CN106965421A - A kind of 3 D-printing method - Google Patents
A kind of 3 D-printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106965421A CN106965421A CN201710297915.7A CN201710297915A CN106965421A CN 106965421 A CN106965421 A CN 106965421A CN 201710297915 A CN201710297915 A CN 201710297915A CN 106965421 A CN106965421 A CN 106965421A
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 238
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 197
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 36
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 36
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 3 D-printing method, its main process is：Fused raw material is placed into shaping area used in 3 D-printing equipment, fused raw material is accumulated in shaping area and is changed into type-script, fused raw material is accumulated on the basis of type-script, until the forming objects to be printed；It is characterized in that：During accumulation fused raw material, by electromagnetic induction heating mode by type-script will the position of accumulation fused raw material melt or soften, and/or the position of the accumulation fused raw material of type-script is melted or softened.Beneficial effects of the present invention：The inter-layer bonding force of type-script is high, and the structural strength of type-script is high；Dismountable complementary supporter can be synchronously produced, to realize the printing of labyrinth；Device structure is simple；Printable large component；Suitable material species is more, and the 3 D-printing of the conductive materials such as metal, cermet, the plastics of mixed metal powder can be achieved；It is with low cost.The present invention has substantial advance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to three-dimensional printing technology, more particularly, to a kind of 3 D-printing method based on electromagnetic induction heating,
Belong to increases material manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Three-dimensional printing technology earliest originate from 19 end of the centurys the U.S., after the seventies and eighties in 20th century Japan and
Improve and be commercialized in the U.S..Now common main flow three-dimensional printing technology, such as stereolithography apparatus method (Stereo
Lithography Apparatus, SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM), selectivity
Laser sintered (Selecting Laser Sintering, SLS), three-dimensional powder bonding (Three Dimensional
Printing and Gluing, 3DP), it is commercialized in the 80s and 90s in 20th century in the U.S..It is commercialized at present
For the technology of metal material 3 D-printing, mainly have selective laser melting process (Selective Laser Melting,
SLM), electron beam melting technology (Electron Beam Melting, EBM) and laser near-net-shape (Laser Engineered
Net Shaping, LENS), but SLM, EBM and LENS technology also have many shortcomings, for example：Manufacturing cost is high, maintenance cost
Part machinery intensity that is high, printing is not high (needing to carry out enhancing processing after printing, especially SLS/SLM technologies), SLM
Print size with EBM technologies is small, although LENS technology print sizes are larger can not to print labyrinth and printing precision
It is low.In order to improve the mechanical property for the metal parts that above-mentioned technology printing is produced, many technologies, such as Application No. are have also appeared
201410289871.X, entitled " a kind of processing method for improving 3D printing metalwork performance " Chinese patent application.For
The shortcoming of above-mentioned SLM, EBM and LENS technology, also occurs in that the inexpensive metal 3 D-printing for much using other forming methods
Technology, such as Application No. 201510789205.7, a kind of entitled " side that 3D printing manufacture is directly carried out using liquid metal
The Chinese patent application of method and device ", Application No. 201510679764.2, a kind of entitled " metal 3D printing rapid shaping
The Chinese patent application of equipment ", and for example Application No. 201410206527.X, entitled " extruded type metal stream 3D printer "
Chinese patent application, but these technologies have that formed precision is low or inter-layer bonding force of metal parts of printing shaping is low asks
Topic.Also there is a metal 3 D-printing method based on electric arc heated principle, for example Application No. 201410617953.2, entitled
The Chinese patent application of " hardware electric smelting manufacturing process ", although cost is low, but there are shortcomings, for example：Formed precision
Extremely low, electric arc can produce destruction to the structure being previously molded, and the poor controllability of electric arc, electric arc is difficult to focus on and is miniaturized, it is impossible to
Manufacture complexity and fine structure.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of 3 D-printing method based on electromagnetic inductive heating principle, the layer of type-script
Between realized and connect with melting, and then obtain high structural strength.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of 3 D-printing method of the inter-layer bonding force of adjustable type-script,
The region of low inter-layer bonding force can be used as complementary supporter, to realize the printing of labyrinth.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of 3 D-printing of usable conductive material as printing raw material
Method, especially metal material 3 D-printing method.
In order to realize above-mentioned goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of 3 D-printing method, its is main
Process is：Fused raw material is placed into shaping area used in 3 D-printing equipment, fused raw material is accumulated and changed in shaping area
For type-script, fused raw material is accumulated on the basis of type-script, until the forming objects to be printed；Wherein：In accumulation melting
During raw material, the position that fused raw material is placed by the object to be printed shape and structures shape, in other words
Determined by the computer model data corresponding with the object to be printed；It is molded used in described 3 D-printing equipment
Area, refers to 3 D-printing equipment used space in printing objects；Fused raw material is accumulated and because temperature in shaping area
Reduce and be changed into type-script；
It is characterized in that：
During accumulation fused raw material, by electromagnetic induction heating mode by type-script will accumulation fused raw material
Position fusing or soften, and/or the position of the accumulation fused raw material of type-script is melted or softened.
Alternatively：The position fusing of the above-mentioned accumulation fused raw material by type-script, it is possible to achieve that newly accumulates is molten
Melting the connection of the melting between raw material and type-script, (type-script is by the fused raw material of prior cumulative because temperature is reduced and is changed into solid
State and formed), so that realize high intensity interlayer connection.
Alternatively：Used induced field, the effect of its sensing heating when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script
Range-controlled and/or induced field are controlled to the heating intensity of type-script.
Alternatively：The sphere of action of above-mentioned sensing heating includes active area, magnetic field the heating region on type-script
Shape etc..The heating intensity of induced field is determined by parameters such as magnetic field intensity, heating duration, field frequencies.
Alternatively：The used induced field when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script, its heating to type-script
The area in region and/or the state of shape are adjustable.The state of shape mainly includes shape type, the direction of shape, shape
Layout, the dynamic change of shape.
Alternatively：Described fused raw material, which is heated solid feed by using the mode of electromagnetic induction heating, to be melted and obtains
.
Alternatively：The above-mentioned mode by using electromagnetic induction heating, which heats solid feed, to melt and obtains melting original
Material, its producing method：Solid feed is when across or through electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field, and electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is former in solid-state
Induct on material and be vortexed and solid feed is heated and melted；
Or, electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is inducted on solid feed eddy-current heating and to be in contact with solid feed
Induct in structure and eddy-current heating and heat is conducted to solid feed, jointly melt solid feed；
Or, electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is inducted in the structure being in contact with solid feed eddy-current heating and to be passed heat
Lead to solid feed and to melt solid feed.
Alternatively：The above-mentioned mode by using electromagnetic induction heating heats solid feed the melting melted and obtained
Raw material, during accumulation fused raw material on the basis of type-script, fused raw material with type-script in addition to contacting, not with it
Its any form touch, or in addition to being contacted with type-script, solid feed, not with other any form touch.
Alternatively：The above-mentioned mode by using electromagnetic induction heating, which heats solid feed, to melt and obtains melting original
Material, described solid feed is wire solid feed, is either powdered solid feed or is bar-shaped solid feed, or
For granulated solid raw material.
Alternatively：
Solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material and heating type-script is made
Electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is produced by same field generator for magnetic；
Or, solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material and heating type-script
Used electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is produced respectively by different field generator for magnetic；
Or, solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material and heating type-script
Used electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is same magnetic field；
Or, solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material and heating type-script
Used electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is magnetic field independent mutually.
Alternatively：Described solid feed is during electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is entered, and its mobile route is by drawing
Lead device guiding.
Alternatively：Described fused raw material is obtained by heating solid feed, and used mode of heating at least includes
Resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, electric arc heated, plasma heating, laser heating, electron beam heating, microwave heating are central
One kind.These mode of heatings are directly heated to solid feed, and/or pair structure contacted with solid feed or medium are added
Then heat transfer heat to solid feed (i.e. indirectly heat) by way of heat transfer.
Alternatively：Described fused raw material is obtained by heating solid feed, and used mode of heating at least includes
Resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, electric arc heated, plasma heating, laser heating, electron beam heating, microwave heating are central
One kind.When using two of which or two or more mode of heatings, changeable different heating mode, for example：In some feelings
Resistance heating manner is used under condition, in some cases using electromagnetic induction heating mode.
Alternatively：Described is melted type-script or softening by electromagnetic induction heating mode, is the surface to type-script
Carry out heating fusing or softening.
Alternatively：
In part print area, the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field that heat effect is produced to type-script is closed, so that the region
Type-script not by electromagnetic induction heating melt or soften；
Or, in part print area, adjust the effect in the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field that heat effect is produced to type-script
The state of area and/or shape, so that the type-script in the region is not melted or softened by electromagnetic induction heating；And/or in part
Print area, reduces heating intensity of the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field to type-script that heat effect is produced to type-script, so that should
The type-script in region is not melted or softened by electromagnetic induction heating；
The state of described shape mainly includes shape type, the direction of shape, layout/distribution mode, the shape of shape
Dynamic change；
Described part print area, refers to fused raw material and the type-script sky to be occupied during printing objects
Between among a part.Described part print area, it is understood that be：The object to be printed is mapped to 3 D-printing
A part formed by shaping area used in equipment among mapping space.Described part print area, can also be managed
Xie Wei：The space that the object to be printed will be occupied in future is marked off in advance to be come, and formation is with the object to be printed in mapping
The dummy object of relation, the dummy object is progressively transformed into the real-world object of final printing shaping, is transformed into by dummy object
The process of real-world object is exactly the process of 3 D-printing shaping；The dummy object is divided into multiple regions, part area therein
Domain is exactly described part print area.
Alternatively：By controlling heating intensity of the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field on type-script, with control type-script with
The molten state in the region that fused raw material is in contact, and then control the connected mode between type-script and fused raw material.Described
Molten state includes the states such as fusing, non-fusible, semi-molten, softening.Described connected mode can be divided into melting connection, non-melt
Connect two big types.When the region being in contact with fused raw material of type-script is molten state, fused raw material and type-script it
Between with regard to realize merged in the way of melting connection so that realize high intensity connection (print metal material in the case of,
It is referred to as realizing that metallurgical grade is connected).When type-script the region being in contact with fused raw material be non-fusible state when, fused raw material with
Just it is attached between type-script in the way of non-melt is connected, and the regional temperature being in contact with fused raw material of type-script is got over
Bonding strength low, between the two is lower.With non-melt connected mode accumulation fused raw material/voxel (i.e. three-dimensional image vegetarian refreshments)
The structural strength of the print area of generation is relatively low, so as to regard the relatively low print area of structural strength as dismountable auxiliary
Property support/support, to realize the 3 D-printing of labyrinth.
Alternatively：During accumulation fused raw material, electrical connection is set up between type-script and fused raw material.
Alternatively：During accumulation fused raw material, apply electric current between fused raw material and type-script.It is former in melting
Apply electric current between material and type-script, many benefits can be obtained, for example：Fused raw material, type-script can be adjusted by electric current
The temperature at the position being in contact with fused raw material, can also be realized between fused raw material and type-script by monitoring current
Contact condition is monitored.
Alternatively：Electrical connection is set up between type-script and fused raw material, by judging electrical connection between the two
State judges contact condition between the two.For example judge whether occur by resistance value or capacitance between the two
Contact and the degree of contact, change the accumulation position of fused raw material, thus really on the premise of ensuring that both come in contact
Protect effective accumulation of each voxel (i.e. pixel) during three-dimensionally shaped.
Alternatively：Electrical connection is set up between type-script and solid feed, is applied between type-script and solid feed
Electric current, is melted solid feed by way of resistance heating/resistance heating, or passes through resistance heating/resistance heating and electricity
Magnetic induction heating jointly melts solid feed.For example：Using wire (wire solid feed), in fused raw material and type-script
Realized and connected by fused raw material after coming in contact, between wire and type-script, can set up between wire and type-script
Electrical connection.In another example：Using wire, directly wire is contacted with type-script, can be built between wire and type-script
Vertical electrical connection；The resistance of wire and type-script contact site is larger, and the larger region of resistance obtains larger partial pressure, partial pressure compared with
The caloric value in big region is larger, and temperature more high resistance is bigger, and the position contacted with type-script for ultimately resulting in wire is melt
Change.
Alternatively：Electrical connection is set up between type-script and fused raw material and/or solid feed, i.e.,：Type-script with
Electrical connection, and/or the foundation electrical connection between type-script and solid feed are set up between fused raw material.
Alternatively：The used induced field when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script, its induced field is filled
The location status and/or configuration state put can be conditioned.Location status refer mainly to the location of induced field generating means and
Due to change in location caused by the motion modes such as movement, rotation, upper lift, decline, swing, vibration.Configuration state refers mainly to sensing
Shape, structure composition, the combination of structure and the change of field generator for magnetic.
Alternatively：The used induced field when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script, its induced field is filled
The working condition put can be conditioned.The working condition of induced field generating means refer mainly to the work of device or do not work, device
Mode of operation and pattern switching, export the intensity of energy, export the frequency of energy, structure, composition, difference in functionality component and open
With with closing, the rotation of difference in functionality component, in terms of.
Alternatively：Shaping area used in described 3 D-printing equipment, its temperature is adjustable, that is, the temperature for being molded environment can
Adjust.The temperature of environment can be molded by adjusting, the regulation to the state of type-script is obtained, for example：By lifting shaping environment
Temperature, with the stress that reduces inside type-script, (such as 3 D-printing titanium part, can eliminate zero in 900 DEG C of environment
Most stress inside part), and the environment temperature needed for the printing of different materials is different.
Alternatively：During accumulation fused raw material, overall heating, and temperature are carried out to the type-script of printing shaping
It is adjustable.For example：By lifting the temperature of type-script, to reduce the stress inside type-script (for example：In the mistake of accumulation fused raw material
Cheng Zhong, the titanium part that type-script is integrally maintained to 900 DEG C and produced, the overwhelming majority that can eliminate inside parts should
Power), and the heating-up temperature needed for the printing of different materials is different.
Alternatively：Described is melted type-script or softening by electromagnetic induction heating mode, produces electromagnetic induction heating
The magnetic field of effect is produced by induction coil.
Alternatively：The distance of above-mentioned induction coil and type-script surface is adjusted, or the electric current of induction coil is flowed through in regulation
Intensity, either regulation flows through the break-make frequency of the electric current of induction coil or adjusts the oscillation frequency for the electric current for flowing through induction coil
Rate, to realize that the intensity to magnetic field in the heat effect on type-script surface is adjusted.
Alternatively：The energization area of above-mentioned induction coil can adjust.For example：Induction coil is made up of different sections, can
Control some sections have electric current by and some sections do not have electric current to pass through.
Alternatively：After fused raw material is accumulated on type-script, continue to the voxel (i.e. pixel) that is newly molded and its
Close region carries out the heating of setting duration and setting intensity, to control the cooldown rate of new shaping voxel and its close region
(i.e. annealing rate).
Alternatively：Shaping area used in 3 D-printing equipment is vacuum or has protective atmosphere filling.
Alternatively：Gas removal device is being set used in described 3 D-printing equipment in shaping area, is passing through chemistry
Reactive mode removes specific gas.For example：The high-temperature heating container of blow-by is set in closed shaping area, in container
Place active metal powder (such as granularity is 10 microns of iron powder), after evacuation (such as air pressure be down to 10Pa with
Under), powder is heated to 600 DEG C, iron powder is chemically reacted with the residual oxygen in shaping area, and oxygen is eliminated, so as to keep away
Exempt from oxidation of the oxygen to the high-temperature fusion raw material during 3 D-printing.
Alternatively：During three-dimensionally shaped, type-script is processed using Computerized Numerical Control processing technology.For example：Every
After the accumulation for completing one layer of type-script, milling is carried out to the edge of the layer of newest shaping using milling cutter；Or, in 3 D-printing
After end, the processing set using milling cutter to type-script.Traditional CNC (Digit Control Machine Tool) can be set with 3 D-printing
It is standby to be incorporated into a set of equipment.
Alternatively：The key step of 3 D-printing includes：
Step S1, the accumulation fused raw material on X/Y plane generates first layer type-script；
Step S2, accumulation fused raw material (n >=1) on n-th layer type-script starts the of (n+1)th layer of voxel data chain
The shaping of one voxel；Magnetic field is not enough to melt will accumulating and accumulating melting for type-script to the heating intensity of type-script
The region of raw material；
Step S3, according to the property of computer model data, judge between the voxel and type-script that are being formed whether with
The mode of melting is attached；If necessary to be attached in the way of melting, into step S4, otherwise into S6；
Step S4, by the zone melting being in contact with fused raw material of type-script upper surface；By strengthening magnetic field to printing
The heating intensity of body and/or the mode for applying electric current auxiliary heating between fused raw material and type-script, by the area of type-script
Melt in domain；
Original state is recalled in step S5, magnetic field to the heating intensity of type-script, close fused raw material and type-script it
Between the heated current that applies；
Step S6, magnetic field keeps constant to the heating intensity of type-script, does not apply between fused raw material and type-script and adds
Thermocurrent；
Step S7, judges whether the shaping of current layer has completed；If do not completed, into step S8, otherwise into S9；
Step S8, carries out the shaping of next voxel, into step S3；
Step S9, judges whether 3 D-printing has completed；If do not completed, induction coil and fused raw material generating means
Make the distance of remote mobile (that is, the moving in z-direction) relative to the new shape layer of type-script, one layer height of movement or thickness,
Subsequently into step S2, the shaping of new one layer of progress；If completed, into step S10；
Step S10, terminates the generation of fused raw material, closes magnetic field；
Described X/Y plane refers to the shaping reference plane of 3 D-printing equipment, and Z-direction refers to perpendicular to the direction of X/Y plane.
For example：When using horizontal plane as shaping reference plane, each layer of type-script is all a parallel surface of horizontal plane, and Z-direction is just
It is vertically oriented.
Alternatively：The key step of 3 D-printing includes：
Step S1, the accumulation fused raw material on X/Y plane generates first layer type-script；
Step S2, accumulation fused raw material (n >=1) on n-th layer type-script, the shaping of (n+1)th layer of beginning；Magnetic field is to printing
The heating intensity of body is not enough to melt will accumulating and the region of accumulation fused raw material for type-script；
Step S3, according to the property of computer model data, is not carried out between voxel and type-script in the way of melting
The zone-accumulation fused raw material of connection, magnetic field keeps constant to the heating intensity of type-script, between fused raw material and type-script
Do not apply heated current；Until all regions that need not be attached in the way of melting all have accumulated fused raw material；
Step S4, according to the property of computer model data, needs to enter in the way of melting between voxel and type-script
The zone-accumulation fused raw material of row connection；During accumulation fused raw material, by type-script upper surface and fused raw material phase
The zone melting of contact；Applied by strengthening magnetic field to the heating intensity of type-script and/or between fused raw material and type-script
The mode of electric current auxiliary heating, by the zone melting of type-script；Until the area in need being attached in the way of melting
Domain all have accumulated fused raw material；
Original state is recalled in step S5, magnetic field to the heating intensity of type-script, close fused raw material and type-script it
Between the heated current that applies；
Step S6, judges whether 3 D-printing has completed；If do not completed, induction coil and fused raw material generating means
Make the distance of remote mobile (that is, the moving in z-direction) relative to the new shape layer of type-script, one layer height of movement or thickness,
Subsequently into step S2, the shaping of new one layer of progress；If completed, into step S7；
Step S7, terminates the generation of fused raw material, closes magnetic field；
Described X/Y plane refers to the shaping reference plane of 3 D-printing equipment, and Z-direction refers to perpendicular to the direction of X/Y plane.
For example：When using horizontal plane as shaping reference plane, each layer of type-script is all a parallel surface of horizontal plane, and Z-direction is just
It is vertically oriented.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1) present invention by electromagnetic induction heating mode by type-script will accumulation fused raw material position melt, and/
Or melt the position of the accumulation fused raw material of type-script, realize and connected between fused raw material and type-script in the way of melting
Connect, and then obtain high inter-layer bonding force, obtain high structural strength.
(2) present invention is by adjusting induced field to the heating intensity of the type-script of printing shaping and/or whether molten
Melt and apply electric current between raw material and type-script to aid in heating, whether the position that control type-script is in contact with fused raw material melts
Change, and then control whether the interlayer of type-script specific region is connected in the way of melting；The region connected in non-melt mode
Inter-layer bonding force is relatively low, and the region of relatively low inter-layer bonding force be able to can be removed as complementary supporter, it is possible to achieve complexity knot
The printing of structure.
(3) present invention can use wire solid feed (such as metal wire), powdered compared to what existing mainstream technology was used
Raw material, linear material cost is low；When solid feed is metal, it is possible to achieve metal 3 D-printing, compared to existing metal three
Printing technique is tieed up, of the invention is with low cost.
(4) if the present invention is using wire solid feed, the movement of the mobile driving fused raw material of solid-state linear material is melted
Melt raw material to contact with molded type-script, and the contact process exist between mechanicals efforts, pixel and into
Gas between the layer of type and layer molded before is driven away, gap is filled, between pixel and interlayer " gap
Network " is few, and (" gap network " structure is in existing selective laser melting process SLM and electron beam using paving metal bisque mode
Generally existing in fusion technology EBM)；Therefore, the parts density produced is printed using the technology of the present invention high.The shaping of the present invention
Precision depends primarily on the volume or granularity of accumulated fused raw material, and the drop of accumulated fused raw material can be controlled big
The small 3 D-printing with precision needed for realizing.
(5) present invention can control the accumulation position of fused raw material by three-dimensional or Multi-shaft movement mechanism, realize large format
3 D-printing is molded (such as 5m × 5m × 5m), and this is that the technologies such as existing SLM/EBM are difficult to.
(6) present invention using conductive material when carrying out 3 D-printing, it is not necessary to which high-power laser system is (high-power to swash
Photosystem is expensive, and the service life of laser is universal within 10,000 hours), implementation cost is cheap, that is, is produced into
This and use cost are low；Electron beam system that need not be complicated, can under vacuum and non-vacuum environment printing shaping, can also answer
For space environment.
(7) material selection used in the present invention is wide, as long as the solid-state material for the vortex that can be inducted by magnetic fields
The specific embodiment of the present invention is could be used for, is heated in the absence of existing mainstream technology (such as SLM/EBM/LENS) because raw material reflects
Energy or to heat energy absorptivity it is low caused by material select face it is narrow the problem of；Common materials (such as aluminium, copper, iron, stainless
Steel, nickel base superalloy, titanium, rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten, cermet) it is applied to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
(8) present invention during accumulation fused raw material on the basis of type-script, fused raw material only with it is unfused solid
State raw material, type-script come in contact, not with other any form touch.The heat that fused raw material is carried will not be made to other structures
Into destruction, therefore the present invention can use super dystectic conductive material, such as tungsten (about 3400 DEG C of fusing point).Compared to a sheet
Invention, the existing three-dimensional printing technology that printing raw material is melted using " miniature smelting furnace ", the printing raw material that can be used is limited to " micro-
The performance of type smelting furnace ", it is impossible to print high-temperature material, such as molybdenum, tungsten.
(9) present invention is during accumulation fused raw material on the basis of type-script, between fused raw material and type-script
Electrical connection is set up, the forming process of each voxel (three-dimensional image vegetarian refreshments) can be monitored.
In summary, beneficial effects of the present invention：The inter-layer bonding force of type-script is high, and the structural strength of type-script is high；Can
It is synchronous to produce dismountable complementary supporter, to realize the printing of labyrinth；It is simple in construction, it can print large component；Often
The forming process of individual voxel is all monitored；Suitable material species is more, and metal, cermet, mixed metal powder can be achieved
The 3 D-printing of the conductive materials such as plastics；It is with low cost.The present invention has substantial advance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram, and for illustrating the magnetic field that induction coil is produced, induction coil therein is represented with sectional view；
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram, and the principle of first specific embodiment for illustrating the present invention, arrow D1 therein represents solid
The moving direction of state raw material, arrow D2 represents induction coil for sensing heating together with solid feed relative to type-script
It is mobile；
Fig. 3 is 3 D stereo perspective view, for illustrating induction coil used in first specific embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the top view of the induction coil shown in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is 3 D stereo perspective view, for illustrating induction coil used in second specific embodiment of the present invention
And solid feed guide device；
Fig. 6 is the side view of the device shown in Fig. 5；
Fig. 7 is the top view of the device shown in Fig. 5；
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are schematic diagrames, and the location status for illustrating induction coil, arrow D3 and D4 therein represents mobile
Direction；
Figure 10 is schematic diagram, the 3rd specific embodiment for illustrating the present invention, and the specific embodiment uses powdered
Solid feed, arrow D5 therein represents the moving direction of powdered solid feed, and arrow D6 represents the sense for sensing heating
Answer movement of the coil relative to type-script together with solid feed；
Label therein：1- magnetic fields, 2- coils one, 3- wire solid feed one, 4- type-scripts one, the raw material of 5- fusings,
The fusion zone one of 6- type-scripts, 7- coils three, 8- coil electrodes one, 9- coil electrodes two, 10- coil electrodes three, 11- coils electricity
Pole four, 12- coils two, 13- solid feed guide devices, 14- coolant interfaces, 15- wire solid feed two, 16- nozzles, 17-
Powdered solid feed, the droplet-like raw material of 18- fusings, the fusion zone two of 19- type-scripts, it is molten that 20- is deposited on type-script
Change raw material, 21- type-scripts two.
Embodiment
A kind of three preferred embodiments of 3 D-printing method of the invention are set forth below, and with reference to accompanying drawing to the present invention
It is described in detail.
A kind of first preferred embodiment of 3 D-printing method of the invention as shown in Figures 1 to 4：It is a kind of three-dimensional
Method of printing, its main process is：By fused raw material (that is, the raw material 5 of fusing) be placed into used in 3 D-printing equipment into
Type area, in shaping area, accumulation is changed into type-script to fused raw material, and fused raw material is on the basis of type-script (that is, type-script 1)
Accumulate, until the forming objects to be printed, the object to be printed is constituted by the type-script accumulated；Wherein：In accumulation melting
During raw material, the position that fused raw material is placed by the object to be printed shape and structures shape, i.e., by with institute
The corresponding computer model data of the object to be printed are determined；Shaping area used in described 3 D-printing equipment, refers to
3 D-printing equipment used space in printing objects；Fused raw material is in shaping area accumulation and because temperature is reduced and changes
For type-script；
Its key technology is：
During accumulation fused raw material, by electromagnetic induction heating mode by type-script will accumulation fused raw material
Position fusing or soften, and the position of the accumulation fused raw material of type-script is melted or softened.
The position fusing of the above-mentioned accumulation fused raw material by type-script, it is possible to achieve the fused raw material newly accumulated with
(type-script is by the fused raw material of prior cumulative because temperature reduces and is changed into solid-state and shape for melting connection between type-script
Into), so as to realize the interlayer connection of high intensity.
In this specific embodiment：The used induced field when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script, it senses
The sphere of action of heating is controlled and induced field heating intensity is controlled.The sphere of action of sensing heating includes active area, magnetic
The shape of heating region of field on type-script etc..The heating intensity of induced field is by magnetic field intensity, heating duration, field frequency
Determined etc. parameter.
In this specific embodiment：The used induced field when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script, it is molten
Melt the area of the heating region to type-script in raw material cumulative path and/or the state of shape can adjust.The state master of shape
To include shape type, the direction of shape, layout/distribution mode of shape, the dynamic change of shape.
In this specific embodiment：Described fused raw material is added solid feed by using the mode of electromagnetic induction heating
Heat fusing and obtain, as shown in Figure 2.
In this specific embodiment：The above-mentioned mode by using electromagnetic induction heating is by solid feed heating fusing
Obtain fused raw material, its producing method：Solid feed is when across or through electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field, electromagnetic induction heating magnetic
Field is inducted on solid feed to be vortexed and heats solid feed and melt.
In this specific embodiment：The above-mentioned mode by using electromagnetic induction heating is by solid feed heating fusing
The fused raw material of acquisition, during accumulation fused raw material on the basis of type-script, except being contacted with type-script, solid feed
Outside, not with other any form touch, as shown in Figure 2.
In this specific embodiment：The above-mentioned mode by using electromagnetic induction heating is by solid feed heating fusing
Fused raw material is obtained, described solid feed is wire solid feed (such as wire).
In this specific embodiment：Solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material
With electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in heating type-script produced by same field generator for magnetic.
In this specific embodiment：Described is melted type-script or softening by electromagnetic induction heating mode, is air exercise
The surface for printing body carries out heating fusing or softening.
In this specific embodiment：In part, print area regulation produces the electromagnetic induction heating of heat effect to type-script
The active area in magnetic field and/or the state of shape, so that the type-script in the region is distributed in the area in fused raw material cumulative path
Do not melted or softened by electromagnetic induction heating in domain；Also, electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field can adjust to the heating intensity of type-script.Institute
The part print area stated, refer to during printing objects among fused raw material and the type-script space to be occupied one
Part.Described part print area, it is understood that be：The object to be printed is mapped to 3 D-printing equipment and used
Shaping area formed by a part among mapping space.Described part print area, can also be understood to：To be beaten
The space that the object of print will be occupied in future is marked off in advance to be come, formation and the virtual object that the object to be printed is in mapping relations
Body, the dummy object is progressively transformed into the real-world object of final printing shaping, is transformed into the mistake of real-world object by dummy object
Journey is exactly the process of 3 D-printing shaping；The dummy object is divided into multiple regions, subregion therein is described
Part print area.The state of shape mainly includes shape type, the direction of shape, layout/distribution mode of shape, shape
Dynamic change.
In this specific embodiment：By controlling heating intensity of the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field on type-script, to control
The molten state in the region being in contact with fused raw material of type-script, and then control the connection side between type-script and fused raw material
Formula.Described molten state includes the states such as fusing, non-fusible, semi-molten, softening.Described connected mode can be divided into melting and connect
Connect, non-melt connects two big types.When type-script the region being in contact with fused raw material be molten state when, fused raw material with
Merged between type-script with regard to realizing in the way of melting connection, so as to realize high intensity connection (in printing metal material
In the case of, also referred to as realize that metallurgical grade is connected).When the region being in contact with fused raw material of type-script is non-fusible state,
Just it is attached between fused raw material and type-script in the way of non-melt is connected, and type-script is in contact with fused raw material
Regional temperature is lower, bonding strength between the two is lower.With non-melt connected mode accumulation fused raw material (unit volume
Fused raw material formation voxel/three-dimensional image vegetarian refreshments) and the structural strength of print area that produces is relatively low, so as to by structural strength
Relatively low print area is as dismountable complementary support (support), to realize the 3 D-printing of labyrinth.
In this specific embodiment：During accumulation fused raw material, by fused raw material and type-script Access Control electricity
Road, applies electric current between fused raw material and type-script.Apply electric current between fused raw material and type-script, can obtain many
Benefit, for example：The temperature at the position that fused raw material and type-script are in contact with fused raw material can be adjusted by electric current, also may be used
The contact condition between fused raw material and type-script is monitored with being realized by monitoring current.
In this specific embodiment：Electrical connection is set up between type-script and fused raw material, by judging between the two
Electrical connection state judge contact condition between the two.For example：By resistance value or capacitance between the two come
Judge whether the degree for coming in contact and contacting, just change the accumulation of fused raw material on the premise of ensuring that both come in contact
Position, so ensures effective accumulation of each voxel (i.e. pixel) during three-dimensionally shaped.During 3 D-printing,
The first layer of type-script is accumulated in electric conductivity support platform (not shown in figures).Electric conductivity support platform and wire are consolidated
State raw material (using metal wire) Access Control circuit, because type-script is contacted with electric conductivity support platform, fused raw material and solid-state
Raw material is contacted, thus establishes between type-script and fused raw material electrical connection.
In this specific embodiment：The used induced field when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script, it senses
The location status and/or configuration state of field generator for magnetic can be conditioned.Location status refers mainly to induced field generating means institute
The position at place and due to change in location caused by the motion modes such as movement, rotation, upper lift, decline, swing, vibration.Configuration state
Refer mainly to combination and the change of the shape, structure composition, structure of induced field generating means.
In this specific embodiment：Described is melted type-script or softening by electromagnetic induction heating mode, produces electricity
The magnetic field of magnetic induction heat effect is produced by induction coil (that is, coil 1), and the electric current in induction coil is driven by oscillating circuit
It is dynamic.
In this specific embodiment：The distance of above-mentioned induction coil and type-script surface is adjusted, or sensing is flowed through in regulation
The current strength of coil, either the break-make frequency of the electric current of induction coil is flowed through in regulation or the electricity of induction coil is flowed through in regulation
The frequency of oscillation of stream, to realize that the heat effect intensity to magnetic field on type-script surface is adjusted.
In this specific embodiment：The energization area of above-mentioned induction coil can adjust.Induction coil is by different section groups
Into, can control some sections have electric current by and some sections do not have electric current to pass through.Induction coil as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4
(that is, coil 1) is formed by connecting by 3 sections.
In this specific embodiment：Shaping area used in 3 D-printing equipment is evacuated state, can also into
Protective atmosphere (such as inert gas shielding) is filled in type area.
In this specific embodiment：Gas is being set to remove dress in shaping area used in described 3 D-printing equipment
Put, removed specific gas by the mode of chemically reacting.For example：The high-temperature heating of blow-by is set to hold in closed shaping area
Device, places active metal powder in container (such as granularity is 10 microns of iron powder)；After being evacuated in shaping area (for example
Air pressure is down to below 10Pa), powder is heated to 600 DEG C, iron powder chemically reacts with the remnant oxygen in shaping area, generated
Iron oxide, oxygen is eliminated, so as to avoid oxidation of the oxygen to the high-temperature fusion raw material during 3 D-printing.In another example：
Pure aluminum metal is placed in high-temperature heating container, more than 800 DEG C are heated to, aluminium reacts with the nitrogen and oxygen in shaping area,
Aluminium nitride, aluminum oxide are generated, so as to remove nitrogen and oxygen.
In this specific embodiment：The key step of 3 D-printing includes：
Step S1, the accumulation fused raw material on X/Y plane generates first layer type-script；
Step S2, accumulation fused raw material (n >=1) on n-th layer type-script, the shaping of (n+1)th layer of beginning；Magnetic field is to printing
The heating intensity of body is not enough to melt will accumulating and the region of accumulation fused raw material for type-script；
Step S3, according to the property of computer model data, is not carried out between voxel and type-script in the way of melting
The zone-accumulation fused raw material of connection, magnetic field keeps constant to the heating intensity of type-script, between fused raw material and type-script
Do not apply heated current；Until all regions that need not be attached in the way of melting all have accumulated fused raw material；
Step S4, according to the property of computer model data, needs to enter in the way of melting between voxel and type-script
The zone-accumulation fused raw material of row connection；During accumulation fused raw material, by type-script upper surface and fused raw material phase
The zone melting of contact；Apply electric current to the heating intensity of type-script and between fused raw material and type-script by strengthening magnetic field
The mode of heating is aided in, by the zone melting of type-script；Until the region in need being attached in the way of melting all
It has accumulated fused raw material；
Original state is recalled in step S5, magnetic field to the heating intensity of type-script, close fused raw material and type-script it
Between the heated current that applies；
Step S6, judges whether 3 D-printing has completed；If do not completed, induction coil and fused raw material generating means
Make the distance of remote mobile (that is, the moving in z-direction) relative to the new shape layer of type-script, one layer height of movement or thickness,
Subsequently into step S2, the shaping of new one layer of progress；If completed, into step S7；
Step S7, terminates the generation of fused raw material, closes magnetic field；
Described X/Y plane refers to the shaping reference plane of 3 D-printing equipment, and Z-direction refers to perpendicular to the direction of X/Y plane.
For example：When using horizontal plane as shaping reference plane, each layer of type-script is all a parallel surface of horizontal plane, and Z-direction is just
It is perpendicular to the direction of horizontal plane.
In this specific embodiment：Described solid feed is during electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is entered, and it is moved
Path passes through guide device guiding (not shown in figures).
Concrete application scheme：
Fig. 1 illustrates high frequency magnetic field produced by induction coil used in this specific embodiment (that is, coil 1) (i.e.,
Magnetic field 1) substantially form.Conductive material is inducted vortex in high-frequency alternating magnetic field.Vortex is internally formed in conductive material
Loop simultaneously causes resistance heating in material internal.The frequency in magnetic field is higher, its skin effect that becomes produced when being heated to conductive material
Should be more notable, i.e.,：The frequency in magnetic field is higher, and the heated region of conductive material more tends to the surface of conductive material；Even,
When heating power is sufficiently high, the surface of conductive material has been melted, but its inside center temperature still connects within a short period of time
Near-ambient temperature.
Fig. 2 illustrates the general principle of this specific embodiment：(that is, wire is solid using line-shaped conductive material for solid feed
State raw material 1 3), for example using line footpath be 0.1mm titanium metal wire；Induction coil (that is, coil 1) and solid feed (that is, line
3) shape solid feed 1 moves (such as movement shown in arrow D2 under the driving of the position control subsystem of 3 D-printing equipment
Direction), solid feed (that is, wire solid feed 1) does vertical under the driving of raw material conveying device (not shown in figures)
The movement (such as the moving direction shown in arrow D1) of Nogata upwards；Solid feed (that is, wire solid feed 1) is through sense
When answering the center of coil (that is, coil 1), magnetic field 1 is inducted vortex on solid feed, and eddy-current heating makes passing through for solid feed
The section in magnetic field is melted and produces fused raw material (that is, the raw material 5 of fusing)；Due to the shifting shown in solid feed along arrow D1
Dynamic direction movement, it melts that section is promoted by unfused section and away from induction coil, follow-up solid feed is through magnetic
It is melted during field and new fused raw material is given birth to without stopping pregnancy, visually forms " fused raw material stream "；Fused raw material (that is, fusing
Raw material 5) connected with unfused solid feed (that is, wire solid feed 1)；Fused raw material is in unfused solid feed
Under drive, the moving direction accumulation shown in arrow D2, and often accumulated after one layer, induction coil (that is, coil 1)
Up move one layer of distance (height or thickness of layer are set by user)；The fused raw material accumulated becomes after temperature reduction
For solid-state and it is transformed into type-script (that is, type-script 1), the fused raw material newly produced continues that layer of printing being previously formed
Accumulated on body to form new layer, until 3 D-printing terminates；Needing to melt the region of connection, induction coil (that is, coil
One high frequency magnetic field 2) produced by type-script (that is, type-script 1) upper surface will accumulation fused raw material position and
The position fusing of accumulation fused raw material, the position of accumulation fused raw material is also applied between fused raw material and type-script
Electric current heating (optional, the parameter set by the user of 3 D-printing equipment is determined), forms the fusion zone 1 of type-script, melts
Melt raw material to accumulate on the fusion zone 1 of type-script, so as to realize melting connection；After being removed or be closed in magnetic field, beat
The fused raw material for printing the fusion zone 1 of body and its accumulating above is solidified because of heat by walking guide.
During accumulation fused raw material (that is, the raw material 5 of fusing) on the basis of type-script (that is, type-script 1), melt
Melt raw material only to come in contact with unfused solid feed (that is, wire solid feed 1), type-script, not with other any knots
Structure is contacted.The heat that fused raw material is carried will not be damaged to other structures, therefore this specific embodiment can use superelevation
The conductive material of fusing point, such as tungsten (about 3400 DEG C of fusing point).It is existing to be beaten using " miniature smelting furnace " fusing compared to the present invention is played
The three-dimensional printing technology of raw material is printed, the printing raw material that can be used is limited to the performance (such as temperature tolerance) of " miniature smelting furnace ", nothing
Method prints high-temperature material, such as molybdenum, tungsten.
In this specific embodiment, induction coil constitutes (coil 1 as shown in Figures 3 and 4) by 3 sections,
I.e.：Coil 1 is separated into and is sequentially connected by coil electrode 1, coil electrode 29, coil electrode 3 10 and coil electrode 4 11
3 sections；The innermost circle of coil electrode 1 and the control coil 1 of coil electrode 29, coil electrode 1 and coil electrode 3 10 are controlled
The entirety of 1.5 circle in system, coil electrode 1 and the control coil 1 of coil electrode 4 11.Coil 1 is manufactured by metal tube.Coil
One 2 can generate heat, it is necessary in the logical coolant of its internal path, be cooled down to coil 1 in the operating condition.By changing coil
One 2 work section adjusts induced field (that is, magnetic field 1) to the active area of type-script 1.
In this specific embodiment, by changing work of the induced field (that is, magnetic field 1) to type-script (that is, type-script 1)
Induced field is adjusted with the rate travel of area and control induction coil (that is, coil 1) to the same of printing body surface face
The heating duration in region, i.e.,：When magnetic field rate travel is constant, active area is bigger, same region by magnetic field cover when
Between it is longer；Magnetic field rate travel is slower, and the time that same region is covered by magnetic field is longer.It is constant in magnetic field intensity and frequency
Under the premise of, the surface of type-script is longer by the time of magnetic field heating, and the temperature in heated region is higher.By regulating and controlling sensing magnetic
Realize to the heating duration of type-script and regulation and control magnetic field intensity to the temperature on the type-script surface of specific print area and melt
Change state is controlled.Relevant parameter can use empirical value：Obtained by test of many times and form empirical value.
In this specific embodiment, when the interlayer of some print areas needs to be attached with melting, in this dozen
Print the surface melting of type-script in the forming process in region, to obtain high structural strength.When the layer of some print areas
Between when needing low intensive connection (or even loose connection), not by the surface of type-script in the forming process of the print area
Fusing, and the surface of the type-script and temperature difference of fused raw material is bigger, adhesion between the two is lower；Can be strong by low connection
The type-script or print area of degree tear complementary support/support open after 3 D-printing terminates as complementary support/support
Remove, can so realize the printing of labyrinth.
Because solid feed (that is, wire solid feed 1) is located at the small volume of the section in induced field, type-script
The volume of (that is, type-script 1) is larger, causes both heat difference required when being melted larger, therefore, it can in fusing
Non-fusible type-script while solid feed.Relevant parameter can use empirical value：Obtained by test of many times and form empirical value.
In this specific embodiment, solid feed and type-script are all by Access Control circuit.When fused raw material and printing
When body comes in contact, control circuit monitoring to both come in contact, just move afterwards fused raw material, with carry out next position or
The shaping of voxel.In this specific embodiment, when the interlayer of some print areas needs to be attached with melting, at this
In the forming process of print area, apply the electric current of certain strength between fused raw material and type-script, to strengthen printing body surface
The fusing in face, so as to obtain than the simple control more flexible using magnetic field heating mode.The boiling point of most metal materials is remote
Higher than fusing point (such as about 1660 DEG C of the fusing point of titanium, about 3290 DEG C of boiling point).In each voxel (three-dimensional image vegetarian refreshments)
In forming process, (such as 1 microsecond) high current (such as diameter of 50 amperes/fused raw material can be applied within the extremely short time
0.1mm) heated with auxiliary magnetic field, by the region instant melting being in contact with fused raw material of type-script.Relevant parameter can be used
Empirical value：Obtained by test of many times and form empirical value.
In this specific embodiment, after fused raw material is accumulated on type-script, because fused raw material is from induction coil
Center shift to type-script and accumulate, cause the voxel (i.e. pixel) and its close region that are newly molded in certain duration
Inside still in the coverage of induced field；Therefore, it can control induction coil rate travel with control newly to be molded voxel and
The cooldown rate (i.e. annealing rate) of its close region.Because fused raw material shifts to type-script simultaneously from the center of induction coil
Accumulation, cause type-script upper surface will the region of accumulation fused raw material preheated in advance.
This specific embodiment can the common electric conductivity solid-state material of 3 D-printing part, such as tungsten (3400 DEG C of fusing point),
Stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, copper.Material is chosen in the absence of the metal three-dimensional printing technology (such as SLM/EBM/LENS) of existing main flow
The problem of material (that is, raw material has reflection or the low problem of absorptivity to heat energy, causes workable material category to be limited).
Second preferred embodiment of a kind of 3 D-printing method of the invention as shown in Figures 5 to 9, with this hair
The main distinction of first bright specific embodiment is：Induced field is constant to the area of the zone of action of type-script, but can
To adjust distribution mode of the induced field to the zone of action of type-script by rotary inductive coil (that is, coil 2 12)；It is logical
Overregulate induced field to the distribution mode of the zone of action of type-script and be distributed in fused raw material cumulative path to adjust type-script
On will accumulation fused raw material region heated duration (in the case where induction coil rate travel is constant), so as to adjust
Save the molten state in the region of accumulation fused raw material.Coil 2 12 is also to be manufactured using metal tube, and internal path is used to lead to cold
But liquid.
In this specific embodiment, solid feed (that is, wire solid feed 2 15) sensed magnetic field heating fusing before,
Its moving direction is guided by solid feed guide device 13, induction coil (that is, coil 2 12) is with solid feed guide device 13
Solid feed path of navigation be pivot.Cooling channel is provided with solid feed guide device 13, for former to solid-state
Material guide device 13 is cooled down.The cooling channel of solid feed guide device 13 passes through coolant interface 14 and extraneous cooling system
System connection.The approximate rectangle of induction coil (that is, coil 2 12).
By rotary inductive coil, melting original will be accumulated to adjust type-script and be distributed in fused raw material cumulative path
The heated duration in the region of material, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9：Arrow D3 and D4 represent induction coil and solid feed in X/Y plane
The accumulation direction of moving direction in (non-vertical direction), i.e. fused raw material；When induction coil (approximate rectangle) long side with
When moving direction D3 is parallel, the heated duration in the region of accumulation fused raw material is maximum (that is, to fused raw material accumulation
Path is most long in the heating duration of the mapping area of type-script upper surface)；When the long side of rectangle induction coil and moving direction
When D4 is vertical, the heated duration in the region of accumulation fused raw material is most short (that is, beating the path that fused raw material is accumulated
The heating duration for printing the mapping area of body upper surface is most short).
During accumulation fused raw material on the basis of type-script, fused raw material only with unfused solid feed (i.e.,
Wire solid feed 2 15), type-script come in contact, not with other any form touch.The heat that fused raw material is carried will not
Other structures (such as solid feed guide device 13) are damaged, thus this specific embodiment can use it is super dystectic
Conductive material, such as tungsten (about 3400 DEG C of fusing point).It is existing using " miniature smelting furnace " fusing printing raw material compared to the present invention is played
Three-dimensional printing technology, the printing raw material that can be used is limited to the performance of " miniature smelting furnace ", it is impossible to print high-temperature material, for example
Molybdenum, tungsten.
A kind of 3rd preferred embodiment of 3 D-printing method of the invention as shown in Figure 10：Solid feed is adopted
With dusty raw materials (that is, powdered solid feed 17)；Powdered solid feed 17 is in the direction shown in arrow D5 through nozzle 16
(belonging to solid feed guide device) sprays, and is by magnetic field heating at the center by induction coil (that is, coil 3 7)
Fused raw material (that is, the droplet-like raw material 18 of fusing)；Type-script (that is, type-script 2 21) surface of accumulation fused raw material is by magnetic field
Heating fusing, forms the fusion zone 2 19 of type-script；The melt raw material 20 deposited on type-script is transformed into type-script after solidifying；
Fused raw material is accumulated on the direction shown in arrow D6.This specific embodiment is main with first specific embodiment of the present invention
Difference is：Solid feed uses dusty raw materials (that is, powdered solid feed 17), uses gas push dusty raw materials
Injection；Do not apply electric current between fused raw material and type-script.This specific embodiment can be former using electroconductive powder shape solid-state
Material, for example：Using refractory metal ceramic powders, such as titanium carbide (about 3000 DEG C of fusing point, available for aerospace field), from
And can be with the part of this kind of material of 3 D-printing.In this specific embodiment, fused raw material is only contacted with type-script.
It is described above, only as the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is impossible to the practical range of the present invention is limited with this, i.e.,
The equivalent transformation done according to claims of the present invention and description and modification, all still fall within the model that the present invention covers
Enclose.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of 3 D-printing method, its main process is：Fused raw material is placed into used in 3 D-printing equipment and is molded
Area, fused raw material is accumulated in shaping area and is changed into type-script, and fused raw material is accumulated on the basis of type-script, until to be beaten
The forming objects of print；Wherein：During accumulation fused raw material, the position that fused raw material is placed is by the thing to be printed
The shape and structures shape of body；Shaping area used in described 3 D-printing equipment, refers to 3 D-printing equipment in printed matter
Used space during body；
It is characterized in that：
During accumulation fused raw material, by electromagnetic induction heating mode by type-script will accumulation fused raw material position
Put fusing or soften, and/or the position of the accumulation fused raw material of type-script is melted or softened.
2. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described fused raw material, which is heated solid feed by using the mode of electromagnetic induction heating, to be melted and obtains；
Solid feed is when across or through electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field, and electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is inducted whirlpool on solid feed
Flow and solid feed is heated and melted；
Or, electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is inducted eddy-current heating and in the structure being in contact with solid feed on solid feed
On induct and eddy-current heating and heat be conducted to solid feed, solid feed is melted；
Or, electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is inducted in the structure being in contact with solid feed eddy-current heating and to be conducted to heat
Solid feed and solid feed is melted.
3. 3 D-printing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
During accumulation fused raw material on the basis of type-script, fused raw material with type-script in addition to contacting, not with it
Its any form touch, or in addition to being contacted with type-script, solid feed, not with other any form touch.
4. 3 D-printing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material with heating used in type-script
Electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is produced by same field generator for magnetic；
Or, solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material and heating type-script is made
Electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is produced respectively by different field generator for magnetic；
Or, solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material and heating type-script is made
Electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is same magnetic field；
Or, solid feed heating is changed into electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field used in fused raw material and heating type-script is made
Electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field is magnetic field independent mutually.
5. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described fused raw material is obtained by heating solid feed, and used mode of heating at least includes resistance heating, electricity
The central one kind of magnetic induction heating, electric arc heated, plasma heating, laser heating, electron beam heating, microwave heating；When making
During with two of which or two or more mode of heatings, it can be switched between different heating mode.
6. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In part print area, the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field that heat effect is produced to type-script is closed, so that the region is beaten
Body is printed not melted or softened by electromagnetic induction heating；
Or, in part print area, adjust the active area in the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field that heat effect is produced to type-script
And/or the state of shape, so that the type-script in the region is not melted or softened by electromagnetic induction heating；And/or printed in part
Region, reduces heating intensity of the electromagnetic induction heating magnetic field to type-script that heat effect is produced to type-script, so that the region
Type-script not by electromagnetic induction heating melt or soften；
Described part print area, refers to that fused raw material and the type-script space to be occupied are worked as during printing objects
In a part；Described part print area, it is understood that be：The object to be printed is mapped to 3 D-printing equipment
A part formed by used shaping area among mapping space.
7. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Electrical connection is set up between type-script and fused raw material, and/or sets up and electrically connects between type-script and solid feed
Connect.
8. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Used induced field, the location status of its induced field generating means when carrying out electromagnetic induction heating to type-script
And/or configuration state can be conditioned.
9. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Gas removal device is being set used in described 3 D-printing equipment in shaping area, by the mode of chemically reacting by spy
Determine gas removal.
10. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Electrical connection is set up between type-script and solid feed, applies electric current between type-script and solid feed, passes through electricity
The mode of resistance heating melts solid feed, or is jointly melted solid feed with electromagnetic induction heating by resistance heating.
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| CN201710297915.7A CN106965421B (en) | 2017-04-29 | 2017-04-29 | Three-dimensional printing method |
| PCT/CN2018/085025 WO2018196868A1 (en) | 2017-04-29 | 2018-04-28 | Three-dimensional printing method |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| WO2018196868A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
| CN106965421B (en) | 2020-10-20 |
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