CN1069832A

CN1069832A - High-energy chemical battery

Info

Publication number: CN1069832A
Application number: CN 91105863
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈远鸿; 张九愚; 陈云波
Original assignee: 陈远鸿
Priority date: 1991-08-18
Filing date: 1991-08-18
Publication date: 1993-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2006-08-18
Also published as: CN1040484C

Abstract

A kind of high-energy chemical battery under the condition that does not increase volume, has improved the performance of battery.In the structure of three cylinders just very, positive pole is that cross section is leg-of-mutton three cylinder body shapes, and negative pole is the sheet bulk that matches with this positive pole, and its positive and negative electrode plate grating is the skeleton that checker is arranged.In cylindrical structure, positive pole is to be made of an independent cylinder grid, and negative pole is the sheet bulk around an anodal week, and its positive and negative electrode plate grating is the skeleton that checker is arranged.In the positive/negative plate side is in the structure of wavy male and fomale(M﹠F), and its grid is the skeleton of the imperforate checker of pit, and application active material in the pit, the wavy male and fomale(M﹠F) of positive/negative plate coincide relatively and form this chemical cell overall structure.

Description

High-energy chemical battery

The present invention relates to a kind of chemical cell, more precisely, relate to a kind of structure or shape high-energy chemical battery of improving its performance by improving its positive and negative electrode plate grating.

The electrolyte and the dividing plate of the general main q.s that is reacted by positive/negative plate that contains active material and active material of chemical cell constitute.Anodal arrange relative with negative pole makes it spaced apart each other with dividing plate etc.During discharge, active material and electrolyte carry out electrochemical reaction, and the capacity that battery discharge can access in activated species one regularly, depends on content of active substance and utilance thereof.

At present, at chemical cell for example in the lead accumulator, the main pole plate that uses is two kinds of paste spread type and filament tubular types.In paste spread type positive/negative plate structure, because it is few that its grid can carry active material, the electric current that can conduct is little and active material utilization is not high, make this battery have the shortcoming that capacity is little, the life-span short and the use of big electric current is bad, for example with the present best non-maintaining hermetic lead accumulator of the square bodily form (paste spread type positive/negative plate structure), its capacity ratio is 60W.h/L.And for the battery of paste spread type negative plate, tubular type said positive-pole plate structure, because its positive plate rib (lead for retractable pencil) can carry active material and increase relatively, utilance improves relatively, so capacity increases, for example at present best square bodily form traction is 75W.h/L with the volume and capacity ratio of fixed acid-proof tube type storage battery.Again since rib increase relatively slightly, so make the electric current that can conduct also increase.But because the rib (lead for retractable pencil) of tubular type positive plate is a cylinder tubulose, it makes active material inhomogeneous to CURRENT DISTRIBUTION, and its enabling capabilities is also poor, so this kind structure battery anti-seismic performance is relative low with the charging conversion efficiency.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly the shortcoming that will overcome above-mentioned chemical cell, and a kind of device that improves its performance by the structure or the shape of improvement chemical cell positive and negative electrode plate grating is provided.

According to chemical cell device of the present invention, for example lead accumulator is the same with the conventional chemical battery for its part and operation principle, it is characterized in that it is leg-of-mutton three cylinder body shapes that the positive pole of battery is made its cross section, interior application active material (lead powder), need not add the sleeve pipe such as terylene one class, its grid is the skeleton with the checker that is used to support active material and conduction current; And negative pole is made the sheet bulk that matches with this positive pole, and this positive pole side is surrounded by barrier film, and the negative plate piece surrounds barrier film.Each face of anodal side can both produce electrochemical reaction with negative pole.

According to chemical cell of the present invention, it is characterized in that the anodal independent cylindrical structure that adopts, interior application active material (lead powder) need not add the sleeve pipe such as terylene one class, and negative pole is the sheet bulk around this one week of positive pole, wherein the positive and negative electrode grid is the skeleton that checker is arranged, and positive and negative electrode separately changes into dummy electrode respectively, after positive electrode changes into, dries stand-by, and negative electrode cleans up after changing at once, and for example surrounds the assembling of dividing plate immediately.

According to chemical cell of the present invention, it is characterized in that: it is the skeleton of the checker of not boring a hole of wavy male and fomale(M﹠F) that plate railings of anode and cathode all adopts the side, application active material in the pit, need not add sleeve pipe such as terylene one class, the integral body of described chemical cell is the identical relatively of the wavy male and fomale(M﹠F) of positive and negative electrode plate, outermost negative plate simultaneously is the plane, and another side is wavy male and fomale(M﹠F).

According to chemical cell of the present invention, under the condition that does not increase the battery volume, increased the capacity of battery, and improved all other performance index of battery.Specifically, compare with similar battery, battery capacity improves about 20%-100%, is 100W.h/L according to its volumetric specific energy of lead accumulator of the present invention for example, and cycle life prolongs about 2-5 doubly, and high current charge-discharge improves 50%-200%.And charging and discharging curve is steady, has improved the shock resistance of battery simultaneously.Owing to can in existing Battery Plant, not increase any new equipment even implemented more simply and easily, thereby improved the value of existing equipment, improved product percent of pass, reduced cost according to chemical cell of the present invention.

The present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with embodiments of the invention below with reference to accompanying drawing, above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and advantage will can deepen to understand from following explanation.In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 a is first embodiment of the present invention side's bodily form lead-acid battery of accumulator structural representation perspective view, and its positive electrode is that cross section is leg-of-mutton cylinder;

Fig. 1 b is the perspective view of positive and negative electrodes structural representation shown in Fig. 1 a;

Fig. 2 a is the perspective schematic view of the cylindrical cell structure of the second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 b is the structural representation perspective view of the cylinder positive pole of battery shown in Fig. 2 a;

Fig. 3 a is the anode plate grid perspective schematic view of a kind of new grid structure lead accumulator of the third embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 b, 3c are the perspective schematic view of negative electrode grid of the new grid structure lead accumulator of third embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 d is the schematically showing of ordering of plate railings of anode and cathode shown in Fig. 3 a, 3b, the 3c.

Fig. 4 a, 4b are respectively the discharge and the charging characteristic curves of battery of the present invention shown in Fig. 2 a.

Fig. 1 a is the structural representation of first embodiment of the invention side's bodily form lead-acid battery of accumulator.It contains positive and negative electrode exit, sealing compound, vent plug, battery cover and battery case, and these parts and prior art same or similar no longer is illustrated at this.Present embodiment is characterised in that shown in Fig. 1 b, anodal 104 for the cross section is leg-of-mutton cylinder, and interior application active material (lead powder) need not add the sleeve pipe such as terylene one class.Its grid is the skeleton with checker, and anodal side has three to participate in electrochemical reaction, and draws bus on the positive pole 104 thus, can and connect into positive bus each other and becomes anodal exit 101.It is the triangle cylinder that negative pole 105 becomes the cross section by a tabular pole plate respective curved, and its grid is the skeleton that checker is arranged, and draws bus on the negative pole 105 thus, each other and connect into negative bus-bar and form the negative pole exit 102 be positioned at the one side.Label 103 is represented barrier film.As mentioned above, this positive and negative electrode is formed by trihedral shape textural association, it seems firmly and withstand shock and vibrations than the two sides body structure of square body battery in the prior art, three internal resistances than two sides participation electrochemical reaction also reduce, grid skeleton rib can suitably increase volume in addition, and high current charge-discharge takes a turn for the better thereupon to some extent, in addition, its structure can allow its increase to contain the capacity of active material, so battery capacity also increases and the life-span prolongs thereupon.

In addition, under equal volume, three cylinders are than tetrahedron is big with the electric pole plate battery capacity, internal resistance is little, active material utilization is higher, and have higher charge and discharge energy conversion efficiency and thermolysis preferably.

Fig. 2 a is the structural representation of the cylindrical cell of the second embodiment of the present invention.Its anode plate grid is cast independent cylinder, and interior application active material (lead powder) need not add the sleeve pipe such as terylene one class.Negative pole is the sheet bulk around this one week of positive pole.Wherein the positive and negative electrode grid is the skeleton of checker.

Positive and negative electrode is respectively separately to change into dummy electrode, after positive pole changes into, dries stand-byly, and after negative electrode changes into, cleans up, and surrounds the assembling of dividing plate immediately, to avoid because of the drying fracture at once.

The chemical cell of this structure is compared with the takeup type cylindrical cell that positive and negative pole plate of the employing of prior art and barrier film are wound into mutually, under equal volume, owing to reduce barrier film, can increase active material (lead powder) relatively, and capacity increases thereupon.Its electrode plate grid also electrode plate grid than former coiled battery is much thick, and the active material that is supported (lead powder) is more firm.Therefore, big electric current uses more excellent, and the life-span prolongs, and corrosion-resistant, vibration resistance, good heat dispersion performance.

Fig. 3 a, 3b and 3c are the positive pole of lead accumulator of a kind of new grid structure of third embodiment of the invention and the schematic diagram of negative electrode grid.Wherein the positive and negative electrode grid is respectively the skeleton of the imperforate checker of pit cast in block, and application active material (lead powder) in the pit need not add the sleeve pipe such as terylene one class.Fig. 3 a is an anode plate grid; Fig. 3 b, 3c are negative electrode grids.Fig. 3 d illustrates the ordering of plate railings of anode and cathode shown in Fig. 3 a, 3b and the 3c; wherein negative electrode grid shown in Fig. 3 b is to come the battery outermost layer; make formed battery increase the protective effect of one deck " shell " like this, improved conduction current and heat radiation and abilities such as shock-resistant and vibration resistance thus.In addition, the positive/negative plate side is the identical relatively of wavy male and fomale(M﹠F), and the such male and fomale(M﹠F) always area than plane participation chemical reaction is big, causes internal resistance minimizing and active material utilization to improve, and physical structure is more firm, has therefore improved shock-resistant and ability vibration resistance.

Fig. 4 a is the discharge characteristic curve of the embodiment of the invention when room temperature (25 ℃), and a, b, c, d, e, f are discharge rate, and wherein a is 6C(A), b is 3C(A), c is 1C(A), d is 0.6c(A), e is 0.27(A), f is 0.1c(A), A is an ampere.

Fig. 4 b is the charging indicatrix of the constant-current constant-voltage of above-mentioned battery when room temperature (25 ℃), and wherein k is charge volume (with the discharge capacity contrast), and l is a terminal voltage, and m is charging current (0.1C leads).

From Fig. 4 a, 4b as can be seen, increase according to its charge-discharge performance of chemical cell of the present invention.

The above embodiment of the present invention for a person skilled in the art, can have various improvement and change only for purposes of illustration under the condition of appended claims scope.

Claims

1, a kind of high-energy chemical battery that mainly constitutes by the positive and negative electrode that contains active material, it is characterized in that: this positive and negative electrodes grid is the skeleton of checker, its anodal cylinder body shape that adopts, interior application active material, and the sheet bulk of negative pole for matching with this positive pole.

2, high-energy chemical battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described positive pole is that the cross section is leg-of-mutton three cylinder body shapes.

3, high-energy chemical battery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described positive pole is independent cylindrical structure, and negative pole is the sheet bulk around this one week of positive pole.

4, a kind of high-energy chemical battery that mainly constitutes by the positive and negative electrode that contains active material, it is characterized in that: it is the skeleton of the checker of not boring a hole of wavy male and fomale(M﹠F) that plate railings of anode and cathode all adopts the side, application active material in the pit, need not add sleeve pipe, the integral body of described chemical cell is the identical relatively of the wavy male and fomale(M﹠F) of positive and negative electrode plate, outermost negative plate simultaneously is the plane, and another side is wavy male and fomale(M﹠F).