CN107000330B - 一种用于将密封件施加至板件的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于将密封件施加至板件的方法 Download PDF

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CN107000330B
CN107000330B CN201580064673.6A CN201580064673A CN107000330B CN 107000330 B CN107000330 B CN 107000330B CN 201580064673 A CN201580064673 A CN 201580064673A CN 107000330 B CN107000330 B CN 107000330B
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seal
flexible material
plate
support element
edge
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CN107000330A (zh
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坎迪多·穆里约·Y·帕西菲科
乔瓦尼·斯卡里奥拉
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Splifar
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Splifar
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C39/26—Moulds or cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/08—Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/20—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. moulding inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/746—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/744
    • B29C66/7465—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81264—Mechanical properties, e.g. hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2031/3052—Windscreens

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种将密封件(2，102)施加到板件(3)、尤其是具有形状缺陷的板件上的方法。在板件(3)的一部分上限定感兴趣的边缘，密封件(2，102)将被施加到该感兴趣的边缘上。然后将板件(3)安置在包括由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件(5，105)和由柔性材料制成的支撑元件(6，106)的工具(4，104)上，使得感兴趣的边缘搁置在由柔性材料制成的支撑元件的一部分上。在将密封件施加到感兴趣的边缘上时，板件被保持在预定的参考位置，并且由柔性材料制成的元件以垂直于由柔性材料制成的元件的外表面的方式被推靠在板件上，外表面与其上搁置有感兴趣的边缘的表面相对。

Description

一种用于将密封件施加至板件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于向板件、尤其是向具有形状缺陷的板件施加封接件的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
-提供至少包括由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件和由柔性材料制成的支撑元件的工具，
-在板件的一部分上限定感兴趣的边缘，封接件由于被施加到感兴趣的边缘上，
-将板件安置在工具上，使得感兴趣的边缘至少搁置在由柔性材料的支撑元件的部分上，
-将工具上的板件保持在预定的参考位置，
-将封接件施加到感兴趣的边缘上，
-将板件及所施加的封接件从工具移除。
背景技术
这种方法从文献EP 0 409 091可知。板件通常由玻璃板形成，该玻璃板被安置成安装在车辆的主体中。为了将玻璃板安装在主体中，采用了沿着板的边缘的至少一部分延伸的封接件。
目前，多种方法被用于将封接件施加到板件上。
已经预成型的封接件可以被胶合或者安装到板件上。欧洲专利EP 1 361 098披露了一种利用胶带将预成型的封接件胶合到板件上的方法。封接件被压在凸缘的各部分之间并且然后板件被推向该封接件。
替换地，封接件可通过挤压法或者通过注射模塑法(RIM)在板件上直接产生。欧洲专利EP 1 577 080披露了一种用于将封接件施加到板件上的方法。提出了一种模塑方法，其中，可硬化的合成物被沉积在工具的至少一部分表面上。与注射模塑法(RIM)相反的是，可硬化的合成物并不被注射入闭合的工具，而是通过施喷装置直接或者间接地施加到板件和工具的表面，该施喷装置沿着板件的边缘移动同时将可硬化的合成物施加到板件上。在敞开的工具中，当合成物与周围空气接触时，合成物在被施加后硬化。在工具上或者已施加的合成物上没有施加压力。工具的表面可以由多个柔性材料例如比方说硅材料制成。一般，工具包括两个部分：由金属制成的第一支撑部分和第二柔性部分，第二柔性部分被插入在第一支撑部分设有的槽中。柔性部分是静态的，因此当施加可硬化的合成物时不会在板件上施加任何的压力。然后，板件被安置在第二柔性部分上并且搁置在接触表面上。
应当指出，不管使用什么技术，在施加期间或者在封接件的成型期间板件和工具之间的不渗透性是很重要的。事实上，所施加的封接件必须是完全不渗透的。
上文提到的技术在板件是完全光滑的时候是有效的。然而，尽管在制造例如汽车的玻璃窗格的这种板件期间采用了防范措施，汽车的玻璃窗格仍具有不平整现象。尤其是，由汽车制造商研发的玻璃窗格的形状越来越复杂。可以测量在板件厚度变化方面或者在曲率方面的偏差，或者也可以通过局部突起或缺口的存在测量偏差。事实上，板件一般被制造成相对于参考形状具有一定的公差。
然而，封接件的施加对于局部缺陷的存在是敏感的。因此，存在一种将封接件施加到板件的方法的实际需要，尤其是当板件具有形状缺陷或者局部缺陷时，该方法仍然允许将封接件施加到该板件上。
发明内容
为此，根据本发明的方法的特征在于，压力在施加封接件期间被施加，并且压力垂直于由柔性材料制成的元件的外表面，所述外表面与其上搁置有感兴趣的边缘的表面相对，使得由柔性材料制成的元件压靠板件。
沿着感兴趣的边缘在由柔性材料制成的元件上施加的压力推动由柔性材料制成的元件抵靠板件，并且尤其弥补了板件中存在的形状缺陷。因此，在施加封接件时不会发生材料的漏隙，并且封接件到板件的粘合沿着整个感兴趣的边缘是连续的。
在根据本发明的第一优选的实施例中，所施加的压力至少等于0.5巴。
施加这种压力具有的优点在于，由柔性材料制成的元件被充分地推压抵靠板件，而不会有板件破裂的风险。
根据本发明的第二优选的实施例中，封接件通过利用涂敷器施加可硬化的合成物而产生，所述涂敷器沿着感兴趣的边缘移动。
可硬化的合成物具有在短时间内形成封接件的优点。封接件在部分地与板件的边缘以及由柔性材料制成的元件直接接触时硬化。
在根据本发明的第三优选的实施例中，含有聚氨酯的反应混合物作为可硬化的合成物被施加，所述含有聚氨酯的反应混合物被配制成产生含有聚氨酯并且具有大于400kg/m3的密度的弹性体材料。
这具有确保封接件的机械性能的优点。作为车窗，设置有封接件的板件也可以被安置在车身中，并保证玻璃窗格的不渗透性。
根据本发明的第四优选的实施例，封接件被插入设置在由柔性材料制成的元件中的凹部中，封接件沿着一侧设置有粘合物质。
将预成型封接件置入被设置在由柔性材料制成的元件中的凹部中具有数个优点。设置有粘合物质的封接件仅与由柔性材料制成的元件接触，这意味着由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件经受较少的由封接件和粘合物质引起的磨损。如上文所述，由柔性材料制成的元件传递所施加的压力以将被设有粘合物质的封接件胶合至板件，并且该元件与沿着感兴趣的边缘的板件的形状相配，从而确保沿着感兴趣的边缘均匀地施加封接件。将不再需要随后的处理，例如将轮子施加到封接件上以便最终确定封接件与板件的粘合性。
在本发明的第五优选的实施例中，至少由柔性材料制成的元件的其上搁置有所述板件的表面上使用具有小于90的邵氏A硬度的弹性材料。
具有小于90的邵氏A硬度的弹性材料具有的优点在于，施加在由柔性材料制成的元件的外表面上的压力可以被传递到接触表面。同时，板件破裂的风险仍然非常有限。在本发明的上下文中，“邵氏A硬度标度”是指如由标准ASTM D2240(2010)定义的硬度计硬度标度。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明，现将参照作为示例的附图，在该附图中：
图1为在用于采用可硬化的合成物将封接件施加到板件的方法中使用的装置的横向截面图。
图2为在用于采用可硬化的合成物将封接件施加到板件的方法中使用的装置的横向截面图，其中，工具包括凹入部分。
图3a为与安置在工具上的板件一起使用而使得板件搁置在由柔性材料制成的支撑材料上的装置的横向截面图。
图3b为所用装置的横向截面图，其中可硬化的合成物通过喷淋法而被施加。
图3c为在封接件被施加后的所用的装置的横向截面图。
图4为用于将预成型封接件粘结至板件的方法中所用的装置的横向截面图。
图5a为与预成型封接件一起使用的装置的横向截面图，所述预成型封接件被安置在设置在由柔性材料制成的元件中的凹部中并且被设有粘合材料。
图5b为所用的装置的横向截面图，其中，所施加的压力导致由柔性材料制成的元件被推向板件。
图5c为所用的装置的横向截面图，其中，当封接件被粘合至板件时停止压力的施加。
在附图中，相同的或等同的特征具有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
封接件通常被施加到板件的至少一部分轮廓上并且至少部分包围板件的边缘。在车辆的玻璃窗格的具体实例中，封接件一般沿着玻璃窗格的至少一个边缘被施加，以便在玻璃窗格被插入车辆的主体中时确保不渗透性。在接下来的描述中，感兴趣的边缘表示板件的一部分，板件的一部分上所施加的封接件被要求用于其将来的使用。因此，感兴趣的边缘可以是板件的轮廓、整个轮廓的一部分、或者板件的另一部分，或者是必须被施加的封接件。此外，封接件可被施加到板件的单个表面上、施加到板件的两个表面上和/或施加到板件的外周边缘表面上。本发明的目的可用在所有的这些实例中。术语板件被用在整个描述中。板件可以是玻璃窗格、费列克斯玻璃窗格、太阳能板、合成材料或金属材料，或者更一般地是任何类型的需要施加封接件的板件。此外，在本发明中，封接件可以是允许两个元件之间的不渗透性的功能被实施的元件或者是两个元件之间的连接件，但是也可以是被安置在只为装饰目的的元件上的构件。
图1示出了将封接件2施加到板件3上的第一实施例。在该第一实施例中，封接件2通过利用沿着板件3的感兴趣的边缘移动的涂敷器16施加可硬化的合成物而产生。封接件2在合成物施加在感兴趣的边缘上且硬化之后被粘合至板件。
当封接件被施加在板件上时，板件一般被安置在工具上，工具的表面的尺寸与板件的尺寸相当。在封接件沿着三个边缘被施加在车辆的挡风玻璃上的实例中，工具将至少沿着整个这三个边缘支撑板件。用于将工具上的板件保持在预定参考位置(未示出)的系统例如吸盘可被用于将板件3固定在其参考位置。
图1为被用于施加封接件2的工具4的截面图。工具4包括由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件5和由柔性材料制成的元件6。
优选地，由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件5包括纵向凹部11，纵向凹部11适用于接纳由柔性材料制成的元件6。该凹部11优选地围绕工具如槽的整个轮廓延伸，并因此当板件被引入工具时凹部11也可以完全地或部分地形成沿着板件的感兴趣的边缘的环部。该工具适配于预定板件的形状。然而，工具4还包括沿着轮廓的每侧延伸的多个独立的线性部分。
由柔性材料制成的元件6包括腿部和头部。腿部和头部的上表面被设置成类似于楼梯的台阶。表面7a对应于腿部的上表面。有利地，表面7c为由柔性材料的元件6的头部的上表面。表面17对应于腿部的下表面。
板件3包括彼此相对的分别为8和9第一表面和第二表面、以及外周边缘表面10。板件3被安置在工具4中，通过这种方法使得感兴趣的边缘搁置在由柔性材料的元件6的腿部的上表面7a。
凹部11的形状取决于由柔性材料制成的元件的形状并且优选地与由柔性材料制成的元件的形状互补。在这个实施例中，凹部11由两个空腔部分组成，一个空腔部分比另一个空腔部分深，其中，如图1中所示的，每个空腔部分的横截面的形状基本上是矩形的，以便空腔的最深部分适用于接纳由柔性材料制成的元件的腿部以及最浅部分适用于接纳头部。
优选地，凹部11或者更具体地说是两个空腔部分的深度稍微大于由柔性材料制成的元件6的高度，这使得元件6可以滑入并且可被插入凹部11中。有利地，凹部11的宽度基本上对应于由柔性材料制成的元件6的宽度。
有利地，凹部11的尺寸被设置成使得，当板件被插入工具4中时，由柔性材料制成的元件不能从由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件5脱离：由柔性材料制成的元件6的头部倚靠凹部11的壁，腿部被足够深地插入空腔的最深部分，并且板件3搁置在腿部的上表面7a上。当然，可以提供更复杂先进的锁定系统。
当由柔性材料制成的元件6被插入凹部11中时，由凹部11的最深空腔的下表面和壁以及由柔性材料制成的元件6的下表面17形成补偿室12。支撑元件5包括管道14，管道14将补偿室12连接至工具的外侧、优选地连接至用于施加压力的装置13。工具4至少沿着整个感兴趣的边缘支撑板件。由柔性材料制成的元件和凹部11至少沿着板件的感兴趣的边缘在工具中延伸。将补偿室12连接至用于施加压力的装置13的多个管道14被设置在工具中距离彼此一段距离。
在图1所示的示例中，用于施加压力的装置13有利地包括泵，该泵允许注入和抽取流体例如气体或液体。因此，泵通过管道14连接至补偿室12。
在另一个实施例中，用于施加压力的装置13包括设置在补偿室12中的弹簧或者气囊。
板件3、由柔性材料制成的元件6和涂敷器16的布置决定封接件的最终形状。沿着板件3的感兴趣的边缘移动的涂敷器16优选地垂直于其上搁置有板件3的表面7a来施加可硬化的合成物。因此，有利地，可硬化的合成物被沉积在位于边缘表面10和外表面7b之间的空间中。该空间的尺寸决定封接件的尺寸。当该空间被填满时，可硬化的合成物的一部分还被沉积在表面9的端部上。
表面7c优选地被设有切割边缘15。切割边缘15包括锋利的上部部分，上部部分的曲率半径优选地小于1mm。切割边缘15被设置成超过板件3的外周边缘表面10，从而形成防止可硬化的合成物流到支撑元件5的第一边缘。被沉积在切割边缘15的上游的表面7c上的可硬化合成物形成封接件的唇部。当玻璃窗格被安装在主体中时，提供密封的通常是该唇部。优选地，表面7c与表面7a不平行而是被抬高，以便防止可硬化的合成物流到支撑元件5上。
根据图2中所示的本发明的第二实施例，上部表面7a包括凹部7d，使得封接件也可以被施加到第一表面8的边缘上。因此，封接件不仅被施加到表面9的端部和外周边缘表面10上，还被施加到表面8的端部上。
可硬化的合成物优选地利用涂敷器16例如喷管来施加。对于本发明，不同类型的喷管可被用于产生不同的流动结构。可以用来参考的是，文献EP1577080中所述的合适的喷管的示例。
优选地，由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件5可以由金属制成。有利地，由柔性材料制成的元件6的材料包括可变形塑料，优选聚合物或弹性体，并且甚至更有利地是硅树脂。优选地，由柔性材料制成的元件6的材料可以被选择成使得，当元件6被推动抵靠板件3时，元件6压抵板件以便使接触表面18不渗透，即便是在板件3中出现变形时。不过，由柔性材料制成的元件6的材料也必须足够刚硬，以便施加在柔性材料上的压力不会使表面7a、7b、7c和7d变形。由柔性材料制成的元件6的刚度的这两个条件确保了，当施加封接件2时由柔性材料制成的元件6和板件3的感兴趣的边缘之间没有间隙，以便封接件可被正确地形成在板件3感兴趣的边缘上，而没有材料的漏隙。
上表面7a可以至少部分地、但优选基本上完全由具有小于90邵氏A硬度、更具体地为小于60的邵氏A硬度的弹性材料制成。因此，由柔性材料制成的元件6可以例如由硅材料制成。因此，由柔性材料制成的元件6可以通过在原模中模制或者通过挤压而被容易地生产。由于由柔性材料制成的元件6的弹性性质，原模不需要以非常精确地方式生产，并且不需要被精炼以使得制造成本更低。
图3a、3b和3c示出了用于将封接件2施加到本发明的这个实施例中的板件3上所需要的不同的步骤。优选地，可硬化的合成物利用被设有喷管的涂敷器16通过浇注方法来施加。
有利地，在图中未示出的第一步中，准备并清洁工具4。由柔性材料制成的元件6被插入工具4的凹部11中，导致在工具4的内部形成补偿室12。有利地，板件3也被清洁以便改善封接件到板件的粘合性。
根据本发明的一个实施例，由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件5被加热至介于30℃和100℃之间、优选介于45℃和75℃之间的温度。这使得硬化反应的速度能够被增大，硬化反应的速度在温度高于室温时更快。
在图3a中所示的第二步中，板件3被安置在工具4中，使得板件3的至少感兴趣的边缘搁置在由柔性材料制成的元件6的上表面7a上。因此，在由柔性材料制成的元件6的上表面7a和板件3的表面8之间产生接触表面18。然而，板件3的重量不足以确保沿着整个接触表面18的不渗透性。
然而，如上文所指出的，板件3的不平整或者局部变形可在上表面7a和板件3的边缘之间产生局部间隙。板件3和上表面7a之间的不渗透性对于沿着整个感兴趣的边缘施加封接件来说是需要的。该不渗透性对于当施加封接件时防止材料的漏隙来说是必要的。
在图3b中所示的第三步中，补偿室12中的压力被施加在由柔性材料制成的元件的下表面17上。该压力利用用于施加压力的装置13被施加至补偿室12。施加在补偿室12中的压力大于周围环境的压力，周围环境的压力通常相当于大气压力。
该压力产生了由柔性材料制成的元件6在板件3的方向上的推力。因此，在板件3和由柔性材料制成的元件的上表面7a之间的接触表面18上产生反压力。在接触表面18上产生的该局部压力确保了板件3的边缘和由柔性材料制成的元件6之间的不渗透性。因此获得了改进的密封，即便是在沉积可硬化的合成物之前包括不平整或者局部变形的地方。
优选地，为了持续地确保沿着感兴趣的边缘的不渗透性，压力被局部施加在不同的预定位置。这些位置可以是等距的或者不等距的，这取决于沿着由坚硬材料制成的支撑件5的各种导管14的布置。
有利地，润滑剂被沉积在由柔性材料制成元件的腿部的壁和凹部11的壁之间，以便促进由柔性材料制成的元件6在凹部11中滑动。润滑剂的使用还具有的优点是，它防止了流体流出补偿室12，以便使补偿室12中的压力维持在恒定水平或者以稳定的方式而不是突然变化来改变压力水平。所使用的润滑剂可以是具体为水或者油。
在图3b中所示的第四步中，封接件2通过利用沿着感兴趣的边缘移动的涂敷器16施加可硬化的合成物而产生。
可硬化的合成物优选地包括聚氨酯的反应混合物，该反应混合物包括多元醇和异氰酸酯合成物。可硬化的合成物优选地被配制成生成弹性体聚氨酯材料，该弹性体聚氨酯材料具有大于400kg/m3和优选大于500kg/m3的密度。
可硬化的合成物可以例如在室温下施加。然而，为了加速硬化反应，可硬化的合成物一般在较高的温度下被施加到例如受热表面上。在本发明的一个实施例中，由工具4的坚硬材料制成的支撑元件5由金属制成并且被加热到介于30℃和100℃之间、优选介于45℃和75℃之间的温度。
整个表面可以通过涂敷器16的多遍加工、优选通过涂敷器16的最多两遍加工、并且更具体地通过涂敷器16的一遍加工而被涂覆有可硬化的合成物的层。
在图3c中所示的第五步中，在可硬化的合成物硬化之后，用于施加压力的装置13被停止，补偿室12中的压力降低，并由柔性材料制成的元件6向下移回到凹部11。板件3和在所述板件上生成的封接件2然后从工具4移除。
在硬化的过程期间，可硬化的合成物与由柔性材料制成的元件6的上表面7a、板件3的外周边缘表面10接触，或者与气体接触。在封接件2或由柔性材料制成的元件6上没有施加额外的外部压力。
由柔性材料制成的元件6从装置1的外侧可观察到。因此，简单的目视检查使得能够确定由柔性材料制成的元件的状态。如果由柔性材料制成的元件6需要更换，则元件6可以容易且快速地从由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件5移除，而不必分离其它元件。工具上的磨损将限于由可被更换的柔性材料制成的元件6。实际上，在正常使用时，封接件不会与由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件发生接触。因此，装置1易于维护。
在本发明的第二实施例中，预成型的封接件通过粘合物质施加到板件上。由柔性材料制成的元件的形状以及工具的形状与前述实施例不同，但是该方法的原理是类似的。由柔性材料制成的元件的形状适用于通过胶合而施加的预成型封接件的形状。预成型封接件可由橡胶、塑性材料或弹性体制成。
图4为根据本实施例的用于将封接件102施加到板件3上的装置100的横向截面图。图4示出了被用于施加封接件102的工具104。工具104包括由刚性材料制成的支撑元件105和由柔性材料制成的元件106。由刚性材料制成的支撑元件105包括凹部111。凹部111为U形形状，并且由柔性材料制成的元件106基本上是矩形的。凹部111的尺寸适于由柔性材料制成的元件106能够在凹部111中滑动。有利地，凹部111的宽度基本上对应于由柔性材料制成的元件106的宽度。优选地，凹部111的深度稍微大于由柔性材料制成的元件106的高度，以使得元件106可被插入凹部111中。
类似于本发明的第一实施例，由柔性材料制成的元件106然后可以在凹部中向上滑动以便移动更靠近板件，或者向下滑动以便移动远离板件。当由柔性材料制成的元件106插入凹部111中时，由凹部111的下表面和壁以及由柔性材料制成的元件106的下表面形成补偿室112。用于施加压力的装置13以及将补偿室112连接到用于施加压力的装置13的管道14与前述实施例相同。
由柔性材料制成的元件106的形状取决于预成型封接件102的形状，并且元件106的上表面优选地与预成型封接件102的形状互补。在本实施例中，如图4所示，预成型封接件为半圆柱的形状。由柔性材料制成的元件106因此包括纵向凹部108，纵向凹部108的形状为U形，并且纵向凹部108的尺寸基本上为封接件的尺寸。
在本实施例中，如图4所示，预成型封接件被施加到板件3的第一表面8上。
可以使用机械臂(未示出)来将预成型封接件102定位在槽108中。粘合剂121被施加到意在与板件3发生接触的封接件的上表面上。有利的是，该粘合剂121通过用于施加粘合剂(未示出)的装置来施加。
优选地，润滑剂120在凹部111中被沉积在由柔性材料制成的元件106和由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件105之间。与本发明的第一实施例一样，润滑剂120的使用具有防止流体从补偿室112流出的优点。
图5a、5b和5c示出了根据本发明实施例的用于施加封接件的方法的不同的步骤。
第一步涉及准备和清洁工具104。由柔性材料制成的元件106被插入到凹部111中，从而形成补偿室112。可选择地利用机械臂将封接件102安置在由柔性材料制成的元件106的纵向槽108中。将粘合剂施加到意与板件3发生接触的封接件的表面上，并在该表面上形成粘合剂层121。优选地，在将封接件插入由柔性材料制成的元件106的纵向槽108中之后，将粘合剂施加到封接件的表面上。根据本发明的替代实施例，可以利用已经施加到封接件的外表面上的粘合剂将封接件插入槽中。
板件3被定位成使得板件3的感兴趣的边缘被安置由柔性材料制成的元件106的上方。在该实施例中，如图5a至图5c所示，板件的第一表面8被安置在工具的上方。优选地，该表面被预先清洁以便改善封接件到板件的粘合性。粘合剂也可以预先被施加到板件的表面上。
压力利用用于施加压力的装置113被施加在补偿室112中。如图5a中的箭头所指出的，由柔性材料制成的元件106受到将其推向板件3的力。在另一个实施例中，将板件推向由柔性材料制成的元件也是可能的。
在图5b中，由柔性材料制成的元件106以及封接件102抵靠板件，并且沿着设置有封接件的由柔性材料制成的元件和板件之间的整个接触表面118施加压力。位于包括封接件的纵向槽的两侧上的接触表面118将封接件气密地压靠在板件上。由于由柔性材料制成的元件对板件施加压力，板件3的表面缺陷和变形不再是封接件的粘合的约束，所述封接件在每个位置与板件的表面接触。封接件呈现板件的表面的形状，并且粘合层121在所有点上均起作用。补偿室中的压力被维持封接件102和板件3之间的粘合剂有效地起作用所需的时间。
一旦封接件102通过粘合剂121粘合到板件3上，则由柔性材料制成的元件106可以沿着图5c中箭头所指的方向从板件3移除。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于将封接件(2，102)施加到板件(3)上的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-提供至少包括由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件(5，105)和由柔性材料制成的支撑元件(6，106)的工具(4，104)，由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件包括凹部(11，111)，由柔性材料制成的支撑元件包括第一表面(7a)和与所述第一表面(7a)相对的第二表面(17)，由柔性材料制成的支撑元件(6，106)被至少部分地布置在所述凹部(11，111)中，所述由柔性材料制成的支撑元件的下部能够在所述凹部中于所述凹部的两个壁之间滑动，
-提供用于在所述凹部的补偿室中施加压力的装置，所述补偿室至少部分地由所述由柔性材料制成的支撑元件的第二表面限定，
-在所述板件(3)的一部分上限定感兴趣的边缘，所述封接件(2，102)用于被施加到所述感兴趣的边缘上，
-将所述板件(3)安置在所述工具(4，104)上，使得所述感兴趣的边缘至少搁置在由柔性材料制成的支撑元件(6，106)的所述第一表面(7a)上，
-将所述工具(4，104)上的所述板件保持在预定的参考位置，
-将所述封接件(2，102)施加到所述感兴趣的边缘上，
-将所述板件(3)及所施加的封接件(2，102)从所述工具(4，104)移除，
其特征在于，
由柔性材料制成的支撑元件(6，106)能够在所述凹部(11，111)中滑动，并且
在施加封接件(2，102)期间，压力通过用于施加压力的装置而在所述补偿室中被施加在第二表面上，使得由柔性材料制成的支撑元件(6，106)沿着所述板件的方向向上滑动并压靠所述板件(3)；
其中，所述封接件通过利用沿着所述感兴趣的边缘移动的涂敷器施加可硬化的合成物而产生，或
所述封接件被插入设置在由柔性材料制成的支撑元件中的凹部(108)中，所述封接件沿着一侧设置有粘合物质(121)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，施加的所述压力至少等于0.5巴。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，含有聚氨酯的反应混合物作为可硬化的合成物被施加，所述含有聚氨酯的反应混合物被配制成产生含有聚氨酯并且具有大于400kg/m3的密度的弹性体材料。
4.根据权利要求1至2中的一项所述的方法，其特征在于，至少在由柔性材料制成的支撑元件(6，106)的其上搁置有所述板件的表面上使用具有小于90的邵氏A硬度的弹性材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述板件具有形状缺陷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述由坚硬材料制成的支撑元件包括将所述补偿室连接到用于施加压力的装置的管道。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，用于施加压力的装置包括泵，所述泵使得能够将流体注入到所述补偿室中和从所述补偿室中抽取流体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，感兴趣的边缘是所述板件的外周边缘表面的一部分。
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