CN106944927B - A kind of ultrahigh speed bistrique - Google Patents
A kind of ultrahigh speed bistrique Download PDFInfo
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- CN106944927B CN106944927B CN201710306694.5A CN201710306694A CN106944927B CN 106944927 B CN106944927 B CN 106944927B CN 201710306694 A CN201710306694 A CN 201710306694A CN 106944927 B CN106944927 B CN 106944927B
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/14—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by liquid or gas pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/002—Grinding heads
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of ultrahigh speed bistrique, including sequentially connected ultrahigh speed main shaft part, revolving speed enlarging section and power part, wherein, revolving speed enlarging section includes the one group of major planet friction pulley mutually agreed with ultrahigh speed main shaft part input terminal, the sub- axis of amplifier of the one group of asteroid friction pulley and one group of large and small epicyclic friction gear of connection that mutually agree with power part output end；Large and small epicyclic friction gear group include it is multiple be generally aligned in the same plane, and the large and small epicyclic friction gear that structure is identical, diameter is equal；Large and small epicyclic friction gear number is equal and opposite two-by-two, is separately fixed at the both ends of the sub- axis of amplifier, constitutes planetary gear amplifier；The revolving speed come from power part transmitting is amplified after planetary gear amplifier passes to ultrahigh speed main shaft part.Disclosed ultrahigh speed bistrique through the invention, can be used air motor as low speed power producer, after planetary gear amplifier, reconnection ultrahigh speed main tapping, revolving speed can reach after being amplified 150,000 turns it is even higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing manufacturing, and particularly relates to an ultra-high-speed grinding head.
Background
One of the main components indispensable to the "motor" in the mechanical and manufacturing industries relates to all industries, and is classified into three major categories, namely an electric motor, a pneumatic motor and a hydraulic motor according to the category of a power source.
At present, 15 ten thousand-turn grinding heads (pneumatic main shafts) using gas as a power source in the market are few, even if the grinding heads are electrically driven, and because the manufacturing process of the electric main shafts and the electric grinding heads with more than 12 ten thousand turns is complex, the manufacturing cost is very high, and the grinding heads cannot be born by generally demanding manufacturers.
An electric grinding head, a pneumatic grinding head and an electric spindle with more than 12 thousands of turns belong to the field of machining of high-speed cutting. The ultra-high speed machining has much higher cutting speed and feed speed than the conventional machining, and carries out grinding and cutting on the workpiece to realize advanced manufacturing technology. Since the last 20 years, especially the 90 s, the development of ultra-high speed machining technology is very rapid, and one batch of ultra-high speed machining centers and ultra-high speed machining equipment are put into the international market, which marks the new stage of the high and new technology from theoretical research to industrial application. If the numerical control technology which lays a flexible manufacturing automation foundation is said, the traditional manufacturing technology is revolutionarily changed for the first time due to the fact that a large amount of auxiliary working hours are saved, and the numerical control technology becomes the first milestone of the modern manufacturing technology; therefore, the high-speed machining technology which greatly saves the cutting man-hour and realizes efficient and precise production is the second milestone of the modern manufacturing technology, is one of four internationally recognized advanced manufacturing technologies, and is a system project facing the 21 st century.
Compared with the conventional machining, the ultra-high speed machining is mainly characterized in that the rotating speed of the main shaft is extremely high to reach hundreds of thousands of revolutions per minute. This brings about a number of advantages as follows: the grinding amount and the cutting amount of the nettle can be increased by 3-6 times in unit time, the feeding speed can be increased by 5-10 times, and the grinding force or the cutting force is reduced by 30%. Especially, the radial cutting force and the grinding force are greatly reduced, so that the machining precision of thin-wall workpieces and workpieces with poor equal-division rigidity of slender rods is improved, more than 95% of cutting heat and grinding heat are quickly taken away by chips, and the workpieces are basically kept in a cold state, so that the method is particularly suitable for machining parts which are easy to generate thermal deformation. In addition, the excitation frequency of the ultra-high speed machining is particularly high, the ultra-high speed machining is far away from the natural frequency range of an industrial system, the work is stable, the vibration is small, very precise thin-wall parts can be machined, the surface quality of the parts is close to the grinding level, and the precise machining process after milling can be omitted under the normal condition.
In addition to the field of machining, ultra-high speed processing techniques are also widely used in the fabrication of semiconductor integrated circuits. The common condition of ultra-high speed operation of ultra-high speed main shafts (grinding heads) at home and abroad is that an intermediate frequency motor is adopted for transmission, the speed regulation is realized by a frequency conversion speed regulation method, and the main shafts are supported by the following three methods: angular contact bearings, electromagnetic levitation, and air film levitation.
Taking the angular bearing as an example, the limit rotating speed is only about one hundred thousand. Centrifugal force F generated by the balls in rotationCComprises the following steps:wherein P is the ball material density (Kg/m)2)，DbIs the diameter (m) d of the ballmIs the ball bearing pitch diameter (m), omeganThe revolution angular velocity (rad/s) of the balls. Due to the fact thatTherefore, at ultra-high speed operation, FCIt will be very large and may reach or even exceed the magnitude of the load. Due to the continuous change of the ball rotation shaft in space, a gyro moment M around a horizontal shaft y is generatedgy. Angular velocity ω of the ball about the horizontal axis yyWhen not equal to o, a gyroscopic moment M around the vertical axis z will also be generatedgz. Wherein,wherein J is the moment of inertia of the ball, ωoIs the angular velocity (rad/s) of the ball, β is the angle between the ball rotation axis and the coordinate plane, β' is the angle between the projection of the ball rotation axis in the horizontal plane and the x-axisAs shown in fig. 1. MgyAnd MgzThe balls will be caused to rotate about the y and Z axes, respectively, causing the balls to slide along the tracks of the cage. This sliding causes the bearing to wear and heat up sharply at ultra high speeds. Taking 71905C type angular contact bearing as an example, when the rotating speed is increased from 10000r/min to 40000/min, F isCWill increase by 38 times, MgyThe dynamic friction loss of the bearing is increased by 12 times and 7.6 times, and the service life is only dozens of hours generally.
It is seen that the ultra-high speed grinding head (spindle) is not suitable for the traditional angular contact bearing, and the support of the rotating shaft of the ultra-high speed grinding head (spindle) with more than 15 thousands of turns can only have two forms, namely electric magnetic suspension and compressed gas suspension. However, in the electric magnetic suspension mode, the heat generated by electric driving needs to be discharged outside the machine, so a complete and complex cooling system is needed, the manufacturing process is quite complex, the size of the manufactured grinding head is large, and the utilization rate of energy is low. The compressed gas suspension mode has all the problems of the compressed gas suspension mode because of the structure of the compressed gas suspension mode.
Therefore, at present, most of the commercially available electric spindles (called as electric spindles) are designed and manufactured by taking an imported main motor and a spindle in an integrated manner, and due to the high technical threshold, the process is complex, the price is high, and many manufacturers with requirements are forbidden, while few domestic manufacturers are disadvantageous to scale production and are difficult to popularize in the processing field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ultra-high-speed grinding head consisting of a power part, a rotating speed amplifying part and an ultra-high-speed main shaft part, wherein the rotating speed amplifying part is realized by a specially designed planet wheel amplifier. The low rotating speed output by the power part is amplified at the input end of the super-high-speed spindle after passing through the planet wheel amplifier, so that the super-high-speed rotating speed is realized.
The specific technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses an ultra-high-speed grinding head, which comprises an ultra-high-speed main shaft part, a rotating speed amplifying part and a power part which are sequentially connected, wherein the rotating speed amplifying part comprises a group of large planetary friction wheels matched with the input end of the ultra-high-speed main shaft part, a group of small planetary friction wheels matched with the output end of the power part and a group of amplifier sub-shafts connected with the large planetary friction wheels and the small planetary friction wheels; the big planetary friction wheel set used as the input end of the rotating speed amplifying part comprises a plurality of big planetary friction wheels which are positioned on the same plane, have the same structure and are equal in diameter; the minor planet friction wheel set serving as the output end of the rotating speed amplifying part comprises a plurality of minor planet friction wheels which are positioned on the same plane, have the same structure and the same diameter, and the number of the minor planet friction wheels is equal to that of the major planet friction wheels; the large planet friction wheel and the small planet friction wheel are opposite pairwise and are respectively fixed at two ends of the amplifier sub-shaft to form a planet wheel amplifier; the rotational speed transmitted from the power unit is transmitted to the super high speed spindle unit via the planetary amplifier and amplified.
Furthermore, the number of the big planet friction wheels and the small planet friction wheels is three, the big planet friction wheels are tangent with each other, and the small planet friction wheels are tangent with each other.
Furthermore, the output end of the power part comprises a power part main shaft and a driving wheel sleeved at the output end of the power part main shaft, the ultra-high speed main shaft part comprises an ultra-high speed main shaft, all the minor planet friction wheels are tangent to the driving wheel, and all the major planet friction wheels are tangent to the input end of the ultra-high speed main shaft.
Furthermore, the diameter of the small planetary friction wheel is not larger than that of the driving wheel, and the diameter of the large planetary friction wheel is larger than that of the super-high-speed spindle.
Furthermore, the input end of the super-high-speed spindle and the radial surface of the large planetary friction wheel are both in a matched small-taper shape.
Furthermore, the radial surfaces of the driving wheel and the asteroid friction wheel are in a matched small taper shape.
Furthermore, the output end of the power main shaft is sleeved with a section of spring for matching the contact surface of the driving wheel and the main shaft of the power part.
Furthermore, both ends of the power main shaft are provided with limiting mechanisms for limiting the axial penetration of the main shaft.
Furthermore, a planetary gear amplifier is sleeved with a rotating speed amplifier shell, the front end of the rotating speed amplifier shell is connected with the super-high speed main shaft part, the rear end of the rotating speed amplifier shell is connected with the power part, a plurality of mutually independent sub-shaft fixing cavities are arranged in the rotating speed amplifier shell, the positions and the structures of the sub-shaft fixing cavities are matched with those of the sub-shafts, and the large planetary friction wheel and the small planetary friction wheel are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end outside the sub-shaft fixing cavities; each amplifier sub-shaft penetrates through the corresponding sub-shaft fixing cavity through a sub-shaft bearing to support the big planetary friction wheel and the small planetary friction wheel at the two ends to rotate.
Furthermore, the ultra-high-speed spindle part comprises at least one suspension impeller sleeved on the ultra-high-speed spindle, and a first air flow channel for compressed air to flow through is arranged in the ultra-high-speed grinding head; after the compressed gas does work from the force part, the compressed gas firstly passes through the planet wheel amplifier and then enters the ultrahigh-speed main shaft part, and an air film is formed by the suspension impeller of the ultrahigh-speed main shaft part to support the ultrahigh-speed main shaft to suspend.
Furthermore, the front end and the rear end of the suspension impeller are respectively provided with a suspension impeller cover plate sleeved on the ultra-high-speed main shaft, the suspension impeller cover plates at the front end and the rear end and the ultra-high-speed main shaft form an ultra-high-speed main shaft main body, the front end of the ultra-high-speed main shaft main body is provided with an air guide plate, a second air flow channel used for compressed air to circulate and communicated with the air guide plate is arranged in the ultra-high-speed grinding head, the compressed air enters the air guide plate through the second air flow channel, and a layer of air film is formed on the end face of the ultra-high-speed main shaft main body, back to the suspension impeller cover plate, through an air guide structure.
Furthermore, the air guide structure means that a circle of air guide groove and a plurality of air guide holes which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the air guide groove are formed in the middle of the end surface of the air guide plate, which is back to the suspension impeller cover plate, and the air guide groove and the air guide holes do not penetrate through the air guide plate; the gas guide structure is communicated with the second gas flow channel, compressed gas enters the gas guide groove and the gas guide hole through the second gas flow channel, and when the super-high-speed spindle main body rotates at a super high speed, a gas film is formed on the end face of the gas guide plate through the action of the gas guide structure (namely the gas guide groove and the gas guide hole), and the gas film provides an inward force to the super-high-speed spindle main body so as to limit the axial penetration of the super-high-speed spindle main body.
Furthermore, the super-high-speed spindle part comprises a front end cover which is sleeved on the super-high-speed spindle, and an inner layer ceramic ring and an outer layer ceramic ring are arranged on the contact surface of the front end cover and the super-high-speed spindle and used for supporting the initial rotation of the super-high-speed spindle.
The ultra-high-speed grinding head disclosed by the invention can also be called as an ultra-high-speed main shaft, and has the following beneficial effects:
1) the pneumatic motor can be used as a low-speed power source, and is connected with an ultra-high-speed spindle head after passing through a planet wheel amplifier, so that the rotating speed is amplified and can reach the ultra-high-speed rotating speed of 15 ten thousand revolutions or even higher.
2) The design of the small taper shape of related components, the application of a contact surface spring, the design of a supporting air film and the like enables the super-high-speed spindle to realize stable super-high-speed rotation.
3) The heat generated by friction is cooled after the compressed gas works, a complex cooling system is not needed, and the volume of the ultra-high-speed grinding head is reduced by about 1/2 compared with the existing ultra-high-speed grinding head.
4) Stepless speed regulation can be realized by controlling the air inflow of the air inlet.
5) The structure is simple, the existing manufacturing process conditions can meet the requirement of manufacturing, the processing cost is only about 1/3 of the traditional ultra-high-speed grinding head, and the large-scale production and manufacturing are facilitated.
6) The device is composed of conventional components, and is low in replacement cost and convenient to maintain.
7) The manufacturing and maintenance cost is low, and the method can be generally applied to various processing fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rolling bearing under stress in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a 15-thousand-revolution pneumatic air-float ultra-high-speed grinding head in the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a 15-thousand-revolution pneumatic air-float ultra-high-speed grinding head in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotation speed amplifier section II in the embodiment: (a) right view, (b) main view, (c) left view;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the super high speed spindle portion in the embodiment: (a) right view along line AA ', (b) front view, (c) left view along line AA';
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an air guide plate in the embodiment: (a) perspective view, (b) front view, (c) side view;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power unit (air motor) in the embodiment: (a) right view, (b) front view.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings 2 to 7 and the embodiments.
Fig. 2 and 3 show an overall structural schematic diagram and a simplified schematic diagram of an embodiment of a 15-kilo-revolution pneumatic air-floatation ultra-high-speed grinding head (main shaft), which comprises a rotation speed amplifier part II shown in fig. 3, an ultra-high-speed main shaft part III shown in fig. 4 and a power part I shown in fig. 4, wherein the ultra-high-speed main shaft part III, the rotation speed amplifier part II and the power part I are sequentially connected from front to back to form the pneumatic air-floatation ultra-high-speed grinding head. The concrete structure and characteristics are as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the rotation speed amplification part II includes a set of large planetary friction wheels engaged with the input end of the super high speed main shaft part III, a set of small planetary friction wheels engaged with the output end of the power part I, and a set of amplifier sub-shafts connected to the large and small planetary friction wheels.
The big planetary friction wheel set comprises three big planetary friction wheels 10 with the same structure and the same diameter, the small planetary friction wheel set comprises three small planetary friction wheels 13 with the same structure and the same diameter, the big planetary friction wheels 10 and the small planetary friction wheels 13 are opposite in pairs and are respectively fixed at two ends of three amplifier sub-shafts 28, and a main body part of the rotating speed amplifying part II, namely the planetary amplifier, is formed jointly.
The three big planetary friction wheels 10 are positioned on the same plane and tangent with each other in pairs to serve as the output end of the amplifying part II, the input end of the ultra-high speed spindle 1 (namely the part of the rear end (the shaft head part) of the ultra-high speed spindle 1 extending into the rotating speed amplifying part II) extends into the middle of the three big planetary friction wheels 10 and is tangent with (closely attached to) the three big planetary friction wheels 10, and the diameter of each big planetary friction wheel 10 is 5 times that of the shaft head of the input end of the ultra-high speed spindle 1. The three asteroid friction wheels 13 are positioned on the same plane, and the input end of the rotation speed amplification part II is matched with the output end of the power part I, namely the three asteroid friction wheels 13 are tangent (mutually attached) with the driving wheel 14 of the power part I, and the diameter of the asteroid friction wheels 13 is equal to that of the driving wheel 14.
Further, as can be seen from fig. 3, in order to prevent the ultra-high speed grinding head from slipping and eliminate gap resonance and vibration during ultra-high speed rotation, the input end of the ultra-high speed spindle 1 and the large planetary friction wheel 10 in the embodiment are provided with small taper shapes which are matched with each other, so as to ensure that two radial surfaces are tightly attached and tangent. Similarly, as can be seen from fig. 3, the radial surfaces of the driving wheel 14 and the asteroid friction wheel 13 are both provided with mutually matched small taper shapes.
The planet wheel amplifier main part overcoat is equipped with rotational speed amplifier shell 12, and the front end of rotational speed amplifier shell 12 links to each other with hypervelocity main shaft part III, and the rear end links to each other with power portion I. In the embodiment, the front end of the speed amplifier housing 12 is fitted to the power shaft front end cover 37 and the power section turbine shell 24 of the power section I, and the front end of the speed amplifier housing 12 is connected to the super high speed spindle rear end cover 11 of the super high speed spindle section III.
The inner cavity of the shell 12 of the speed amplifier is provided with three mutually independent sub-shaft fixing cavities, the position and the structure of each sub-shaft fixing cavity are matched with the position and the structure of the amplifier sub-shaft 28, and the large planetary friction wheel and the small planetary friction wheel are positioned at the front end and the rear end outside the sub-shaft fixing cavities and in the shell 12 of the speed amplifier. A set of sub-shaft bearings 29 are sleeved at both ends (i.e. the parts connected with the large and small planetary friction wheels) of each amplifier sub-shaft 28. Each amplifier sub-shaft 28 is arranged in the corresponding sub-shaft fixing cavity through a sub-shaft bearing 29 to support the large and small planetary friction wheels at two ends to rotate at high speed.
Referring to fig. 2, 3, 5 and 6, the ultra-high-speed spindle portion III is an air-floating spindle capable of supporting 15 thousands of revolutions and above, and mainly includes an ultra-high-speed spindle 1, a floating impeller 7, a floating impeller cover plate 6, a front end cover 4, an ultra-high-speed spindle rear end cover 11, an air guide plate 5 and an ultra-high-speed spindle housing 8. Wherein,
the suspension impeller 7 is sleeved on the ultra-high-speed spindle 1 and used for generating an air film for supporting the suspension of the spindle 1, the front end and the rear end of the suspension impeller 7 are respectively provided with a suspension impeller cover plate 6 sleeved on the ultra-high-speed spindle 1 and are integrated with the ultra-high-speed spindle 1 to form an ultra-high-speed spindle main body (a main body part of the ultra-high-speed spindle) of the ultra-high-speed spindle. The super-high speed spindle body is externally sleeved with a super-high speed spindle shell 8, the super-high speed spindle shell 8 is composed of a transverse unit and a longitudinal unit which are integrally formed, the transverse unit is sleeved on most parts of the super-high speed spindle body, and the longitudinal unit is located at the rear end of the transverse unit and matched with a rear end cover 11 of the super-high speed spindle. The super-high-speed spindle air guide plate 5 is sleeved on the super-high-speed spindle 1 and is positioned at the front end of the super-high-speed spindle 1 (namely, at a position close to the output end of the super-high-speed spindle 1). One side of the air guide plate 5 is connected with a suspension impeller cover plate 6 at the front end of the ultra-high-speed spindle 1 and used for limiting the axial penetration of the ultra-high-speed spindle body. The front end cover 4 is sleeved on the super-high speed spindle 1 and is positioned at the front end of the air guide plate 5. The rear end cover 11 of the super-high-speed spindle is sleeved on the super-high-speed spindle 1 and is positioned at the rear end of the longitudinal unit of the super-high-speed spindle shell 8. The front end cover 4 and the ultra high speed spindle rear end cover 11 can support ultra high speed rotation of the ultra high speed spindle 1. The front end cover 4, the air guide plate 5 and the transverse unit of the ultra-high speed spindle shell 8 are matched with each other, and the rear end cover 11 of the ultra-high speed spindle is matched with the longitudinal unit of the ultra-high speed spindle shell 8 to seal the ultra-high speed spindle body in the ultra-high speed spindle shell 8.
The super high speed spindle part III (i.e. the super high speed spindle housing 8) has a gas flow passage (i.e. passage a3) for the compressed gas to flow through, and the compressed gas from the rotational speed amplifying part II enters the compressed gas chamber 35 of the levitation impeller 7 through the passage a3, and is compressed and expanded by the super high speed rotation of the super high speed spindle body, and a rigid gas film is formed around the levitation impeller 7 to support the super high speed spindle body to be levitated in the middle of the motor.
Fig. 5(a) is a left side view of the ultra high speed spindle part III along the AA' section, the rear end cap 11 of the ultra high speed spindle is provided with a plurality of air inlets 31 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the longitudinal unit of the ultra high speed spindle housing 8 is provided with a plurality of air inlets 32 communicating with the air inlets 31 on the rear end cap 11 of the ultra high speed spindle and having a size suitable for the same. The front end cover 4 is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes 33, and the air guide plate 5 is provided with a plurality of air inlet holes 34. The intake holes 31, 32, 33 and 34 communicate with each other to form a compressed gas flow passage a3 inside the super high speed spindle 1.
Specifically, the compressed gas flowing out of the rotation speed amplification part II flows into the ultra-high speed spindle cover along the outer wall of the transverse unit of the ultra-high speed spindle housing 8 through the gas inlet hole 31 of the ultra-high speed spindle rear end cover 11 and the gas inlet hole 32 of the longitudinal unit of the ultra-high speed spindle housing 8, flows to the ultra-high speed spindle gas guide plate 5 through the gas inlet hole 33 of the ultra-high speed spindle front end cover 4, and enters the compressed gas chamber 35 of the suspension impeller 7 through the gas inlet hole 34 of the ultra-high speed spindle gas guide plate 5. In operation, the super-high speed spindle 1 rotating at high speed suspends a circle of air film formed around the super-high speed spindle by the suspension impeller 7.
As shown in fig. 6, a circle of air guide grooves 36 and a plurality of air guide holes 37 uniformly distributed on the periphery of the air guide grooves are formed in the middle of the side surface of the air guide plate 5 facing the front end, and the air guide grooves 36 and the air guide holes 37 do not penetrate through the air guide plate 5, that is, the air guide plate 5 is half perforated. Correspondingly, a compressed gas flow channel b is arranged on the ultra-high-speed grinding head, the compressed gas enters the gas guide groove 36 and the gas guide hole 37 through the channel b, and when the ultra-high-speed spindle body rotates at ultra-high speed, a gas film is formed on the end face of the gas guide plate 5 through the action of the gas guide structure (namely the gas guide groove 36 and the gas guide hole 37), and the gas film gives an inward force to the ultra-high-speed spindle body so as to limit the axial penetration of the ultra-high-speed spindle body.
Further, an inner ceramic ring 2 and an outer ceramic ring 3 are arranged between the super high speed spindle 1 and the front end cover 4. Because the ceramic material has a small friction coefficient and is high-temperature resistant, the ceramic ring with an inner-outer double-layer structure is selected to support the initial rotation of the ultra-high-speed spindle 1, namely, when the ultra-high-speed grinding head is started, the suspension impeller 7 does not form a gas film or the formed gas film is not enough to support the ultra-high-speed spindle 1.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 7, the power unit I mainly includes an air inlet 36, a power main body, a drive wheel 14 (power output end), a turbine shell 24, a rear end cover 27, and a power shaft front end cover 37.
The power body is not the invention point of the patent, and as can be seen from fig. 2 and 5, the power body adopted in the embodiment is the structure of the turbine pneumatic part in the turbine pneumatic and hybrid high-speed motor disclosed in the invention patent 201710164758.2 by the applicant, and comprises a power section main shaft 30, a turbine a25, a turbine fixing block 19, a turbine b18, a flow guide plate 23, an air guide structure 26 and the like, and the specific structure and the working principle thereof can be seen in the description in the patent. Of course, besides the structure of the power part in the embodiment, the power body of the present patent may also adopt the structure of the turbine pneumatic part in the turbine pneumatic and hydrostatic high-speed motor disclosed in the utility model 201720273166X, or adopt other power body structures in the prior art. Only the output end of the power part I is required to be designed with a structure matched with the input end of the rotating speed amplifier. Therefore, the power body is not described in detail in this patent.
The output end of the power main shaft 20 of the power part I is sleeved with a driving wheel 14 which is used as the output end of the power part I and is connected with the input end of the rotating speed amplifying part II. The specific implementation manner may be that the driving wheel 14 and each asteroid friction wheel 13 of the rotation speed amplification part II are located on the same plane and are tangent to each asteroid friction wheel 13 respectively. The rotating speed of the power part is transmitted to the small planetary friction wheel 13 and then transmitted to the input end of the super-high speed main shaft part III by the three large friction wheels 10, and the rotating speed is amplified through the change of the diameters of all parts.
Further, in order to tightly push the driving wheel 14, a spring 17 is arranged on the surface of the front end of the power main shaft 20, which is in contact with the driving wheel 14, and the spring 17 is matched with the radial surfaces of the power main shaft 20 and the driving wheel 14 so as to prevent the driving wheel 14 from vibrating and slipping.
Further, as can be seen from fig. 3, the two ends of the power spindle 20 are respectively provided with a limiting mechanism for limiting the axial movement of the power spindle 20, and it is obvious that the limiting mechanism plays a role in preventing the driving wheel 14 from axially moving. In the embodiment, the limiting mechanism adopts a limiting screw 22 at the rear end of the power spindle 20 and two sections of limiting screws 15 which are fixedly connected and located at the front end of the power spindle 20 for limiting.
In summary, the small planetary friction wheel 13 in the rotation speed amplification part II (i.e. the input end of the rotation speed amplification part II) is tangent to the driving wheel 14 in the power part I (i.e. the output end of the power part I). The large planetary friction wheel 10 in the rotation speed amplification part II (namely the output end of the rotation speed amplification part II) is tangent with the shaft head of the super high speed spindle 1 in the super high speed spindle part III (namely the input end of the super high speed spindle part III). The diameter of the driving wheel 14 is equal to that of the small planetary friction wheel 13, and the power part I transmits kinetic energy to the rotating speed amplifying part II and keeps the rotating speed consistent, namely, the rotating speed of the planetary gear amplifier is equal to that of the power spindle 20. Big, little planet friction pulley coaxial rotation, big planet friction pulley 10 continues to transmit kinetic energy to hypervelocity main shaft part III, and the diameter of big planet friction pulley 10 is 5 times of the ratio of hypervelocity main shaft 1 input spindle nose diameter, can obtain, and the rotational speed ratio of big planet friction pulley 10 and hypervelocity main shaft 1 is 1: 5, namely the rotating speed of the super high speed spindle 1 is enlarged by 5 times compared with that of the large planetary friction wheel 10. It can be seen that the rotational speed transmitted from the power unit is transmitted to the super high speed spindle unit via the planetary gear amplifier and then amplified by 5 units, and in the embodiment, the rotational speed of the large planetary friction wheel 10 is 3 ten thousand r/min (low speed), so the rotational speed of the super high speed spindle 1 is 15 ten thousand r/min (super high speed).
It should be noted that, in the specific application, the diameter relationship of the components is not limited to this, and the rotation speed can be amplified by ensuring that the diameter of the small planetary friction wheel 13 is not larger than that of the driving wheel 14, and the diameter of the large planetary friction wheel 10 is larger than that of the super high speed spindle 1. When the device is applied, the diameters of all parts can be designed according to application scenes and actual needs, and the desired amplification effect is achieved. Under the condition that the manufacturing process and the manufacturing cost are allowed, the rotating speed can be arbitrarily amplified according to the requirement, such as 15 ten thousand r/min, 20 ten thousand r/min and even higher. When the rotating speed exceeds 5 ten thousand r/min and is lower than the rotating speed, the ultra-high speed main shaft part III can be suspended by an angular contact bearing, and can also be suspended by electric magnetic suspension and compressed gas; however, when the rotating speed exceeds 5 ten thousand r/min, the compressed gas suspension mode is preferably selected.
In addition, the number of the large and small planetary friction wheels is not limited to three under the conditions met by the space size and the manufacturing process, and can be four, five or even more. The structure of the three planetary friction wheels in the embodiment is not only tangent with the driving wheel 14 or the ultra-high speed spindle 1, but also tangent with each other, and the circle centers of the planetary friction wheels form an equilateral triangle, so that the stability is stronger, and the occupied space is relatively minimum. The length of the amplifier sub-shaft 28 between the large planetary friction wheel and the small planetary friction wheel can be designed according to needs, but the length cannot be too long, and the breakage caused by deformation during high-speed rotation is prevented.
It should also be noted that the ultra-high speed grinding head in the embodiment can realize stepless speed regulation by controlling the air inflow in the air inlet 36, that is, the integral rotating speed is reduced by reducing the air inflow; otherwise, the whole rotating speed is improved by increasing the air input.
The flow direction of the compressed gas in the ultra-high-speed grinding head will be briefly described as follows: after compressed air enters the ultra-high-speed grinding head from the air inlet 36, after the compressed air works in the power part I, residual air is discharged through a compressed air circulation channel a1 of the power part I and enters a compressed air circulation channel a2 of the rotating speed amplifying part II, after the residual air enters the rotating speed amplifying part II, the residual air takes away heat generated by friction when the planet wheel amplifier rotates, so that the large and small planet friction wheels are cooled, then the residual air enters the ultra-high-speed main shaft part III through a compressed air circulation channel a2 and enters the compressed air chamber 35 of the suspension impeller 7 through a compressed air circulation channel a3 of the ultra-high-speed main shaft part III, and after the residual air entering the compressed air chamber 35 is compressed and expanded through ultra-high-speed rotation of the ultra-high-speed main shaft part, a circle of air film is formed around the suspension impeller 7, so that the ultra-high-speed.
It is worth to be noted that, when the driving wheel 14, the planet wheel amplifier and the ultra-high speed spindle 1 are operated at ultra-high speed, friction heat generated by the friction wheel is cooled by taking away heat through residual air exhausted after the compressed air does work, and a set of complex cooling system does not need to be used separately.
Therefore, the technical problem that the ultra-high-speed spindle in the prior art cannot support high-speed operation by using a traditional bearing is solved through the self-suspension design of the ultra-high-speed spindle; and the ultrahigh spindle rotation speed can be obtained by combining the planet wheel amplifier with the conventional power structure. In addition, after the power part I works, the power source compressed air can also play a role in cooling the large and small planetary friction wheels and enters the suspension impeller again to be utilized as a supporting air film, so that the compressed air is utilized for multiple times, and the use efficiency is greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A super high speed grinding head is characterized by comprising a super high speed main shaft part, a rotating speed amplifying part and a power part which are connected in sequence,
the rotating speed amplifying part comprises a group of big planetary friction wheels matched with the input end of the super-high-speed main shaft part, a group of small planetary friction wheels matched with the output end of the power part and a group of amplifier sub-shafts connected with the big planetary friction wheels and the small planetary friction wheels;
the big planetary friction wheel set used as the input end of the rotating speed amplifying part comprises a plurality of big planetary friction wheels which are positioned on the same plane, have the same structure and are equal in diameter; the minor planet friction wheel set serving as the output end of the rotating speed amplifying part comprises a plurality of minor planet friction wheels which are positioned on the same plane, have the same structure and the same diameter, and the number of the minor planet friction wheels, the number of the major planet friction wheels and the number of the amplifier sub-shafts are all equal;
the big planet friction wheel and the small planet friction wheel are opposite pairwise and are respectively fixed at two ends of the sub-shaft of the amplifier to form a planet wheel amplifier, and the rotating speed transmitted from the power part is transmitted to the ultra-high speed main shaft part through the planet wheel amplifier and then amplified;
the output end of the power part comprises a power part main shaft and a driving wheel sleeved at the output end of the power part main shaft, the ultra-high-speed main shaft part comprises an ultra-high-speed main shaft, all the small planetary friction wheels are tangent to the driving wheel, and all the large planetary friction wheels are tangent to the input end of the ultra-high-speed main shaft;
the super-high-speed spindle part comprises at least one suspension impeller sleeved on the super-high-speed spindle and is used for forming a circle of air film around the super-high-speed spindle to support the super-high-speed spindle to suspend;
in the ultra-high-speed grinding head, the power part is provided with a first channel, the rotating speed amplification part is provided with a second channel, the ultra-high-speed main shaft part is provided with a third channel, and the first channel, the second channel and the third channel are sequentially communicated to form a first air flow channel for the circulation of compressed air; the compressed gas is discharged from the first channel of the power part and enters the second channel of the rotating speed amplifying part, the heat generated by friction of the large and small planetary friction wheels during rotation is taken away in the second channel so that the large and small planetary friction wheels are cooled and finally enter the third channel of the super-high speed main shaft part, and a circle of gas film is formed around the super-high speed main shaft through the action of the suspension impeller in the third channel so as to support the super-high speed main shaft to suspend.
2. The ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1, wherein the number of the large planetary friction wheels and the small planetary friction wheels is three, and each of the large planetary friction wheels is tangent to each other two by two, and each of the small planetary friction wheels is tangent to each other two by two.
3. The ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the front end and the rear end of the suspension impeller are respectively provided with a suspension impeller cover plate sleeved on the ultra-high speed spindle, the suspension impeller cover plate and the ultra-high speed spindle jointly form an ultra-high speed spindle body, the front end of the ultra-high speed spindle body is provided with a gas guide plate, the ultra-high speed grinding head is internally provided with a second gas flow channel for compressed gas to circulate and communicated with the gas guide plate, the compressed gas enters the gas guide plate through the second gas flow channel, and a gas film is formed on the end face of the ultra-high speed spindle body, which is back to the suspension impeller cover plate, through a gas guide structure of the gas guide plate under the ultra-high speed rotation action of the ultra.
4. The ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 3 wherein the second air flow passage is in communication with an air guide structure, the air guide structure being formed by a ring of air guide grooves and a plurality of air guide holes uniformly distributed around the air guide grooves at the center of the end surface of the air guide plate facing away from the cover plate of the suspended impeller, the air guide grooves and the air guide holes not penetrating through the air guide plate.
5. The ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the small planetary friction wheel is smaller than or equal to that of the driving wheel, and the diameter of the large planetary friction wheel is larger than that of the ultra-high speed spindle.
6. An ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the input end of the ultra-high speed spindle and the radial face of the large planetary friction wheel are of a complimentary, slightly tapered shape.
7. A super high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the radial faces of the drive wheel and the asteroid friction wheel are of congruent slightly tapered shapes.
8. The ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output end of the power spindle is provided with a section of spring for engagement of the driving wheel with the contact surface of the power spindle.
9. A ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein both ends of the power spindle are provided with limit mechanisms for limiting axial penetration of the spindle.
10. The ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a planetary amplifier housing is sleeved with a speed amplifier housing, the front end of the speed amplifier housing is connected with the ultra-high speed main shaft part, the rear end of the speed amplifier housing is connected with the power part, a plurality of mutually independent sub-shaft fixing cavities are arranged in the speed amplifier housing, the positions and the structures of the sub-shaft fixing cavities are matched with those of the sub-shafts, and the large planetary friction wheel and the small planetary friction wheel are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end outside the sub-shaft fixing cavities; each amplifier sub-shaft penetrates through the corresponding sub-shaft fixing cavity through a sub-shaft bearing to support the big planetary friction wheel and the small planetary friction wheel at the two ends to rotate.
11. The ultra-high speed grinding head according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ultra-high speed spindle portion includes a front end cap fitted to the ultra-high speed spindle, and an inner and an outer ceramic rings are provided on a contact surface of the front end cap with the ultra-high speed spindle to support initial rotation of the ultra-high speed spindle.
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| CN201710306694.5A CN106944927B (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | A kind of ultrahigh speed bistrique |
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| CN201710306694.5A CN106944927B (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | A kind of ultrahigh speed bistrique |
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| CN106944927B true CN106944927B (en) | 2019-09-06 |
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| CN111451922B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-04-06 | 绥阳县华丰电器有限公司 | Pull-type internal polishing device |
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| JPS59219153A (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-10 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Precision finishing method of magnetic head |
| SU1247247A2 (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-07-30 | Чувашский сельскохозяйственный институт | Device for one-sided lapping of components |
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| CN201183219Y (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-01-21 | 广东科达机电股份有限公司 | Polishing grinding head |
| CN201386768Y (en) * | 2009-02-28 | 2010-01-20 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Self-locking seamless cylindrical gear driving mechanism |
| CN104454145A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-25 | 黄石炫轺者动力科技有限公司 | High-transmission-ratio suspension shaft centrifugal supercharger with planetary gear mechanism |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59219153A (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-10 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Precision finishing method of magnetic head |
| SU1247247A2 (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-07-30 | Чувашский сельскохозяйственный институт | Device for one-sided lapping of components |
| CN2579600Y (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2003-10-15 | 佛山市科信达科技有限公司 | New planet grinding head |
| CN2778598Y (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-05-10 | 陈伯禄 | Improved device for automobile power system |
| CN1888473A (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2007-01-03 | 重庆大学 | Single inputting and double outputting planetary speed reducer |
| CN201183219Y (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-01-21 | 广东科达机电股份有限公司 | Polishing grinding head |
| CN201386768Y (en) * | 2009-02-28 | 2010-01-20 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Self-locking seamless cylindrical gear driving mechanism |
| CN104454145A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-25 | 黄石炫轺者动力科技有限公司 | High-transmission-ratio suspension shaft centrifugal supercharger with planetary gear mechanism |
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| CN106944927A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
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