CN104346531A - Hospital acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model - Google Patents

Hospital acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model Download PDF

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CN104346531A
CN104346531A CN201410606574.3A CN201410606574A CN104346531A CN 104346531 A CN104346531 A CN 104346531A CN 201410606574 A CN201410606574 A CN 201410606574A CN 104346531 A CN104346531 A CN 104346531A
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pressure level
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CN104346531B (en
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谢辉
康健
邓智骁
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a hospital acoustic environment simulation system based on a social force model. The system comprises a behavioral model and an acoustic model, wherein the behavioral model comprises a sound production spacing module, a duration module, a sound production position module and a sound production intensity module; the acoustic model comprises an outdoor noise module and an indoor sound field module; the system can defines each room in a hospital as an interactive Agent; when a certain sound source in the Agent is activated, firstly the sound production spacing module, the duration module, the sound production position module and the sound production intensity module in the behavioral model constitute basic attributes of a sound source sound production behavior; then sound transmission is simulated through the outdoor noise module and the indoor sound field module in the acoustic model, so that the initial sound pressure level in a receiving point position is obtained through computation; then the final sound pressure level in the receiving point position is determined by comparing the initial sound pressure level with a background noise sound pressure level and judging the quantity of sound production sound sources at identical time; finally, the plane distribution situation of an indoor sound field is computed through an interpolation method according to plane positions of all receiving points in the Agent and the final sound pressure levels of the receiving points.

Description

A kind of hospital's acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of acoustics, particularly a kind of acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model being applied to hospital.
Background technology
The psychology of noise on human and physiological impact have to be inquired into for many years, especially has sizable harmful effect to the comfortable of patient and rehabilitation.According to many measured results, the actual noise value of hospital of various countries on average exceeds 15 decibels than the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO) usually, and limited, even wrong parameters,acoustic is only simply considered in research before.Therefore hospital's acoustics is one of research intersection focus of American-European acoustics and medical domain in recent years.
Chinese patent 201110090467.6 discloses " the abnormal Aggregation behaviour detection method based on the social force model improved "; Chinese patent 201110309444.X discloses " supervisory system based on social force model "; Chinese patent 201210065523.5 discloses " the crowd's accident detection method based on LBP weighting social force model "; Although above-mentioned patent is all based on social force model, all do not relate to hospital's acoustic environment simulation system.Chinese patent CN103440411A discloses " based on exposed population group area the traffic noise pollution model of acoustic environment functional areas ", but this patent does not relate to the application of social force model in the acoustic environment of hospital yet.Chinese patent 201280050836.1 discloses, and " medical monitoring system based on the phonetic analysis in medical environment " achieves the monitoring provided based on the phonetic analysis in medical environment, but this patent do not relate to yet application social force model hospital's acoustic environment is simulated.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly the deficiency in order to overcome above-mentioned background technology, and proposes a kind of acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model being applied to hospital.The present invention carrying out on investigation basis to hospital's acoustic environment characteristic, researchs and proposes a set of based on social force model, improves hospital's acoustic environment, assists Case treatment and rehabilitation, raising working doctor efficiency, and then improve the technical scheme of Economic Benefit of Hospital.
The present invention relates to the hospital's acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model, current first system that the noise behavior in hospital environment is combined with parameters,acoustic based on social force model, each room in hospital can be defined as an interactively Agent by system, use and expansion demand to meet to greatest extent, wherein contain the variable different more than 200 and form necessary parameters,acoustic, behavioral parameters, formula and interactive component, can the acoustic environment situation in each room in simulating hospital simultaneously.
The kernel of this simulation system is made up of 2 models, is behavior model and acoustic model respectively, is undertaken alternately, as shown in Figure 1 between two models by formula.Sound source is the variable in Agent, and often kind of sound source all switches at sounding with under stopping sounding two states.When certain sound source in Agent is activated, first by 4 base attributes of the sounding interval module in behavior model, duration module, sounding position module, intensity of phonation module composition sound source; Then, by the outdoor noise module in acoustic model and room sound field module, the propagation to sound is simulated, and calculates the initial sound pressure level size at acceptance point place; Again by more initial sound pressure level and ground unrest sound pressure level, and judge that the sound source quantity of same time sounding is to determine the final sound pressure level at acceptance point place.Finally, according to the planimetric position of each acceptance point in Agent, and the final sound pressure level size at acceptance point place, the plane distribution situation of room sound field is drawn by interpolation calculation.
4 modules comprised in behavior model cover 4 base attributes of typical sound source in hospital (as voice, step, equipment sound, go-cart sound etc.) respectively: sounding interval, utterance duration, sounding position, intensity of phonation.
Sounding interval module: often kind of noise source in hospital all exists sounding and not sounding two states, sounding interval module is integrated with some typical sound sources in hospital and stops to data interval time sounding next time from sounding.The sounding interval of these noise sources may be fixing, random, or meets certain probability distribution.Such as, there is certain rhythm and pace of moving things in the alarm sound of some Medical Devices or work noise, so their sounding interval is relatively stable; And patient and the medical personnel interval when speaking may be very random, so the sounding interval of various typical sound source all needs to carry out a large amount of measuring behavior, after obtaining enough observation datas, recycling statistical analysis calculates the probability distribution of sounding interval time, and probability Distribution Model is imported in the middle of sounding interval module.
Utterance duration module: the duration data being integrated with the sounding in pink noise source in hospital, namely sound source from sounding to the duration stopped sounding.This module is the same with sounding interval module, and in module, data are based on a large amount of noise measuring behavior.
Sounding position module: this module has three functions, 1. the planimetric position of localization of sound source, in order to make model more press close to truth, uses the grid of 50cm*50cm to guarantee auditory localization accuracy in module; 2. judge the mobile attribute of sound source, in actual hospital environment, Medical Devices are generally static when sounding, and patient or medical personnel's voice may be static, also may move in time; 3. judge the quantity of sound source, if there is multi-acoustical in a room, sounding position module can locate the position of each sound source simultaneously.
Intensity of phonation module: the size of the sound pressure level in this module integration hospital during some typical sound source sounding and frequency spectrum data, comprise voice, footsteps, the sound of ventilation equipment and the sound of various Medical Devices.By field survey and measuring behavior, find that wherein a part of sound source exists multiple different intensity of phonation and frequency spectrum, such as, voice intensity can be divided into 3 grades, as shown in the table; Cardiac monitor can send 3 kinds of varying strengths and frequency spectrum usually chimes of doom when judging the crisis situations of monitor patients represents generally urgent, more promptly and very urgent situation respectively; Lung ventilator exhale and air-breathing time intensity of phonation and frequency spectrum also different.
Table 3 grade is spoken the spectrum distribution (dB) of sound
After in Agent, the parameter of sound source song behavior is determined, data can import in acoustic model the initial sound pressure level size calculating acceptance point place into, wherein outdoor noise module in charge counting chamber external noise is to the disturbed condition of room sound field, and room sound field module in charge calculated room geometric parameter, indoor sound absorbing capabilities are on the impact of indoor sound transmission.
Outdoor noise module: for calculate be positioned at hospital room outside noise on the impact of room sound field.In hospital, the noise in corridor can import indoor into through door and the partition wall corridor and room, and outdoor noise also can import indoor into by window and other enclosed structures.Therefore, the outdoor sound pressure level input end of this module integration, sound insulation of wall performance database and sound insulation computing formula, door and window sound insulation property database and opening and closing situation.
Sound insulation of wall coefficients R wcomputing formula,
For homogenous material light partition wall: R w=D nT, w-10log (T/T r)+10log (ST/0.16V)+7
For masonry or concrete partition: R w=D nT, w-10log (T/T r)+10log (ST/0.16V)+4
For mixed structure partition wall: R ave=10log (1/ τ ave)=10log (∑ S i/ ∑ τ is i)
Wherein, D nT, wrepresent that indoor-outdoor air sound insulates against sound the weighted standardization sound pressure level difference measured at the scene;
S represents the area of indoor and outdoor party wall, and unit is (m 2);
S iif represent that indoor and outdoor partition wall exists multiple component, and when the sound insulation property of component is inconsistent, the area of often kind of partiting sound member, unit is (m 2);
V represents chamber volume, and unit is (m 3);
T represents the room reverberation time, and unit is (s);
T rrepresent with reference to the reverberation time, replace with constant 0.8 (s);
τ represents the propagation coefficient of sound.
Room sound field module: be positioned at the inner sound source of hospital room to the impact of room sound field for calculating.The propagation condition of sound in indoor determines primarily of ward size and its surperficial acoustical absorption coefficient two indices.Because ward is relative to other acoustic space small volumes, ward can be calculated as approximate diffuse sound field according to classical room acoustics theory.Therefore, determine the sounding situation of sound source, ward size, after on average absorbing sound with its surface, utilize classical indoor sound pressure level computing formula accurately can calculate the sound pressure level size at indoor reception point place.So, this module using above ward size and surperficial acoustical absorption coefficient as regulated variable, for the sound field situation in different size and sound absorption characteristics room in simulating reality environment.Because indoor sound pressure level computing formula is applicable to the diffusion field of small volume, so carried out size restriction to the length in room, can to being no more than 120m 2room simulate.
Indoor sound pressure level computing formula
Indoor instantaneous sound pressure level (diffusion field) during simple sund source sounding:
Wherein, L prepresent acceptance point place sound pressure level size, unit is (dB);
L wfor sound pressure level size during noise source sounding, unit is (dB);
R represents the distance between acceptance point and noise source, and unit is (m);
S represents the area summation on indoor each surface, and unit is (m 2);
represent chamber internal surface average sound absorption coefficient;
The indoor instantaneous sound pressure level of sounding while of multiple sound source:
Wherein, L sumrepresent that the complex sound at acceptance point place is arbitrarily downgraded size, unit is (dB);
L 1, L 2..., L nrepresent the sound pressure level size L of the single noise source in acceptance point place p, unit is (dB);
When noise source moves: r = ( x i - x j ) 2 + ( y i - y j ) 2 )
Wherein, r represents the distance between noise source and acceptance point;
X i, y irepresent horizontal ordinate and the ordinate of noise source respectively;
X j, y jrepresent horizontal ordinate and the ordinate of acceptance point respectively;
When carrying out the calculating of final sound pressure level and indoor sound pressure level distribution situation, as shown in Figure 2, the first step compares by the initial sound pressure level size at acceptance point place and the sound pressure level size of ground unrest, if acceptance point sound pressure level is greater than ground unrest, then enters second step; If the sound pressure level at acceptance point place is less than ground unrest, then this sound source is judged as ground unrest; The while that second step being by judging whether there is multi-acoustical in Agent, sounding determines the final sound pressure level size at acceptance point place, if be single sound source sounding, then this acceptance point sound pressure level size is final sound pressure level size, if be multi-acoustical simultaneously sounding, then the final sound pressure level size at this acceptance point place is that the complex sound drawn after the sound pressure level of multi-acoustical superposes is arbitrarily downgraded size.Finally, according to the position of each acceptance point indoor, and the final sound pressure level size at acceptance point place, the plane distribution situation of room sound field is drawn by interpolation calculation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the Technology Roadmap of the acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model,
Fig. 2 illustrates the process flow diagram that sound pressure level of the present invention calculates,
Fig. 3 illustrates embodiments of the invention, the optimum configurations figure of one of them Agent,
Fig. 4 illustrates embodiments of the invention, system cloud gray model surface chart,
Fig. 5 illustrates embodiments of the invention, the curve control figure of analog result and measured result, (a) private room, (b) 4 ward, the human world,
Fig. 6 illustrates embodiments of the invention, the sound-filed simulation figure of two imitating wards (private room and 4 wards, the human world).
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is described.The acoustic environment of this system to 3 wards of the Intensive Care Therapy section (ICU) of certain hospital is utilized to simulate.
Set up the Anylogic model of hospital on the spot according to situation of investigating, wherein behavior model and acoustic model apply the parameter that relates to more than 200 in each Agent, as shown in Figure 3.This acoustic model can be arbitrarily downgraded to the single-frequency sound of random site arbitrary in room and be predicted, simultaneously noise data has stronger visual, all demonstrates dirigibility and the adaptability of this simulation system.
The region represented by frame 1-3 is selected to be parameter in acoustic model in Fig. 3.Select in frame 1 and contain random number acoustical generator, the ward that the needs of acoustical absorption coefficient and screening are simulated; Select the size (length) containing ward in frame 2, the position of sound source and acceptance point; The sound pressure level that contains ground unrest sound pressure level and acceptance point place in frame 3 and single-frequency sound is selected to arbitrarily downgrade.
Select the region represented by frame 4 to be the kind of noise source, according to actual conditions, in ward, mainly contain 6 kinds of different noise sources, be respectively speak, lung ventilator, cardiac monitor, infusion pump, humidifier, nasal feeding intubate.User, except adding noise source from song behavior data, also can create voluntarily, and can activate the noise source of having added or shield.Due to the time period at field survey, patient in ward, is not had to use nasal feeding intubate, so nasal feeding intubate in Fig. 3 is as the conductively-closed of non-existent noise source.
Select the region represented by frame 5-8 to be parameter in behavior model, select frame 5-6 to include the intensity of phonation of often kind of noise source, sounding interval and utterance duration.Select frame 7-8 to contain the ratio of the different intensity of phonation of certain sound source, and the situation that whether there is multiple noise source judge.
In order to verify dirigibility and the accuracy of social force acoustic model, the parameters,acoustic in model, comprising the length in ward, form and average sound absorption coefficient and all coming to the same thing with field survey.This is to 2 of ICU 3 Agent that between private room and 1,4 wards, the human world are set up, and due to the size of 2 private rooms, function is substantially identical with layout, so the behavior model in these two wards all adopts identical setting.Between often, the inside, ward (Agent) arranges 5 acoustic reception points, and one of them is at the center in ward, other 4 positions be arranged in apart from 0.8 meter, corner, 4, ward.Simulated time is set to 1000 minutes, and system interface during dry run as shown in Figure 4.
Model result shows, noise grade in these three wards is obvious at each frequency place level, wherein occupy an leading position with the high frequency of 2kHz, this is because the cardiac monitor in ICU ward is as a main sound source, the dominant frequency of its alarm sound is just in time at about 2kHz, and intensity of phonation is high, and origination interval is with all shorter than other sound sources, the noise simulation result finally caused in ward is more concentrated at 2kHz, very consistent with measured result.Except typical noise source, ground unrest also has obvious impact to sound pressure level simulation.In same room, the sound pressure level at 5 acceptance point places is substantially identical, and these 5 acceptance point place time dependent curve conformities of sound pressure level are very high, reaches the basic stage overlapped; For the noise behavior occurring in diverse location, the display on all acceptance points is almost synchronous.And the acceptance point of same position exists significant difference in the instantaneous sound pressure level put sometime in different ward, these all match with real measurement situation.
For a simulation system, checking is carried out to its practicality and reliability and is very important.By to equivalent sound pressure level L in single and many people ward aeqand weighted sound pressure level L (dBA) a95(dBA), L a90(dBA), L a50(dBA), L a10(dBA), L a5(dBA), the contrast (Fig. 5) of these 6 acoustics index, find this simulation system to ICU private room and the sound pressure level analog result in many people ward and the result degree of agreement of field survey very high, it is reliable for demonstrating this system for simulating hospital acoustic environment.
L a95representing in measuring has the sound pressure level of 95% to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to ground unrest;
L a90representing in measuring has the sound pressure level of 90% to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to ground unrest;
L a50representing in measuring has the sound pressure level of 50% to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to average noise;
L a10representing in measuring has the sound pressure level of 10% to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to peak noise;
L a5representing in measuring has the sound pressure level of 5% to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to peak noise.
Although analog result is at L a10and L a5the error of two indices and measured result is relatively large, but is all no more than 2dBA.Illustrative system is to ground unrest (L a95,l a90) and average sound pressure level (L a50) simulation want comparison peak noise (L a10,l a5) simulation more accurate, this is because peak noise is normally caused by the noise behavior event of small probability, such as thing drops, the hydropac etc. of Medical Devices, the randomness that these noises produce and the uncertain accuracy that have impact on system and simulate burst noise.
According to the position of the different acceptance point in indoor, and the final sound pressure level size at acceptance point place, the distribution situation of equivalent sound pressure level at night each position in room plane in ICU private room and many people ward is drawn by interpolation calculation, and present with the formal intuition of Noise map, as shown in Figure 6, although the sound-filed simulation in two wards is very even, but can find noise-sensitive region, a few place.Such as, more outstanding in the Medical Devices putting position noise ratio of the private room head of a bed, be the impact due to Medical Devices chimes of doom; In 4 wards, the human world, the noise ratio in middle public aisle is more outstanding, is because medical personnel speak relatively frequent in this region.
Noise map is except calculating the noise-polluted area in hospital, can also assess the noise pollution of hospital in advance in the design phase, generate the sound-filed simulation figure of different improvement project by simulation, thus contribute to designer and carry out feasibility analysis from the layout strategy of angle to hospital and ward of acoustic environment.The another one important use of this simulation system is some parameters by changing in existing behavior model and acoustic model, the change of these parameters of quantitative test, on the impact of hospital's acoustic environment, contributes to improving targetedly the acoustic environment existing problems of existing hospital.
For the ICU private room of in this model, after following table shows some behavioral parameters and parameters,acoustic change, in this Ward, sound pressure level analog result is relative to the change of master pattern.
Table changes different parameters to the impact (dBA) of the continuous equivalent sound pressure level of ICU private room
Can be found by form, the sound reducing Medical Instruments can effectively reduce ward room noise most, the noise of Medical Instruments is reduced 3dBA, the indoor sound pressure level of ICU private room can reduce 2.32dBA, and the minimax sound pressure level difference in room is reduced to 1.21dBA from 1.41dBA, illustrate that in room, sound field becomes more even.But consider for security standpoint, equipment alarm or prompt tone generally can be set to a higher sound pressure levels, guarantee that the medical personnel outside certain distance can hear chimes of doom and make correct feedback.But reduce speaking volume to work hardly to the indoor sound pressure level reducing private room.
It should be noted that, the acoustical absorption coefficient changing ward is also the effective measures reducing ward sound pressure level, if in ward, average sound absorption coefficient compares master pattern increase by 15%, 30%, 45% respectively, noise grade can reduce 1.31dBA, 2.78dBA, 3.66dBA respectively.And sound pressure level difference also successively decreases along with increasing progressively of acoustical absorption coefficient in room, illustrate that, when not changing surface of wall diffusion, the sound field uniformity coefficient in room and sound absorbing capabilities are inversely proportional to, and also meet truth.
In addition, the indoor sound pressure level impact of change room three-dimensional dimension by a small margin on ward is little, but can affect its room sound field uniformity coefficient to a certain extent.
For person of ordinary skill in the field, along with the development of technology, the present invention's design can realize by different way.Embodiments of the present invention are not limited in embodiment described above, and can change within the scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

1. the hospital's acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model, by behavior model and acoustics model-composing, wherein behavior model is by sounding interval module, duration module, sounding position module, intensity of phonation module composition, and acoustic model is by outdoor noise module and room sound field module composition; Each room in hospital can be defined as an interactively Agent by system, when certain sound source in Agent is activated, be first made up of the base attribute of sound source song behavior the sounding interval module in behavior model, duration module, sounding position module, intensity of phonation module; Then, by the outdoor noise module in acoustic model and room sound field module, the propagation to sound is simulated, and calculates the initial sound pressure level size at acceptance point place; Again by more initial sound pressure level and ground unrest sound pressure level, and judge that the sound source quantity of same time sounding is to determine the final sound pressure level at acceptance point place; Finally, according to the planimetric position of each acceptance point in Agent, and the final sound pressure level size at acceptance point place, the plane distribution situation of room sound field is drawn by interpolation calculation.
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CN112528380A (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-03-19 深圳供电局有限公司 Method and system for optimizing ventilation environment of electric room

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