CN107034661A - 一种抗菌防紫外线的多功能面料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗菌防紫外线的多功能面料，其制备工艺将P25二氧化钛粉末分散在水中形成悬浮液，其pH调节为7‑9；向悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的硝酸银溶液，逐滴加入相应化学计量比的氢氧化钠溶液，形成的氧化银负载二氧化钛催化剂与液相离心分离，得到沉淀物；沉淀物冷冻干燥随后将干燥的沉淀物研磨成细小粉末，即得干燥的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂；将Ag2O/TiO2整理剂和水性聚氨酯复配为涂层剂。将拟改性面料固定在涂层机上，涂上整理剂即制得多功能面料。本发明制得的功能面料填补了现有技术的空白。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织面料，特别涉及功能性面料。
背景技术
随着科技的进步、人们生活水平的提高，消费者的着装观念在转变，对生活环境与质量的要求也越来越高，功能面料即将成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的服装面料。针织面料和针织服装发展十分迅速，新型纤维的应用是针织面料开发的主旋律，针织面料的功能性整理提高了面料的使用价值和附加值。
近年来各种用于面料功能整理的整理剂，包括抗菌防臭整理剂、防螨整理剂、防虫整理剂、防紫外线整理剂、负离子整理剂、远红外线整理剂、阻燃整理剂、吸汗速干整理剂、香味整理剂、易去污整理剂、护肤整理剂和无甲醛防皱整理剂等的研究和应用成为面料开发的热点。其中纳米材料所拥有的特性为针织服用产品在保健功能方面的应用奠定了基础。
棉针织面料具有柔软、吸湿、透气等良好的服用舒适性，适用于童装、针织内衣、T恤及其他贴身穿着的针织服装的制作。对于夏季贴身穿着的棉针织服装而言，如赋予其抗菌、抗紫外功能，则将具有更高的附加价值。全棉针织面料的抗菌、抗紫外功能一般只能通过后整理获得。目前，对全棉针织面料进行抗菌或抗紫外单一功能整理的技术较成熟，但如何使全棉针织面料同时具有抗菌和抗紫外两种功能，且在赋予织物这两种功能的同时，又能保持全棉针织面料原有手感柔软、透气性好等良好的服用舒适性，则是功能性棉针织面料的研究方向之一。
P25二氧化钛是赢创德固赛EVONIK-DEGUSSA公司采用AEROSIL工艺生产的一种高度分散的气相法纳米级二氧化钛，P25二氧化钛是一种纳米级的白色粉末，表面的氢氧基团使其具有亲水性，并且该产品没有任何色素特征。基本颗粒的平均粒径大约为21nm，颗粒的大小和4g/cm3的密度使其具有50m2/g的特殊表面。
P25二氧化钛属于混晶型，锐钛矿和金红石的重量比大约为71/29，由于两种结构混杂增大了TiO2晶格内的缺陷密度，增大了载流子的浓度，使电子、空穴数量增加，使其具有更强的捕获在TiO2表面的溶液组份（水、氧气、有机物）的能力。
二氧化钛P25具有大的比表面积，表面原子数、表面能和表面张力随着粒径的下降急剧增加，小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应及宏观量子隧道效应等导致纳米微粒的热、磁、光、敏感特性和表面稳定性等不同于常规粒子。由于TiO2电子结构所具有的特点，使其受光时生成化学活泼性很强的超氧化物阴离子自由基和羟基自由基，攻击有机物，达到降解有机污染物的作用。当遇到细菌时，直接攻击细菌的细胞，致使细菌细胞内的有机物降解，以此杀灭细菌，并使之分解。纳米二氧化钛不仅能影响细菌繁殖力，而且能破坏细菌的细胞膜结构，达到彻底降解细菌，防止内毒素引起的二次污染，纳米二氧化钛属于非溶出型材料，在降解有机污染物和杀灭菌的同时，自身不分解、不溶出，光催化作用持久，并具有持久的杀菌、降解污染物效果。
银或银离子也具有抗菌活性，其抗菌机理主要包括:破坏细胞膜,细胞质外漏,破坏菌体;可以使DNA 分子浓缩,抑制DNA 分子复制;抑制酶活性,银易与蛋白质上的硫基-SH发生反应,致使酶失活;同时银具有光催化活性,光照条件下,产生活性含氧自由基杀菌。
然而，Ag2O很难直接应用在功能面料的整理工艺上，因此，如何同时将P25二氧化钛和Ag2O的特性赋予面料上形成功能面料，是目前亟待解决的。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种同时具备抗菌和防紫外功能的面料的制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术手段实现：
一种抗菌防紫外线的多功能面料，其制备工艺包括如下步骤：
（a）将P25二氧化钛粉末分散在水中形成悬浮液，室温下搅拌4-12 h；
（b）用氢氧化钠溶液和盐酸溶液将步骤（a）中得到的悬浮液pH调节为7-9；
（c）按照加入二氧化钛的量，向步骤（b）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的硝酸银溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌0.5-3 h，使Ag+在二氧化钛表面达到吸附平衡；
（d）向步骤（c）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的氢氧化钠溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌0.5-3 h；
（e）将步骤（d）中形成的氧化银负载二氧化钛催化剂与液相离心分离，用水和乙醇洗涤3-6次，得到沉淀物；
（f）将步骤（e）中得到的沉淀物冷冻干燥12-36 h，随后将干燥的沉淀物研磨成细小粉末，即得干燥的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂；
（g）按重量百分比取5-30份的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂、70-95份的水性聚氨酯复配为涂层剂。将拟改性面料固定在涂层机上，控制涂层厚度为0.1-2 mm，行进速度为50-200 mm/s，干燥温度为20-35℃，即制得多功能面料。
本发明中，P25二氧化钛取多少的量以及用多少的水来制备悬浮液，在实际中是根据需要制得Ag2O/TiO2整理剂的量来推算确定的。
本发明的有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明制得的功能面料，可以有效地杀菌、防紫外线，本发明通过P25二氧化钛生产制作出的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂工艺成本低廉，该整理剂在现有技术中并非作为面料的整理剂在使用，通常是生产化工行业中使用的催化剂的半成品，将其作为整理剂改善纺织面料的功能性填补了现有技术的空白。
本发明经涂层整理后的面料的抗菌和防紫外性能有明显提升：洗涤10次后，UPF>50；抗菌性能稳定，抑菌率>80%。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（a）将P25二氧化钛粉末分散在水中形成悬浮液，室温下搅拌4h；
（b）用氢氧化钠溶液和盐酸溶液将步骤（a）中得到的悬浮液pH调节为7；
（c）按照加入二氧化钛的量，向步骤（b）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的硝酸银溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌0.5h，使Ag+在二氧化钛表面达到吸附平衡；
（d）向步骤（c）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的氢氧化钠溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌0.5 h；
（e）将步骤（d）中形成的氧化银负载二氧化钛催化剂与液相离心分离，用水和乙醇洗涤3次，得到沉淀物；
（f）将步骤（e）中得到的沉淀物冷冻干燥12 h，随后将干燥的沉淀物研磨成细小粉末，即得干燥的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂；
（g）按重量百分比取5份的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂、95份的水性聚氨酯复配为涂层剂。将拟改性面料固定在涂层机上，控制涂层厚度为0.1mm，行进速度为50 mm/s，干燥温度为20℃，即制得多功能面料。
实施例2
（a）将P25二氧化钛粉末分散在水中形成悬浮液，室温下搅拌5 h；
（b）用氢氧化钠溶液和盐酸溶液将步骤（a）中得到的悬浮液pH调节为8；
（c）按照加入二氧化钛的量，向步骤（b）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的硝酸银溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌1h，使Ag+在二氧化钛表面达到吸附平衡；
（d）向步骤（c）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的氢氧化钠溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌1.5 h；
（e）将步骤（d）中形成的氧化银负载二氧化钛催化剂与液相离心分离，用水和乙醇洗涤5次，得到沉淀物；
（f）将步骤（e）中得到的沉淀物冷冻干燥20 h，随后将干燥的沉淀物研磨成细小粉末，即得干燥的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂；
（g）按重量百分比取15份的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂、85份的水性聚氨酯复配为涂层剂。将拟改性面料固定在涂层机上，控制涂层厚度为0.8mm，行进速度为120 mm/s，干燥温度为28℃，即制得多功能面料。
实施例3
（a）将P25二氧化钛粉末分散在水中形成悬浮液，室温下搅拌12 h；
（b）用氢氧化钠溶液和盐酸溶液将步骤（a）中得到的悬浮液pH调节为9；
（c）按照加入二氧化钛的量，向步骤（b）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的硝酸银溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌3 h，使Ag+在二氧化钛表面达到吸附平衡；
（d）向步骤（c）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的氢氧化钠溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌3 h；
（e）将步骤（d）中形成的氧化银负载二氧化钛催化剂与液相离心分离，用水和乙醇洗涤6次，得到沉淀物；
（f）将步骤（e）中得到的沉淀物冷冻干燥36 h，随后将干燥的沉淀物研磨成细小粉末，即得干燥的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂；
（g）按重量百分比取30份的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂、70份的水性聚氨酯复配为涂层剂。将拟改性面料固定在涂层机上，控制涂层厚度为2 mm，行进速度为200 mm/s，干燥温度为35℃，即制得多功能面料。
Claims (1)
1.一种抗菌防紫外线的多功能面料，其制备工艺包括如下步骤：
（a）将P25二氧化钛粉末分散在水中形成悬浮液，室温下搅拌4-12 h；
（b）用氢氧化钠溶液和盐酸溶液将步骤（a）中得到的悬浮液pH调节为7-9；
（c）按照加入二氧化钛的量，向步骤（b）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的硝酸银溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌0.5-3 h，使Ag+在二氧化钛表面达到吸附平衡；
（d）向步骤（c）得到的悬浮液中逐滴加入相应化学计量比的氢氧化钠溶液，在黑暗条件和室温下搅拌0.5-3 h；
（e）将步骤（d）中形成的氧化银负载二氧化钛催化剂与液相离心分离，用水和乙醇洗涤3-6次，得到沉淀物；
（f）将步骤（e）中得到的沉淀物冷冻干燥12-36 h，随后将干燥的沉淀物研磨成细小粉末，即得干燥的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂；
（g）按重量百分比取5-30份的Ag2O/TiO2整理剂、70-95份的水性聚氨酯复配为涂层剂，将拟改性面料固定在涂层机上，控制涂层厚度为0.1-2 mm，行进速度为50-200 mm/s，干燥温度为20-35℃，即制得多功能面料。
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