CN106978352B - 一株果源产香真菌 - Google Patents

一株果源产香真菌 Download PDF

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CN106978352B
CN106978352B CN201710112797.8A CN201710112797A CN106978352B CN 106978352 B CN106978352 B CN 106978352B CN 201710112797 A CN201710112797 A CN 201710112797A CN 106978352 B CN106978352 B CN 106978352B
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黄琼
张志超
孙跃先
宋红
徐可成
张彧
李雪
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Abstract

本发明公开了一株果源产香真菌,所述果源产香真菌为中国典型微生物菌种,其保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号CCTCC NO:M2016710,所述果源产香真菌由本发明人员从苹果的发病果实部位分离得到,为具有浓郁水果香味的真菌,菌株编号为PP1‑1苹果。本发明提出的一株果源产香真菌,系一株甘薯长喙壳真菌,Genebank注册号:KY440175,其产生的香气代谢产物中,乙酸乙酯具有类似于果香和酒香的味道,乙酸异丁酯有水果味道;苯乙烯、对二甲苯、乙苯具有类似于玫瑰香的味道,安息香醛是高价香料,该菌的发现为替代植物原料生产香精香料提供了一种新的微生物资源。

Description

一株果源产香真菌
技术领域
本发明涉及真菌技术领域,尤其涉及一株果源产香真菌。
背景技术
自1923年首次对微生物产香进行报道以来(Omelianski V.L.1923),微生物产香技术的应用得到了快速发展,如酿酒酵母菌可以分解小麦使之产生酒香;利用甘蔗渣培养黑曲霉提高柠檬酸产量(A.Sharan et al 2015;Kumar D.et al 2003);曲霉分解大豆中的蛋白质,产生各种类型的氨基酸,形成特定香气风味的酱油(K.J.Hong et al 2004),用脂肪酶催化己酸与乙醇反应,产生的己酸乙酯用于勾兑白酒、调配香精,在香味的协调性,使用的安全性上都优于化学合成的己酸乙酯(魏纪平等2003)。甘薯长喙壳菌是一种自身能产生各种水果香气的真菌(Pierre Christen et al 1994),国外有报道甘薯长喙壳在不同的液体培养基上产生香气味道不同(香蕉、苹果、菠萝、梨、坚果)且香气浓度有差异(PierreChristen et al 1994)。随着研究深入,人们开始尝试用工业废渣作为培养真菌的基质,例如咖啡壳等工业废料可被用作甘薯长喙壳的固态发酵基质(A.B.P.Medeiros et al2006)。本发明对一株产浓郁水果香味的甘薯长喙壳真菌进行了形态和分子鉴定,并利用GC-MS联用技术鉴定其挥发性物质组成。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点,而提出的一株果源产香真菌。
一株果源产香真菌,所述果源产香真菌为中国典型微生物菌种,其保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,其保藏号为:CCTCC NO:M2016710;保藏日期为:2016年12月1日;保藏单位名称为:中国典型培养物保藏中心;保藏地址为:中国武汉武汉大学;分类命名为:甘薯长喙壳PP1-1苹果Geratocystis fimbriata PP1-1苹果,所述果源产香真菌由本发明人员从苹果的发病果实部位分离得到,为具有浓郁水果香味的菌株,菌株编号为Geratocystisfimbriata PP1-1苹果。
优选的,所述果源产香真菌经形态学鉴定为甘薯长喙壳菌,其子囊壳黑色,约130-300um,具有一个长喙450-800um;成串粘稠的子囊孢子从长喙的顶端溢出呈卷状盘绕,子囊孢子小而透明,帽形,长约3.8-5um,宽2.3-4um;分生孢子圆形,透明,暗绿色,通常10个或10个以上这样的分生孢子连成链状,单个分生孢子长8-17um,宽6-15um;厚垣孢子球形或椭圆形,深绿褐色,直径8-20um。
优选的,所述果源产香真菌挥发性物质组成包括:乙酸乙酯含量27.00;乙酸异丁酯含量18.85;苯乙烯含量15.64;对二甲苯含量13.37;苯甲醛含量2.17;乙苯含量1.84;乙酸正丙酯含量1.70;萘丁美酮含量1.05。
本发明提出的一株果源产香真菌,其由本发明人员从苹果的发病果实部位分离得到,系一株甘薯长喙壳真菌,其自身生长过程中会产生具有香气的代谢产物,在PSA培养基上第3天开始产香,10天左右香气浓度达到最大,产生的香气的代谢产物包括乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、苯乙烯、对二甲苯、苯甲醛、乙苯、乙酸正丙酯、萘丁美酮、萘普酮、4-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)丁-2-酮,乙酸乙酯与乙酸异丁酯二者之和占挥发性物质总量54.70;其中乙酸乙酯具有类似于果香和酒香的味道,乙酸异丁酯有水果味道;苯乙烯、对二甲苯、乙苯具有类似于玫瑰香的味道,安息香醛是高价香料。
附图说明
图1为菌株PP1-1苹果菌落形态图;
图2为菌株PP1-1苹果总离子流色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步解说。
实施例一
本发明提出的一株果源产香真菌,即菌株编号为PP1-1苹果;
菌株PP1-1苹果的培养条件为:将菌株PP1-1苹果接种在PSA培养基上并于25℃恒温培养;其中,PSA培养基配方为:马铃薯200g、琼脂粉17g、蔗糖20g和水1000ml。
实施例二
本发明提出的一株果源产香真菌,即菌株编号为PP1-1苹果;
菌株PP1-1苹果的形态学鉴定实验为:将菌株PP1-1苹果接种在PSA培养基上并于25℃恒温培养11d,在玻片上滴入1%的乳酚油棉兰,光学显微镜观察子囊孢子外面是否有胶质鞘,有胶质鞘的子囊孢子遇到乳酚油棉兰后,子囊孢子变为黑色,胶质鞘仍为无色;
果源产香真菌的形态学鉴定实验结果为:子囊壳黑色,约130-300um,具有一个长喙450-800um;成串粘稠的子囊孢子从长喙的顶端溢出呈卷状盘绕,子囊孢子小而透明,帽形,长约3.8-5um,宽2.3-4um;分生孢子圆形,透明,暗绿色,通常10个或10个以上这样的分生孢子连成链状,单个分生孢子长8-17um,宽6-15um;厚垣孢子球形或椭圆形,深绿褐色,直径8-20um;经形态学鉴定为甘薯长喙壳菌。
实施例三
本发明提出的一株果源产香真菌,即菌株编号为PP1-1苹果;
菌株PP1-1苹果的分子鉴定实验,包括以下步骤:
S1、病原菌DNA的提取:
基因组DNA提取采用chelex-100法快速提取真菌DNA,并置于-20℃冰箱保存备用;
S2、核糖体rDNA-ITS区段扩增:以病菌基因组rDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,引物由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成,扩增循环反应条件为:94℃预变性95s;94℃变性35s,52℃退火60s,72℃延伸60s;35个循环;最终72℃延伸15min,4℃保存;ITS-PCR扩增反应在25μL反应体系中进行(见下表):
引物:ITS1F 5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′
ITS4 5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′
Figure GDA0001296686320000041
Figure GDA0001296686320000051
S3、取2μL PCR扩增产物和3μL核酸染料混合,于1.2的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳检测,电泳缓冲液为0.5x TBE,在120V电压下进行45min,置于UPV紫外成像系统上观察成像,并拍照;
S4、PCR产物测序和序列分析:将PCR扩增产物送华大基因公司进行正反双向测序,测序结果在GenBank(http://www.ncbi.nih.gov)中进行BLAST比对分析。
rDNA-ITS产物测序结果:基因转录间隔区引物对(ITS1F和ITS4)扩增到600bp左右的基因转录间隔区及核糖体RNA基因片段,由北京三博远志生物技术有限公司对rDNA–ITS扩增产物进行了双向测序。结果在NCBI上进行对比,结果表明所扩增的片段与GenBank中已发表的甘薯长喙壳基因AF453438、AF453439、AF453439的同源性达到了100,Genebank注册号:KY440175。从分子水平证明该真菌就是甘薯长喙壳菌。
实施例四
本发明提出的一株果源产香真菌,即菌株编号为PP1-1苹果;
菌株PP1-1苹果的香气成分提取实验为:将培养基切碎,装入固相微萃取瓶中;将平衡后的DVB/CAR/PDMS固相微萃取头插入萃取瓶中,压下活塞使纤维头伸出,暴露于样品上层空气中,40℃条件下固相微萃取1小时。
菌株PP1-1苹果的挥发性物质GC-MS分析条件为:色谱条件:色谱柱为DB-wax石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),程序升温,柱初温40℃,保持5min,以5℃的升温速率升至200℃,再以10℃的升温速率升至240℃,保持5min;载气为高纯氦气,流速1.0mL/min;进样模式为分流进样,分流比为10:1;质谱条件:EI离子源,电子能量70eV,扫描范围33-350amu。
果源产香真菌挥发性物质GC-MS分析结果为:果源产香真菌在PSA培养基上第3天开始产香,10天左右香气浓度达到最大;利用GC-MS技术,从该菌挥发性成分中鉴定出9种已知化合物,分别为乙酸乙酯(Ethyl Acetate C4H8O2)含量27.00;乙酸异丁酯(Isobutylacetate C6H12O2)含量18.85;苯乙烯(Styrene C8H8)含量15.64;对二甲苯(p-XyleneC8H10)含量13.37;苯甲醛(安息香醛Benzaldehyde C7H6O)含量2.17;乙苯(EthylbenzeneC8H10)含量1.84;乙酸正丙酯(n-Propyl acetate C5H10O2)含量1.70;萘丁美酮;萘普酮;4-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)丁-2-酮(C15H16O2)含量1.05。具体定性分析结果如下:(见表1)
表1:定性分析结果
Figure GDA0001296686320000061
Figure GDA0001296686320000071
表2:菌株PP1-1苹果香气成分表
Figure GDA0001296686320000072
Figure GDA0001296686320000081
由上可知,乙酸乙酯(Ethyl Acetate)与乙酸异丁酯(Isobutyl acetate)二者之和占挥发性物质总量54.70;其中乙酸乙酯具有类似于果香和酒香的味道,乙酸异丁酯有水果味道;苯乙烯、对二甲苯、乙苯具有类似于玫瑰香的味道,安息香醛是高价香料。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一株果源产香真菌,其特征在于,所述果源产香真菌为中国典型微生物菌种,其保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏 编号CCTCC NO:M2016710,所述果源产香真菌从苹果的发病果实部位分离得到,为具有浓郁水果香味的菌株,菌株编号为PP1-1苹果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一株果源产香真菌,其特征在于,所述果源产香真菌挥发性物质组成包括:乙酸乙酯含量27.00%;乙酸异丁酯含量18.85%;苯乙烯含量15.64%;对二甲苯含量13.37%;苯甲醛含量2.17%;乙苯含量1.84%;乙酸正丙酯含量1.70%;萘丁美酮含量1.05%。
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