CN106934149A - A kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd noise stack result in space - Google Patents
A kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd noise stack result in space Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd noise stack result in space, the Forecasting Methodology the present invention relates to calculate crowd's noise stack result in space.The present invention is in order to solve the problems, such as that formula computational methods precision is low and emulated computation method workload is big.Step of the present invention is：Step one：Crowd in space is sampled, and is obtained apart from acoustic pressure DBMS pair；Step 2：According to obtained in step one apart from acoustic pressure DBMS to fitting noise acoustic energy with range attenuation curve；Step 3：Be fitted noise acoustic energy according to step 2 carries out noise acoustic energy superposition with range attenuation curve；Step 4：According to the result that noise acoustic energy in step 3 is superimposed, noise profile figure is obtained.Computation model of the present invention can be greatly lowered test or simulation work amount in the case where reasonable accuracy is ensured, it is the ratio between crowd's number and number of sampling to reduce amplitude, between 10 times to 1000 times.The present invention predicts field for crowd noises.
Description
Technical field
Forecasting Methodology the present invention relates to calculate crowd's noise stack result in space, is related to noise prediction field.
Background technology
It is always the important theme for being related to masses' personal safety as well as the property safety to evacuate, the crowd's meeting in being evacuated under emergency case
Mutual cross streams and calling for help, produce very big ambient noise, both the mutual cross streams between influence crowd, and the clear of broadcast is evacuated in also influence
Clear degree, so as to reduce evacuation efficiency, produces unnecessary loss.And number of evacuation is more, the global noise of generation can non-thread
The increase of property, this phenomenon is referred to as " cocktail party effect ".The noise level that crowd produces how is predicted in this case
As important research project.
Traditional technical method of crowd noises prediction is that indoor sound pressure level computing formula is calculated and computer simulation software
Simulation.The shortcoming that formula is calculated is to calculate inaccurate, and this formula is based on diffusion sound field it is assumed that to be mainly used in space less
In room, such as classroom and industrial premises, in larger space, diffusion sound field assumes substantially invalid, therefore this formula
Accuracy has natural defect.And the result of calculation that computer simulation is based on each sound source is superimposed, apply in general to single
Sound source or the less sound source of number, the sound source number of usual software support are no more than 200, and sound source more than this numerical value needs consumption
The calculating time for taking flood tide cannot even calculate at all.
The Evacuation number for calculating crowd noises is needed in space generally more than 100 people, or even to there are people up to ten thousand same
When situation in an evacuation space, this is accomplished by new technological means to predict the noise water that such flood tide crowd produces
It is flat.
The content of the invention
The present invention is, in order to solve the problems, such as that formula computational methods precision is low and emulated computation method workload is big, and to propose
A kind of calculating crowd noise stack result in space Forecasting Methodology.
A kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd noise stack result in space is realized according to the following steps：
Step one：Crowd in space is sampled, and obtains distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pair；
Step 2：According to the distance obtained in step one-acoustic pressure DBMS to fitting noise acoustic energy with range attenuation curve；
Step 3：Be fitted noise acoustic energy according to step 2 carries out noise acoustic energy superposition with range attenuation curve；
Step 4：According to the result that noise acoustic energy in step 3 is superimposed, noise profile figure is obtained.
Invention effect：
The present invention passes through for the problem that formula computational accuracy is low and simulation calculation difficulty workload is big in the prior art
The simulation of finite number point or field test, must there emerged a point source of sound attenuation law in space, and then pre- by this rule
The noise Overlay that the sound source of greater number is produced is surveyed, compared with the method that indoor sound pressure level computing formula is directly calculated, greatly
Amplitude improves counting accuracy, and according to measured data, its computational accuracy brings up to 1dB from 3dB, with simple computer simulation phase
Than test or simulation work amount is greatly lowered, it is the ratio between crowd's number and number of sampling to reduce the amplitude of simulation work amount, is led to
Often between 10 times to 1000 times.The result of calculating can (according to domestic and foreign literature, usual unilateral length be more than used as large space
The space of 50m can be referred to as large space) in electroacoustic design, evacuate the design of the aspects such as guiding system, emergency warning system according to
According to.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Forecasting Methodology schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is matched curve and fitting formula schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is initial time personnel's distribution figure；
Fig. 5 is t personnel's distribution figure；
Personnel's distribution figure when Fig. 6 is t+120s；
Personnel's distribution figure when Fig. 7 is t+240s；
Fig. 8 is the noise profile figure of t；
Fig. 9 is the noise profile figure at t+120 seconds moment；
Figure 10 is the noise profile figure at t+240 seconds moment.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one：As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the prediction of a kind of calculating crowd noise stack result in space
Method is comprised the following steps：
Step one：Crowd in space is sampled, and obtains distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pair；
Step 2：According to the distance obtained in step one-acoustic pressure DBMS to fitting noise acoustic energy with range attenuation curve；
Step 3：Be fitted noise acoustic energy according to step 2 carries out noise acoustic energy superposition with range attenuation curve；
Step 4：According to the result that noise acoustic energy in step 3 is superimposed, noise profile figure is obtained.
The scope of application of the invention：
(1) require that crowd's number is enough so that single acoustic source separation difference can be ignored, it is considered that should be in 50 people
More than.
(2) larger space：The ratio between space plane full-size is no more than 1：3 larger space.
Final calculation result
(1) result of calculation that can be as shown in formula (1)；
(2) can also be certain point NF；
(3) can also be noise profile figure as shown in a in Fig. 4；
(4) can also be a, b, c noise dynamic image for changing over time that continuous solving does not draw in the same time in Fig. 4；
(5) other forms of expression derived on the basis of and four more than.
Can will determine that the final numerical value of coefficient is considered as Credence test result in calculating process of the present invention (2), if it is determined that
Coefficient is believed that result of calculation has rational confidence level more than 0.9, then.
Specific embodiment two：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one：Sampled in the step one
Mode is field test or Computer Simulation, and number of samples is m, and m is the even number more than 8, and each sampled point is set to
Sampling point source of sound.
Sampling process be in a large amount of crowds first in space uniform sampling m (m is recommended as the idol more than more than 8
Number), if require supplementation with sampling sound source number and determined by follow-up result of calculation.
Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment three：Present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one or two：In the step one
Detailed process to distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pair is：
The distance between test point, two test points of arbitrary neighborhood are uniformly arranged in space less than or equal to 5 meters, at each
Sampling point source of sound sets single without sound source sounding successively is pointed to, and in the independent sounding of each sound source, records the sound of all test points
The distance between arbitrarily downgrade with each test point and sounding sound source, obtain m group distance-acoustic pressure DBMSs pair.
Test point will be evenly arranged in space, it is ensured that interval is no more than 5m between each test point.In each sampling sound source
Point sets single without sound source sounding one by one is pointed to, in the independent sounding of each sound source, record all test points sound pressure level and this
The distance between test point and sounding sound source.(the noise acoustic energy evaluating such as sound pressure level or A sound levels, the present invention can be used
In by taking sound pressure level as an example illustrate).Obtain sound source array " distance-sound pressure level " data pair of sampling.
Other steps and parameter are identical with specific embodiment one or two.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：The step 2
It is middle fitting noise acoustic energy be with the detailed process of range attenuation curve：
P group distance-acoustic pressure DBMSs pair are taken out from the centering of m group distance-acoustic pressure DBMSs, p takes m/2 and m/2 ± 1, will select
The p groups distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pairing that goes out and in database k, and it is fitted, obtain fitting formula：
Y=a ln (x)+b (1)
Wherein y is sound pressure level, x be test point away from sound source distance, a, b are the determination coefficient of fitting formula；
Remaining m-p groups data are sequentially added in database k, and the determination coefficient that will be obtained every time is true with previous
Coefficients comparison is determined, untill determining coefficient without increase；
If m-p group data are each added in database k, the determination coefficient for obtaining for the last time once compares with preceding, if
There is increase, then re-execute step one, obtain distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pair, sequentially add database k and calculate, until determining
Untill coefficient is without increase, the formula of last time fitting is the fitting formula tried to achieve.As shown in figure 3, R in figure2As determine
Coefficient.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four：The step 3
In carry out the detailed process of noise acoustic energy superposition and be：
By 3 d space coordinate, if the coordinate value of the test point in space is (RX,RY,RZ), each sounding sound source position
Coordinate is put for (SX,SY,SZ), then distance of the test point away from sound source is：
Distance of the test point that will be obtained in formula (2) away from sound source, brings into fitting formula (1), tries to achieve each sound source and exists
The sound pressure level of this test point；N point source of sound is provided with, the sound pressure level of each point source of sound is SPL1~SPLn, then institute's sound source survey herein
Institute's sound source is superposed in the noise acoustic energy of this receiving station in the overall sound pressure level of pilot, i.e. space：
Formula (3) can also be expressed as：
SPLtotal=10log10(10^(SPL1/10)+10^(SPL2/10)+…+10^(SPLn/10))
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five：The step 4
In obtain the detailed process of noise profile figure and be：
According to the noise acoustic energy stack result of each test point in the space that formula (3) is tried to achieve, using difference arithmetic, sky is obtained
Between in noise profile contour map；
If sound source is with time fluctuation, the noise acoustic energy stack result at each time point is obtained, generate making an uproar for Time Continuous
Sound changes in distribution Dynamic Graph.Due to crowd's sounding feature, different time its sound source is change, will not be static constant.
Other steps and parameter are identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Embodiment one：
This example will be simulated during evacuation carries out, in space all personnel simultaneously sounding when sound field situation.It is initially empty
Interior to have 10000 people, with the reduction of personnel's number, sound field constantly occurs to change in space.First, it is soft with simulation is evacuated
Part simulates personnel positions not in the same time.Initial personnel amount, position entry personnel are evacuated into simulation softward SIMULEX, it is right
Ha Er Railway Passenger Stations waiting hall carries out evacuating personnel motion simulation.Totally 36 outlets in the hall, wherein thing both sides inspection
Ticket gate mouthful 18, south orientation exit 8, north orientation exit 10.Red spots represent the personnel for participating in evacuation, in personnel component
Male 53.2%, women 41.5%, old man 3.6%, children 1.2%.Gate width 0.6m, accessible gate side one is wide
It is 0.9m to spend.The initial time evacuated during 0s, ticket checking area's density of personnel is 1.67 people/m2, evacuated in the middle of seat region and hall
0.5 people of passage density of personnel/m2, each region is uniformly distributed.This analog result has drawn the overhead time of Harbin Railway Passenger Stations
Deck evacuate during personnel's distribution is not as Figure 4-Figure 7 in the same time.
Shown in Fig. 4-Fig. 7, analog result draw evacuation carry out during personnel positions coordinate, it is assumed that in space arrange
120 receiving points, calculate 120 distances of receiving point of everyone and this respectively.According to formula (1) (2), it is possible to calculate 1
Personal sounding, the sound pressure level that this 120 receiving points are respectively received.To calculate least favorable situation, it is assumed that owner sends out
Sound, its sound pressure level is 90dB.By 10000 people while sounding, reaches 120 sound pressure levels accumulations of receiving points, according to formula
(3) situation of whole sound field, is drawn.The present embodiment relative to simple analogue simulation, in the case where reasonable accuracy is ensured
Simulation work amount is reduced, reduction amplitude is 83.3 times of original amount of calculation.Calculated relative to traditional formula, according to actual measurement
Data, its computational accuracy brings up to 1dB from 3dB.
Personnel's noise that the initial time evacuated and evacuation proceed to t is calculated respectively, the data obtained is led
In entering contour software Surfer.Noise pattern during drawing evacuation and carrying out, is shown in Fig. 8-Figure 10.
Claims (6)
1. the Forecasting Methodology of a kind of calculating crowd noise stack result in space, it is characterised in that the Forecasting Methodology includes
Following steps：
Step one：Crowd in space is sampled, and obtains distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pair；
Step 2：According to the distance obtained in step one-acoustic pressure DBMS to fitting noise acoustic energy with range attenuation curve；
Step 3：Be fitted noise acoustic energy according to step 2 carries out noise acoustic energy superposition with range attenuation curve；
Step 4：According to the result that noise acoustic energy in step 3 is superimposed, noise profile figure is obtained.
2. a kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd according to claim 1 noise stack result in space, its feature exists
In the mode sampled in the step one is field test or Computer Simulation, and number of samples is m, and m is the idol more than 8
Number, point source of sound of sampling is set to by each sampled point.
3. a kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd according to claim 2 noise stack result in space, its feature exists
In the detailed process that distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pair is obtained in the step one is：
The distance between test point, two test points of arbitrary neighborhood are uniformly arranged in space less than or equal to 5 meters, in each sampling
Point source of sound sets single without sound source sounding successively is pointed to, and in the independent sounding of each sound source, records the sound pressure level of all test points
The distance between with each test point and sounding sound source, obtain m group distance-acoustic pressure DBMSs pair.
4. a kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd according to claim 3 noise stack result in space, its feature exists
In noise acoustic energy is fitted in the step 2 is with the detailed process of range attenuation curve：
P group distance-acoustic pressure DBMSs pair are taken out from the centering of m group distance-acoustic pressure DBMSs, p takes m/2 or m/2 ± 1, the p that will be selected
Group distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pairing is simultaneously arrived in database k, and it is fitted, and obtains fitting formula：
Y=a ln (x)+b (1)
Wherein y is sound pressure level, x be test point away from sound source distance, a, b are the determination coefficient of fitting formula；
Remaining m-p groups data are sequentially added in database k, and the determination coefficient that will be obtained every time determines system with previous
Number compares, untill determining coefficient without increase；
If m-p group data are each added in database k, the determination coefficient for obtaining for the last time once compares with preceding, if there is increasing
Plus, then step one is re-executed, distance-acoustic pressure DBMS pair is obtained, sequentially add database k and calculate, until determining coefficient
Untill increase, the formula of last time fitting is the fitting formula tried to achieve.
5. a kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd according to claim 4 noise stack result in space, its feature exists
In the detailed process that noise acoustic energy superposition is carried out in the step 3 is：
By 3 d space coordinate, if the coordinate value of the test point in space is (RX,RY,RZ), each sounding sound source position is sat
It is designated as (SX,SY,SZ), then distance of the test point away from sound source is：
Distance of the test point that will be obtained in formula (2) away from sound source, brings into fitting formula (1), tries to achieve each sound source and surveys herein
The sound pressure level of pilot；N point source of sound is provided with, the sound pressure level of each point source of sound is SPL1~SPLn, then institute's sound source is in this test point
Overall sound pressure level, i.e., institute's sound source is superposed in the noise acoustic energy of this receiving station in space：
6. a kind of Forecasting Methodology of calculating crowd according to claim 5 noise stack result in space, its feature exists
In the detailed process that noise profile figure is obtained in the step 4 is：
According to the noise acoustic energy stack result of each test point in the space that formula (3) is tried to achieve, using difference arithmetic, in obtaining space
Noise profile contour map；
If sound source is with time fluctuation, the noise acoustic energy stack result at each time point is obtained, generate the noise point of Time Continuous
Cloth changes Dynamic Graph.
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| CN112863540A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-05-28 | 睿捷国际股份有限公司 | Sound source distribution visualization method and computer program product |
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