CN107019489B - 一种oct内窥成像探头及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种OCT内窥成像探头，包括自聚焦光纤，所述自聚焦光纤的出光端连接有球透镜，所述球透镜上设有反射面和与所述反射面相对应的出光窗口，所述自聚焦光纤射出的光在所述反射面的反射作用下经所述出光窗口射出，所述反射面、出光窗口均为平面。本发明还提供了一种OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法。本发明的有益效果是：可优化光的聚焦、避免信号衰减并增强探头的牢固程度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及探头，尤其涉及一种OCT内窥成像探头及其制造方法。
背景技术
光学相干断层扫描技术（Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT），即利用近红外光及光学干涉原理，检测生物组织不同深度层面对入射近红外光光的背向反射或几次散射信号，通过扫描，可得到生物组织二维或三维结构图像。近年来，人们虽然发现它在血管成像、腔内组织（胃）检查中有着无损、分辨率高等优势，但是由于制造工艺复杂、成像效果不佳等问题，难以实现大规模的应用。
目前市面上大多数OCT探头采用如下两种实现方式：
一种是通过胶粘，将玻璃打磨的微型透镜和棱镜，与普通单模光纤粘接在一起。由于直角棱镜和胶的折射率不同，导致它们的连接面会产生光的背向反射，对生物组织图像造成干扰。
另一种则是通过把无芯光纤熔接到单模光纤上，将无芯光纤切割到预定长度，然后将无芯光纤远离单模光纤的末端烧制成球透镜。最后通过激光或机械的方式在球透镜上制成一个全反射面，达到侧面出光的目的。但这种结构有三个缺点：1.从探头光纤出来的红外光斑质量受到探头末端护套的影响；2.从生物组织返回的信号光通过探头末端护套时衰减严重；3.光纤探头用胶固定在扭矩弹簧圈上，在对探头进行高温消毒时，胶粘剂会发生软化，甚至分解掉。
为减少背向反射和信号光能量的损耗、优化光聚焦和成像效果、提高探头牢固程度，就必须对OCT探头的结构进行改进。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的问题，本发明提供了一种OCT内窥成像探头及其制造方法，可优化光的聚焦、避免信号衰减并增强探头的牢固程度。
本发明提供了一种OCT内窥成像探头，包括自聚焦光纤，所述自聚焦光纤的出光端连接有球透镜，所述球透镜上设有反射面和与所述反射面相对应的出光窗口，所述自聚焦光纤射出的光在所述反射面的反射作用下经所述出光窗口射出，所述反射面、出光窗口均为平面。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述反射面与所述自聚焦光纤的轴线的夹角为45度。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述自聚焦光纤远离所述球透镜的一端连接有单模光纤，所述单模光纤、自聚焦光纤外设有内护套，所述内护套外设有外护套，所述内护套包括扭矩弹簧圈和与所述扭矩弹簧圈连接的金属末端护套，所述金属末端护套与所述球透镜位于同一端，所述金属末端护套上设有供所述出光窗口出光的出光口。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述单模光纤、自聚焦光纤、球透镜的外表面均镀覆有金属保护层，所述出光窗口没有镀覆金属保护层。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述金属保护层包括内保护层和外保护层，所述内保护层为银保护层或者铝保护层，所述外保护层为镍保护层或者镍铬合金保护层。
本发明还提供了一种OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将固定长度的自聚焦光纤熔接到单模光纤上；
S2、将所述自聚焦光纤远离所述单模光纤的一端烧制成球透镜；
S3、在所述球透镜上打磨用于反射自聚焦光纤射出的光的反射面，该反射面为平面；
S4、将所述自聚焦光纤、单模光纤、球透镜的外表面金属化；
S5、打磨与所述反射面相对应的出光窗口，该出光窗口为平面；
S6、将所述单模光纤、自聚焦光纤穿入到扭矩弹簧圈内；
S7、将金属末端护套与扭矩弹簧圈连接，使所述金属末端护套与所述球透镜位于同一端，并在所述金属末端护套上设置可供所述出光窗口出光的出光口；
S8、在所述金属末端护套与所述扭矩弹簧圈外设置外护套。
作为本发明的进一步改进，在步骤S3中，所打磨的反射面与自聚焦光纤的轴线的夹角为45度。
作为本发明的进一步改进，在步骤S4中，先通过磁控溅射、化学镀、化学镀与电镀相结合中的任意一种在所述自聚焦光纤、单模光纤、球透镜的外表面镀覆一层银或铝，然后再进行表面氧化、浸锌、退锌中的任意一种，最后电镀镀覆镍或镍铬合金。
作为本发明的进一步改进，在步骤S6中，将所述单模光纤与所述扭矩弹簧圈的末端通过钎焊焊接在一起。
作为本发明的进一步改进，在步骤S7、S8之间，将所述自聚焦光纤、扭矩弹簧圈、金属末端护套通过钎焊焊接在一起。
本发明的有益效果是：通过上述方案，可优化光的聚焦、避免信号衰减并增强探头的牢固程度。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种OCT内窥成像探头的示意图。
图2是本发明一种OCT内窥成像探头的自聚焦光纤的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图说明及具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
如图1所示，一种OCT内窥成像探头，包括自聚焦光纤1，所述自聚焦光纤1的出光端连接有球透镜2，所述球透镜2上设有反射面3和与所述反射面3相对应的出光窗口4，所述自聚焦光纤1射出的光在所述反射面3的反射作用下经所述出光窗口4射出，所述反射面3的大小以能完全反射光速为佳，所述出光窗口4的大小为达到满足通光口径要求，所述反射面3、出光窗口4均为平面，所述OCT内窥成像探头可在血管壁9内进行成像工作。
如图2所示，所述反射面3与所述自聚焦光纤1的轴线的夹角优选为45度，可保证达到侧面出光的目的。
如图1至图2所示，所述自聚焦光纤1远离所述球透镜2的一端连接有单模光纤5，所述单模光纤5、自聚焦光纤1外设有内护套，所述内护套外设有外护套8，所述内护套包括扭矩弹簧圈7和与所述扭矩弹簧圈7连接的金属末端护套6，所述金属末端护套6与所述球透镜2位于同一端，所述金属末端护套6上设有供所述出光窗口4出光的出光口61，其中自聚焦光纤1与单模光纤5熔接为一体。
如图1至图2所示，所述单模光纤5、自聚焦光纤1、球透镜2的外表面均镀覆有金属保护层，所述出光窗口4没有镀覆金属保护层。
如图1至图2所示，所述金属保护层包括内保护层和外保护层，所述内保护层为银保护层或者铝保护层，所述外保护层为镍保护层或者镍铬合金保护层。
如图1至图2所示，一种OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将固定长度的自聚焦光纤1熔接到单模光纤5上；
S2、将所述自聚焦光纤1远离所述单模光纤5的一端烧制成球透镜2；
S3、在所述球透镜2上打磨用于反射自聚焦光纤1射出的光的反射面3，该反射面3为平面；
S4、将所述自聚焦光纤1、单模光纤5、球透镜2的外表面金属化；
S5、打磨与所述反射面3相对应的出光窗口4，该出光窗口4为平面；
S6、将所述单模光纤5、自聚焦光纤1穿入到扭矩弹簧圈7内；
S7、将金属末端护套6与扭矩弹簧圈7连接，使所述金属末端护套6与所述球透镜2位于同一端，并在所述金属末端护套6上设置可供所述出光窗口4出光的出光口61；
S8、在所述金属末端护套6与所述扭矩弹簧圈7外设置外护套8。
在步骤S3中，所打磨的反射面3与自聚焦光纤1的轴线的夹角为45度，可保证达到侧面出光的目的。
在步骤S4中，先通过磁控溅射、化学镀、化学镀与电镀相结合中的任意一种在所述自聚焦光纤1、单模光纤5、球透镜2的外表面镀覆一层银或铝，然后再进行表面氧化、浸锌、退锌中的任意一种，最后电镀镀覆镍或镍铬合金。
在步骤S6中，将所述单模光纤5与所述扭矩弹簧圈7的末端通过钎焊焊接在一起。
在步骤S7、S8之间，将所述自聚焦光纤1、扭矩弹簧圈7、金属末端护套6通过钎焊焊接在一起。
本发明提供的一种OCT内窥成像探头及其制造方法，适用于OCT对血管、食道等腔道的成像。
本发明提供的一种OCT内窥成像探头及其制造方法具有以下优点：
1、将自聚焦光纤1、单模光纤5金属化，因此探头末端无需做防水处理，金属末端护套6开一出光口61用于光线射出，避免了金属末端护套6对聚焦光斑的影响。
2、金属末端护套6设置出光口61的方案避免了普通塑料或玻璃护套对生物组织反射的信号光的衰减。
3、自聚焦光纤1与扭矩弹簧圈7、金属末端护套6通过钎焊焊接成为一整体，避免了像传统OCT探头那样采用胶粘的固定方式，因此在使用过程中高温消毒时，不会有探头由于胶粘剂在高温下软化甚至分解导致探头脱落的情况。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种OCT内窥成像探头，其特征在于：包括自聚焦光纤，所述自聚焦光纤的出光端连接有球透镜，所述球透镜上设有反射面和与所述反射面相对应的出光窗口，所述自聚焦光纤射出的光在所述反射面的反射作用下经所述出光窗口射出，所述反射面、出光窗口均为平面；所述自聚焦光纤远离所述球透镜的一端连接有单模光纤，所述单模光纤、自聚焦光纤外设有内护套，所述内护套外设有外护套，所述内护套包括扭矩弹簧圈和与所述扭矩弹簧圈连接的金属末端护套，所述金属末端护套与所述球透镜位于同一端，所述金属末端护套上设有供所述出光窗口出光的出光口；所述单模光纤、自聚焦光纤、球透镜的外表面均镀覆有金属保护层，所述出光窗口没有镀覆金属保护层, 所述金属保护层包括内保护层和外保护层，所述内保护层为银保护层或者铝保护层，所述外保护层为镍保护层或者镍铬合金保护层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的OCT内窥成像探头，其特征在于：所述反射面与所述自聚焦光纤的轴线的夹角为45度。
3.一种OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、将固定长度的自聚焦光纤熔接到单模光纤上；
S2、将所述自聚焦光纤远离所述单模光纤的一端烧制成球透镜；
S3、在所述球透镜上打磨用于反射自聚焦光纤射出的光的反射面，该反射面为平面；
S4、将所述自聚焦光纤、单模光纤、球透镜的外表面金属化；
S5、打磨与所述反射面相对应的出光窗口，该出光窗口为平面；
S6、将所述单模光纤、自聚焦光纤穿入到扭矩弹簧圈内；
S7、将金属末端护套与扭矩弹簧圈连接，使所述金属末端护套与所述球透镜位于同一端，并在所述金属末端护套上设置可供所述出光窗口出光的出光口；
S8、在所述金属末端护套与所述扭矩弹簧圈外设置外护套。
4.根据权利要求3所述的OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法，其特征在于：在步骤S3中，所打磨的反射面与自聚焦光纤的轴线的夹角为45度。
5.根据权利要求3所述的OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法，其特征在于：在步骤S4中，先通过磁控溅射、化学镀、化学镀与电镀相结合中的任意一种在所述自聚焦光纤、单模光纤、球透镜的外表面镀覆一层银或铝，然后再进行表面氧化、浸锌、退锌中的任意一种，最后电镀镀覆镍或镍铬合金。
6.根据权利要求3所述的OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法，其特征在于：在步骤S6中，将所述单模光纤与所述扭矩弹簧圈的末端通过钎焊焊接在一起。
7.根据权利要求3所述的OCT内窥成像探头的制造方法，其特征在于：在步骤S7、S8之间，将所述自聚焦光纤、扭矩弹簧圈、金属末端护套通过钎焊焊接在一起。
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