在富贵竹叶斑病的病斑处涂芦荟汁水，其中芦荟汁水由以下重量份的组分制成：新鲜芦荟35份、新鲜菊花17份、新鲜大蒜7份、蜂蜜5份、水45份。
进一步，步骤（1）中的硅藻土、炉甘石、高岭土的平均粒径均为8目，降香、皂角刺、松节的平均粒径为20目。
进一步，步骤（2）中的药液采用以下方法制成：将川谷根、大籽蒿、秋枫放入沸水中，采用中火煎煮2小时后，继续向其中加入马桑叶、串铃草、扶桑花、柏树叶、荭草花、菖蒲叶，继续煎煮30min后，过滤得滤液，等到滤液降至室温后，制得药液。
进一步，步骤（3）中的芦荟汁采用以下方法制成：将新鲜芦荟、新鲜菊花、新鲜大蒜混合后，打浆机打汁，然后过滤得到汁水，将其和蜂蜜一起加入至水中，搅拌均匀后，制得芦荟汁水。
实施例3
一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）松动富贵竹的土壤，向其中加入1.5kg的混合基质，其中混合基质由以下重量份的组分制成：硅藻土38份、炉甘石15份、高岭土16份、降香8份、皂角刺6份、松节5份；
（2）发病期，每隔5天对叶面喷洒一次药液，其中药液由以下重量份的组分制成：2,6-二氟溴苯16份、N-辛基二氨乙基甘氨酸盐酸盐3份、尼泊金庚酯6份、乙酸联苯胺3份、川谷根18份、大籽蒿23份、秋枫15份、马桑叶15份、串铃草16份、扶桑花9份、柏树叶8份、荭草花7份、菖蒲叶5份、水250份；
（3）喷施完药剂2天后，在富贵竹叶斑病的病斑处涂芦荟汁水，其中芦荟汁水由以下重量份的组分制成：新鲜芦荟40份、新鲜菊花20份、新鲜大蒜8份、蜂蜜6份、水50份。
进一步，步骤（1）中的硅藻土、炉甘石、高岭土的平均粒径均为8目，降香、皂角刺、松节的平均粒径为20目。
进一步，步骤（2）中的药液采用以下方法制成：将川谷根、大籽蒿、秋枫放入沸水中，采用中火煎煮3小时后，继续向其中加入马桑叶、串铃草、扶桑花、柏树叶、荭草花、菖蒲叶，继续煎煮30min后，过滤得滤液，等到滤液降至室温后，制得药液。
进一步，步骤（3）中的芦荟汁采用以下方法制成：将新鲜芦荟、新鲜菊花、新鲜大蒜混合后，打浆机打汁，然后过滤得到汁水，将其和蜂蜜一起加入至水中，搅拌均匀后，制得芦荟汁水。
对比例1
对比例1中，步骤（2）的药液中不添加2,6-二氟溴苯、N-辛基二氨乙基甘氨酸盐酸盐、尼泊金庚酯、乙酸联苯胺，其余方法与实施例1完全相同。
对比例2
对比例2中，步骤（2）的药液中不添加川谷根、大籽蒿、秋枫、马桑叶、串铃草、扶桑花、柏树叶、荭草花、菖蒲叶，其余方法与实施例2完全相同。
对比例3
对比例3中，在富贵竹叶斑病期间采用42％克菌净粉剂3000倍液喷洒叶面，每隔6天喷1次，连喷3次。
分别用各实施例和对比例的方法对长势相同的、患有叶斑病程度相同的富贵竹进行治疗，当处理后，富贵竹叶斑病消失了，证明治疗有效，其中治疗的有效率=处理后叶斑病消失的株数/处理前患病的总株数，表1为各实施例和对比例的治疗效果统计表：
表1 富贵竹叶斑病的治疗效果
项目 治疗的有效率/%
实施例1 92.7
对比例1 85.4
实施例2 93.1
对比例2 86.8
实施例3 93.5
对比例3 80.1
由表1可知，本发明提供的方法，对富贵竹叶斑病的治疗效果显著。
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不限于上述举例，本技术领域的普通技术人员，在本发明的实质范围内，作出的变化、改变、添加或替换，都应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤：
（1）松动富贵竹的土壤，向其中加入1.0-1.5kg的混合基质，其中混合基质由以下重量份的组分制成：硅藻土26-38份、炉甘石10-15份、高岭土12-16份、降香5-8份、皂角刺4-6份、松节3-5份；
（2）发病期，每隔5天对叶面喷洒一次药液，其中药液由以下重量份的组分制成：2,6-二氟溴苯10-16份、N-辛基二氨乙基甘氨酸盐酸盐1-3份、尼泊金庚酯4-6份、乙酸联苯胺2-3份、川谷根15-18份、大籽蒿19-23份、秋枫12-15份、马桑叶12-15份、串铃草14-16份、扶桑花7-9份、柏树叶6-8份、荭草花5-7份、菖蒲叶3-5份、水230-250份；
（3）喷施完药剂2天后，在富贵竹叶斑病的病斑处涂芦荟汁水，其中芦荟汁水由以下重量份的组分制成：新鲜芦荟30-40份、新鲜菊花15-20份、新鲜大蒜6-8份、蜂蜜4-6份、水40-50份。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中的硅藻土、炉甘石、高岭土的平均粒径均为8目，降香、皂角刺、松节的平均粒径为20目。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中的药液采用以下方法制成：将川谷根、大籽蒿、秋枫放入沸水中，采用中火煎煮2-3小时后，继续向其中加入马桑叶、串铃草、扶桑花、柏树叶、荭草花、菖蒲叶，继续煎煮30min后，过滤得滤液，等到滤液降至室温后，制得药液。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种防治富贵竹叶斑病的种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中的芦荟汁采用以下方法制成：将新鲜芦荟、新鲜菊花、新鲜大蒜混合后，打浆机打汁，然后过滤得到汁水，将其和蜂蜜一起加入至水中，搅拌均匀后，制得芦荟汁水。
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