CN1069384A - A kind of novel thick film electric heating body and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of novel thick film electric heating body and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1069384A CN1069384A CN 91105250 CN91105250A CN1069384A CN 1069384 A CN1069384 A CN 1069384A CN 91105250 CN91105250 CN 91105250 CN 91105250 A CN91105250 A CN 91105250A CN 1069384 A CN1069384 A CN 1069384A
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Abstract
A kind of novel thick film electric heating body is made of thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, thick-film conductor electrode and thick-film conductor solder joint.Contain phosphorous oxide, lead oxide, silica, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide), boron oxide, graphite and silver in the component.The present invention adopts thick-film technique system films such as spraying, brushing, silk-screen, drying, and sintering makes the thick film electric heating body and is heated vessel or the electric heating element ground is for good and all made one.Characteristics of the present invention are: cost is low, the heat efficiency is high, energy-saving effect is remarkable, long service life, equipment simple, good manufacturability, raw material source are sufficient, be suitable for mass industrialized production, the heating wire of the alternative routine of the present invention has been widely used in field of electric heating.
Description
The invention belongs to admixing type inorganic thick film electric-heating technology, with silicate technology, printed circuit technique, soldering technology is relevant.
Electric heating appliance since coming out, had more than 100 year historical, the electric heating element of electric heating appliance adopts heating wire as electric heating body usually.Its major defect is: (1) heat efficiency is low, and (heat efficiency of open type electric furnace has only 42%-50%; The heat efficiency of electric cooker is 70%-72%); (2) cost height (nickel network heating wire per kilogram 300-380 unit must be furnished with electric furnace pan, mica sheet, asbestos board and other high temperature resistant components, electric heating system complex structure, cost is higher); (3) useful life short (during heating wire energising heating, be generally operational in the red heat state more than 800 ℃, directly be exposed to very easily oxidation in the air).Above-mentioned shortcoming at the existence of heating wire mode of heating, as far back as early fifties, propose to adopt the conception of Electric radiant Heating Film in the world as electric heating body, developed country's research work in this respect never is interrupted, but so far because the semiconductor film material that filmogen uses gold, silver, platinum and other precious metal materials or indium oxide, tin oxide and indium tin oxide etc. to mix mostly, the filming technology requirement is high, membrane equipment is complicated, cost is too expensive, make the application of Electric radiant Heating Film mode of heating only limit to space flight, minority high consumption fields such as aviation.
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of thick film electric heating body and preparation method, with traditional heating wire mode of heating and other Electric heating (as microwave oven and electromagnetic stove, the heat efficiency is 80%-85%, the cost price height belongs to the high price electric heating appliance) compare and have significant advantage and be: (1) heat efficiency height (heat efficiency can reach 93%); (2) cost low (the membrane material cost only is 0.50 yuan of/kilowatt film in 10 watts/square centimeter); (3) long service life (can reach more than 10000 hours).Compare with existing other electrothermal film technologies, has good manufacturability, equipment is simple, be suitable for mass industrialized production, raw material all are the general industry raw materials, cheap, remarkable advantages such as source abundance are for applying the technical scheme that the Electric radiant Heating Film mode of heating provides a whole set of Nover practical in field of electric heating.
The present invention is by the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, the thick-film conductor electrode and directly the thick-film conductor solder joint of soldering constitute.Adopt thick-film technique (to comprise spraying, brush, blade coating, dip-coating, thick-film techniques such as silk screen printing) directly preparation (being heated vessel and electric heating element must be made by heatproof insulating material at the heating surface of outer surface that is heated vessel or electric heating element, as glass, enamel, pottery, mica sheet, the metal of surface process insulation processing etc.), drying and sintering and forever knot ground be heated vessel or electric heating element is made one, by adjusting film formulation, membrane process, thickness and film geometric figure exactly controlling diaphragm power density (watt/square centimeter) and film gross power (watt), on the plane, can once make the film shape of any complexity on curved surface or any male and fomale(M﹠F), particularly convenient for the special circumstances of non-uniform heating or localized heating.The power density of film can be selected in 0-15 watt of/square centimeter scope as required, when forcing cooling, the film power density can reach more than 80 watts/square centimeter, the film power supply can be designed to high pressure, low pressure, interchange or direct current as required, on an electric heating products, can design several independently film shapes, pass through change over switch, change the series-parallel system of film, can regulate film power density and film gross power easily, when film is subjected to mechanical damages such as scuffing, scratch, can adopt coating method repaired easily.Whole raw material used in the present invention all are the general industry raw materials, and every kilowatt of film is only economic for (in 10 watts/square centimeter) membrane material consumption about the 3-5 gram, and the membrane material cost is extremely low, only is 0.50 yuan of/kilowatt film.The thick film electric heating body has replaced traditional heating wire, electrothermal tube, and electric heating elements such as electric hot tray have saved mica sheet, asbestos board, and accessories such as stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire are greatly simplified the electric heating system structure, and cost reduces significantly.
Electrical conduction mechanism of the present invention: in the conductive powder material, add by the thick film crosslinking agent that multiple oxide constituted, conductive powder is overlapped mutually and form microcosmos network formula conductive channel through sintering.
Energy-efficient reinforcement heat-transfer mechanism of the present invention:
1. the thick film electric heating body be heated vessel or electric heating element is made one, (contact-making surface has small concavo-convex contact-making surface between heating face and the heating surface greater than its geometric area, after the flattening, real contact area is greater than how much contact-making surfaces) constituted thermal conductive surface to greatest extent, heat transfer resistance is less.
2. 1000 watts of thick film electric heating bodies (in 10 watts/square centimeter) self thermal capacitance energy consumption of only conducting oneself with dignity about the 3-5 gram can be ignored.
3. the heat that sends of thick film electric heating body is directly absorbed by heated body (promptly being heated vessel or electric heating element) with heat exchange pattern, is in the balance heated condition all the time with heated body.For example: area is that 100 square centimeters 1000 watts thick film electric heating body preparation is in the outside, Enamel chafing dish bottom surface, when water in the pot is in 100 ℃ of azeotropic states, the film temperature is the highest to be had only about 150 ℃-180 ℃, paper or cotton directly contact also with film and it can not ignited, so low film working temperature greatly reduces the radiation and convection thermal loss, has solved under the energising heated condition, the problem of membrane material oxidation reaches more than 10000 hours the film working life.The heat efficiency of Here it is thick film electric heating products is up to 85%-93%; The mechanism that has obvious energy-saving effect than heating wire mode of heating.
The thick film Electric radiant Heating Film that the present invention proposes is by graphite (C), lead oxide (PbO), phosphorous oxide (P
2O
5), boron oxide (B
2O
3), silica (SiO
2) and cupric oxide (CuO) (or cobalt oxide CoO) form.Its component proportioning (weight %) is: graphite 10%-60%, lead oxide 30%-65%, phosphorous oxide 2%-6%, boron oxide 5%-15%, silica 1%-7%, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) 0.10%-0.80%.
The thick-film conductor electrode that the present invention proposes is by graphite (C), silver (Ag), lead oxide (PbO), phosphorous oxide (P
2O
5), boron oxide (B
2O
3), silica (SiO
2) and cupric oxide (CuO) (or cobalt oxide CoO) form.Its component proportioning (weight %) is: graphite 10%-20%, silver-colored 35%-45%, lead oxide 25%-32%, phosphorous oxide 2%-5%, boron oxide 5%-8%, silica 2%-5%, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) 0.1%-0.6%.
The thick-film conductor solder joint of the directly scolding tin that the present invention proposes is by silver (Ag), lead oxide (PbO), phosphorous oxide (P
2O
5), boron oxide (B
2O
3), silica (SiO
2) and cupric oxide (CuO) (or cobalt oxide CoO) form.Its component proportioning (weight %) is: silver-colored 97.10%-99.00%, lead oxide 1.00%-2.00%, phosphorous oxide 0.10%-0.20%, boron oxide 0.30%-0.40%, silica 0.10%-0.20%, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) 0.01%-0.10%.
Above-mentioned thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, in the component of thick-film conductor electrode and thick-film conductor solder joint, graphite is resistance filler and interfacial stress buffering filler.Silver is conductive filler and tining metallic stuffing.Lead oxide, phosphorous oxide, boron oxide, silica, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) sieve through the high heat burnout ball milling and make the thick film crosslinking agent.Wherein the effect of cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) is the softening viscosity that improves the wettability of thick film crosslinking agent and graphite and silver and reduce crosslinking agent.The non crystalline structure skeleton that lead oxide, phosphorous oxide, boron oxide, four kinds of oxides of silica are thick film crosslinking agents.The effect of three kinds of thick film crosslinking agents is softeningly in the sintering process to flow and soak into bondingly with graphite, silver, combines firm thick-film conductor electrode, thick film Electric radiant Heating Film and thick-film conductor solder joint with ground and sinter into.
Preparation method of the present invention, according to the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, the thick-film conductor electrode, three kinds of component proportionings of thick-film conductor solder joint take by weighing an amount of lead oxide, phosphorous oxide, boron oxide, silica, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide), scorification respectively under high temperature behind the mixing, the scorification temperature is 800 ℃-1200 ℃, the scorification time was 20 minutes-70 minutes, three kinds of material pieces that scorification is good, must sieve through ball milling and make three kinds of Powdered thick film crosslinking agents, the powder particle diameter of thick film Electric radiant Heating Film crosslinking agent and thick-film conductor electrode crosslinking agent is answered≤60 μ, and the powder particle diameter of thick-film conductor solder joint crosslinking agent should≤50 μ.Get suitable amount of graphite powder and thick film Electric radiant Heating Film crosslinking agent mixing according to three kinds of component proportionings then, get an amount of graphite powder, silver powder and thick-film conductor electrode crosslinking agent mixing, get an amount of silver powder and thick-film conductor solder joint crosslinking agent mixing, add an amount of terpinol respectively, the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film that furnishing viscosity is suitable, the thick-film conductor electrode, three kinds of slurries of thick-film conductor solder joint, adopt thick-film technique by technological process, the thick-film conductor electrode and the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film that prepare required figure respectively, suitable position at electrode coats the thick-film conductor solder joint, and (thickness of thick film Electric radiant Heating Film is 0.05 millimeter-0.60 millimeter.The thickness of thick-film conductor electrode is 0.10 millimeter-0.50 millimeter, and the thickness of thick-film conductor solder joint is 0.10 millimeter-0.40 millimeter) drying and the sintering thick film electric heating body that can be made into required film shape.The drying condition of thick-film conductor electrode, thick film Electric radiant Heating Film and thick-film conductor solder joint is under 150 ℃-200 ℃, dries 5 minutes-30 minutes, and sintering condition is under 450 ℃-620 ℃, sintering 6 minutes-30 minutes.The component of three kinds of thick film crosslinking agents can directly adopt the oxide that provides in the component proportioning, also can adopt the raw material of stoichiometric other compounds as five kinds of oxides in three kinds of thick film crosslinking agents.Wherein lead oxide (PbO) can be used stoichiometric PbO
2, PbCO
3, 2Pb(OH)
2Or Pb
3O
4Be raw material, boron oxide (B
2O
3) can use stoichiometric H
3BO
3Be raw material, silica (SiO
2) can be raw material at the quartz sand more than 98.5% with purity, phosphorous oxide can be used stoichiometric Ca
3(PO
4)
2Or Mg
3(PO
4)
2Be raw material, the available stoichiometric Cu of cupric oxide (CuO)
2O or CuCO
3Be raw material, the available stoichiometric Co of cobalt oxide (CoO)
2O
3Be raw material.It is 4 μ-60 μ that silver in thick-film conductor electrode and the thick-film conductor solder joint can adopt average particulate diameter, and purity is the silver powder more than 99.5%, also can adopt stoichiometric Ag
2O or Ag
2CO
3Raw material as silver.Graphite powder in thick film Electric radiant Heating Film and the thick-film conductor electrode, its particle diameter is 4 μ-60 μ, purity is 90-99.5%, terpinol is the diluent that is used for adjusting slurry viscosity, in the oven dry sintering process, diluent volatilizees totally fully, the addition of diluent (weight %) is suitable for adopting thick-film technique system film to be as the criterion for 25%-65% with slurry viscosity, available diluent also has: glycerine, propylene glycol, dibutylester, turpentine oil, camphorated oil, edible oil, lubricated wet goods, can choose wantonly wherein a kind ofly, also can mix use.
The technology of the present invention parameter:
Table one: the electric heating products performance parameter table of using the present invention's exploitation
| Sequence number | The performance parameter title | Performance parameter |
| 1 | Useful life | 〉=10000 |
| 2 | The heat efficiency | 85%-93% |
| 3 | Material cost | ≤ 0.50 yuan of/ |
| 4 | Power supply | 6V/12V/24V/36V?DC 110V／220V／380V AC.50- |
| 5 | Security performance | Meet GB or international IEC standard |
* with 10 watts/cm
2Meter
Purposes of the present invention:
1. use the present invention and can develop multiple electric heating utensil, as electric cup, electric-heating thermos, electric heating scuttlebutt, electric chafing dish, electricity watt support, electric cooker, electric heating mess tin, electric coffee pot etc.
2. use the present invention and can develop multiple electric heating appliance, as electric heating shower, electric heater, electric warm-air machine, electric ehated glass instrument, electric heating medical apparatus, electric heating platen etc.
3. use the present invention and can develop multiple electric heating element, as electric hot plate, non-metal electric heating pipe, the ultra-thin formula electric heating piece of ultralight and electric heating band, extraordinary small volume electric heating element, the far-infrared heating element of different shape etc.
4. the present invention has a wide range of applications in fields such as industry, agricultural, national defence and scientific researches.Use the present invention and replace traditional heating wire, can significantly improve efficient, cut down the consumption of energy, simplify the electric heating system structure, reduce cost, prolong electric heating element useful life.
The present invention compared with prior art has significant advantage:
1. all component is inorganic material, heatproof, moisture-proof, not aging, but withstand prolonged cold cycling.
2. thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, thick-film conductor electrode and thick-film conductor solder joint are sintered into one mutually, and conduction connects reliable.The thick-film technique system of employing film has enough conductive sections, and the current capacity ability is strong, the bigger operating current of can loading.The tolerance high current impulse withstanding capability is strong.
3. Electric radiant Heating Film, conductive electrode and conductive welding spots are the heterogeneous interior composite material of thick film, have enough flexibilities, adaptability broad to the coefficient of linear expansion of ground, be sintered into one with grounds such as the glass of different coefficient of linear expansion, pottery, enamel, mica sheets, under the long-term cold cycling state of rapid heat cycle, can not occur because the phenomenon of the membrane stress that difference the caused fracture of ground coefficient of linear expansion.
4. the thick film electric heating body is made one with the ground that is heated, and is in the balance heated condition, and the film working temperature is low, the flames of anger, safe and reliable, not oxidation, long service life.
5. realized augmentation of heat transfer, the heat efficiency is up to 93%, and energy-saving effect is remarkable.
6. all raw material are the general industry raw material, cheap, the source is sufficient, thick film electric heating body consumptive material few (in 10 watts/square centimeter), every kilowatt of film consumptive material has only the 3-5 gram, and the cost of material is low, saved auxiliary spare parts such as stone or metal plate for standing a stove on as a precaution against fire, mica sheet, asbestos board, simplified the electric heating system structure, the electric heating system cost is greatly reduced.
7. adopt thick-film technique system film, equipment is simple, good manufacturability, the rate of finished products height, accurately controlling diaphragm power (watt) and film power density (watt/square centimeter) be suitable for mass industrialized production.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:
Accompanying drawing 1-process chart of the present invention
Accompanying drawing 2-structural representation of the present invention
1-thick film Electric radiant Heating Film;
2-thick-film conductor electrode;
3-thick-film conductor solder joint;
The 4-ground that insulate.
Accompanying drawing 3-electric ware structure schematic diagram
5-thick film Electric radiant Heating Film;
6-thick-film conductor electrode;
7-thick-film conductor solder joint;
8-vessel body (pottery, glass, enamel).
Accompanying drawing 4-electric heating element structural representation
9-thick film Electric radiant Heating Film;
10-thick-film conductor electrode;
11-thick-film conductor solder joint;
The 12-ground (pottery, glass, enamel) that insulate.
The accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention.
The thick-film conductor electrode:
Table three: thick-film conductor electrode component detail list
Thick-film conductor electrode preparation method (is example for 1 kilogram with the system material):
The component proportioning that provides according to table three, take by weighing 315.8 gram lead oxide, 26.1 gram phosphorous oxide, 65.3 gram boron oxides, 26.1 gram silica, 1.7 gram cupric oxide, the mixing of materials of above-mentioned five kinds of proportional quantities is even, put into crucible, made the material piece in 60 minutes in 900 ℃ of following scorifications, ball milling 48 hours is crossed 250 mesh standard sieves, makes thick-film conductor electrode crosslinking agent.Again the component proportioning that provides according to table three take by weighing 130 gram graphite powders, 435 gram silver powder, with the conductive electrode crosslinking agent mixing made, add an amount of terpinol, be ground into the suitable thick-film conductor electrode slurry of viscosity, select for use 60 orders or 80 purpose screen printing net plates on the insulation ground, to print the thick-film conductor electrode.In 150 ℃-200 ℃ down oven dry 15 minutes, in 520 ℃ ± 10 ℃ sintering temperatures 12 minutes, resistance value≤0.5 Ω that measures every strip electrode two ends with ohmmeter was qualified.
The thick film Electric radiant Heating Film:
Table four: thick film Electric radiant Heating Film component detail list
Thick film Electric radiant Heating Film preparation method (is example for 1 kilogram with the system material):
The component proportioning that provides according to table four takes by weighing 484 gram lead oxide, 40 gram phosphorous oxide, 100 gram boron oxides, 40 gram silica, 2.7 gram cupric oxide, the mixing of materials of above five kinds of proportional quantities is even, put into crucible, in 1000 ℃ of following scorifications 60 minutes, make the material piece, ball milling 48 hours, cross 250 mesh standard sieves, it is standby to make thick film Electric radiant Heating Film crosslinking agent, the component proportioning that provides according to table four then, take by weighing 333.3 gram graphite powders, add an amount of terpinol, be modulated into the suitable thick film Electric radiant Heating Film slurry of viscosity, select for use the suitable screen printing net plate of thickness (as 60 orders) on the insulation ground, to print the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, in 150 ℃-200 ℃ down oven dry 15 minutes, sintering 13 minutes under 500 ℃ ± 10 ℃ conditions thereafter.
The thick-film conductor solder joint:
Table five: thick-film conductor solder joint component detail list
Thick-film conductor solder joint preparation method (is example for 1 kilogram with the system material):
Take by weighing 17.7 gram lead oxide, 1.5 gram phosphorous oxide, 3.6 gram boron oxides, 1.5 gram silica, 0.1 gram cobalt oxide according to table five, the mixing of materials of above five kinds of proportional quantities is even, put into crucible, in 950 ℃ of following scorifications 20 minutes, make the material piece, ball milling 50 hours, cross 300 mesh standard sieves, it is standby to make the conductive welding spots crosslinking agent, and the component proportioning that provides according to table five takes by weighing 1047.9 gram silver oxide (Ag again
2O) or 1246.9 gram silver carbonate (Ag
2CO
3) mix with the conductive welding spots crosslinking agent, add an amount of terpinol, be modulated into the suitable slurry of viscosity, after printing the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, coat conductive welding spots in electrode area, its thickness should be controlled at 0.2 millimeter-0.4 millimeter, dries simultaneously and sintering with the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film, oven dry is identical with the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film with sintering condition, Ag in sintering process
2O or AgCO
3Be reduced into the network-like silver of 975.6 grams, after the assay was approved, get final product tining, bonding wire.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of novel thick film electric heating body is characterized in that:
A. the thick-film conductor electrode is made up of graphite (C), silver (Ag), lead oxide (PbO), phosphorous oxide (P2O5), boron oxide (B2O3), silica (SiO2) and cupric oxide (CuO) (or cobalt oxide CoO).Its component proportioning (weight %) is: graphite 10%-20%, silver-colored 35%-45%, lead oxide 25%-32%, phosphorous oxide 2%-5%, boron oxide 5%-8%, silica 2%-5%, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) 0.1%-0.6%.
B. the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film is made up of graphite (C), lead oxide (PbO), phosphorous oxide (P2O5), boron oxide (B2O3), silica (SiO2) and cupric oxide (CuO) (or cobalt oxide CoO), and its component proportioning (weight %) is: graphite 10%-60%, lead oxide 30%-65%, phosphorous oxide 2%-6%, boron oxide 5%-15%, silica 1%-7%, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) 0.10%-0.80%.
C. the thick-film conductor solder joint is made up of silver (Ag), lead oxide (PbO), phosphorous oxide (P2O5), boron oxide (B2O3), silica (SiO2), cupric oxide (CuO) (or cobalt oxide CoO), and its component proportioning (weight %) is: silver-colored 97.10%-99.00%, lead oxide 1.00%-2.00%, phosphorous oxide 0.10-0.20%, boron oxide 0.30%-0.40%, silica 0.10%-0.20%, cupric oxide (or cobalt oxide) 0.01-0.10%.
2,, it is characterized in that lead oxide (PbO), phosphorous oxide (P according to the preparation method of claim 1 described thick film electric heating body
2O
5), boron oxide (B
2O
3), silica (SiO
2), behind cupric oxide (CuO) (or cobalt oxide CoO) mixing,, make the material piece in 800 ℃ of-1200 ℃ of following scorifications 20 minutes-70 minutes, sieve through ball milling and make three kinds of powder thick film crosslinking agents.The powder particle diameter of thick film Electric radiant Heating Film crosslinking agent and thick-film conductor electrode crosslinking agent≤60 μ, the powder particle diameter of thick-film conductor solder joint crosslinking agent≤50 μ.
3, according to claim 2 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that in thick-film conductor electrode crosslinking agent, adding graphite, silver and diluent, be modulated into the suitable slurry of viscosity, adopt thick-film technique, make film on the insulation ground, the oven dry back promptly can be made into the thick-film conductor electrode in 450 ℃ of-620 ℃ of following sintering 6-30 minutes.
4, according to claim 2 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that in thick film Electric radiant Heating Film crosslinking agent, adding graphite and diluent, be modulated into the suitable slurry of viscosity, adopt thick-film technique, make film on the insulation ground, the oven dry back promptly can be made into the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film in 450 ℃ of-620 ℃ of following sintering 6-30 minutes.
5, according to claim 2 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that in thick-film conductor solder joint crosslinking agent, adding silver and diluent, be modulated into the suitable slurry of viscosity, adopt thick-film technique to be coated with solder joint and thick film Electric radiant Heating Film and dry simultaneously with sintering and promptly can be made into the thick-film conductor solder joint at the suitable position of electrode.
6, according to claim 1 described thick film electric heating body, the raw material that it is characterized in that graphite is a graphite powder.
7,, it is characterized in that the raw material of silver is silver powder or silver oxide (Ag according to claim 1 described thick film electric heating body
2O) or silver carbonate (Ag
2CO
3).
8, according to claim 1 described thick film electric heating body, the thickness that it is characterized in that the thick film Electric radiant Heating Film is the 0.05-0.60 millimeter, and the thickness of thick-film conductor electrode is the 0.10-0.50 millimeter, and the thickness of thick-film conductor solder joint is the 0.10-0.40 millimeter.
9, according to claim 3,4,5, described diluent is characterized in that using terpinol, glycerine, propylene glycol, dibutylester, turpentine oil, camphorated oil, and edible oil or lubricating oil is as diluent, can choose wantonly wherein a kind ofly, also can mix use.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91105250 CN1069384A (en) | 1991-08-03 | 1991-08-03 | A kind of novel thick film electric heating body and preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91105250 CN1069384A (en) | 1991-08-03 | 1991-08-03 | A kind of novel thick film electric heating body and preparation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1069384A true CN1069384A (en) | 1993-02-24 |
Family
ID=4907060
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91105250 Pending CN1069384A (en) | 1991-08-03 | 1991-08-03 | A kind of novel thick film electric heating body and preparation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1069384A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100499944C (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2009-06-10 | 卫民 | A making technology for thick film electric heater |
| CN104327554A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-02-04 | 威海东方润德新材料有限公司 | Electric heating paint |
| CN104853458A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-19 | 杜启明 | Electric heater and electric heating type household appliance |
| CN108652439A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-16 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Insulating pot |
-
1991
- 1991-08-03 CN CN 91105250 patent/CN1069384A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100499944C (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2009-06-10 | 卫民 | A making technology for thick film electric heater |
| CN104327554A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-02-04 | 威海东方润德新材料有限公司 | Electric heating paint |
| CN104853458A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-08-19 | 杜启明 | Electric heater and electric heating type household appliance |
| CN108652439A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-16 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Insulating pot |
| CN108652439B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2021-10-15 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Electric kettle |
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