CN107031429B - 车辆充电终止系统和方法 - Google Patents

车辆充电终止系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN107031429B
CN107031429B CN201610930269.9A CN201610930269A CN107031429B CN 107031429 B CN107031429 B CN 107031429B CN 201610930269 A CN201610930269 A CN 201610930269A CN 107031429 B CN107031429 B CN 107031429B
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electric vehicle
charging
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termination system
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CN107031429A (zh
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艾德·M·杜达尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种根据本发明一示例性方面的充电终止系统，除了其它方面，包括配置为从第一位置转换到第二位置的开关，以及延伸到外部电源的充电电路。处于第一位置的开关允许充电电路对电动车辆充电。处于第二位置的开关阻止充电电路对电动车辆充电。

Description

车辆充电终止系统和方法
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及响应于碰撞事件而终止电动车辆的充电。
背景技术
电动车辆与传统机动车辆不同是因为电动车辆使用一个或多个由牵引电池供电的电机来选择性驱动。电机可以代替内燃发动机驱动电动车辆，或者除了内燃发动机以外还使用电机驱动电动车辆。示例电动车辆包括混合动力电动车辆(Hybrid ElectricVehicle，HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle，PHEV)、燃料电池电动汽车(Fuel Cell Vehicles，FCV)和电池电动车辆(Battery ElectricVehicle，BEV)。
为如PHEV的电动车辆的牵引电池充电可以包含将电动车辆电连接到外部电源。电动车辆可以包括当外部电源正在对牵引电池充电时非激活的电动碰撞传感器。例如，当外部电源正在对牵引电池充电时与约束控制模块相关联的电动碰撞传感器通常处于非激活状态。
发明内容
一种根据本发明一示例性方面的充电终止系统，除了其它方面，包括配置为从第一位置转换到第二位置的开关，以及延伸到外部电源的充电电路。处于第一位置的开关允许充电电路对电动车辆充电。处于第二位置的开关阻止充电电路对电动车辆充电。
在前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关是被动式开关。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关是惯性开关。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关配置为响应于电动车辆相对于充电站的移动而从第一位置转换到第二位置。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关在电动车辆内部。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关至少部分地处于接合充电器总成的车辆充电器插头的插座中。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，系统包括充电器总成的充电绳。充电绳保持开关。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，系统包括充电器总成的车辆充电器插头。充电器插头保持开关。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，当电动车辆处于静止时，处于第一位置的开关允许充电电路对电动车辆充电。
在任一前述系统的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关配置为当电动车辆处于点火开关关断状态时，从第一位置转换到第二位置。
一种根据本发明另一示例性方面的电动车辆充电终止方法，除了其它方面，包括使用充电站对电动车辆充电，以及响应于电动车辆和充电站之间的相对移动而将开关从允许充电的第一位置转换到阻止充电的第二位置。
在前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，电动车辆在充电期间点火开关关断。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关是惯性开关。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关是被动式开关。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，方法包括将开关保持在电动车辆内部。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，方法包括将开关保持在充电器总成的车辆充电器插头中。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，方法包括将开关保持在充电器总成的充电器电缆中。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，开关断开在电网电源和电动车辆之间延伸的充电电路。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，电动车辆的约束控制模块在充电期间是关闭的。
在任一前述方法的进一步非限制性实施例中，方法还包含响应于相对移动、转换或两者而从电动车辆传输通信。
附图说明
通过具体实施方式，所公开的示例的各种特征和优点对于本领域技术人员来说将变得显而易见。伴随具体实施方式的附图可被简述如下：
图1显示了示例性电动车辆动力传动系统；
图2显示了包含图1的电动车辆动力传动系统且在充电站的充电位置中的示例性电动车辆；
图3显示了图2的电动车辆和充电站的高度示意图；
图4显示了在示例性碰撞事件之后图2的电动车辆和充电站的高度示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明总体上涉及使用充电站对电动车辆牵引电池充电，以及响应于碰撞事件而终止充电。
参照图1，插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)的动力传动系统10包括具有电池单元的牵引电池14。动力传动系统10还包括内燃发动机20、马达22和发电机24。马达22和发电机24是电机的类型。马达22和发电机24可以是单独的或以组合马达-发电机的形式。
在本实施例中，动力传动系统10是采用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配动力传动系统。第一和第二驱动系统产生扭矩以驱动一组或多组车辆驱动轮28。第一驱动系统包括发动机20和发电机24的组合。第二驱动系统至少包括马达22、发电机24和牵引电池14。马达22和发电机24是动力传动系统10的电驱动系统的部分。
发动机20和发电机24通过动力传递装置30连接，如行星齿轮组。当然，包括其他齿轮组和变速器的其他类型动力传输单元可用于将发动机20连接到发电机24。在一个非限制性实施例中，动力传输单元30是包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34和行星齿轮架总成36的行星齿轮组。
发电机24可由发动机20通过动力传输单元30驱动以将动能转换为电能。发电机24可以作为选择地用作马达以将电能转换为动能，从而输出扭矩到连接到动力传输单元30的轴38。
动力传输单元30的环形齿轮32连接到轴40，轴40通过第二动力传输单元44连接到车辆驱动轮28。第二动力传输装置44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其他动力传输单元可以在其他实施例中使用。
齿轮46从发动机20传递扭矩到差速器48以最终提供牵引力到车辆驱动轮28。差速器48可以包括使扭矩能够传递到车辆驱动轮28的多个齿轮。在这个示例中，第二个动力传输单元44通过差速器48机械地连接到轮轴50以将扭矩分配给车辆驱动轮28。
马达22可以选择性地使用以通过输出扭矩到轴54来驱动车辆驱动轮28，轴54同样连接到第二动力传输装置44。在该实施例中，马达22和发电机24作为再生制动系统的部分，再生制动系统中马达22和发电机24都可以用作马达以输出转矩。例如，马达22和发电机24可以各自输出电力以对牵引电池14的单元再充电。
参考图2且继续参考图1，示例性电动车辆60结合了图1的动力传动系统10。示例性电动车辆60是插电式混合动力电动车辆。电动车辆60显示处于充电位置，在充电位置电动车辆电连接到充电站64。
充电站64包括绳索型充电器总成68和电网电源72。充电器总成68从电网电源72传输电能到电动车辆60。在这个示例中，充电器总成68包括壁式电源插座76、在壳体中的充电器主体80、充电器电缆84和车辆充电器插头88。
使用充电站64对电动车辆60充电包含将电动车辆60定位到充电站64附近且将车辆充电器插头88电连接到电动车辆60。然后电能可以从电网电源72移动到电动车辆60，且具体地移动到动力传动系统10的牵引电池14。
当电动车辆60是固定的时，电动车辆60电连接到车辆充电器插头88以及壁式电源插座76电连接到电网电源72，电动车辆60处于充电位置。牵引电池14可以当电动车辆60处于充电位置时被充电。
当电动车辆60正在充电位置充电时电动车辆60通常是处于点火开关关断状态。在这个示例中，当电动车辆60正在充电位置充电时，与对电动车辆60充电无关的电气系统是非激活或非供电的。当电动车辆60处于点火开关关断状态时，用于检测碰撞事件的许多传感器没有供电且因此没有检测到碰撞事件。
例如，示例性电动车辆60包括具有电驱动传感器以检测碰撞事件的约束控制模块。约束控制模块当电动车辆60处于点火开关接通状态时是激活的。约束控制当电动车辆60处于点火开关关断状态时是非激活的，以便除了其它方面，防止安全气囊在不需要时充气。因此约束控制模块的电驱动传感器当电动车辆60处于充电位置时不检测碰撞事件。(示例性碰撞事件可以包括接触处于静止的电动车辆60的另一车辆。)
在碰撞事件之后用来自电网电源72的电能继续对电动车辆60充电往往是不可取的。示例性电动车辆60包含响应于碰撞事件而终止用来自电网电源72的电能对电动车辆60充电部件。
现在参考图3并且继续参考图2，将壁式电源插座76电连接到电网电源72、以及将车辆充电器插头88电连接到电动车辆60形成延伸到电网电源72的充电电路92。电能是从电网电源72通过充电站64沿着充电电路92传输到电动车辆60。
示例性充电电路92包含可以从允许充电电路92传输电能到电动车辆60的第一位置转换到阻止充电电路92传输电能到电动车辆60的第二位置的开关96。开关96可以包括单个开关或多个独立的开关。
在本示例中，开关96响应于碰撞事件而从第一位置转换到第二位置。示例性开关96是被动式开关。即，开关96不是电动的且不需要电动车辆60为了开关96从第一位置转换到第二位置而被操作或处于点火开关接通位置。
更特别地，开关96包括可以感测与碰撞事件相关联的冲击或振动的一个或多个被动惯性开关。开关96包括保持在弹簧加载的保持架中的重量。如由碰撞事件导致的对开关96的冲击——例如冲击和高G力——可以相对于保持架移动重量。如果重量移动足够，则保持架的弹簧偏置被释放并且开关96从第一位置转换到第二位置。在一些示例中，开关96需要弹簧加载的保持架的手动复位以使开关96从第二位置转换回到第一位置。在其他示例中，使用除了被动惯性开关的开关。
在这个示例中，碰撞事件导致开关96从允许充电的第一位置转换到充电被阻止的第二位置。特别地，开关96响应于由碰撞事件导致的冲击、振动或两者而进行转换。因此，开关96响应于碰撞事件而终止电动车辆60的充电。
图4显示了电动车辆60从图3所示的充电位置移动到另一个位置。示例性碰撞事件在充电位置施加力F到电动车辆60，引起电动车辆60从充电位置(如图4虚线所示)移动到另一位置。电动车辆60的移动使开关96从图3的第一位置转换到图4的第二位置。
示例性开关96保持在电动车辆60内。开关96可以安装在电动车辆60的车架中适合检测碰撞事件的位置。在一些示例中，开关96安装到电动车辆60中非常接近车辆充电器插头88电连接到电动车辆60的位置。在一些示例中，开关96安装在电动车辆60的插座内，该插座直接电连接车辆充电器插头88。将开关96安装在车辆充电器插头88电连接到电动车辆60的位置或附近可以在开关96响应于碰撞事件而从第一位置转换到第二位置之后使电动车辆60中带电电压的电位最小化。
在另一个示例中，开关96包含进充电器总成68的车辆充电器插头88中。在这样的示例中，碰撞事件移动车辆充电器插头88，车辆充电器插头88引起开关96从闭合充电电路92的第一位置转换到断开充电电路的第二位置。
在另一个示例中，充电器电缆84或者充电器主体80保持开关96。在这样一个示例中，碰撞事件移动充电器电缆84或充电器主体80，这导致开关96从闭合充电电路92的第一位置转换到断开充电电路的第二位置。
在一些示例中，开关96从第一位置转换到第二位置使电动车辆60的控制器模块98被唤醒，即使电动车辆60点火开关关断。控制器模块98可以从非激活状态被唤醒并启动通信。例如，控制器模块98可以被唤醒并且为电动车辆60的操作者发送来自电动车辆60的消息(例如文本消息)。消息可以通知操作者碰撞事件已经发生，这可能促使操作者返回到电动车辆60或以其它方式检查电动车辆60。
所公开的示例的部件包括响应于碰撞事件而终止从充电站对电动车辆充电的开关。响应于力(如与碰撞事件相关联的冲击和振动)开关进行转换。开关是被动式开关且不需要为了从第一位置转换到第二位置而进行车辆的操作。因此，充电可以响应于碰撞事件而被终止，即使当车辆点火开关关断时。
前述的说明实质上是示例性的而非限制性的。在不脱离本发明的本质的情况下，对所公开的实例的变化和修改对于本领域技术人员来说可变得显而易见。因此，本发明所给出的法律保护的范围可仅通过研究以下权利要求确定。

Claims (8)

1.一种充电终止系统，包含：
开关，所述开关配置为响应于电动车辆相对于充电站的移动而从第一位置转换到第二位置；以及
充电电路，所述充电电路延伸到外部电源，处于所述第一位置的所述开关允许所述充电电路对所述电动车辆充电，处于所述第二位置的所述开关阻止所述充电电路对所述电动车辆充电，
其中所述开关是被动式开关。
2.如权利要求1所述的充电终止系统，其中所述开关是惯性开关。
3.如权利要求1所述的充电终止系统，其中所述开关在所述电动车辆内部。
4.如权利要求3所述的充电终止系统，其中所述开关至少部分地处于接合充电器总成的车辆充电器插头的插座中。
5.如权利要求1所述的充电终止系统，还包含充电器总成的充电绳，所述充电绳保持所述开关。
6.如权利要求1所述的充电终止系统，还包含充电器总成的车辆充电器插头，所述充电器插头保持所述开关。
7.如权利要求1所述的充电终止系统，其中当所述电动车辆处于静止时，处于所述第一位置的所述开关允许所述充电电路对所述电动车辆充电。
8.如权利要求1所述的充电终止系统，其中所述开关配置为当所述电动车辆处于点火开关关断状态时，从所述第一位置转换到所述第二位置。
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