CN107027667A - A kind of hydroxyl radical free radical kills the method and apparatus for stimulating cryptonucleus insect packing - Google Patents
A kind of hydroxyl radical free radical kills the method and apparatus for stimulating cryptonucleus insect packing Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
一种羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的方法和装置,设有储水池、养殖池、高频高压电源、模块化氧活性碎片发生器、在线氧活性碎片检测器、文丘里气液混溶器、液液混溶器、TRO检测仪、电机、自动旋转毛刷、水泵、阀门、气体管路和液体主管路;模块化氧活性碎片发生器进气口外接氧气源,模块化氧活性碎片发生器的氧活性碎片出气口依次与在线氧活性碎片检测器、文丘里气液混溶器的吸气口连接;储水池出水口与水泵进水口相连,水泵出水口与文丘里气液混溶器进液口相连,文丘里气液混溶器的出液口与液液混溶器进液口相连,液液混溶器出液口依次与TRO检测仪、养殖池进水口连接;养殖池中间设有由电机控制的自动旋转毛刷;养殖池底出水口外接海水。
A method and device for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cyst by hydroxyl radicals, equipped with a water storage tank, a breeding pond, a high-frequency high-voltage power supply, a modular oxygen active fragment generator, an online oxygen active fragment detector, and a Venturi gas-liquid Mixer, liquid-liquid mixer, TRO detector, motor, automatic rotating brush, water pump, valve, gas pipeline and liquid main pipeline; the air inlet of the modular oxygen active debris generator is connected to an external oxygen source, and the modular oxygen The oxygen active fragment gas outlet of the active fragment generator is connected with the online oxygen active fragment detector and the suction port of the Venturi gas-liquid miscible in sequence; The liquid inlet of the miscible is connected, the liquid outlet of the Venturi gas-liquid miscible is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid-liquid miscible, and the liquid outlet of the liquid-liquid miscible is connected with the TRO detector and the water inlet of the breeding pond in turn; An automatic rotating brush controlled by a motor is arranged in the middle of the culture pond; the water outlet at the bottom of the culture pond is externally connected to seawater.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及等离子体化学、海水水产养殖技术及海洋环境工程等领域,尤其是涉及一种羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的方法和装置。The invention relates to the fields of plasma chemistry, seawater aquaculture technology, marine environmental engineering and the like, in particular to a method and device for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cyst by hydroxyl radicals.
背景技术Background technique
刺激隐核虫是一种纤毛虫,引起海水鱼类“白点病”,该病在养殖密度过高、流动性较差、有机质含量丰富的水体中容易爆发,通常寄生在热带和亚热带海水鱼的皮肤、鳍、鳃等处,造成鱼器官损伤和功能障碍,引起病鱼活动异常、上皮增生、呼吸困难及机械损伤,使鱼类大量死亡,对海水养殖业造成了巨大的危害。Cryptocaryon stimuli is a kind of ciliate that causes "white spot disease" in marine fish. The disease is prone to outbreaks in water bodies with high stocking density, poor fluidity and rich organic matter content, and usually parasitizes tropical and subtropical marine fish. The skin, fins, gills, etc. of the fish will cause damage and dysfunction of fish organs, cause abnormal activity, epithelial hyperplasia, breathing difficulties and mechanical damage of diseased fish, cause a large number of fish deaths, and cause great harm to the mariculture industry.
刺激隐核虫的生活史包括“滋养体”、“包囊前体”、“包囊”和“幼虫”4个阶段。滋养体是由幼虫感染病鱼后寄生于病鱼上皮组织内生长发育而成的,生长期为3~7d;待成熟后在清晨脱离宿主病鱼发育成包囊前体;经过8~12h后包囊前体脱掉纤毛,粘附于水底支撑物上形成硬质壳包囊;包囊经过3~20d的一系列不对称二分裂形成子代幼虫,每个包囊可释放200~400个幼虫,幼虫在水中游动并感染宿主鱼类形成滋养体进行下一个生活周期(但学明.刺激隐核虫(Cryptocaryon irritans)的传代、保存及刺激隐核虫病的防治研究[D].暨南大学,2006)。The life cycle of Cryptocaryon stimuli includes four stages: "trophoblast", "cyst precursor", "cyst" and "larvae". Trophozoites are parasitic growth and development in the epithelial tissue of diseased fish after the larvae are infected with the diseased fish. The growth period is 3-7 days; after being mature, they will detach from the host diseased fish in the early morning and develop into cyst precursors; after 8-12 hours The cyst precursor sheds its cilia and adheres to the underwater support to form a hard shell cyst; the cyst undergoes a series of asymmetric binary fissions for 3 to 20 days to form progeny larvae, and each cyst can release 200 to 400 Larvae, larvae swim in water and infect host fish to form trophozoites for the next life cycle (Dan Xueming. Studies on the passage, preservation and prevention of Cryptocaryon irritans[D]. Jinan University, 2006).
随着我国经济的发展,人们对海产品的需求逐步增多,仅仅依靠传统海洋捕捞已经远远不能满足市场需求,海水鱼类养殖业得到迅猛发展。刺激隐核虫病因其传播速度快、死亡率高、难以防治等特点而对海水养殖业造成巨大危害。而包囊生活史阶段的刺激隐核虫有数层包囊壁,层与层之间有致密物质,包囊外层很难破碎,普通药物难以进入包囊内部,传统方法无法有效杀灭包囊。防治刺激隐核虫病的关键是杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊,防止其发育释放更多的幼虫而重复感染养殖鱼类。如何高效节能环保地杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊受到越来越多的关注。目前海水养殖生产上常采用一些物理和化学方法杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊。物理方法主要有低压紫外线照射、淡水浸泡包囊、轮换养殖等,但效果并不明显,往往不能有效杀灭包囊。化学方法包括向患病养殖池中泼洒硫酸铜、福尔马林、高锰酸钾溶液等,这些方法虽然对包囊有一定的杀灭效果,但无法做到有效完全杀灭,大部分包囊仍然可以继续发育释放幼虫感染宿主鱼类,并且长期过量用药也会存在药物残留、对鱼的毒性、包囊耐药性增强、环境污染等问题。李安兴等使用在养殖池底铺设垫布移除包囊的方法控制治疗刺激隐核虫病(参见中国专利CN105532534A)。如何高效节能环保地杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊受到越来越多的关注。With the development of our country's economy, people's demand for seafood is gradually increasing. Only relying on traditional marine fishing is far from meeting the market demand, and the marine fish farming industry has developed rapidly. Cryptocaryon stimuli causes great harm to the mariculture industry due to its fast transmission speed, high mortality rate, and difficulty in prevention and control. However, Cryptocaryon stimuli in the stage of cyst life history have several layers of cyst walls, and there are dense substances between the layers. The outer layer of the cyst is difficult to break, and it is difficult for ordinary drugs to enter the inside of the cyst. Traditional methods cannot effectively kill the cyst. . The key to the prevention and control of Cryptocaryonia irritatus is to kill the cysts of Cryptocaryonia stimuli and prevent it from developing and releasing more larvae and reinfecting farmed fish. How to kill Cryptocaryon irritant cysts efficiently, energy-saving and environment-friendly has attracted more and more attention. At present, some physical and chemical methods are often used in mariculture production to kill Cryptocaryon stimuli cysts. The physical methods mainly include low-pressure ultraviolet irradiation, immersion of cysts in fresh water, and rotation breeding, etc., but the effect is not obvious, and often cannot effectively kill the cysts. Chemical methods include splashing copper sulfate, formalin, potassium permanganate solution, etc. into the diseased breeding ponds. Although these methods have a certain killing effect on cysts, they cannot be effectively and completely killed. Cysts can still continue to develop and release larvae to infect host fish, and long-term overdose will also cause problems such as drug residues, toxicity to fish, enhanced drug resistance of cysts, and environmental pollution. Li Anxing et al. use the method of laying pads to remove cysts at the bottom of the culture pond to control and treat Cryptocaryoniasis irritant (seeing Chinese patent CN105532534A). How to efficiently kill Cryptocaryon stimuli cysts in an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly way has attracted more and more attention.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有海水水产养殖中刺激隐核虫病爆发时期包囊杀灭效果不佳、对环境污染严重等问题,提供可以对刺激隐核虫包囊进行杀灭,防止包囊发育释放更多的幼虫而重复感染养殖鱼类的一种羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的方法和装置。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems such as poor cyst killing effect and serious environmental pollution in the existing seawater aquaculture, and to provide a solution that can kill Cryptocaryon stimuli cysts and prevent cysts. A method and device for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cysts by hydroxyl free radicals that develop and release more larvae to repeatedly infect farmed fish.
一种羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的装置设有储水池、养殖池、高频高压电源、模块化氧活性碎片发生器、在线氧活性碎片检测器、文丘里气液混溶器、液液混溶器、TRO检测仪、电机、自动旋转毛刷、水泵、阀门、气体管路和液体主管路;所述模块化氧活性碎片发生器进气口外接氧气源,模块化氧活性碎片发生器的氧活性碎片出气口依次与在线氧活性碎片检测器、文丘里气液混溶器的吸气口连接;所述储水池出水口与水泵进水口相连,水泵出水口与文丘里气液混溶器进液口相连,文丘里气液混溶器的出液口与液液混溶器进液口相连,液液混溶器出液口依次与TRO检测仪、养殖池进水口连接;所述养殖池中间设有由电机控制的自动旋转毛刷;养殖池底出水口外接海水。A device for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cyst by hydroxyl free radicals is equipped with a water storage tank, a breeding pond, a high-frequency high-voltage power supply, a modular oxygen active fragment generator, an online oxygen active fragment detector, and a Venturi gas-liquid miscible device , liquid-liquid miscible device, TRO detector, motor, automatic rotating brush, water pump, valve, gas pipeline and liquid main pipeline; The oxygen active debris gas outlet of the debris generator is connected with the online oxygen active debris detector and the suction port of the Venturi gas-liquid miscible in sequence; The liquid inlet of the liquid miscible is connected, the liquid outlet of the Venturi gas-liquid miscible is connected with the liquid inlet of the liquid-liquid miscible, and the liquid outlet of the liquid-liquid miscible is connected with the TRO detector and the water inlet of the breeding pond in turn ; The center of the cultivation pond is provided with an automatic rotating brush controlled by a motor; the water outlet at the bottom of the cultivation pond is externally connected to seawater.
所述氧气源与模块化氧活性碎片发生器之间可依次设有氧气阀门、气体流量计;所述在线氧活性碎片检测器与文丘里气液混溶器之间可依次设有含氧活性碎片气体阀门、含氧活性碎片气体流量计;所述储水池与水泵之间可设有主管路液体阀门,水泵与文丘里气液混溶器之间可设有液体流量计;所述养殖池与外接海水之间可设有外排液体阀门;所述TRO检测仪与养殖池之间可设置进水主管路取样阀门,养殖池与外接海水之间可设置外排取样阀门。An oxygen valve and a gas flow meter can be arranged sequentially between the oxygen source and the modular oxygen active debris generator; oxygen-containing active debris can be arranged sequentially between the online oxygen active debris detector and the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device. Fragment gas valve, oxygen-containing active fragment gas flow meter; a main pipeline liquid valve may be provided between the water storage tank and the water pump, and a liquid flow meter may be provided between the water pump and the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device; the culture pond An external discharge liquid valve can be provided between the external seawater; a sampling valve for the main water inlet pipeline can be provided between the TRO detector and the cultivation pond, and an external discharge sampling valve can be provided between the cultivation pond and the external seawater.
一种羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的方法,包括以下步骤:A method for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cyst by hydroxyl radicals, comprising the following steps:
1)每年夏季7~11月份,水温在25~30℃刺激隐核虫病易爆发时,若养殖鱼类出现摄食减少、用身体摩擦池壁或者池底,体表粘液增多有明显白点、且有部分鱼苗死亡的状况;用显微镜观察死鱼体表出现的白点,发现其为黑色圆形或梨形,即可确认出现刺激隐核虫病;在早晨10:00大量包囊从病鱼身上脱落后,将发病养殖池中病鱼全部捞出到其它无病害干净养殖池中,降低发病养殖池中水位,此时发病养殖池底附着有大量刺激隐核虫包囊;1) From July to November every summer, when the water temperature is 25-30°C to stimulate the outbreak of cryptocystosis, if the cultured fish eat less food, rub the pool wall or bottom with their bodies, the mucus on the body surface will increase and there will be obvious white spots, And some fry died; use a microscope to observe the white spots on the surface of the dead fish, and find that they are black round or pear-shaped, and you can confirm the occurrence of cryptocystosis; at 10:00 in the morning, a large number of cysts from the disease After the fish falls off, all the diseased fish in the diseased breeding pond are fished out to other clean breeding ponds without disease, and the water level in the diseased breeding pond is lowered. At this time, there are a large number of irritating Cryptocaryon cysts attached to the bottom of the diseased breeding pond;
2)打开模块化氧活性碎片发生器开关,打开氧气阀门通入氧气,启动高频高压电源,使通过模块化氧活性碎片发生器的氧气迅速电离、离解成气态氧活性碎片;打开含氧活性碎片阀门,气态氧活性碎片通过在线氧活性碎片浓度检测器检测其浓度后,进入文丘里气液混溶器;2) Turn on the switch of the modular oxygen active fragment generator, open the oxygen valve to feed oxygen, start the high-frequency high-voltage power supply, so that the oxygen passing through the modular oxygen active fragment generator is rapidly ionized and dissociated into gaseous oxygen active fragments; open the oxygen-containing active fragment Fragment valve, the gaseous oxygen active fragments enter the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device after the concentration of the gaseous oxygen active fragments is detected by the online oxygen active fragment concentration detector;
3)打开水泵和主管路液体阀门,储水池中储存清洁海水经管路由水泵注入文丘里气液混溶器中;所述步骤2)中进入文丘里气液混合溶器的气态氧活性碎片与海水在文丘里气液混溶器和液液混溶器中充分混溶,产生高浓度羟基自由基溶液,经管路通过TRO检测仪后进入养殖池中;3) Open the water pump and the liquid valve of the main pipeline, and the clean seawater stored in the water storage tank is injected into the Venturi gas-liquid miscible through the pipeline through the water pump; the gaseous oxygen active fragments and seawater entering the Venturi gas-liquid mixing solvent in the step 2) are Fully miscible in the Venturi gas-liquid miscible and liquid-liquid miscible to produce a high-concentration hydroxyl radical solution, which enters the culture pond after passing through the TRO detector through the pipeline;
4)羟基自由基溶液注入养殖池后,浸泡养殖池池底刺激隐核虫包囊0.5~2.0h,羟基自由基溶液氧化包囊壁薄弱区使其出现孔洞从而进入包囊内部,组成细胞基本结构的物质和功能物质发生不可逆反应,所述不可逆反应包括氨基酸氧化分解、DNA链断裂等,使包囊死亡无法进一步发育释放幼虫,剩余羟基自由基分解成O2和H2O;养殖池中间设有由电机控制的自动旋转毛刷,启动后自动旋转清扫池包囊;旋转10min后打开外排液体阀门使养殖池中死亡包囊随海水排出。4) After the hydroxyl radical solution is injected into the culture pond, soak the bottom of the culture pond to stimulate Cryptocaryon cysts for 0.5 to 2.0 hours, and the hydroxyl radical solution oxidizes the weak area of the cyst wall to make holes appear and enter the inside of the cyst to form the basic cells. Structural substances and functional substances undergo irreversible reactions, the irreversible reactions include oxidative decomposition of amino acids, DNA strand breaks, etc., so that the cysts die and cannot further develop and release larvae, and the remaining hydroxyl radicals are decomposed into O 2 and H 2 O; in the middle of the breeding pool It is equipped with an automatic rotating brush controlled by a motor. After starting, it will automatically rotate to clean the cysts in the pond; after rotating for 10 minutes, open the liquid discharge valve to discharge the dead cysts in the breeding pond with the sea water.
在步骤1)中,所述养殖池为类圆柱体开放型水泥池,半径为2m,深度为1.5m,总体积约为20m3。养殖池侧面上方设有进水口,池底为水平光滑池底,在池中央设有由电机控制的自动旋转毛刷,旋转中轴为不锈钢管,距其底部0.13m处有毛刷板,毛刷板为长度为3.8m、宽度为0.3m的聚丙烯材质光滑刷板,布有长度为0.15m尼龙丝材质刷毛;电机启动后,毛刷可沿中轴不锈钢管旋转,转速为10r/min,池壁侧面底部设有排水口。In step 1), the culture pond is a cylinder-like open cement pond with a radius of 2m, a depth of 1.5m, and a total volume of about 20m 3 . There is a water inlet above the side of the breeding pond, and the bottom of the pond is a horizontal and smooth bottom. In the center of the pond, there is an automatic rotating brush controlled by a motor. The rotating axis is a stainless steel tube. The brush plate is a smooth brush plate made of polypropylene with a length of 3.8m and a width of 0.3m, and is clothed with bristles made of nylon wire with a length of 0.15m; after the motor is started, the brush can rotate along the central axis stainless steel tube at a speed of 10r/min , There is a drainage port at the bottom of the side of the pool wall.
在步骤2)中,所述高频高压电源的功率为150~300W,氧气进气量为1.0~5.0L/min,氧气经高能电子轰击后被电离、离解,形成气态氧活性碎片,所述气态氧活性碎片主要包括O2 +、O(1D)、O2(a1g)、O2 -、O(3P)和O3等粒子,浓度可达50~300mg/L;所述管路为聚四氟乙烯管。In step 2), the power of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is 150-300W, the oxygen intake rate is 1.0-5.0L/min, and the oxygen is ionized and dissociated after being bombarded by high-energy electrons to form gaseous oxygen active fragments. The active fragments of gaseous oxygen mainly include particles such as O 2 + , O( 1 D), O 2 (a 1 g), O 2 - , O( 3 P) and O 3 , and the concentration can reach 50-300 mg/L; The pipeline is polytetrafluoroethylene tube.
在步骤3)中,所述海水的流量为10~50L/min,羟基自由基溶液的浓度由水温、氧活性碎片浓度、含氧活性碎片气体的平衡分压和气液体积比来调控,总氧化剂TRO浓度在2~30mg/L;储水池为方体封闭式水泥池,总容积约为20m3,所储存海水为经过砂滤等预处理的清洁海水。In step 3), the flow rate of the seawater is 10-50 L/min, the concentration of the hydroxyl radical solution is regulated by the water temperature, the oxygen active fragment concentration, the equilibrium partial pressure of the oxygen-containing active fragment gas and the gas-liquid volume ratio, and the total oxidant The concentration of TRO is 2-30mg/L; the storage tank is a square closed cement tank with a total volume of about 20m 3 , and the stored seawater is clean seawater that has been pretreated by sand filtration.
在步骤4)中,所述刺激隐核虫包囊在羟基自由基溶液中浸泡0.5~2.0h,通过显微镜镜检等方式确定包囊死亡后,启动自动旋转毛刷开关,旋转10min后,养殖池中死亡包囊随海水排出,所用液体管路可采用经防腐处理的不锈钢管材,经处理后的养殖池可继续养殖鱼类。In step 4), the stimulated Cryptocaryon cysts are immersed in the hydroxyl radical solution for 0.5 to 2.0 hours, and after confirming the death of the cysts through microscopic examination, etc., start the automatic rotating brush switch, and after rotating for 10 minutes, culture The dead cysts in the pool are discharged along with the sea water, and the liquid pipeline used can be made of anti-corrosion treated stainless steel pipes, and the treated culture pool can continue to breed fish.
本发明在极窄放电间隙利用大气压强电离放电将氧气电离、离解成高浓度氧活性碎片,再通过气液混溶、液液混溶作用高效快速地在1s内生成羟基自由基溶液。羟基自由基溶液作用包囊壁薄弱区使其出现孔洞从而进入包囊内部,组成细胞基本结构的物质和功能物质发生如氨基酸氧化分解、DNA链断裂等不可逆反应,使包囊死亡防止其发育释放更多的幼虫而重复感染养殖鱼类,从而达到治理刺激隐核虫病的效果。羟基自由溶液在杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的同时,可对养殖池内残余有害细菌等微生物进行快速杀灭,防治病虫害的发生。The present invention uses atmospheric pressure ionization discharge to ionize and dissociate oxygen into high-concentration oxygen active fragments in an extremely narrow discharge gap, and then efficiently and rapidly generates a hydroxyl radical solution within 1 second through gas-liquid miscibility and liquid-liquid miscibility. The hydroxyl radical solution acts on the weak area of the cyst wall to make holes appear and enter the interior of the cyst. The substances and functional substances that make up the basic structure of the cell undergo irreversible reactions such as amino acid oxidation and decomposition, DNA strand breaks, etc., so that the cyst dies and prevents its development and release. More larvae will repeatedly infect farmed fish, so as to achieve the effect of controlling cryptocystosis. Hydroxyl free solution can quickly kill residual harmful bacteria and other microorganisms in the culture pond while killing the cysts of Cryptocaryon stimuli, preventing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
本发明的羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的装置中,氧化剂浓度由水温、氧活性碎片浓度、含氧活性碎片气体的平衡分压和气液体积比来调控;根据病害情况和池底附着包囊数量确定羟基自由基溶液的浓度和浸泡时间,浓度为5.0~10.0mg/L的羟基自由基溶液在0.5~2.0h即可高效杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊,使其无法继续发育形成幼虫。In the device for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cyst by hydroxyl radicals of the present invention, the oxidant concentration is regulated by water temperature, concentration of oxygen active fragments, equilibrium partial pressure and gas-liquid volume ratio of oxygen-containing active fragment gas; The number of attached cysts determines the concentration and soaking time of the hydroxyl radical solution. The hydroxyl radical solution with a concentration of 5.0-10.0mg/L can effectively kill the cysts of the stimulated Cryptocaryonia within 0.5-2.0 hours, preventing them from continuing to develop form larvae.
本发明使用基于大气压强电离放电生成的羟基自由基(·OH)杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的方法,主要用于海水水产养殖杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊方面,使用基于高级氧化技术的羟基自由基(·OH),·OH是绿色强氧化剂,具有快速、高效、能与生物大分子反应,且反应后生成无污染的H2O和O2,无残余药剂等特性。基于羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的方法和装置为海水水产养殖防治刺激隐核虫病提供了新的解决途径。The present invention uses hydroxyl free radicals (OH) generated based on atmospheric pressure ionization discharge to kill and stimulate Cryptocaryon cysts. Hydroxyl radical (·OH), ·OH is a green and strong oxidant, which has the characteristics of fast, efficient, and can react with biological macromolecules, and generate non-polluting H 2 O and O 2 after the reaction, without residual chemicals. The method and device for killing Cryptocaryon stimuli cysts based on hydroxyl radicals provide a new solution for seawater aquaculture to prevent and control Cryptocaryon stimuli.
本发明的技术效果和优点是:①将氧气通入到具有极窄放电间隙0.1mm、亚微米Al2O3冶贴成薄电介质层的小型化非平衡等离子体源中,实现了大气压强电离放电生成高浓度氧活性粒子;采用模块化阵列式等离子体集成源并任意组合,获得可调控、大产生量的氧活性粒子,协同水射流空化气液混溶技术,获得高浓度羟基自由基溶液,总氧化剂TRO浓度在2.0~30.0mg/L;②粘附于养殖池底的刺激隐核虫包囊在浓度为5.0~10.0mg/L的羟基自由基溶液中浸泡0.5~2.0h,可实现刺激隐核虫包囊的完全杀灭,防止其发育释放更多的幼虫而重复感染养殖鱼类;③羟基自由溶液在杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的同时,可对养殖池进行消毒杀菌,预防病虫害;④利用自动旋转毛刷可彻底清除粘附于养殖池底的已死亡刺激隐核虫包囊,死亡包囊随池内剩余海水直接排放;⑤该发明所述装置实施简单、运营成本低,在高效杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的同时无药物残留、对鱼无毒性、环境无污染,为海水水产养殖中刺激隐核虫包囊的杀灭提供健康环保高效的装置。The technical effects and advantages of the present invention are: ①The oxygen is passed into the miniaturized non-equilibrium plasma source with an extremely narrow discharge gap of 0.1 mm and submicron Al 2 O 3 paste into a thin dielectric layer, realizing atmospheric pressure ionization Discharge generates high-concentration oxygen active particles; adopt modular array plasma integrated sources and combine them arbitrarily to obtain adjustable and large-scale production of oxygen active particles, and cooperate with water jet cavitation gas-liquid miscibility technology to obtain high-concentration hydroxyl radicals Solution, the total oxidant TRO concentration is 2.0-30.0mg/L; ②Cryptonia irritatus cysts adhering to the bottom of the culture pond are soaked in the hydroxyl radical solution with a concentration of 5.0-10.0mg/L for 0.5-2.0h, which can Realize the complete killing of Cryptocaryon stimulatory cysts and prevent them from developing and releasing more larvae to repeatedly infect farmed fish; ③The hydroxyl free solution can disinfect and sterilize the breeding pool while killing Cryptocaryon stimulatory cysts , prevent pests and diseases; ④Use the automatic rotating brush to completely remove the dead Cryptocaryon stimuli cysts adhering to the bottom of the culture pond, and the dead cysts are directly discharged with the remaining seawater in the pond; ⑤The device described in the invention is simple to implement and low in operating costs Low, no drug residue, no toxicity to fish, and no pollution to the environment while efficiently killing Cryptocaryon irritant cysts, providing a healthy, environmentally friendly and efficient device for killing Cryptocaryon irritant cysts in seawater aquaculture.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的装置实施例的结构组成示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and composition of an embodiment of the device for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cysts by hydroxyl radicals of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例的羟基自由基杀灭前后包囊形态变化。在图2中,A、C为对照组包囊形态照片;B、D为TRO=5.27mg/L时包囊形态照片。Fig. 2 is the change of capsule morphology before and after the killing of hydroxyl radicals according to the embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 2, A and C are photos of cyst morphology in the control group; B and D are photos of cyst morphology when TRO=5.27mg/L.
具体实施方式detailed description
结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。但本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the examples described.
参见图1,所述羟基自由基快速杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的装置,设有储水池1、文丘里气液混溶器5、高频高压电源6、模块化氧活性碎片发生器7、在线氧活性碎片检测器8、液液混溶器9、TRO检测仪10、电机11、自动旋转毛刷12和养殖池13。Referring to Fig. 1, the device for quickly killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cysts by hydroxyl radicals is provided with a water storage tank 1, a Venturi gas-liquid miscible device 5, a high-frequency high-voltage power supply 6, and a modular oxygen active debris generator 7 , online oxygen active debris detector 8, liquid-liquid miscible device 9, TRO detector 10, motor 11, automatic rotating brush 12 and culture pond 13.
所述储水池1出水口与水泵31进水口相连,储水池1与水泵31之间设有第1阀门21;水泵31出水口与文丘里气液混溶器5进液口相连,水泵31与文丘里气液混溶器5之间设置第1流量计41;模块化氧活性碎片发生器7进气口接外接氧气源,模块化氧活性碎片发生器7与氧气源之间依次设置第2阀门22和第2流量计42;模块化氧活性碎片发生器7的氧活性碎片出气口依次与在线氧活性碎片检测器8、文丘里气液混溶器5的吸气口连接,在线氧活性碎片检测器8与文丘里气液混溶器5之间依次设置第3阀门23、第3流量计43;文丘里气液混溶器5的出液口与液液混溶器9的进液口相连;液液混溶器9的出液口依次与TRO检测仪10、养殖池13进水口连接,TRO检测仪10与养殖池13之间设置进水主管路取样阀门24;养殖池13中间设有由电机11控制的自动旋转毛刷12;养殖池13底部出水口外接海水,之间设置外排第6阀门26和外排取样阀门25。The water outlet of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the water inlet of the water pump 31, and the first valve 21 is arranged between the water storage tank 1 and the water pump 31; The first flow meter 41 is set between the Venturi gas-liquid miscibles 5; the air inlet of the modular oxygen active debris generator 7 is connected to an external oxygen source, and the second flow meter is sequentially set between the modular oxygen active debris generator 7 and the oxygen source. The valve 22 and the second flowmeter 42; the oxygen active fragment gas outlet of the modular oxygen active fragment generator 7 is connected with the suction port of the online oxygen active fragment detector 8 and the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device 5 successively, and the online oxygen active fragment The third valve 23 and the third flowmeter 43 are arranged in sequence between the debris detector 8 and the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device 5; the liquid outlet of the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device 5 and the liquid inlet of the liquid-liquid miscible device The liquid outlet of the liquid-liquid miscible device 9 is connected with the TRO detector 10 and the water inlet of the culture pond 13 successively, and the main water inlet pipeline sampling valve 24 is set between the TRO detector 10 and the culture pond 13; in the middle of the culture pond 13 An automatic rotating brush 12 controlled by a motor 11 is provided; the water outlet at the bottom of the culture pond 13 is externally connected to seawater, and the sixth valve 26 of the outer row and the sampling valve 25 of the outer row are arranged between them.
以下给出羟基自由基杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的方法:The method for killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cysts by hydroxyl radicals is given below:
1)每年夏季7~11月份,水温在25~30℃刺激隐核虫病易爆发时,当养殖鱼类出现摄食减少、用身体摩擦池壁或者池底,体表粘液增多有明显白点、且有部分鱼苗死亡的状况;用显微镜观察死鱼体表出现的白点,发现其为黑色圆形或梨形固状,即可确认出现刺激隐核虫病。在早晨10:00大量包囊从病鱼身上脱落后,将发病养殖池13中病鱼全部捞出到其它无病害干净养殖池中,降低发病养殖池13水位,此时发病养殖池13底部附着有大量刺激隐核虫包囊。打开高频高压电源6,使模块化氧活性碎片发生器7外产生激励电压,同时打开阀门22,高纯度氧气通过流量计42进入模块化氧活性碎片发生器7使其进行电离、离解,产生含有氧活性碎片的气体,1/15~1/10含有氧活性碎片的气体进入在线氧活性碎片检测器8来检测氧活性碎片浓度,其余9/10~14/15进入文丘里气液混溶器5。所述高频高压电源的功率为150~300W,氧气的进气量为1.0~5.0L/min;所述氧活性碎片浓度检测器气体流量为0.1~0.5mL/min,所述氧活性碎片浓度为50~300mg/L。1) Every summer from July to November, when the water temperature is 25-30°C and cryptocystosis is prone to outbreaks, when the cultured fish eat less food, rub the pool wall or bottom with their bodies, the mucus on the body surface increases and there are obvious white spots, And some fish fry died; use a microscope to observe the white spots on the surface of the dead fish, and find that they are black round or pear-shaped solid, which can confirm the occurrence of Cryptocaryoniasis irritant. At 10:00 in the morning, after a large number of cysts came off from the diseased fish, all the diseased fish in the diseased breeding pond 13 were fished out into other clean breeding ponds without disease, and the water level of the diseased breeding pond 13 was reduced. There are a large number of irritating Cryptocaryon cysts. Turn on the high-frequency high-voltage power supply 6 to generate an excitation voltage outside the modular oxygen active fragment generator 7, and open the valve 22 at the same time, and high-purity oxygen enters the modular oxygen active fragment generator 7 through the flow meter 42 to ionize and dissociate to generate For the gas containing oxygen active fragments, 1/15 to 1/10 of the gas containing oxygen active fragments enters the online oxygen active fragment detector 8 to detect the concentration of oxygen active fragments, and the remaining 9/10 to 14/15 enters the Venturi gas-liquid miscibility device 5. The power of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is 150-300W, and the intake rate of oxygen is 1.0-5.0L/min; the gas flow rate of the oxygen active fragment concentration detector is 0.1-0.5mL/min, and the oxygen active fragment concentration 50-300mg/L.
2)打开阀门21和水泵31,使储水池1中储存海水通过流量计41后进入文丘里气液混溶器5;水流量根据待处理刺激隐核虫包囊数量确定,可为10~50L/min;海水和步骤1)中制备的含有氧活性碎片的气体在文丘里气液混溶器5和液液混溶器9中充分混合后生成高浓度羟基自由基溶液,羟基自由基溶液浓度由水温、氧活性碎片浓度、含氧活性碎片气体的平衡分压和气液体积比来调控,经过在线TRO检测仪10检测总活性氧化剂浓度后进入养殖池13,总氧化剂TRO浓度在2~30mg/L。2) Open the valve 21 and the water pump 31, so that the seawater stored in the water storage tank 1 passes through the flowmeter 41 and then enters the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device 5; the water flow rate is determined according to the number of Cryptocaryon cysts to be treated, which can be 10-50L /min; the gas containing oxygen active fragments prepared in seawater and step 1) is fully mixed in the Venturi gas-liquid miscible device 5 and the liquid-liquid miscible device 9 to generate a high-concentration hydroxyl radical solution, and the concentration of the hydroxyl radical solution is It is regulated by water temperature, oxygen active fragment concentration, equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen-containing active fragment gas, and gas-liquid volume ratio. After the online TRO detector 10 detects the total active oxidant concentration, it enters the culture pond 13. The total oxidant TRO concentration is 2-30mg/ L.
3)步骤2)中生成的高浓度羟基自由基溶液注入养殖池13后,注水时间为1h,水流量为10~50L/min,水面高度为0.1~0.5m;羟基自由基溶液浸泡粘附在养殖池13底的刺激隐核虫包囊0.5~2h,使用显微镜镜检方式检查刺激隐核虫包囊死亡情况,若包囊颜色变浅且无明显分裂相即判断为死亡。3) After the high-concentration hydroxyl radical solution generated in step 2) is injected into the culture pond 13, the water injection time is 1 hour, the water flow rate is 10-50 L/min, and the water surface height is 0.1-0.5 m; the hydroxyl radical solution soaks and adheres to The Cryptocaryon stimulatory cysts at the bottom of the culture pond 13 were examined for 0.5-2 hours using a microscope to check the death of the Cryptocaryon stimulatory cysts. If the color of the cysts became lighter and there was no obvious cleavage phase, it was judged as dead.
4)步骤3)中羟基自由基溶液浸泡刺激隐核虫包囊使其死亡后,打开电机11,使自动旋转毛刷12旋转工作,毛刷沿中轴以10r/min的转速旋转;旋转10min后关闭电机11,打开阀门26使处理完成后已经死亡的包囊随海水直接排入近海海域。4) After soaking in the hydroxyl radical solution in step 3) to stimulate Cryptocaryon cysts to make them die, turn on the motor 11 to make the automatic rotating brush 12 rotate and work, and the brush rotates along the central axis at a speed of 10r/min; rotate for 10min Close motor 11 at last, open valve 26 and make the dead cyst directly discharge into offshore sea area with seawater after the processing is completed.
以下给出杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊具体实施例:The specific examples of killing and stimulating Cryptocaryon cysts are given below:
羟基自由基溶液杀灭刺激隐核虫包囊的实验。Hydroxyl radical solution kills and stimulates Cryptocaryon cysts.
8月中旬,厦门市小嶝岛某养殖厂真鲷养殖池中出现鱼苗摄食减少、用身体摩擦池壁或池底、体表鳃部粘液增多有明显白点、且有部分鱼苗死亡等状况。其养殖池水温为27~28℃,盐度为25.6‰,pH为7.75,溶解氧为6.78mg/L。通过显微镜检发现病鱼体表粘液内包裹有大量黑色、形状呈圆形或梨形的虫体;且养殖池底部有颗粒硬质物存在,判断其出现刺激隐核虫病。收集池底刺激隐核虫包囊进行杀灭实验,对不同·OH剂量下刺激隐核虫包囊的杀灭情况进行表征。实验所用刺激隐核虫包囊个数为100个,放电功率为200W,通过调节气液混溶比来调节所需羟基自由基溶液浓度。设置四个实验组,分别为对照组和三个不同浓度羟基自由基处理组,处理组浓度为1.32mg/L、2.63mg/L和5.27mg/L。将不同浓度羟基自由基溶液直接通入装有刺激隐核虫包囊的烧杯中,浸泡2h后利用显微镜对羟基自由基杀灭前后刺激隐核虫包囊形态进行观察。结果如图2所示,对照组包囊外壳完整,呈黑色梨形或圆形,且包囊内可观察到明显分裂相;将包囊放置于温度为25.2℃的洁净海水中一段时间发现可孵化释放幼虫。而浓度为5.27mg/L的羟基自由基溶液处理后的刺激隐核虫包囊,其包囊壁大体完整,但包囊颜色明显变浅,且无分裂相存在;将处理后包囊放置于温度为25.2℃的洁净海水中发现包囊无法继续发育释放幼虫。不同浓度羟基自由基溶液对刺激隐核虫包囊的杀灭效果如表1所示。In mid-August, in the red sea bream breeding pond of a breeding factory in Xiaodeng Island, Xiamen City, fish fry decreased their feeding intake, rubbed their bodies on the wall or bottom of the pond, increased gill mucus on the body surface with obvious white spots, and some fry died. The water temperature in the culture pond is 27-28°C, the salinity is 25.6‰, the pH is 7.75, and the dissolved oxygen is 6.78mg/L. Through microscopic examination, it was found that there were a large number of black, round or pear-shaped worms wrapped in the mucus on the surface of the diseased fish; and there were granular hard objects at the bottom of the breeding tank, and it was judged that it had cryptocystitis irritating. The stimulated Cryptocaryon cysts were collected at the bottom of the pool for killing experiments, and the killing conditions of stimulated Cryptocaryon cysts under different OH doses were characterized. The number of stimulated Cryptocaryon cysts used in the experiment was 100, the discharge power was 200W, and the concentration of the required hydroxyl radical solution was adjusted by adjusting the gas-liquid miscibility ratio. Four experimental groups were set up, namely the control group and three treatment groups with different concentrations of hydroxyl radicals. The concentrations of the treatment groups were 1.32mg/L, 2.63mg/L and 5.27mg/L. The solutions of different concentrations of hydroxyl radicals were directly passed into the beaker containing the cysts of Cryptocaryon stimuli, and after soaking for 2 hours, the morphology of the cysts of Cryptocaryon stimuli before and after killing by hydroxyl free radicals was observed with a microscope. The results are shown in Figure 2. The cyst shell of the control group was complete, black pear-shaped or round, and obvious split phases could be observed in the cyst; Hatching releases larvae. And concentration is the 5.27mg/L hydroxyl free radical solution treatment after the stimulation Cryptocaryon cyst, its cyst wall is intact substantially, but the cyst color becomes lighter obviously, and there is no cleavage phase to exist; The cyst after treatment is placed in In clean seawater with a temperature of 25.2°C, it was found that the cysts could not continue to develop and release larvae. Table 1 shows the killing effects of different concentrations of hydroxyl radical solutions on stimulating Cryptocaryon cysts.
表1不同浓度羟基自由基溶液对刺激隐核虫包囊的杀灭效果Table 1 The killing effect of different concentrations of hydroxyl radical solutions on stimulating Cryptocaryon cysts
羟基自由基溶液可氧化包囊壁薄弱区使其出现孔洞从而进入包囊内部,组成细胞基本结构的物质和功能物质发生如氨基酸氧化分解、DNA链断裂等不可逆反应,使包囊死亡无法进一步发育释放幼虫,剩余羟基自由基分解成O2和H2O,浓度为5.27mg/L的羟基自由基溶液可完全致死刺激隐核虫包囊。The hydroxyl free radical solution can oxidize the weak area of the cyst wall to cause holes to enter the interior of the cyst, and the substances and functional substances that make up the basic structure of the cell undergo irreversible reactions such as oxidative decomposition of amino acids and DNA strand breaks, making the cyst dead and unable to develop further The larvae were released, and the remaining hydroxyl radicals were decomposed into O 2 and H 2 O. The solution of hydroxyl radicals with a concentration of 5.27mg/L could completely kill and stimulate Cryptocaryon cysts.
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