CN107002864A - 用于机动车的驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车的驱动装置 Download PDF

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CN107002864A
CN107002864A CN201580066424.0A CN201580066424A CN107002864A CN 107002864 A CN107002864 A CN 107002864A CN 201580066424 A CN201580066424 A CN 201580066424A CN 107002864 A CN107002864 A CN 107002864A
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gear
coast
combustion engine
internal combustion
motor vehicle
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CN107002864B (zh
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J·温克勒
K·福格特赫尔
M·万斯内尔
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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    • B60W30/18072—Coasting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18072—Coasting
    • B60W2030/18081—With torque flow from driveshaft to engine, i.e. engine being driven by vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0638—Engine speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
    • B60W2710/065—Idle condition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/10—Change speed gearings
    • B60W2710/1005—Transmission ratio engaged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0234—Adapting the ratios to special vehicle conditions
    • F16H2061/0237—Selecting ratios for providing engine braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动装置，该机动车具有内燃机(10)，该内燃机输出到传动机构(12)，该传动机构具有多个传动级，所述传动级在使车辆被内燃机(10)驱动的牵引运行中提供可切换的行驶挡位(1至6)，更确切地说是由起步挡位(1)至最高行驶挡位(6)。根据本发明，所述传动机构(12)具有至少一个提供惯性滑行挡位(7)的传动级，该传动级不能够在牵引运行中切换，而是仅能够在车辆拖曳内燃机(12)的惯性滑行中切换。

Description

用于机动车的驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于机动车的驱动装置。
背景技术
根据行驶情况能够在使机动车被驱动机(内燃机和/或电机)驱动的牵引运行中或者在使机动车通过车轮被驱动的惯性滑行中驱动机动车。
在车辆中在惯性滑行时切断推力，其中，为节省燃料不实施燃料喷射。在这种惯性滑行中，车辆牵引动力传动系。动力传动系的所有动力部件产生反作用于驱动力矩的拖曳力矩。拖曳力矩取决于内燃机转速。也就是说，内燃机转速越小，拖曳力矩也越小。因此为减小拖曳力矩，在惯性滑行中，传动机构控制器控制自动变速器至高行驶挡位，在该高行驶挡位中，内燃机仅以降低的转速转动。具有滑行换高挡位的这种类型的驱动装置例如由DE 102013 200 502 A1或由DE 10 2010 041 324 A1所公开。
通常这样测量提供可切换的行驶挡位的传动级，使得至相应下一个更高的行驶挡位上的挡位分级和挡位连接和谐且可良好实现。相应地要在级比图表或挡位分级图表中说明级比。级比被定义为行驶挡位的传动比与下一个更高的行驶挡位的传动比之间的商。在通常的实践中，行驶挡位越低，则级比越大，且在高挡位时通常稳定在水平线上。因而行驶挡位越低，发动机转速差就越大。
与上述设计实践一致，在现有技术中也调节自动变速器中最高行驶挡位的传动比，其在惯性滑行中作为惯性滑行挡位被传动机构控制器控制，并且是这样控制：使得次高的行驶挡位与最高的行驶挡位(即惯性滑行挡位)之间的级比小，以便确保在牵引运行中的和谐的挡位连接。但在此情况下，由于次高的行驶挡位与最高的行驶挡位(即惯性滑行挡位)之间的级比小，所以在内燃机中产生的拖曳损耗仍旧很高。
为进一步减少拖曳损耗，可以在惯性滑行阶段中关闭内燃机并且开启在内燃机与传动机构之间的耦合。此外，内燃机还必须在需要时在较高速度的情况下被再次启动。这对车载电网构成巨大负担。出于安全原因，为此需要冗余的能量供给(即两个彼此脱耦的电池)。此外，在惯性滑行阶段中，各种辅助机组、即空调设备、用于制动的真空供给设备等被停止使用。此外如果在惯性滑行阶段中要再次加速，则要需要很长时间才能够使内燃机再次与传动机构力锁合地连接。
在混合驱动的具有内燃机和作为第二驱动源进行驱动的电机的机动车中，为实现车载电网的供给或为实现高效的回收运行，有利的是，以尽可能小的通过内燃机的制动效果、通过作为发电机接通的电机来实施机动车的惯性滑行以及必要时的制动运行。对此在耦合的内燃机中也合适的是，将传动机构切换至更高的行驶挡位。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种驱动装置，其中，在燃料消耗和/或回收运行方面能够实现机动车的效率更好的惯性滑行和/或制动运行。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征实现。本发明的有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中公开。
根据权利要求1的特征部分，所述传动机构具有至少一个提供惯性滑行挡位的传动级，其在牵引运行中不由传动机构控制器激活，而是仅在惯性滑行中被激活，在惯性滑行中，车辆在建立降低驱动力矩的拖曳力矩的情况下拖曳内燃机。由于因此惯性滑行挡位仅可供惯性滑行、而不是牵引运行使用，所以相比于上述现有技术，惯性滑行挡位至下一个更低挡位的和谐连接不起作用。因此在设计惯性滑行挡位的传动比时，可以将重点特意放在内燃机转速非常剧烈地降低至空转转速或其之下。
可以在机动车惯性滑行时以及在较高速度时切换至惯性滑行挡位，其中，内燃机转速能够降低至空转转速或其之下。通过根据本发明的提议因此也能够在较高的速度范围内更多地利用机动车的动能，而不使内燃机脱耦或停止运转或失去推力。惯性滑行挡位传动级在此显著降低内燃机转速；在较低的车辆速度时，此外还可以通过已知的滑行换高挡位经由行驶挡位实现上述情况。
以特别有利于观察的方式，可以在传动机构的级比图表中设计惯性滑行挡位以便确保转速有效降低，该图表具有朝向最大级比的直线的或减小的级比。在此要考虑的是，惯性滑行挡位不必形成至相邻最高行驶挡位的和谐过渡，这是因为仅在惯性滑行中在较高行驶速度时且优选自动地使用惯性滑行挡位。
在本发明的有利的改进方案中，可以设有至少两个惯性滑行挡位，它们不能够作为行驶挡位使用，并且视速度而定被这样切换，使得在惯性滑行中能够在大的速度范围内将内燃机的转速基本上保持至空转转速。由此进一步提高了使用效果。
在混合驱动的具有内燃机和传动机构的机动车中，当机动车在相应速度的情况下通过电机在回收运行中被制动时，至少一个惯性滑行挡位被切换。
此外可以在电机的回收运行中或在机动车的制动运行中，在至少两个不作为行驶挡位设置的惯性滑行挡位中，该惯性滑行挡位被这样切换，使得在更大速度范围内，内燃机的转速被保持在空转转速范围内或者几乎只由电机在相应的能量回收时承担制动作用。
用于在特别是混合驱动的机动车上执行该方法的一种特别有利的装置——所述机动车具有内燃机、带有多个传动级的传动机构以及必要时具有作为第二驱动源的电机——的特征是，所述传动机构具有至少一个不能够作为行驶挡位使用的传动级或惯性滑行挡位，其在机动车的惯性滑行中能够被切换并且其在机动车的较高的速度范围内显著降低内燃机的转速至空转转速。
此外，可以通过电子控制器在惯性滑行中以及必要时在机动车的制动运行中禁止至内燃机的燃料输入并且在机动车的较高速度范围内切换至少一个惯性滑行挡位。
最后，在传动机构的至少两个不能够用作行驶挡位的惯性滑行挡位的情况下，传动级可以被这样切换，使得内燃机的转速被保持在燃料喷入极限之上和/或通过控制器降低与转速有关的喷入极限。这样做的优势是，能够尽可能地禁止燃料输入并且仍旧确保从机动车的惯性滑行至仅通过内燃机或与电机相组合的驱动运行之间的有利于动力的过渡。
附图说明
下面借助附图详述本发明的实施例。
附图示出：
图1以框图示出用于机动车的混合动力驱动系统，该机动车具有内燃机、传动机构和作为第二驱动源的电机，它们被电子控制器控制；
图2示例性示出根据图1的传动机构的传动级的级比图表，具有多个行驶挡位和一个惯性滑行挡位；和
图3示出表明拖曳功率(即拖曳力矩)与内燃机转速之间关系的图表。
具体实施方式
图1粗略示出用于混合驱动的机动车的驱动装置，该机动车具有内燃机10、内置有驱动机动车前轮14的差速器(未示出)的传动机构12。
此外，驱动装置具有作为第二驱动源的电机16，该电机通过仅示意性示出的差速器18驱动机动车的后轮20。
能够作为发动机或发电机被接通的电机16经由布置在机动车中的动力电池22被供给电流，其中，在传动机构12中和电机22中的控制以及换挡过程通过电子控制器24进行，该电子控制器以公知方式分析处理发动机特有的数据(载荷要求、转速等)和行驶特有的数据(速度、制动操纵等)。
所述传动机构12在此示例性地是自动变速器(例如双离合变速器或由行星齿轮组构成的自动变速器)，其具有六个前进挡位1-6(行驶挡位)和另外一个提供惯性滑行挡位7的传动级。
行驶挡位1-6在其传动比方面被设计作为起步挡位1、中间挡位2-5和必要时的经济挡位6，其中，在行驶挡位5中达到机动车的最终速度，而E挡6则实现在较高速度范围内内燃机的转速降低。
惯性滑行挡位7相反则被布置成，在机动车的较高的速度范围内将内燃机10在惯性滑行时的转速显著降低至空转转速，其中，空转转速优选位于重新对内燃机供给燃料时的极限转速之上。具体而言，惯性滑行挡位7可以是被相应传动的行星齿轮组或传动机构16的齿轮组。但也可以设想实现图2所示图表的所有可行方案。
图2示出具有传动机构12的挡位分级的图表。通常而言，挡位越低，则级比就越大并且在高挡位时通常稳定在水平线上，该级比被定义为一个挡位与下一个更高挡位(例如)之间的商；但挡位分级也可以基本是直线的(均匀的)。在设计传动机构12中的传动级时，重要的是，使得级比相对于机动车的速度以及匹配于内燃机10的功率曲线建立从一个传动级至另一个传动级的和谐切换。
如图表所示，从6(可能时的E挡)至惯性滑行挡位7的级比明显大于行驶挡位1-6的各单个的级比，并通过相应的传动机构传动比确保了在惯性滑行中内燃机10的转速明显下降并且该内燃机仅还能施加反作用于驱动力矩MA的小的拖曳力矩MS(图1)。拖曳力矩MS的大小与内燃机转速之间的依赖关系在图3的图表中示出，据此，随着内燃机转速减小，拖曳力矩也变小。反之结果是，惯性滑行挡位7不起到驱动机动车的行驶挡位的作用，因此仅在惯性滑行时被自动激活，而不是在车辆被内燃机驱动的车辆牵引运行中被自动激活。
在机动车的行驶运行中，内燃机10和/或电机16驱动机动车。如果电机16进行驱动，则可以通过控制器24调节挡位直至到达惯性滑行挡位，内燃机10在该惯性滑行挡位时显著被调节至空转转速，并且此时不进行燃料喷射，但被内燃机10驱动的附加单元仍保持工作。
在内燃机10被接通、机动车速度较高时，在识别出惯性滑行时实现挡位的滑行换高挡位或切换至惯性滑行挡位7，其将内燃机10的转速以如上所述那样显著降低至空转转速。
在机动车的制动运行中(这还通过制动控制器或制动踏板操作被识别)，在此额外接通电机16作为发电机并且在回收运行中输送更多或更少的电流至动力电池22。
如果例如通过加速踏板再次对功率需求进行控制，则根据速度在传动机构12中挂入行驶挡位并且通过再次进行的燃料输入相应激活内燃机10。
本发明并不局限于所示实施例。替代地也可以设置两个惯性滑行挡位，它们在机动车的加大的速度范围内确保在空转范围内的发动机转速。
必要时也可以通过控制器24这样设计挡位选择，使得内燃机10的空转转速一直位于确定的极限转速之上，以便禁止所不希望的燃料输入。此外，极限转速还可以以规定方式被降低。
所述驱动装置本身仅是示例性的。电机16还可以以公知方式定位在其它位置上(例如在标准驱动机构中定位在万向轴上)。但要注意的是，在惯性滑行挡位7中仅降低内燃机10的转速，而不降低电机16的转速。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于机动车的驱动装置，该机动车具有内燃机(10)，该内燃机输出到传动机构(12)，该传动机构具有多个传动级，所述传动级在使车辆被内燃机(10)驱动的牵引运行中提供可切换的行驶挡位(1至6)，更确切地说是由起步挡位(1)至最高行驶挡位(6)，其特征在于，所述传动机构(12)具有至少一个提供惯性滑行挡位(7)的传动级，该传动级不能够在牵引运行中切换，而是仅能够在车辆拖曳内燃机(12)的惯性滑行中切换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，拖曳力矩(MS)的大小取决于内燃机转速，也就是说，发动机转速越小，拖曳力矩(MS)就越小，为了减小惯性滑行中产生的拖曳力矩(MS)，惯性滑行挡位(7)相比于可在牵引运行中切换的最高行驶挡位(6)具有更大的传动比。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，在惯性滑行中在切换至惯性滑行挡位(7)时，能够借助于发动机控制器使内燃机转速一直下降至内燃机空转转速或其之下。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，可在牵引运行中切换的行驶挡位(1至6)之一的传动比(i)与可在牵引运行中切换的下一个更高的行驶挡位(1至6)的传动比(i)的商定义了级比所述传动机构(12)被构造成，级比越小，行驶挡位(1至6)就越高。
5.根据权利要求4所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，在最高行驶挡位(6)与惯性滑行挡位(7)之间的级比至少大于次高的行驶挡位(5)与最高的行驶挡位(6)之间的级比
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，提供一个或多于一个的、不是作为行驶挡位、而是能够作为惯性滑行挡位使用的传动级，该传动级视速度而定被这样切换，使得在惯性滑行中内燃机(10)的转速能够下降直至到达空转转速或其之下。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，在混合驱动的机动车——该混合驱动的机动车具有内燃机(10)、传动机构(12)和作为第二驱动源的、进行驱动的电机(16)——中，至少当机动车在相应速度的情况下通过电机(16)在回收运行中被制动时，所述惯性滑行挡位(7)被切换。
8.根据权利要求7所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，在电机(16)的回收运行中或在机动车的制动运行中，在至少一个或多于一个的、不作为行驶挡位设置的传动级中，该传动级被这样切换，使得在更大速度范围内，内燃机(10)的转速被保持在空转转速范围内。
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