CN107030172A - A kind of electromagnetic casting method and device based on tubing under background magnetic field - Google Patents
A kind of electromagnetic casting method and device based on tubing under background magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107030172A CN107030172A CN201710331863.0A CN201710331863A CN107030172A CN 107030172 A CN107030172 A CN 107030172A CN 201710331863 A CN201710331863 A CN 201710331863A CN 107030172 A CN107030172 A CN 107030172A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/14—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces
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- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electromagnetic casting method and device based on tubing under background magnetic field.Device proposed by the present invention includes Helmholtz coil system, support bar, upper and lower supporting plate, drive rod, pulse discharge circuit and form-wound coil.Background magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field are combined by the present invention realizes the uniform bulging of electromagnetism of tubing (such as aluminium-alloy pipe).By the tubing of high-speed deformation in background magnetic field, because of uneven resistance formed by electromagnetic damping, the imperfect flow of its corresponding plastic deformed area is hindered, tubing is occurred without local reduction or spalling, so as to obtain the uniform qualified tube expansion part of Plastic Flow.Helmholtz coil system of the present invention can accurately control the input energy of background magnetic field, it is precisely controlled the final shaping form of tubing, so as to avoid in traditional electromagnetism free bulge technique the deficiencies such as bulging part size fluctuation is big, process repeatability is poor, mass, mechanization and the standardization of the technique are advantageously implemented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials plastic forming field, and in particular to a kind of electromagnetism based on tubing under background magnetic field without mould into
Shape method and device.
Background technology
Electro-magnetic forming is metal material is occurred the manufacturing process of high-speed plastic deformation using Lorentz force.It is electric during shaping
High-pressure shocking wave can be converted into very short time, is acted on impulse form on blank, blank moment is obtained high change
Shape speed, is then plastically deformed under inertia force effect.The technology is mainly used in Aero-Space, weapons, electronics and vapour
The fields such as car manufacture, specifically using more in the free bulge technique of tubing.
When tubing carries out electromagnetism free bulge, after closure switch, there is " kelvin effect " in the induced current induced, with this
Meanwhile, there is " end effect " in tubing two ends, ultimately result in the distribution of the electromagnetic force of each point on tubing radially and axially all again
It is uneven.After electromagnetic pulse effect, tubing carries out free bulge under inertia force effect with great deformation velocity, due to above-mentioned
The uneven electromagnetic force field that two kinds of effects are formed, ultimately results in the tube expansion part after electromagnetism free bulge and large-scale plasticity occurs
Flowing is uneven, serious even spalling etc. the phenomenon of local reduction, and the phenomenon is in short pipe fitting electromagnetism free bulge and tensioner ring experiment
It is particularly evident.
Due to electromagnetism free bulge pipe deformations when there is no mould constraint, how to control material plastic flow, avoid office
Even spalling is thinned in portion, is always the technical barrier of technique core the most.At present, domestic and foreign scholars are generally from " accurate control
The thinkings such as discharge energy, optimization loop construction " are set out, in the hope of solving this problem.But this method operates difficulty in actual applications
Degree is larger, and process repeatability is poor, and the tube expansion part obtained dimensionally has certain uncontrollable fluctuation, it is impossible to stable,
The uniform tube expansion part of constant dimension is accurately obtained, and the technique is also not suitable for mass production requirement.
The content of the invention
To overcome that the Plastic Flow in the presence of existing tubing electromagnetism free bulge technology is uneven, local reduction seriously very
To there are the deficiencies such as spalling crackle, the invention provides a kind of electromagnetic casting method based on tubing under background magnetic field and dress
Put.To solve, operation difficulty present in prior art is big, process repeatability is poor, size fluctuation is uncontrollable, be not suitable for batch
Change the technical problems such as production requirement.
According to one aspect of the present invention, it is proposed that a kind of tubing comprises the following steps without mould electromagnetic forming method:
(1) form-wound coil is fixed, two ends connection pulse discharge circuit;
(2) tubing that will be shaped is set in outside form-wound coil, and adjustment tubing position is allowed to and form-wound coil coaxial line point
Cloth;Between the two away from preferably 1mm or so;
(3) power supply of background magnetic field generation device is connected, stable, uniform background magnetic field is produced;Adjust background magnetic field production
Generating apparatus, makes background magnetic field only occur on the outside of tubing;
(4) make pulse discharge circuit, electric current produces pulsed magnetic field by form-wound coil;
The vortex with pulsed magnetic field in the opposite direction will be induced on tubing to be formed, in the Lorentz force produced by vortex
Under effect, high-speed deformation occurs for tubing, and into background magnetic field area, dissection, shape are produced to the background magnetic field magnetic induction line in the area
Into corresponding induced-current, so as to produce the electromagnetic force opposite with cut direction under background magnetic field effect, that is, occurs electromagnetism resistance
Buddhist nun's phenomenon, hinders the uneven Plastic Flow that tubing is produced by " end effect " and " kelvin effect ", so as to realize electromagnetism
Mouldless shaping.
Preferably, the background magnetic field is produced using Helmholtz coil system.
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that proposing a kind of without mould electromagnetic forming device, including Helmholtz coil system, branch
Strut, upper and lower supporting plate, drive rod, pulse discharge circuit and form-wound coil;Wherein:
The Helmholtz coil system include it is some to upper and lower symmetrically arranged coil, wherein lower coil is fixed on
On lower supporting plate, upper coil is fixed on upper backup pad, upper and lower supporting plate and the thereon parameter of each pair of coil and distribution pair
Claim;
The Helmholtz coil system can be by adjusting the relative position between wherein each pair coil, to adjust background
The distributed areas in magnetic field;
The support bar is many adjustable rods, is located between upper and lower supporting plate, for adjusting upper and lower supporting plate
Between spacing, so as to adjust the background magnetic field intensity that Helmholtz coil system is formed, make axis side between upper and lower coil
It is uniform to Distribution of Magnetic Field;
The drive rod is set respectively in upper and lower supporting plate, and in the middle of supporting plate;The shaped wire to be fixed
Circle is located between upper and lower drive rod, the drive rod adjustable length, the position for fixing form-wound coil;
The form-wound coil is to be used to produce pulsed magnetic field, tubing is occurred high-speed deformation;
The pulse discharge circuit includes switch, resistance and the capacitor bank of concatenation, its two terminations arteries and veins of the form-wound coil
Impulse electricity circuit, constitutes a pulse discharge loop, for producing pulsed magnetic field with it.
Preferably, each coil vertical direction spacing of the Helmholtz coil system 1 is set as tubing axial direction to be formed
1-1.3 times of length.
Preferably, the form-wound coil is close around multiturn helical coil structure, and is carried out according to the size of tubing to be formed
Loose fit is designed;Tubing and form-wound coil gap to be formed is preferably 1mm.
Preferably, the tubing to be formed is the preferable tubing of electrical conductivity, including aluminium-alloy pipe and copper alloy tube.
Preferably, the form-wound coil is square-section, coil radial section product 10-25mm2, material is copper alloy, many
Circle is close around structure.
Preferably, the tubing top is provided with no more than 5mm spacing with coil, so that blank end can be radially
Free Transform, so as to obtain uniform tube expansion part.
A kind of electromagnetic casting method based on above-mentioned building mortion, comprises the following steps:
(1) forming tube is intended to be enclosed on outside form-wound coil;
(2) support bar is adjusted, so that each spacing to upper lower coil in Helmholtz coil system is adjusted, so that coil is logical
The background magnetic field formed after electricity meets the intensity required by shaping;
(3) drive rod is adjusted, to fix the position of form-wound coil;
(4) position of tubing to be formed is adjusted, makes itself and the concentric placement of form-wound coil;
(5) Helmholtz coil system is connected, background magnetic field is formed;
(6) make pulse discharge circuit is switched, and capacitor bank starts electric discharge, and pulse current is produced in form-wound coil, from
And pulsed magnetic field is formed, while according to the right-hand rule, the vortex in the opposite direction with pulsed magnetic field is induced on tubing to be formed,
In the presence of Lorentz force produced by vortex, high-speed deformation occurs for the tubing, into background magnetic field area, to the magnetic induction line in the area
Produce dissection;
The tubing of high-speed deformation cuts the magnetic induction line of background magnetic field, corresponding induced-current is produced, so that in background magnetic field
Effect is lower to be produced and cut direction opposing electromagnetic power, i.e. generation electromagnetic damping phenomenon;The electromagnetic force of generation hinders tubing because of " end
Portion's effect " and " kelvin effect " and produce uneven Plastic Flow, so as to realize electromagnetic casting;" end effect "
Refer to magnetic field and scattered, to cause magnetic field intensity to reduce phenomenon occurs in pipe end;" kelvin effect " refers to induced field in pipe
The material surface phenomenon that radially magnetic field intensity is gradually reduced.
The principle of the present invention is, under the background of Helmholtz coil system formation stationary background magnetic field, make pulse electric discharge
Contactor, tubing to be formed moment in the presence of form-wound coil pulse-electromagnetic force obtains very big deformation velocity, starts freely
Bulging.Deformed region enters background magnetic field on tubing, cuts background magnetic field magnetic induction line, forms the electromagnetism opposite with deformation direction
To hinder it further to deform electromagnetic damping phenomenon occurs for power.The deformation velocity in different plastic area is each on known tubing
Differ, from electromagnetic force formula F=BLv:Different plastic area can form electricity corresponding thereto in background magnetic field
The magnetic resistance field of force, the resistance that the more violent region of plastic deformation is formed is bigger.Therefore, the uneven plasticity of Plastic Flow on tubing
Deformed area under the constraint of its uneven resistance formed, it is final obtain Plastic Flow it is uniform, without local reduction or spalling
Qualified tube expansion part.
The present invention has the advantages that:
The present invention background magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field are combined realize pipe part (such as aluminium-alloy pipe) electromagnetism it is uniformly swollen
Shape method.By the tubing of high-speed deformation in background magnetic field, because of uneven resistance formed by electromagnetic damping phenomenon, hinder
The imperfect flow of corresponding plastic deformed area on tubing, makes tubing occur without local reduction or spalling, so as to obtain Plastic Flow
Uniform qualified tube expansion part.
The present invention had both improved the stress distribution of swollen outer surface of pipe fittings, again in swollen outer surface of pipe fittings formation compressive stress state
The spalling defect often occurred in traditional electromagnetism free bulge technique is overcome, so as to substantially increase tubing electromagnetism free bulge
Forming limit.
Helmholtz coil system of the present invention can accurately control the input energy of background magnetic field, make tubing
Final shaping form is precisely controlled, thus avoid bulging part size fluctuation in traditional electromagnetism free bulge technique it is larger,
The deficiencies such as process repeatability difference, are advantageously implemented mass, mechanization and the standardization of the technique.
The present invention is great innovatively to be proposed to enter row constraint to the tubing of high-speed deformation by additional background magnetic field, utilizes electromagnetism
The different plastic area of damping phenomena, i.e. tubing will form corresponding different electromagnetic resistances, so as to be precisely controlled part
Outer surface stress state and net shape, this method are that electromagnetic casting opens brand-new Research Thinking, great novelty
And directive significance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is building mortion schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 3 a are tube bulge original state schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 b are the material forming schematic diagram after tubing is acted on through electromagnetic pulse;
Fig. 3 c and Fig. 3 d for high-speed motion tubing in background magnetic field deformation process schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 e are material forming schematic diagram of the tubing after electromagnetic pulse is acted on and background magnetic field is acted on;
In figure:1- Helmholtz coil systems, 2- support bars, 3- supporting plates, 4- drive rods, 5- switches, 6- resistance, 7- electricity
Container group, 8- tubing to be formed, 9- form-wound coils, 10- background magnetic fields, 11- pulsed magnetic fields.
Embodiment
The embodiment to the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Herein it should be noted that for
The explanation of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute limitation of the invention.In addition, disclosed below
As long as each of the invention embodiment in involved technical characteristic do not constitute conflict each other and can just be mutually combined.
It is as shown in Figure 1 a kind of electromagnetic casting schematic device based on tubing under background magnetic field, including Hai Muhuo
Hereby coil system 1, support bar 2, supporting plate 3, drive rod 4, switch 5, resistance 6, capacitor bank 7, tubing to be formed 8 and shaped wire
Circle 9.Switch 5, resistance 6 and capacitor bank 7 are composed in series electromagnetic pulse generating means, the form-wound coil 9 and the electromagnetic pulse
Generating means is connected, to form required pulsed magnetic field 11;Helmholtz coil system 1 is fixed in supporting plate 3, Ke Yitong
Overregulate drive rod 4 to change the spacing of Helmholtz coil system 1, be allowed to form required background magnetic field 10;It is to be formed
Tubing 8 and the concentric placement of form-wound coil 9.
The electromagnetic casting method based on tubing under background magnetic field is carried out using said apparatus, is comprised the following steps:
(1) form-wound coil 9 is placed on inside tubing 8 to be formed;
(2) connect motor driving support bar 2 to move down, the spacing of adjustment Helmholtz coil system 1, and adjust drive rod 4
Form-wound coil 9 is positioned, the spacing of Helmholtz coil system 1 can approximately be set as the 1-1.3 of the axial length of tubing 8 to be formed
Times;
(3) position of tubing 8 to be formed is suitably adjusted, makes itself and the concentric placement of form-wound coil 9;
(4) connect Helmholtz coil system 1 and form background magnetic field 10;
(5) system that switches on power charges to capacitor bank 7, when voltage reaches setting value 0-30KV, stops charging;
Closure switch 5, form discharge loop;
Then, as shown in Fig. 2 producing pulse current in form-wound coil 9, so that pulsed magnetic field is formed, while being determined by the right hand
Then, vortex is induced on tubing 8 to be formed, and understands that vortex will be produced away from shaped wire in pulsed magnetic field by left hand rule
The Lorentz force in 9 directions is enclosed, when the Lorentz force that vortex is produced exceedes the radial direction yield limit of tubing 8 to be formed, electromagnetic force
Make tubing 8 to be formed towards the direction high-speed deformation away from form-wound coil 9.
During this, kinetic energy, plastic deformation ability and the heat energy lost that electric energy is converted on tubing to be formed, coil
After the electromagnetic force of generation terminates, tubing 8 to be formed enters background magnetic field 10 by effect of inertia;
(6) magnetic induction line for entering the cutting background magnetic field 10 of deformed pipe material 8 of background magnetic field 10 produces induced-current, so that
Formed in background magnetic field 10 and move electromagnetic force in opposite direction, hindered it further to deform, that is, occur electromagnetic damping
Phenomenon;
Because the deformation velocity of each point of tubing 8 to be formed is different, time and cutting magnetic induction line into background magnetic field 10
Speed is also different, from electromagnetic force formula F=BLv:On tubing different plastically deforming areas can be formed in background magnetic field with
Its corresponding electromagnetic resistance, the resistance that the more violent region of plastic deformation is formed is bigger.So as to being formed " middle part resistance is big,
Two end resistances are small " uneven resistance;
Because the resistance is due to caused by uneven plastic deformation, the distribution of all this uneven resistances is with treating
The uneven Plastic Flow that forming tube 8 is produced by the effect of " kelvin effect " and " end effect " agrees with completely, therefore
The plasticity imperfect flow of uneven resistance improves tubing 8 to be formed phase after forming, final to obtain Plastic Flow equal
Qualified tube expansion part even, without local reduction or spalling.
Form-wound coil 9 is provides the part of power in the present invention, and form-wound coil 9 is using close around multiturn toroidal winding knot
Structure, and be designed according to the size of tubing 8 to be formed, the coil, which can produce very big radial load, makes pipe 8 to be formed complete
Into bulging, and the coil can bear larger shaping reaction force, possess good service life.
The deformation process of tubing 8 to be formed is as shown in Fig. 3 a-3e.The original state of tube bulge as shown in Figure 3 a, in figure
Tubing 8 to be formed and the concentric placement of form-wound coil 9.After ON switch, as shown in Figure 3 b, pipe 8 to be formed obtains very big dynamic
Can, the central region of tubing 8 takes the lead in deforming into background magnetic field 10 under inertia force effect.Fig. 3 c and Fig. 3 d are high-speed deformation
Deformation process of the tubing 8 in background magnetic field, takes the lead in cutting background magnetic field 10 into the high-speed deformation region of background magnetic field 10
Magnetic induction line forms corresponding resistance, that is, occurs " electromagnetic damping " phenomenon.The uneven resistance formed hinders pipe to be formed
The phase corresponding uneven Plastic Flow after forming of material 8.Tubing 8 through electromagnetic pulse act on and background magnetic field effect after material into
Shape schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3 e, it is seen that be finally obtained that Plastic Flow is uniform, the qualified tube expansion part without local reduction or spalling.
To sum up, as shown in figure 1, in the present invention, background magnetic field line of magnetic induction direction from bottom to top, the tubing of high-speed deformation by
The background magnetic field line of magnetic induction is cut from inside to outside, from the right-hand rule, produces corresponding induced-current (clockwise direction), the sense
Induced current, from left hand rule, forms electromagnetic force F from outside to inside in background magnetic field, that is, occurs electromagnetic damping phenomenon.Should
Electromagnetic force F is in opposite direction with tubing initial deformation, so as to hinder the follow-up unconstrained reformulation of tubing;Due to the change of each point on tubing
Shape degree is uneven, different into the time of background magnetic field and the speed of cutting magnetic induction line, by electromagnetic force formula F=BLv
Understand:Different plastic area can form the electromagnetic damping field of force corresponding thereto in background magnetic field, be plastically deformed more violent
The resistance that is formed of region it is bigger.So as to the inequality that the uneven plastically deforming area of Plastic Flow is formed at it on tubing
Under the effect of contraction of even resistance, final acquisition Plastic Flow is uniform, the qualified tube expansion part without local reduction or spalling.
Described above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to the embodiment and accompanying drawing institute
Disclosure.So every do not depart from the lower equivalent or modification completed of spirit disclosed in this invention, guarantor of the present invention is both fallen within
The scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tubing is without mould electromagnetic forming method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) form-wound coil is fixed, two ends connection pulse discharge circuit;
(2) tubing that will be shaped is set in outside form-wound coil, and adjustment tubing position is allowed to be distributed with form-wound coil coaxial line;
(3) power supply of background magnetic field generation device is connected, stable, uniform background magnetic field is produced;Adjust background magnetic field and produce dress
Put, background magnetic field is only occurred on the outside of tubing;
(4) make pulse discharge circuit, electric current produces pulsed magnetic field by form-wound coil;
The vortex with pulsed magnetic field in the opposite direction will be induced on tubing to be formed, in the effect of the Lorentz force produced by vortex
Under, high-speed deformation occurs for tubing, into background magnetic field area, produces dissection to the background magnetic field magnetic induction line in the area, produces phase
The induced-current answered, so as to produce the electromagnetic force opposite with cut direction under background magnetic field effect, that is, occurs electromagnetic damping and shows
As the uneven Plastic Flow that tubing is produced by " end effect " and " kelvin effect " being hindered, so as to realize electromagnetism without mould
Shaping.
2. the manufacturing process described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the background magnetic field is produced using Helmholtz coil system
It is raw.
3. one kind is without mould electromagnetic forming device, it is characterised in that including Helmholtz coil system, support bar, upper and lower support
Plate, drive rod, pulse discharge circuit and form-wound coil;Wherein:
The Helmholtz coil system include it is some to upper and lower symmetrically arranged coil, wherein lower coil is fixed on lower branch
On fagging, upper coil is fixed on upper backup pad, upper and lower supporting plate and the thereon parameter of each pair of coil and is distributed symmetrically;
The support bar is many adjustable rods, is located between upper and lower supporting plate, for adjusting between upper and lower supporting plate
Spacing, so as to adjust the background magnetic field intensity that Helmholtz coil system is formed, make axis direction magnetic between upper and lower coil
Field distribution is uniform;
The drive rod is set respectively in upper and lower supporting plate, and in the middle of supporting plate;The form-wound coil to be fixed is set
Between upper and lower drive rod;The drive rod adjustable length, the position for fixing form-wound coil;
The form-wound coil is to be used to produce pulsed magnetic field, tubing is occurred high-speed deformation;
The pulse discharge circuit includes switch, resistance and the capacitor bank of concatenation, and its two terminations pulse of the form-wound coil is put
Circuit, constitutes a pulse discharge loop, for producing pulsed magnetic field with it.
4. building mortion according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the Helmholtz coil system can be by adjusting it
In relative position between each pair of coil, to adjust the distributed areas of background magnetic field.
5. the building mortion according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that each coil of the Helmholtz coil system 1 hangs down
Nogata is set as 1-1.3 times of tubing axial length to be formed to spacing.
6. the building mortion according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the form-wound coil is close around multiturn spiral pipeline
Coil structures, and carry out loose fit design according to the size of tubing to be formed;Tubing and form-wound coil gap to be formed is preferably
1mm。
7. the building mortion according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the tubing to be formed is that electrical conductivity is preferably managed
Material, including aluminium-alloy pipe and copper alloy tube.
8. the building mortion according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the form-wound coil is square-section, and coil is radially
Sectional area 10-25mm2, material is copper alloy, and multiturn is close around structure.
9. the building mortion according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the tubing top is with coil provided with no more than
5mm spacing so that blank end can radially Free Transform, so as to obtain uniform tube expansion part.
10. a kind of electromagnetic casting method of building mortion according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that including following
Step:
(1) forming tube is intended to be enclosed on outside form-wound coil;
(2) support bar is adjusted, so that each spacing to upper lower coil in Helmholtz coil system is adjusted, so that after coil electricity
The background magnetic field of formation meets the intensity required by shaping;
(3) drive rod is adjusted, to fix the position of form-wound coil;
(4) position of tubing to be formed is adjusted, makes itself and the concentric placement of form-wound coil;
(5) Helmholtz coil system is connected, background magnetic field is formed;
(6) make pulse discharge circuit is switched, and capacitor bank starts electric discharge, pulse current is produced in form-wound coil, so that shape
Into pulsed magnetic field, while according to the right-hand rule, the vortex in the opposite direction with pulsed magnetic field is induced on tubing to be formed, in vortex
In the presence of produced Lorentz force, high-speed deformation occurs for the tubing, and into background magnetic field area, the magnetic induction line in the area is produced
Dissection;
The tubing of high-speed deformation cuts the magnetic induction line of background magnetic field, produces corresponding induced-current, so that in background magnetic field effect
Lower generation and cut direction opposing electromagnetic power, that is, occur electromagnetic damping phenomenon;The electromagnetic force of generation hinders tubing because " imitating end
Should " and " kelvin effect " and generation uneven Plastic Flow, so as to realize electromagnetic casting;" end effect " refers to magnetic
Scattered, to cause magnetic field intensity to reduce phenomenon occurs in pipe end for field;" kelvin effect " refers to induced field in tubing table
The face phenomenon that radially magnetic field intensity is gradually reduced.
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