CN107020901A - 轮框发电装置 - Google Patents

轮框发电装置 Download PDF

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CN107020901A
CN107020901A CN201610912649.XA CN201610912649A CN107020901A CN 107020901 A CN107020901 A CN 107020901A CN 201610912649 A CN201610912649 A CN 201610912649A CN 107020901 A CN107020901 A CN 107020901A
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林以专
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Jonathan Livingston Engineering Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B21/00—Rims
    • B60B21/12—Appurtenances, e.g. lining bands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/001—Devices for manually or automatically controlling or distributing tyre pressure whilst the vehicle is moving
    • B60C23/002—Devices for manually or automatically controlling or distributing tyre pressure whilst the vehicle is moving by monitoring conditions other than tyre pressure or deformation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/041—Means for supplying power to the signal- transmitting means on the wheel
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    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0486—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre comprising additional sensors in the wheel or tyre mounted monitoring device, e.g. movement sensors, microphones or earth magnetic field sensors
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    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
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    • B60C23/06—Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle
    • B60C23/064—Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle comprising tyre mounted deformation sensors, e.g. to determine road contact area
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    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/10—Arrangement of tyre-inflating pumps mounted on vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C29/00—Arrangements of tyre-inflating valves to tyres or rims; Accessories for tyre-inflating valves, not otherwise provided for
    • B60C29/02—Connection to rims
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
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    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1846—Rotary generators structurally associated with wheels or associated parts
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
    • H02K7/1876—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
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    • B60B2900/351—Increase in versatility, e.g. usable for different purposes or different arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
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    • B60C2019/004—Tyre sensors other than for detecting tyre pressure
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    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明提供一种轮框发电装置，包括：一轮框，包含一环形框面、一轮辐单元及一旋转轴线；一轴承，包含一外环与一内环，内环套设在环形框面的两边缘凸唇之间；一转子，设置于外环上，具有至少一永久磁铁，与一偏离旋转轴线的重心；以及一定子，设置于环形框面上，与转子共同形成至少一磁路，当跟随轮框转动之时，能通过至少一磁路中的恒定以及变动磁通量二者之一以产生电动势。本发明通过轴承将定子和转子可转动地设于轮框，转子能通过相对于定子运动而产生电动势，这样，车辆的每个车轮提供个别的独立电源，以实现个别车轮的自主压力调节，且，当某种轮胎触地面侦测器得以实现之时，每个车轮的触地面积便可依据车辆荷重的分布状况作各自的最佳化。

Description

轮框发电装置
技术领域
本发明与一般电磁发电机的领域相关，特别有关于一种以车辆的车轮行进机械能发电的轮框发电机。
背景技术
美国专利第4229728号揭露一种安装在车辆轮轴上的电磁发电机，其转子具有一偏离旋转轴的重心，使得该转子具有保持在最低的垂直位置的倾向，而发电所需的驱动力便通过重力在一滚动旋转的环境中自然地实现。
另一美国专利第7126233号亦采用偏置的重心通过重力发电，但其设置在一旋转的参考框架内，特别的是完全不须与旋转轴线作接触。
上述两件专利皆通过发电机磁路中的变动磁通量产生电动势，因此受磁力的吸斥作用而产生一波动转矩，不论发电机是否待机中或者关闭后皆然。
一种运转较平顺、输出功率较高并且拥有强健特质的轮框发电机应是一共同的终极目标，但也似乎仍然存在着一层神秘的面纱尚未完全揭露，故有提供一种新颖且具有进步性的轮框发电机的必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为车辆的每一车轮提供个别的独立电源，以便实现个别车轮的自主压力调节。当某种轮胎触地面侦测器亦得以实现之时，每个车轮的触地面积便可依据车辆荷重的分布状况作各自的最佳化。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种轮框发电装置，包括：一轮框，包含一环形框面、一轮辐单元以及一旋转轴线；一轴承，包含一外环与一内环，该内环套设在该环形框面的两边缘凸唇之间；一转子，设置于该外环上，具有至少一永久磁铁，与一偏离该旋转轴线的重心；以及一定子，设置于该环形框面上，与该转子共同形成至少一磁路，当跟随该轮框转动之时，能通过至少一磁路中的恒定以及变动磁通量二者之一以产生电动势。
进一步的，
所述轴承、转子以及定子均密封于一真空容置空间中。
所述轴承为一陶瓷滚珠轴承。
所述环形框面具有一向所述边缘凸唇水平延伸的底环沟槽。
所述边缘凸唇为可拆卸式。
所述环形框面具有至少两气嘴孔。
该轮框发电装置还包含一储能电池阵列、一抽气增压系统、一胎温与胎压侦测器、一轮框转速与加速度侦测系统、一车轮荷重侦测系统、一无线传输接收单元、一功率因数校正电路、一直流对直流转换器以及一整合控制电路系统。
本发明的优点是：
本发明的轮框发电装置，通过轴承将定子和转子可转动地设于轮框，该转子能通过相对于该定子运动而产生电动势，如此，车辆的每一车轮提供个别的独立电源，以便实现个别车轮的自主压力调节。另外，当某种轮胎触地面侦测器得以实现之时，每个车轮的触地面积便可依据车辆荷重的分布状况作各自的最佳化。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一最佳实施例示意图；
图2是本发明最佳实施例的重心偏离旋转轴的转子的示意图；
图3是本发明最佳实施例的第一变化例示意图；
图4是本发明最佳实施例的第二变化例示意图；
图5是图4所示第二变化例设置在一轮框上的剖视图；
图6是图4所示第二变化例的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下仅以实施例说明本发明可能的实施例，然并非用以限制本发明所欲保护的范畴。
本发明公开的轮框发电装置，包括：一轮框，一轴承，一转子，以及一定子。该轮框包含一环形框面、一轮辐单元以及一旋转轴线；该轴承包含一外环与一内环，该内环套设在该环形框面的两边缘凸唇之间；该转子设置于该外环上，具有至少一永久磁铁，与一偏离该旋转轴线的重心；该定子设置于该环形框面上，与该转子共同形成至少一磁路，当跟随该轮框转动之时，能通过至少一磁路中的恒定以及变动磁通量二者之一以产生电动势。
图1及图2呈现本发明的一最佳实施例。一轮框发电装置100套设在一轮框91上，具有一环状定子1、一环状转子2以及两轴承3。在本最佳实施例中，环形框面以轮框91为例，该环形框面具有一向边缘凸唇94水平延伸的一底环沟槽95，轴承以两个轴承3为例，该转子以环状转子2为例，该定子以环状定子1为例。轮框91与一外胎92相互配合界定出一气室93，轮框91、外胎92与气室93构成一车轮9。
环状定子1套设在轮框91上，与轮框91一同环绕一旋转轴线L转动，并且具有一电流导体绕线线圈11。
环状转子2以L为轴线环绕轮框91自由转动，并且受两套设在轮框91上的轴承3所支撑。环状转子2具有一偏离L的重心C，同时具有一可为永久磁铁的磁性件21，当轮框91转动之时能在电流导体绕线线圈11上产生电动势。
L与C之间最短距离为D，作用在C上的重力为G；定义自L至C的最短距离方向为α，并且定义α与G的方向间的夹角为θ。是故发电转矩可表示为G·D·Sine(θ)，当θ等于+90°或-90°时，发电转矩具有一最大值为G·D。
图3是本最佳实施例的第一变化例。轮框发电装置200的环状定子1套设在一轴承3′的一内环31′上，内环31′进一步套设在轮框91上。轮框发电装置200的环状转子2套设在轴承3′的一外环32′上，内环31′与外环32′之间具有一滚珠33′。一发电转矩控制系统51电连接环状定子1且设置在内环31′上，通过调节电流导体绕线线圈11的输出电流控制θ在+90°与-90°之间，依轮框91的行进方向而定。发电转矩控制系统51可协同一功率因数校正电路58与一直流对直流转换器59实行对θ的控制，此一原理同样适用于本最佳实施例。
轮框发电装置200理想上还应包括一整合控制电路系统56、一储能电池阵列53、一胎温与胎压侦测器54、一抽气增压系统52、一轮框转速与加速度侦测系统55、一车轮荷重侦测系统57、功率因数校正电路58以及直流对直流转换器59，以上率皆与环状定子1具有电气连结关系。
整合控制电路系统56具有硬件与软件组合的运算能力，可内建记忆体与无线传输接收单元60。抽气增压系统52具有一第二气阀的需求，轮框转速与加速度侦测系统55亦可简化为一加速度传感器。
车轮荷重侦测系统57自轮框91上向轮胎内壁上一点垂直投射一光束，并且侦测光束的反射遇轮胎触地面则因胎面变形所生的剧烈变化。通过分析与光束的投射方向相反的反射所对应的一量测讯号，触地面即可依据内壁上一点触地与离地的两时间瞬间，与轮框91的旋转周期而界定。计算上首先以两时间瞬间之差，除以旋转周期而获得触地面的圆心角，然后计算触地面面积，后者乘以胎压即得车轮荷重。
图4至6呈现本发明最佳实施例的第二变化例，本发明由回转式扩展至直线反复式重力发电，并且具体地实施在一气嘴上。环形框面具有至少两供气嘴装设的气嘴孔96，具有一阀体8(例如气嘴)的一轮框发电装置300设置在轮框91上，包含一定子1′与一转子2′。转子2′与定子1′共同形成一磁路，并且可在定子1′的两个边限位置之间自由滑动。定子1′具有一导体绕线线圈，当转子2′随着轮框91转动而受重力作用在两个边限位置之间反复变换时，能在导体绕线线圈上建立电动势。
以下详细说明重要的工程考量与理论分析。
首先，由于轮胎内部作用在转子上的风阻随着车速成指数型式增加，轴承、转子以及定子理想上应通过一专设的环形闭盖真空密封在环状框面的底环沟槽中。其次，为便于套设轴承、定子以及环形闭盖，底环沟槽应向环状框面的一边缘凸唇水平延伸，并且边缘凸唇应为可通过螺纹或者螺栓固定的可拆卸式。
欲依据法拉第定律(Faraday′s law)通过磁路中恒定的磁通量产生电动势，可移动与磁场垂直的长度1的导线以速度υ横越磁通密度B的磁场，则该导线两端的电位差为1·υ·B。如此意味图3中的磁路间隙(Air gap)需保持一致不变，故环形定子1的横截面亦维持一致不变。因此以细导线缠绕环形定子1，便是减少扩增磁路间隙的较佳恒定磁通发电方案。
θ的控制首先须将轴承的摩擦力列入考量。已知轴承摩擦力Tbearing＝Kbearing·(Kvisc·N)(2/3)，其中Kbearing为特定轴承相关系数，Kvisc为轴承润滑油的粘度，N为轴承的转速(rpm)。兹以效率为念，可令
Kbearing·(Kvisc·Nmax)(2/3)＝0.1G·D，
其中Nmax为该设计的最高转速额定。故，Kvisc＝((0.1G·D/Kbearing)/Nmax (2/3))(3/2)；是以共有Kvisc、G以及D等三个自由度可作调节以满足前式，所以在额定转速内的最大净发电转矩皆等于或大于0.9G·D。
进一步定义ω为上例的发电机角速度，Eff为发电效率，并且假设Tbearing可自实务设计中忽略。故依能量守恒原理，发电机的机械输入与电气输出之间可建立一关系式如下：
Vout，rms·Iout，rms＝ω·G·D·Sine(θ)·Eff
所以，θ＝Inverse Sine(Iour，rms·(Vout，rms/ω)/(G·D·Eff))
其中，Vout，rms/ω与Eff在任意操作点附近皆可视为定值，因此可知θ主要受发电机的输出电流所控制而与行驶速度无关。
但因G具有惯性，会在车辆紧急煞车时向前冲(θ由正转负)，因此必须在θ的控制函数中额外导入一抵减量以便抵消或减低这个不利的效应，该抵减量可简单地与ω的时变量成一比例但正负相反即可。
以上所述是本发明的较佳实施例及其所运用的技术原理，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，任何基于本发明技术方案基础上的等效变换、简单替换等显而易见的改变，均属于本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.轮框发电装置，其特征在于，包括：
一轮框，包含一环形框面、一轮辐单元以及一旋转轴线；
一轴承，包含一外环与一内环，该内环套设在该环形框面的两边缘凸唇之间；
一转子，设置于该外环上，具有至少一永久磁铁，与一偏离该旋转轴线的重心；以及
一定子，设置于该环形框面上，与该转子共同形成至少一磁路，当跟随该轮框转动之时，能通过至少一磁路中的恒定以及变动磁通量二者之一以产生电动势。
2.如权利要求1所述的轮框发电装置，其特征在于，所述轴承、转子以及定子均密封于一真空容置空间中。
3.如权利要求1所述的轮框发电装置，其特征在于，所述轴承为一陶瓷滚珠轴承。
4.如权利要求1所述的轮框发电装置，其特征在于，所述环形框面具有一向所述边缘凸唇水平延伸的底环沟槽。
5.如权利要求1所述的轮框发电装置，其特征在于，所述边缘凸唇为可拆卸式。
6.如权利要求1所述的轮框发电装置，其特征在于，所述环形框面具有至少两气嘴孔。
7.如权利要求1所述的轮框发电装置，其特征在于，还包含一储能电池阵列、一抽气增压系统、一胎温与胎压侦测器、一轮框转速与加速度侦测系统、一车轮荷重侦测系统、一无线传输接收单元、一功率因数校正电路、一直流对直流转换器以及一整合控制电路系统。
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