CN107044306B - Equipment system suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in villages - Google Patents
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- CN107044306B CN107044306B CN201710252425.5A CN201710252425A CN107044306B CN 107044306 B CN107044306 B CN 107044306B CN 201710252425 A CN201710252425 A CN 201710252425A CN 107044306 B CN107044306 B CN 107044306B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
An equipment system suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in villages mainly comprises a biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device and solar CO 2 Energy storage device, steady flow regulator, liquid CO 2 Storage tank, CO 2 High pressure pumping device, turbine/piston expander, generator, regenerator, cooler and compressor, said solar CO 2 The energy storage device comprises light collecting CO 2 Energy storage device and lens energy concentrating device. The invention has the advantages of capability of utilizing large renewable biomass resources in villages and solar energy as energy sources nearby, stable operation, low energy consumption, low investment, low operation cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low carbon and energy, in particular to an equipment system which takes carbon dioxide as a working medium and solar energy and/or biomass as energy and is suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in villages.
Background
Climate change has become one of the problems influencing human survival and development, and a large amount of carbon dioxide emission is considered to be the main reason causing climate warming, and China is taken as the biggest developing country in the world, and the primary energy mainly comprising coal and the secondary energy mainly comprising thermal power generation are structured, and with the rapid increase of the total economic quantity, the CO of the primary energy and the secondary energy is rapidly increased 2 The emission has the characteristics of fast growth and large total amount, low-carbon energy, particularly renewable energy and new energy, which are developed to cope with climate change, become common knowledge of people, and biomass power generation, solar power generation, supercritical carbon dioxide power generation and the like are widely concerned.
Today, the biomass power generation technology is mature and applied, but the existing biomass power generation system is huge, the investment is high, the system is not suitable for the wide and dispersed countryside of the region, the transportation cost problem is not suitable for long-distance transportation, a large amount of biomass such as straws, rice straws and the like is abandoned or burned on the spot, the environment is seriously polluted, the air flight safety is also influenced, although all levels of governments strictly check and supervise year by year, in the countryside where the electricity charge is still expensive and even lack of electricity, the event that the air pollution of a large area is caused by the local burning of a large amount of biomass still forbids the aviation safety is still avoided. The reason is that a biomass power generation method suitable for vast rural areas is lacked. On the other hand, various medium and small-sized coal-fired fluidized bed furnaces, grate furnaces and improved fluidized bed furnaces using high-sulfur stone coal as fuel, which have different investments of only thousands of yuan to tens of thousands of yuan, are widely adopted in vast rural areas and even counties and towns.
Compared with the traditional heat energy power generation system, the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system developed along with the CCS technology application has obvious advantages in the aspects of system heat efficiency, total weight, occupied area, pollutant emission and the like, but a plurality of bottlenecks exist in the application, firstly, the high-efficiency heat exchanger of the existing supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system is the basis of the engineering application of the supercritical power generation system, and the high-efficiency heat exchanger is objectively required to heat the carbon dioxide working medium at equal pressure, so that the heat exchange of the existing supercritical carbon dioxide test loop mostly uses a printed circuit board heat exchanger (PCHE), is suitable for high working temperature and high working pressure, has good expansion capability, can meet the requirement of heating the carbon dioxide working medium at equal pressure by the heat exchanger, and has a complex mechanism and large investment; secondly, the existing supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system comprises a heat source, a high-speed turbine, a high-speed generator, a high-speed compressor, a cooler and the like, the circulation process is that supercritical carbon dioxide is boosted by the compressor, a heat exchanger is used for isobarically heating carbon dioxide working media, the working media enter the turbine to push the turbine to do work to drive the motor to generate power, the working media enter the cooler and then enter the compressor to form closed circulation, and the system investment is large; thirdly, the existing supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle requires that the parameters of a compressor are close to a critical point, the heat exchange end difference is reduced, the compression work of the compressor still accounts for more than 30% of the output work of the turbine in the compression process, and the compression work still accounts for 40 to 50% of the output work of the turbine in the actually applied compression process, namely the compressor of the system still consumes a lot of energy; moreover, the high efficiency of the system circulation needs to be established at the critical point that the carbon dioxide at the outlet of the cooler, namely the suction inlet (circulation starting point) of the compressor is still in the supercritical state of 32 ℃ and 7.4MPaThe difficulty in controlling the running state of the carbon dioxide power generation system is high, and control research still needs to be carried out. Apparently, the existing supercritical CO 2 The technical scheme of the circular power generation is not suitable for the country in China.
In the aspect of utilizing solar energy to generate electricity, a solar energy generating system taking water as a working medium is mature and applied, and CO is used 2 A great deal of research is also carried out for technical workers at home and abroad of a working medium solar power generation system, and the adopted scheme of the relatively mature solar heat collection system is one or a combination of a groove type solar heat collector, a tower type solar heat collector and a disc type solar heat collector, but the scheme has three basic problems which are difficult to solve, wherein one of the three basic problems is large in occupied area and large in investment, the construction of the solar heat collection system has high selection requirement on the site, the general rural site cannot meet the requirement for constructing the solar heat collection system, and the large spatial field of the existing solar heat collection system has great influence on ecology; secondly, the power generation can be carried out only in the daytime and is stopped at night, so that researchers provide a technical scheme that materials such as molten salt are used for storing heat and reserving the heat for power generation at night in the daytime, but a large amount of materials such as the molten salt are used for storing heat energy, and no matter the investment size and feasibility, potential safety hazards and potential environmental pollution hazards are inevitably generated for the environment and personnel quality of villages; thirdly, the temperature and pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide supplied to the turbine of the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system are changed along with the sunlight intensity and sunlight movement in the daytime, so that the output electric energy and voltage and current fluctuation are large, and the overlarge and overfrequency output electric energy and voltage and current fluctuation are extremely not beneficial to the electricity utilization for life and production. The existing various solar power generation methods are not matched with the big multipole in the wide country.
In view of the above, there is an urgent need to develop a supercritical CO2 power generation method which is suitable for the country situation and is beneficial to energy conservation and emission reduction in wide countries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an equipment system which can utilize large renewable biomass resources and solar energy in villages as energy sources nearby, has stable operation, low self-energy consumption, low investment and low operation cost and is suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in villages.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the equipment system suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in villages mainly comprises liquid CO 2 Storage tank, CO 2 High-pressure pumping device and biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device and solar energy CO 2 Energy storage, surge regulator, turbine/piston expander, generator, regenerator, cooler, and compressor, said solar CO 2 The energy storage device comprises light collecting CO 2 Energy storage and lens energy collector, the liquid CO 2 Outlet of storage tank and CO 2 The inlet of the high-pressure pumping device is communicated with the CO 2 The outlet of the high-pressure pumping device is respectively connected with the light-collecting CO 2 Energy storage device inlet and biomass furnace CO 2 The inlets of the energy storage devices are communicated, and the light is collected by CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device is communicated with the inlet of the lens energy collecting device, and the outlet of the lens energy collecting device and the CO of the biomass furnace 2 The outlets of the energy storage devices are respectively communicated with the inlets of the steady flow regulators, the outlets of the steady flow regulators are respectively communicated with the inlets of the turbine/piston type expansion machines, the turbine/piston type expansion machines are connected with the generator shaft, the outlets of the turbine/piston type expansion machines are communicated with the inlets of the heat regenerator low-pressure fluids, the outlets of the heat regenerator low-pressure fluids are communicated with the inlets of the coolers, the outlets of the coolers are communicated with the inlets of the compressors, and the outlets of the compressors are respectively communicated with the liquid CO 2 The inlet of the storage tank is communicated with the high-pressure fluid inlet of the heat regenerator, and the high-pressure fluid outlet of the heat regenerator is respectively communicated with the light-collecting CO 2 Energy storage device inlet and biomass furnace CO 2 The inlet of the energy storage device is communicated. System supercritical CO 2 When the fluid pressure is stabilized in a certain pressure range, CO can be closed 2 High pressure pumping device, supercritical CO 2 CO is realized by fluid under the action of compressor 2 And (5) circularly generating power.
Further, the biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage device is CO 2 CO introduced by high-pressure pumping means and/or compressor 2 Directly absorbs the 700-1500 ℃ high-temperature heat energy released by the combustion of the biomass fuel in the biomass furnace and converts the high-temperature heat energy into high-pressure thermal state supercritical fluid with high energy storage densityBoundary CO 2 A device for fluids. The biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage device mainly comprises a biomass furnace and CO arranged in the biomass furnace 2 An energy storage mechanism; the biomass furnace is a furnace using biomass such as straw branches and leaves as fuel, and comprises a domestic fluidized bed furnace and/or a grate furnace and the like for residents in villages; said CO 2 The energy storage mechanism comprises a heat exchanger. The biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage devices can be used in parallel more than two sets.
Further, the solar CO 2 The energy storage device is warp CO 2 CO introduced by high-pressure pumping means and/or compressor 2 In the light collection of CO 2 The energy storage device absorbs and stores sunlight heat energy at 80-300 ℃, and then enters the lens energy collecting device to continuously absorb high-temperature heat energy at 300-800 ℃ generated by sunlight focused by the convex lens and convert the high-temperature heat energy into high-pressure thermal supercritical CO with high energy storage density 2 A device for fluids.
Further, the light collection CO 2 The energy storage device mainly comprises a support I, a medium-temperature energy storage mechanism, a reflection mechanism, a check valve I, a regulating valve I and a safety valve I, wherein the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism is fixed on the support I, the reflection mechanism is arranged around the support I, the reflection mechanism collects solar energy onto a light collection surface of the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism, and the check valve I is arranged on a light collection CO 2 An energy storage device inlet; the lens energy-gathering device mainly comprises a support II, a high-temperature energy-accumulating mechanism, a convex lens mechanism, a check valve II, a regulating valve II and a safety valve II, wherein the high-temperature energy-accumulating mechanism is fixed on the support II, the convex lens mechanism is arranged around the support II, the convex lens mechanism focuses solar light energy onto a light-gathering surface of the high-temperature energy-accumulating mechanism, and the regulating valve II and the safety valve II are arranged at an outlet of the lens energy-gathering device; said light harvesting CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device is communicated with the inlet of the lens energy collecting device through an adjusting valve I and a check valve II, and the safety valve I is arranged on the light-collecting CO 2 An energy storage device outlet; said light harvesting CO 2 The energy storage device and the lens energy collecting device are arranged in a centralized mode or are arranged separately.
Furthermore, the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism and the high-temperature energy storage mechanism are heat exchangers.
Further, the light collection CO 2 The energy storage device is also provided with a heat storage material and a heat insulation material, the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism is arranged in the heat storage material, and the non-light-collecting surface of the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism is coated by the heat insulation material.
Furthermore, the lens energy collecting device is also provided with a heat storage material and a heat insulation material, the high-temperature energy storage mechanism is arranged in the heat storage material, and the non-light-gathering surface of the high-temperature energy storage mechanism is coated by the heat insulation material.
Further, the solar CO 2 More than two sets of energy storage devices are connected in parallel for use.
Further, the steady flow regulator is used for regulating CO in the biomass furnace 2 Energy storage device and solar CO 2 High-pressure thermal state CO generated by energy storage device and having fluctuation and/or different temperatures and different thermal energy densities 2 Fluid conditioning to isobaric thermal state supercritical CO 2 A device for fluids.
Further, the steady flow regulator comprises a steady flow regulator body, a flow guiding and mixing mechanism, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline; the flow guide mixing mechanism is arranged in the flow stabilizing regulator body, and the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are both arranged on the outer side of the flow stabilizing regulator body; the inlet pipeline and the biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device and solar energy CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device is connected; the outlet line is connected to the inlet of the turbine/piston expander.
Further, the heat regenerator is a box type heat exchanger and/or a plate type heat exchanger and/or a disc type heat exchanger and/or a spiral wound tube type heat exchanger and/or a tube type heat exchanger, and the working medium is supercritical CO 2 A fluid. The heat regenerator is normal-temperature supercritical CO flowing out of the cooler and the compressor 2 Supercritical CO with waste heat from fluid and outlet of turbine/piston type expansion machine 2 The fluid enters CO after full heat exchange 2 The energy storage device stores energy, and the power generation efficiency of the equipment system is further improved.
Further, the biomass fuel boiling furnace and/or grate furnace can be utilized according to the situation.
The technical principle and technical advantages of the invention are as follows:
1) In order to adapt to the energy conditions of the environmental change of the vast rural areas, the biomass furnace which is low in investment and easy to realize clean combustion is reformed into the set biomass furnace CO by utilizing biomass fuel energy such as a great amount of produced straw, rice straw, leaves and the like 2 The energy storage device efficiently obtains high-temperature energy generated by the biomass; in order to utilize solar energy of wide villages which changes with latitude and longitude natural topography and season time, a set of light-collecting CO is set 2 The energy storage device and the lens energy collecting device obtain high-temperature energy generated by solar energy; thus, the supercritical CO can be satisfied according to local conditions and with the lowest investment 2 High-temperature energy conditions required by cycle power generation.
2) Setting liquid CO 2 Storage tank for transporting liquid CO by low-power and low-energy high-pressure pump 2 CO in storage tanks 2 So as to meet the requirements of poor and non-ideal economic environmental conditions of wide remote villages and greatly reduce the self-consumption electric energy in production operation.
3) By using CO 2 Is provided with directly heated CO 2 Energy storage means with CO 2 Supercritical CO in energy storage devices 2 The fluid is used as working medium, directly absorbs and accumulates heat energy with different temperatures and different thermal strengths, and directly absorbs the supercritical CO 2 Conversion of fluid into high-pressure thermal supercritical CO of different energy storage densities 2 The fluid and the mechanism are simple but have high energy storage speed and high efficiency.
4) In order to solve the problems of high requirement on site, wide occupied area, large investment and the like of the existing solar heat collection system, the light-collecting CO which has small occupied area and small investment and is convenient for collecting solar energy along with terrain is arranged 2 Novel solar energy storage device matched with energy storage device and lens energy-collecting device in set so as to facilitate light-collecting CO installed in wide country anywhere 2 The energy storage device obtains 80-300 ℃ medium-low temperature sunlight energy, and then the convex lens of the lens energy collecting device is used for focusing sunlight to generate 300-800 ℃ high-temperature energy to obtain supercritical CO 2 High energy storage required for power generationHigh temperature high pressure supercritical CO of density 2 A fluid. A plurality of sets of 'light collecting CO' can be dispersedly arranged as required 2 Energy storage device + lens energy concentrating device "solar energy storage device.
5) Arranging a steady flow regulator to distribute a plurality of biomass furnaces CO 2 Energy storage device, several solar energy storage devices (light harvesting CO) 2 Energy storage device + lens energy collection device) to generate supercritical CO with different temperatures, different pressures and different energy densities 2 Fluid conditioning to isobaric thermal state supercritical CO 2 Fluid, supercritical CO in an isobaric thermal state 2 The fluid is stably supplied to the turbine or the piston type expansion machine to do work to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the operation condition and the electric energy output of the power generation system can be stabilized.
6) Simultaneously, the low-investment biomass furnace CO utilizing the natural biomass heat energy of the country is arranged 2 Energy storage device and solar energy storage device (containing light-collecting CO) 2 Energy storage device + lens energy gathering device), not only utilized the living beings low carbon energy in rural area on the spot, can naturalize solve the rural area living beings that all levels of government strictly examined and supervise year and burn the problem along with the ground, solved completely "eat by the sun" and can't generate electricity or have the problem of stable electric energy night again, do benefit to the power consumption or the supply network takeaway of rural area life/production and create income.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) Aiming at biomass energy conditions, diversified landforms and sunshine conditions and economic environment conditions of vast rural areas, the developed carbon dioxide cycle power generation equipment system suitable for the rural areas is simple in equipment, small in occupied area, small in investment, low in system self-energy consumption, high in productivity, low in operating cost, simple and reliable in system equipment control, easy to realize automatic control and good in practicability and economy.
2) The method can effectively solve the problem that the environment air and aviation safety are influenced by the local incineration of a large amount of biomass in vast rural areas every year, can produce a large amount of electric energy with high efficiency by renewable low-carbon energy sources on the spot to meet the requirements of life and production, is popularized and applied in the vast rural areas, and can effectively reduce the huge pollution of the increasing coal-electricity production to the environment.
3) The equipment system suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in villages is beneficial to the popularization and application of the CCS technology and the global carbon emission reduction action for coping with climate change, and can avoid CO 2 The deep geological and deep sea sequestration of which have unpredictable effects on the earth's environment, such as liquefied CO 2 The large scale displacement of geological formation methane and deep sea hydrate methane into the earth's atmosphere may pose a catastrophic risk.
4) Is beneficial to the development of rural economy, can promote employment and entrepreneurship of vast rural areas, increase rural income and social wealth, and is beneficial to social stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an installation system for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in a rural area according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a fluidized bed furnace with 1 set of CO 2 Energy storage device and 2 sets of solar energy CO 2 The equipment system of the energy storage device is suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation in villages.
FIG. 3 shows a fluidized bed furnace with 2 sets of CO 2 Energy storage device and 1 set of solar CO 2 The equipment system of the energy storage device is suitable for carbon dioxide cycle power generation of the country.
FIG. 4 shows a fluidized bed furnace CO 2 The equipment system of the energy storage device is shown schematically.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar CO 2 The equipment system of the energy storage device is shown schematically.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a surge tank regulator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a carbon dioxide cycle power generation facility system for rural areas mainly includes liquid CO 2 Storage tank 1, CO 2 High-pressure pumping device 2 and biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device 3, solar energy CO 2 Energy storage means 4, surge regulator 5, turbine/piston expander 6, generator 7, regenerator 8, cooler 9 and compressor 9A, said solar CO 2 The energy storage means 4 comprise light-collecting CO 2 An energy storage device 4A and a lens energy collecting device 4B, the liquid CO 2 The outlet of the storage tank 1 is connected with CO through a first pipeline valve 101 2 The inlet of the high-pressure pumping device 2 is communicated with CO 2 The outlet of the high-pressure pumping device 2 is communicated with a first three-way valve 202 through a first check valve 201, the first three-way valve 202 is communicated with a second three-way valve 203, and the second three-way valve 203 is communicated with the light-collecting CO through a second pipeline valve 401 2 The inlet of the energy storage device 4A is communicated with the light collecting CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 4A is communicated with the inlet of the lens energy collecting device 4B, the outlet of the lens energy collecting device 4B is communicated with the inlet of the steady flow regulator 5 through a fourth pipeline valve 503, and a second three-way valve 203 is communicated with the CO of the biomass furnace through a third pipeline valve 301 2 The inlet of the energy storage device 3 is communicated with a biomass furnace CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 3 is communicated with the inlet of the steady flow regulator 5 through a fifth pipeline valve 302 and a sixth pipeline valve 502, the outlet of the steady flow regulator 5 is communicated with the inlet of a turbine/piston type expansion machine 6 through a seventh pipeline valve 501, the turbine/piston type expansion machine 6 is connected with a shaft of a generator 7, the outlet of the turbine/piston type expansion machine 6 is communicated with the inlet of a low-pressure fluid of a regenerator 8, the outlet of the low-pressure fluid of the regenerator 8 is communicated with the inlet of a cooler 9, the outlet of the cooler 9 is communicated with the inlet of a compressor 9A, and CO is mixed with CO 2 The working medium enters the cooler 9 and the compressor 9A through the eighth pipeline valve 901, the outlet of the compressor 9A is communicated with the third three-way valve 104, and the third three-way valve 104 is communicated with the liquid CO through the ninth pipeline valve 103, the second check valve 102 and the liquid CO 2 The inlet of the storage tank 1 is communicated, the third three-way valve 104 is communicated with the high-pressure fluid inlet of the regenerator 8 through the third check valve 105 and the tenth pipe valve 106, and the high-pressure fluid outlet of the regenerator 8 is communicated with the first three-way valve 202. System supercritical CO 2 When the fluid pressure is stabilized in a certain pressure range, CO can be closed 2 High pressure pumping device 2 and ninth line valve 103, supercritical CO 2 The fluid realizes CO under the action of the compressor 9A 2 And (5) circularly generating power.
The biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage device 3 is a channel CO 2 CO delivered by the high-pressure pumping means 2 and/or the compressor 9A 2 Directly absorb the high temperature of 700-1500 ℃ released by the combustion of the biomass fuel in the biomass furnaceHigh-pressure thermal state supercritical CO for converting heat energy into high energy storage density 2 A device for fluids. The biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage device mainly comprises a biomass furnace and CO arranged in the biomass furnace 2 An energy storage mechanism; the biomass furnace is a furnace using biomass such as straw branches and leaves as fuel, and comprises a domestic fluidized bed furnace and/or a grate furnace and the like for village residents; said CO 2 The energy storage mechanism comprises a heat exchanger. The biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage devices can be used in parallel by more than two sets.
The solar energy CO 2 The energy storage device 4 is a channel CO 2 CO from the high-pressure pumping means 2 and/or the compressor 9A 2 In the light collection of CO 2 The energy storage device 4A absorbs and accumulates the sunlight heat energy at 80-300 ℃, then the sunlight heat energy enters the lens energy collecting device 4B to continuously absorb the high-temperature heat energy at 300-1000 ℃ generated by the sunlight focused by the convex lens, and the high-temperature heat energy is converted into high-pressure thermal state supercritical CO with high energy storage density 2 A device for fluids. The solar energy CO 2 The energy storage devices can be used in parallel more than two sets.
The steady flow regulator 5 is a biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device 3 and solar energy CO 2 Supercritical CO generated by energy storage device 4 and having fluctuating and/or different temperatures and different heat energy densities 2 Fluid conditioning to isobaric thermal state supercritical CO 2 A device for fluids.
The heat regenerator 8 is high-pressure normal-temperature CO flowing out through the cooler 9 and the compressor 9A 2 Low-pressure CO with residual heat from the fluid and from the outlet of the turbine/piston expander 6 2 The fluid enters CO after sufficient heat exchange 2 The energy storage device stores energy, and the generating efficiency of the equipment system is further improved.
Example 1
Referring to FIG. 2, a fluidized bed furnace with 1 set of CO 2 Energy storage device and 2 sets of solar energy CO 2 The equipment system of the energy storage device suitable for the carbon dioxide cycle power generation of the country mainly comprises liquid CO 2 Storage tank 1, CO 2 High-pressure pumping device 2 and fluidized bed furnace CO 2 Energy storage device 3, solar energy CO 2 Energy storage device 4 and second solar energy CO 2 Energy storage device 4', surge regulator 5, turbine 6, generator 7, regenerator 8, cooler 9, and compressor 9A; the solar CO 2 The energy storage means 4 comprise a light collecting CO 2 An energy storage means 4A and a lens energy concentrating means 4B, the second solar energy CO 2 The energy storage device 4' comprises a second light collecting CO 2 An energy storage device 4A 'and a second lens energy collecting device 4B'; the liquid CO 2 The outlet of the tank 1 is connected to the CO via a first pipe valve 101 2 The inlet of the high-pressure pumping device 2 is communicated with CO 2 The outlet of the high-pressure pumping device 2 is communicated with a first three-way valve 202 through a first check valve 201, the first three-way valve 202 is communicated with a second three-way valve 203, and the second three-way valve 203 is communicated with the biomass furnace CO through a third pipeline valve 301 2 An inlet of the energy storage device 3 is communicated, the second three-way valve 203 is respectively communicated with a second pipeline valve 401 and an eleventh pipeline valve 401' through a fourth three-way valve 204, and the second pipeline valve 401 is communicated with the light-collecting CO 2 The inlet of the energy storage device 4A is communicated with the light-collecting CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 4A is communicated with the inlet of the lens energy collecting device 4B, the outlet of the lens energy collecting device 4B is communicated with the inlet of the steady flow regulator 5 through a fourth pipeline valve 503, and an eleventh pipeline valve 401' is communicated with the second light collecting CO 2 An inlet of the energy storage device 4A 'is communicated, an outlet of the second light collecting CO2 energy storage device 4A' is communicated with an inlet of the second lens energy collecting device 4B ', and an outlet of the second lens energy collecting device 4B' is communicated with an inlet of the current stabilizing regulator 5 through a twelfth pipeline valve 504; the biomass furnace CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 3 is communicated with the inlet of the steady flow regulator 5 through a fifth pipeline valve 302 and a sixth pipeline valve 502, the outlet of the steady flow regulator 5 is communicated with the inlet of a turbine 6 through a seventh pipeline valve 501, the turbine 6 is connected with a generator 7 shaft, and the isothermal and thermal state supercritical CO is connected with the generator 2 The fluid supplies the turbine 6 to do work to drive the generator 7 to generate electricity, the outlet of the turbine 6 is communicated with the low-pressure fluid inlet of the heat regenerator 8, the low-pressure fluid outlet of the heat regenerator 8 is communicated with the inlet of the cooler 9, and the CO with the residual heat 2 After heat exchange is carried out from the outlet of the turbine 6 through the heat regenerator 8, the heat exchange enters the inlet of a cooler 9, the outlet of the cooler 9 is communicated with the inlet of a compressor 9A, and CO 2 The working medium enters the cooler 9 and the compressor 9A through the eighth pipeline valve 901, the outlet of the compressor 9A is communicated with the third three-way valve 104, and the third three-way valve 104 passes through the ninth pipeWay valve 103, second check valve 102 and liquid CO 2 The inlet of the storage tank 1 is communicated, the third three-way valve 104 is communicated with the high-pressure fluid inlet of the regenerator 8 through the third check valve 105 and the tenth pipe valve 106, and the high-pressure fluid outlet of the regenerator 8 is communicated with the first three-way valve 202. System supercritical CO 2 When the fluid pressure is stabilized in a certain pressure range, CO can be closed 2 High pressure pumping device 2 and ninth pipeline valve 103, supercritical CO 2 The fluid realizes CO under the action of the compressor 9A 2 And (5) circularly generating power.
In this embodiment, the solar CO 2 Energy storage device 4, second solar energy CO 2 The energy storage device 4' is used in parallel, and of course, more sets of solar energy CO can be arranged 2 The energy storage devices are connected in parallel for use so as to improve the power generation power.
Example 2
Referring to FIG. 3, a fluidized bed furnace with 2 sets of CO 2 Energy storage device and 1 set of solar CO 2 The equipment system of the energy storage device suitable for the carbon dioxide cycle power generation of the country mainly comprises liquid CO 2 Storage tank 1, second liquid CO 2 Storage tank 1', CO 2 High pressure pumping device 2, second CO 2 High-pressure pumping device 2' and fluidized bed furnace CO 2 Energy storage device 3 and second fluidized bed furnace CO 2 Energy storage device 3' and solar energy CO 2 The energy storage device 4, the steady flow regulator 5, the turbine 6, the generator 7, the heat regenerator 8, the cooler 9 and the compressor 9A; said solar CO 2 The energy storage means 4 comprise a light collecting CO 2 An energy storage device 4A and a lens energy collecting device 4B; the liquid CO 2 Inlet of the storage tank 1 and the second liquid CO 2 An inlet of the storage tank 1 ' is communicated with the second check valve 102, the ninth pipeline valve 103, the third three-way valve 104, the thirteenth pipeline valve 103 ' and the fourth check valve 102 ', and the liquid CO is introduced into the storage tank 2 The outlet of the tank 1 is connected to the CO via a first pipe valve 101 2 Inlet of the high pressure pumping device 2 is communicated with CO 2 The outlet of the high-pressure pumping device 2 is communicated with a distribution valve 205 through a first check valve 201, and second liquid CO 2 An outlet of the storage tank 1 'passes through the fourteenth pipeline valve 101' and the second CO 2 The inlet of the high-pressure pumping device 2' is communicated with the second CO 2 High-pressure pumping deviceThe outlet 2 'is communicated with a second three-way valve 203 through a fifth check valve 201'; the second three-way valve 203 is connected with the collected CO through a second pipeline valve 401 2 The inlet of the energy storage device 4A is communicated with the light-collecting CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 4A is communicated with the inlet of the lens energy collecting device 4B, and the outlet of the lens energy collecting device 4B is communicated with the inlet of the flow stabilizing regulator 5 through a twelfth pipeline valve 504; the distributor 205 is respectively communicated with a second three-way valve 203, a first check valve 201, a cold outlet of the heat regenerator 8 and a first three-way valve 202, and the first three-way valve 202 is respectively communicated with the biomass furnace CO through a third pipeline valve 301 2 The energy storage device 3 is communicated with the fifteenth pipeline valve 301' and the second biomass furnace CO 2 The 3' inlet of the energy storage device is communicated with the CO inlet of the biomass furnace 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 3 is communicated with the inlet of the steady flow regulator 5 through a fifth pipeline valve 302 and a sixth pipeline valve 502, and the CO of the second biomass furnace 2 The sixteenth pipeline valve 302 'and the fourth pipeline valve 503 at the outlet of the energy storage device 3' are communicated with the inlet of the flow stabilizing regulator 5; the outlet of the steady flow regulator 5 is communicated with the inlet of a turbine 6 through a seventh pipeline valve 501, the turbine 6 is connected with a generator 7 shaft, and the isothermal and thermal state supercritical CO is in constant pressure 2 The fluid supplies the turbine 6 to do work to drive the generator 7 to generate electricity, the outlet of the turbine 6 is communicated with the low-pressure fluid inlet of the heat regenerator 8, the low-pressure fluid outlet of the heat regenerator 8 is communicated with the inlet of the cooler 9, and the CO with the residual heat 2 After heat exchange is carried out from the outlet of the turbine 6 through the heat regenerator 8, the heat exchange enters the inlet of the cooler 9, the outlet of the cooler 9 is communicated with the inlet of the compressor 9A, and CO 2 The working medium enters the cooler 9 and the compressor 9A through the eighth pipeline valve, an outlet of the compressor 9A is communicated with a fourth three-way valve 107, the fourth three-way valve 107 is communicated with a third three-way valve 104, the fourth three-way valve 107 is communicated with a high-pressure fluid inlet of the heat regenerator 8 through a third check valve 105 and a tenth pipeline valve 106, and a high-pressure fluid outlet of the heat regenerator 8 is communicated with a first three-way valve 202. System supercritical CO 2 When the fluid pressure is stabilized in a certain pressure range, CO can be closed 2 High pressure pumping device 2, second CO 2 The high-pressure pumping device 2 ', the ninth pipeline valve 103, the thirteenth pipeline valve 103', and the supercritical CO 2 The fluid realizes CO under the action of the compressor 9A 2 And (5) circularly generating power.
In this embodiment, the liquid CO 2 Storage tank 1, CO 2 High-pressure pumping device 2 and fluidized bed furnace CO 2 The energy storage device 3 can be used in parallel, and the power generation power is improved.
In the above examples 1 and 2, the fluidized bed furnace CO 2 The energy storage device mainly comprises an inlet regulating valve 3-1, an outlet regulating valve 3-2, a fluidized bed furnace 3-3 and CO as shown in figure 4 2 3-4 parts of energy storage mechanism, 3-5 parts of check valve, 3-6 parts of safety valve, 3-7 parts of temperature and pressure sensor and 3-8 parts of support and hanger; the CO is 2 The energy storage mechanism 3-4 is fixed on the inner wall of the fluidized bed furnace 3-3 by a support and hanger 3-8 or embedded in the refractory material of the inner wall, the inlet regulating valve 3-1 and the check valve 3-5 are arranged outside the low-temperature area of the fluidized bed furnace 3-3 and are connected with CO in the fluidized bed furnace 3-3 2 The inlet of the energy storage mechanism 3-4 is communicated, the outlet regulating valve 3-2, the safety valve 3-6 and the temperature and pressure sensor 3-7 are arranged outside the fluidized bed furnace 3-3 and are communicated with CO in the high-temperature area of the fluidized bed furnace 3-3 2 The outlet of the energy storage mechanism 304 is communicated.
In the examples 1 and 2, the solar CO 2 Energy storage means, as shown in FIG. 5, consisting essentially of light-collecting CO 2 An energy storage device 4A and a lens energy collecting device 4B, the light collecting CO 2 The energy storage device 4A mainly comprises a support I4A 1, a medium-temperature energy storage mechanism 4A2, a reflection mechanism 4A3, a check valve I4A 4, a regulating valve I4A 5 and a safety valve I4A 6, wherein the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism 4A2 is fixed on the support I4A 1, the reflection mechanism 4A3 is arranged around the support I4A 1, the reflection mechanism 4A3 collects solar light energy to a light collecting surface of the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism 4A2, and the check valve I4A 4 is arranged on a light collecting CO 2 The inlet of the energy storage device 4A; the lens energy-collecting device 4B mainly comprises a support II 4B1, a high-temperature energy storage mechanism 4B2, a convex lens mechanism 4B3, a check valve II 4B4, a regulating valve II 4B5 and a safety valve II 4B6, wherein the high-temperature energy storage mechanism 4B2 is fixed on the support II 4B1, the convex lens mechanism 4B3 is arranged around the support II 4B1, the convex lens mechanism 4B3 focuses solar light energy on a light-collecting surface of the high-temperature energy storage mechanism 4B2, the regulating valve II 4B5 and the safety valve II 4B6 are arranged at an outlet of the lens energy-collecting device 4B, and light-collecting CO is collected at an outlet of the lens energy-collecting device 4B 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 4A and the inlet of the lens energy collecting device 4B are connected through a regulating valve I4A 5 and a check valveII 4B4, and the safety valve I4A 6 is arranged on the light-collecting CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device 4A; said light harvesting CO 2 The energy storage device 4A and the lens energy collecting device 4B are arranged in a centralized manner or separately.
The medium-temperature energy storage mechanism 4A2 and the high-temperature energy storage mechanism 4B2 are heat exchangers.
On the basis, the light-collecting CO 2 The energy storage device can also be provided with a heat storage material and a heat insulation material, the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism 4A2 is arranged in the heat storage material, and the non-light-collecting surface of the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism is coated by the heat insulation material.
On the basis, the lens energy collecting device can also be provided with a heat storage material and a heat insulating material, the high-temperature energy storage mechanism is arranged in the heat storage material, and the non-light-gathering surface of the high-temperature energy storage mechanism is coated by the heat insulating material.
Light harvesting CO as described above 2 The energy storage device 4A is used for absorbing the heat energy of the sunlight at 80-300 ℃, the lens energy collecting device 4B is used for absorbing the heat energy of the focusing light energy at 300-1000 ℃, and the light collecting CO is used for collecting the heat energy 2 The energy storage device 4A and the lens energy collecting device 4B can be used in a plurality of series or parallel combination according to the energy storage efficiency.
In the embodiments 1 and 2, the steady flow regulator, as shown in fig. 6, includes a steady flow regulator body 41, a flow guiding mixing mechanism 42, an inlet pipeline 43 and an outlet pipeline 44; the diversion mixing mechanism 42 is arranged in the steady flow regulator body 41, and the inlet pipeline 43 and the outlet pipeline 44 are both arranged on the steady flow regulator body 41; the inlet pipeline 43 and the biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device and solar CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device is connected; the outlet line 44 is connected to the inlet of the turbine/piston expander; the inlet pipeline 43 is provided with a first warm-pressure sensor 431, a flowmeter 432, a distributor 433 and a third check valve 434; the outlet pipeline 44 is provided with a pressure regulating valve 441 and a second warm-pressure sensor 442; the flow-guiding mixing mechanism 42 includes at least one of a helical blade 421, a baffle 422, or a perforated plate 423.
Fluctuating, high pressure thermal supercritical CO of different temperature and different thermal energy density 2 The fluid passes through the biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device and solar energy CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device flows out and enters the inlet pipeline 43, and the supercritical CO in the pipeline is detected by the first temperature and pressure sensor 431 2 Temperature and pressure of fluid, supercritical CO according to power generation requirement of turbine/piston type expander 2 The temperature and pressure of the fluid are detected by a flow meter 432, and various supercritical CO on the pipeline are controlled by a distributor 433 2 Flow rate of fluid such that supercritical CO enters the surge tank body 41 2 After the fluid is acted by the diversion mixing mechanism 42, the second temperature and pressure sensor 442 on the outlet pipeline 44 detects the isobaric and isothermal supercritical CO output in the pipeline 2 The temperature and pressure of the fluid are satisfactory.
Claims (10)
1. Be applicable to the equipment system of carbon dioxide cycle electricity generation in rural area, its characterized in that: mainly comprises biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device and solar energy CO 2 Energy storage device, steady flow regulator, liquid CO 2 Storage tank, CO 2 High pressure pumping device, turbine/piston expander, generator, regenerator, cooler and compressor, said solar CO 2 The energy storage device comprises light collecting CO 2 Energy storage device and lens energy collecting device, the liquid CO 2 Outlet of storage tank and CO 2 The inlet of the high-pressure pumping device is communicated with the CO 2 The outlet of the high-pressure pumping device is respectively connected with the light collecting CO 2 Energy storage device inlet and biomass furnace CO 2 The inlets of the energy storage devices are communicated, and the light is collected by CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device is communicated with the inlet of the lens energy collecting device, the outlet of the lens energy collecting device and the biomass furnace CO 2 The accumulator outlets are respectively communicated with a steady-state regulator inlet, the steady-state regulator outlet is communicated with a turbine/piston expander inlet, the turbine/piston expander is connected with the generator shaft, the turbine/piston expander outlet is communicated with a regenerator low-pressure fluid inlet, the regenerator low-pressure fluid outlet is communicated with a cooler inlet, the cooler outlet is communicated with a compressor inlet, the compressor outlets are respectively communicated with liquid CO 2 The inlet of the storage tank is communicated with the high-pressure fluid inlet of the heat regenerator, and the high-pressure fluid outlet of the heat regenerator is respectively communicated with the light-collecting CO 2 Energy storage device inlet and biomass furnace CO 2 The inlet of the energy storage device is communicated.
2. The system of equipment for carbon dioxide cycle power generation suitable for rural areas according to claim 1, wherein: the biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage device is warp CO 2 CO delivered by high-pressure pumping device and/or compressor 2 Directly absorbs the 700-1500 ℃ high-temperature heat energy released by the combustion of the biomass fuel in the biomass furnace and converts the high-temperature heat energy into high-pressure thermal supercritical CO with high energy storage density 2 A device for fluids.
3. The system of equipment for carbon dioxide cycle power generation suitable for rural areas according to claim 2, wherein: the biomass furnace CO 2 The energy storage device mainly comprises a biomass furnace and CO arranged in the biomass furnace 2 An energy storage mechanism; the biomass furnace is a furnace using biomass as fuel, and comprises a domestic fluidized bed furnace and/or a grate firing furnace of village residents; said CO 2 The energy storage mechanism comprises a heat exchanger.
4. The system of equipment for carbon dioxide cycle power generation suitable for rural areas according to claim 3, wherein: the biomass furnace CO 2 More than two sets of energy storage devices are connected in parallel for use.
5. The carbon dioxide cycle power generation equipment system for rural area according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the solar energy CO 2 The energy storage device is warp CO 2 CO introduced by high-pressure pumping means and/or compressor 2 In the light collection of CO 2 The energy storage device absorbs and stores sunlight heat energy at 80-300 ℃, and then enters the lens energy collecting device to continuously absorb high-temperature heat energy at 300-800 ℃ generated by sunlight focused by the convex lens and convert the high-temperature heat energy into high-pressure thermal supercritical CO with high energy storage density 2 A device for fluids.
6. The system of equipment for carbon dioxide cycle power generation suitable for rural areas according to claim 5, wherein: said light harvesting CO 2 The energy storage device mainly comprises a support I, a medium-temperature energy storage mechanism, a reflecting mechanism, a check valve I, a regulating valve I and a safety valve I, wherein the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism is fixed on the support I, the reflecting mechanism is arranged around the support I, the reflecting mechanism collects solar energy onto a light collecting surface of the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism, and the check valve I is arranged on a light collecting CO 2 An energy storage device inlet; the lens energy collecting device mainly comprises a support II, a high-temperature energy storage mechanism, a convex lens mechanism, a check valve II, a regulating valve II and a safety valve II, wherein the high-temperature energy storage mechanism is fixed on the support II, the convex lens mechanism is arranged around the support II, the convex lens mechanism focuses solar light energy onto a light collecting surface of the high-temperature energy storage mechanism, the regulating valve II and the safety valve II are arranged at the outlet of the lens energy collecting device, and the light collecting CO is collected at the outlet of the lens energy collecting device 2 The outlet of the energy storage device is communicated with the inlet of the lens energy collecting device through an adjusting valve I and a check valve II, and the safety valve I is arranged on the light-collecting CO 2 An energy storage device outlet; said light harvesting CO 2 The energy storage device and the lens energy collecting device are arranged in a centralized mode or are arranged separately.
7. The system of equipment for carbon dioxide cycle power generation for rural areas according to claim 6, wherein: said light harvesting CO 2 The energy storage device is also provided with a heat storage material and a heat insulation material, the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism is arranged in the heat storage material, and the non-light-collecting surface of the medium-temperature energy storage mechanism is coated by the heat insulation material; the lens energy collecting device is further provided with a heat storage material and a heat insulation material, the high-temperature energy storage mechanism is arranged in the heat storage material, and the non-light-focusing surface of the high-temperature energy storage mechanism is coated by the heat insulation material.
8. The system of equipment for carbon dioxide cycle power generation suitable for rural areas according to claim 7, wherein: the solar energy CO 2 The energy storage device is formed by connecting more than two sets in parallelThe application is as follows.
9. The equipment system for carbon dioxide cycle power generation suitable for rural areas according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the steady flow regulator is used for regulating CO in the biomass furnace 2 Energy storage device and solar CO 2 High-pressure thermal state CO generated by energy storage device and having fluctuation and/or different temperatures and different thermal energy densities 2 Fluid conditioning to isobaric thermal state supercritical CO 2 A device for fluids.
10. The system of equipment for carbon dioxide cycle power generation for rural areas according to claim 9, wherein: the flow stabilizing regulator comprises a flow stabilizing regulator body, a flow guiding and mixing mechanism, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline; the flow guide mixing mechanism is arranged in the steady flow regulator body, and the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are both arranged on the outer side of the steady flow regulator body; the inlet pipeline and the biomass furnace CO 2 Energy storage device and solar energy CO 2 The outlet of the energy storage device is connected; the outlet line is connected to the inlet of the turbine/piston expander.
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