CN104346531B - Hospital acoustic environment simulation system based on social force model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hospital acoustic environment simulation system based on a social force model. The system comprises a behavioral model and an acoustic model, wherein the behavioral model comprises a sound production spacing module, a duration module, a sound production position module and a sound production intensity module; the acoustic model comprises an outdoor noise module and an indoor sound field module; the system can defines each room in a hospital as an interactive Agent; when a certain sound source is activated, firstly the sound production spacing module, the duration module, the sound production position module and the sound production intensity module in the behavioral model constitute basic attributes of a sound source sound production behavior; then sound transmission is simulated through the outdoor noise module and the indoor sound field module in the acoustic model, so that the initial sound pressure level in a receiving point position is obtained through computation; and then the final sound pressure level in the receiving point position is determined by comparing the initial sound pressure level with a background noise sound pressure level and judging the quantity of sound production sound sources at identical time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of acoustics, particularly to a kind of acoustic environment based on social force model being applied to hospital
Analog systemss.
Background technology
The psychology of noise on human and physiological impact are inquired into for many years, especially the comfortable of patient and rehabilitation are had quite big
Harmful effect.According to many measured results, the recommendation generally than World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO) of the actual noise value of hospital of various countries
Value averagely exceeds 15 decibels, and limited, even wrong parameters,acoustic is only simply considered in research before.Therefore hospital's sound
Be that the research of American-European acoustics and medical domain in recent years intersects one of focus.
Chinese patent 201110090467.6 discloses " the abnormal Aggregation behaviour detection side based on improved social force model
Method "；Chinese patent 201110309444.X discloses " monitoring system based on social force model "；Chinese patent
201210065523.5 disclose " the crowd's accident detection method weighting social force model based on LBP "；Though above-mentioned patent
So it is all based on social force model, but be all not involved with hospital's acoustic environment analog systemss.Chinese patent CN103440411A
Disclose " based on exposed population group area acoustic environment functional areas traffic noise pollution model ", but this patent is also not involved with
Application in terms of the acoustic environment of hospital for the social force model.Chinese patent 201280050836.1 discloses " based on medical environment
In phonetic analysiss medical monitoring system " achieve monitoring based on the phonetic analysiss in medical environment be provided, but this patent
Also it is not involved with applying social force model that hospital's acoustic environment is simulated.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned background technology, and propose a kind of be applied to hospital based on
The acoustic environment analog systemss of social force model.The present invention, on the basis of hospital's acoustic environment characteristic is investigated, researchs and proposes
A set of based on social force model, improve hospital's acoustic environment, assist patient and rehabilitation, improve working doctor efficiency, and then
Improve the technical scheme of Economic Benefit of Hospital.
The present invention is the hospital's acoustic environment analog systemss being related to based on social force model, is current first and is based on social force
The system that noise behavior in hospital environment is combined with parameters,acoustic of model, system can be fixed by each room in hospital
Justice is an interactively Agent, is used and extension demand with meeting to greatest extent, wherein contains different more than 200
Variable, can each room in simulating hospital simultaneously constituting necessary parameters,acoustic, behavioral parameters, formula and interactive component
Acoustic environment situation.
The kernel of this analog systems is made up of 2 models, is behavior model and acoustic model respectively, logical between two models
Cross formula to interact, as shown in Figure 1.Sound source is the variable in Agent, and every kind of sound source all in sounding and stops two kinds of shapes of sounding
Switch under state.When certain sound source in Agent is activated, first by the sounding interval module in behavior model, persistent period
Module, sounding position module, 4 base attributes of intensity of phonation module composition sound source；Then, by the outdoor in acoustic model
Noise module is simulated to the propagation of sound with room sound field module, is calculated the initial sound pressure level size at receiving point；
Pass through relatively initial sound pressure level and background noise sound pressure level again, and judge that the sound source quantity of same time sounding connects to determine
Final sound pressure level at sink.Finally, the plan-position according to each receiving point in Agent, and the final sound at receiving point
Arbitrarily downgrade size, draw the plane distribution situation of room sound field by interpolation calculation.
4 modules comprising in behavior model cover respectively in hospital typical sound source (as voice, step, equipment sound,
Go-cart sound etc.) 4 base attributes：Sounding interval, utterance duration, sounding position, intensity of phonation.
Sounding interval module：All there are sounding and not sounding two states in the every kind of noise source in hospital, sounding is spaced mould
Block is integrated with some typical sound sources in hospital to be stopped to data interval time starting sounding next time from sounding.These are made an uproar
The sounding interval of sound source is probably fixation, random, or meets certain probability distribution.Such as, some armarium
There is certain rhythm and pace of moving things in alarm sound or work noise, so their sounding interval is relatively stable；And patient and medical care
The interval when speaking for the personnel is possibly very random, thus the sounding interval of various typical case's sound source be required for carrying out substantial amounts of
Measuring behavior, after obtaining enough observation data, recycles statistical analysis to calculate the probability distribution of sounding interval time, and will
Probability Distribution Model imports in the middle of sounding interval module.
Utterance duration module：It is integrated with the duration data of the sounding in pink noise source in hospital, that is,
Sound source is from beginning sounding to the persistent period stopping sounding.This module as sounding interval module, data base in module
In substantial amounts of noise measuring behavior.
Sounding position module：This module has three functions, 1. the plan-position of localization of sound source, in order that model is more sticked on
Nearly truth, in module, the grid using 50cm*50cm guarantees sound localization accuracy；2. judge the mobile genus of sound source
Property, in actual hospital environment, armarium is usually static in sounding, and patient or medical personnel's voice are probably
Static it is also possible to move in time；3. judge the quantity of sound source, if there is multi-acoustical, sounding in a room
Position module can position the position of each sound source simultaneously.
Intensity of phonation module：This module is integrated with the size of sound pressure level and frequency spectrum during some typical sound source sounding in hospital
Data, including the sound of voice, footsteps, the sound of ventilation installation and various armarium.By field survey and row
For observation, find that a portion sound source has multiple different intensity of phonation and frequency spectrum, such as, sound intensity of speaking can be divided into
3 grades, as shown in the table；Cardiac monitor would generally send 3 kinds of varying strengths when judging the crisis situations of monitoring patient
To represent typically urgent, relatively urgent and very more urgent situation with the chimes of doom of frequency spectrum respectively；Respirator is in expiration and air-breathing
When intensity of phonation and frequency spectrum also different.
The spectrum distribution (dB) of 3 grade sound of speakings of table
After the parameter determination of sound source song behavior in Agent, data can calculate at receiving point in incoming acoustic model
Initial sound pressure level size, wherein outdoor noise module be responsible for calculate the disturbed condition to room sound field for the outdoor noise, indoor sound
Field module is responsible for calculated room geometric parameter, the indoor impact to indoor sound transmission for the sound absorbing capabilities.
Outdoor noise module：For calculating the impact to room sound field positioned at the noise outside hospital room.Walk in hospital
The noise of corridor can be through the incoming interior of the partition wall door and corridor and room, and outdoor noise also can be by window and other maintenances
The incoming interior of structure.Therefore, this module is integrated with outdoor sound pressure level input, and sound insulation of wall performance database and sound insulation calculate public
Formula, door and window sound insulation property data base and opening and closing situation.
Sound insulation of wall coefficients RwComputing formula,
For homogenous material light partition wall：Rw=DnT,w-10log(T/Tr)+10log(ST/0.16V)+7
For masonry or concrete partition：Rw=DnT,w-10log(T/Tr)+10log(ST/0.16V)+4
For mixed structure partition wall：Rave=10log (1/ τave)=10log (∑ Si/∑τiSi)
Wherein, DnT,wRepresent the weighted standardization sound pressure level difference that the sound insulation of indoor and outdoor air sound measures at the scene；
S represents the area of indoor and outdoor party wall, and unit is (m2)；
SiRepresent if indoor and outdoor partition wall has multiple components, and component sound insulation property inconsistent when, every kind of sound insulation structure
The area of part, unit is (m2)；
V represents chamber volume, and unit is (m3)；
T represents the room reverberation time, and unit is (s)；
TrRepresent with reference to the reverberation time, replaced with constant 0.8 (s)；
τ represents the propagation coefficient of sound.
Room sound field module：It is located at the internal impact to room sound field for the sound source of hospital room for calculating.Sound is indoors
Propagation condition mainly determined by ward size and its surface acoustic absorptivity two indices.Because ward is empty with respect to other acoustics
Between small volume, ward can be regarded by approximate diffusion sound field according to classical room acoustics theory and be calculated.Therefore, determining
The sounding situation of sound source, ward size, after averagely absorbing sound with its surface, using classical indoor sound pressure level computing formula
Accurately calculate the sound pressure level size at indoor reception point.So, above ward size and surface acoustic absorptivity are made by this module
For regulated variable, for the sound field situation in different size and sound absorption characteristics room in simulating reality environment.Due to indoor sound pressure level
Computing formula is applied to the diffusion field of small volume, so size limitation has been carried out to the length in room, can be to being less than
120m2Room be simulated.
Indoor sound pressure level computing formula
Indoor instantaneous sound pressure level (diffusion field) during simple sund source sounding：
Wherein, LpRepresent sound pressure level size at receiving point, unit is (dB)；
LwFor sound pressure level size during noise source sounding, unit is (dB)；
R represents the distance between receiving point and noise source, and unit is (m)；
S represents the area summation on indoor each surface, and unit is (m2)；
Represent chamber internal surface average sound absorption coefficient；
The indoor instantaneous sound pressure level of multiple sound sources sounding simultaneously：
Wherein, LsumRepresent the compound sound pressure level size at receiving point, unit is (dB)；
L1,L2,……,LnRepresent sound pressure level size L of single noise source at receiving pointp, unit is (dB)；
In the case that noise source is mobile：
Wherein, r represents the distance between noise source and receiving point；
xi,yiRepresent abscissa and the vertical coordinate of noise source respectively；
xj,yjRepresent abscissa and the vertical coordinate of receiving point respectively；
When carrying out the calculating of final sound pressure level and indoor sound pressure level distribution situation, as shown in Fig. 2 the first step is with receiving
Initial sound pressure level size at point is compared with the sound pressure level size of background noise, if receiving point sound pressure level is made an uproar more than background
Sound, then enter second step；If the sound pressure level at receiving point is less than background noise, this sound source is judged as background noise；The
Two steps are that sounding determines final sound pressure level size at receiving point simultaneously by judging to whether there is multi-acoustical in Agent,
If single sound source sounding, then this receiving point sound pressure level size is final sound pressure level size, sends out if multi-acoustical simultaneously
Sound, then the final sound pressure level size at this receiving point be multi-acoustical sound pressure level be overlapped after the compound sound pressure level that draws big
Little.Finally, the position according to each receiving point indoor, and the final sound pressure level size at receiving point, by interpolation calculation
Draw the plane distribution situation of room sound field.
Brief description
Fig. 1 illustrates the Technology Roadmap of the acoustic environment analog systemss based on social force model,
Fig. 2 illustrates the flow chart that the sound pressure level of the present invention calculates,
Fig. 3 illustrates embodiments of the invention, the parameter setting figure of one of Agent,
Fig. 4 illustrates embodiments of the invention, system operation surface chart,
Fig. 5 illustrates the curve control figure of embodiments of the invention, analog result and measured result, (a) private room, (b) 4
Human world ward,
Fig. 6 illustrates embodiments of the invention, the sound-filed simulation figure of two imitating wards (private room and 4 human world wards).
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is described.Using the weight to certain hospital for this system
The acoustic environment in 3 wards of disease monitoring section (ICU) is simulated.
Set up the Anylogic model of hospital according to situation of investigating on the spot, wherein behavior model and acoustic model are at each
The parameter being related to is applied more than 200, as shown in Figure 3 in Agent.This acoustic model can be to random site arbitrary in room
Single-frequency sound pressure level is predicted, and noise data has stronger visualization simultaneously, all demonstrates the motility of this analog systems and fits
Ying Xing.
The parameter that the region represented by frame 1-3 is in acoustic model is selected in Fig. 3.Select in frame 1 and contain random number acoustical generator,
Acoustic absorptivity and the ward needing simulation screened；Select size (length), sound source and the reception containing ward in frame 2
The position of point；Select sound pressure level and the single-frequency sound pressure level containing in frame 3 at background noise sound pressure level and receiving point.
The species selecting the region represented by frame 4 to be noise source, according to practical situation, mainly contains 6 kinds of differences in ward
Noise source, be respectively speak, respirator, cardiac monitor, infusion pump, humidifier, nasal feeding intubation.User is except can be from
In song behavior data add noise source it is also possible to voluntarily create, and the noise source of interpolation can be entered line activating or
Shielding.Due to the time period in field survey, patient in ward, is not had to use nasal feeding intubation, so the nasal feeding intubation in Fig. 3 is made
Shielded for non-existent noise source.
The parameter selecting region represented by frame 5-8 to be in behavior model, select frame 5-6 include every kind of noise source sounding strong
Degree, sounding interval and utterance duration.Frame 7-8 is selected to contain the ratio of the different intensity of phonation of certain sound source, Yi Jishi
The no situation that there are multiple noise sources judges.
In order to verify motility and the accuracy of social force acoustic model, the parameters,acoustic in model, including the length in ward,
Width, high, form and average sound absorption coefficient are all identical with field survey result.This 4 people between private room and 1 the 2 of ICU
Between 3 Agent setting up of ward, due to the size of 2 private rooms, function is substantially completely identical with arrangement, so this is between two
The behavior model in ward is all arranged using identical.Arrange 5 sound receiving points inside every ward (Agent), wherein
One center in ward, in addition 4 positions being arranged in apart from 0.8 meter of 4, ward corner.Simulated time is set to
1000 minutes, system interface during dry run was as shown in Figure 4.
Model result shows, the level at each frequency of the noise grade in this three wards is obvious, wherein with the height of 2kHz
Frequency is occupied an leading position, this is because the cardiac monitor in ICU ward is as a main sound source, the dominant frequency of its alarm sound
Just in 2kHz, and intensity of phonation is high, and origination interval will be short with than other sound sources, ultimately caused the noise in ward
Analog result compares concentration in 2kHz, very consistent with measured result.Except typical noise source, background noise is to sound pressure level mould
Intend also there is obvious impact.Sound pressure level at 5 receiving points in same room is essentially identical, and sound at this 5 receiving points
Time dependent curve conformity of arbitrarily downgrading is very high, has reached the stage essentially coinciding；Generation is made an uproar in diverse location
Acoustic behavior, the display in all receiving points is almost synchronous.And the receiving point of same position is in certain a period of time in difference ward
Between point instantaneous sound pressure level there is significant difference, these are all matched with real measurement situation.
For analog systemss, checking is carried out to its practicality and reliability and is very important.By to list
Equivalent sound pressure level L in people and many people wardAeqAnd weighted sound pressure level L (dBA)A95(dBA),LA90(dBA),LA50(dBA),LA10
(dBA),LA5(dBA), the contrast (Fig. 5) of this 6 acoustics index, finds this analog systems to ICU private room and many people ward
Sound pressure level analog result and field survey result degree of agreement very high it was demonstrated that this system is used for simulating hospital acoustic environment
It is reliable.
LA95Representing in measurement has 95% sound pressure level to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to background noise；
LA90Representing in measurement has 90% sound pressure level to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to background noise；
LA50Representing in measurement has 50% sound pressure level to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to average noise；
LA10Representing in measurement has 10% sound pressure level to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to peak noise；
LA5Representing in measurement has 5% sound pressure level to exceed this sound pressure level, is equivalent to peak noise.
Although, analog result is in LA10And LA5Two indices are relatively large with the error of measured result, but no more than
2dBA.Explanation system is to background noise (LA95,LA90) and average sound pressure level (LA50) simulation to compare peak noise (LA10,LA5)
Simulation more accurate, this is because what peak noise was typically caused by the noise behavior event of small probability, such as thing
Drop, hydropac of armarium etc., these noises produce randomness and uncertainty have impact on system to burst noise
The accuracy of simulation.
According to the position of indoor difference receiving point, and the final sound pressure level size at receiving point, by interpolation calculation
Draw the distribution situation of night equivalent sound pressure level each position in room plane in ICU private room and many people ward, and
Presented with the formal intuition of Noise map, as shown in Figure 6 although the sound-filed simulation in two wards is highly uniform, but can
To find a few place noise-sensitive region.For example, more prominent in the armarium putting position noise ratio of the private room head of a bed, be by
Impact in armarium chimes of doom；In 4 human world wards, the noise ratio in middle public aisle is more prominent, is because medical care people
Member speaks relatively frequent in this region.
Noise map, can also be in the design phase in advance to hospital except calculating the noise-polluted area in hospital
Sound pollution be estimated, generate the sound-filed simulation figure of different improvement projects by simulation, thus contributing to designer from sound
The angle of environment carries out feasibility analysis to the layout strategy in hospital and ward.The another one important use of this analog systems is
By changing some parameters in existing behavior model and acoustic model, the change of these parameters of quantitative analyses is to hospital's acoustic environment
Impact, contribute to the acoustic environment of existing hospital existing problems are targetedly improved.
, following table shows that some behavioral parameters and parameters,acoustic change taking an ICU private room in this model as a example
After change, this ward interior sound pressure level analog result is with respect to the change of archetype.
Table changes the impact (dBA) to the continuous equivalent sound pressure level of ICU private room for the different parameters
By form it is found that reduce Medical Instruments sound can maximally effective reduction ward indoor noise, will cure
The noise treating instrument reduces 3dBA, and ICU private room interior sound pressure level can reduce 2.32dBA, and the maximum in room is
Little sound pressure level difference is reduced to 1.21dBA from 1.41dBA, illustrates that in room, sound field becomes more uniform.But examine for security standpoint
Consider, equipment alarm or prompt tone typically can arrange higher sound pressure levels it is ensured that medical personnel's energy outside certain distance
Enough hear chimes of doom and make correct feedback.But reduce speaking volume the indoor sound pressure level reducing private room is hardly risen
Effect.
It should be noted that the acoustic absorptivity changing ward is also the effective measures reducing ward sound pressure level, if ward
Interior average sound absorption coefficient compares archetype increases by 15%, 30%, 45% respectively, noise grade can reduce respectively 1.31dBA,
2.78dBA、3.66dBA.And, in room, sound pressure level difference successively decreases also with being incremented by of acoustic absorptivity, illustrates do not changing wall
In the case of the diffusion of body surface face, the sound field uniformity and the sound absorbing capabilities in room are inversely proportional to, and also comply with truth.
In addition, the room three-dimensional dimension that changes by a small margin affects less on the indoor sound pressure level in ward, but can be in certain journey
Its room sound field uniformity is affected on degree.
For person of ordinary skill in the field, with the development of technology, present inventive concept can be by different way
Realize.Embodiments of the present invention are not limited in embodiments described above, and can carry out within the scope of the claims
Change.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of hospital's acoustic environment analog systemss based on social force model, are made up of behavior model and acoustic model, wherein capable
For model by sounding interval module, duration module, sounding position module, intensity of phonation module composition, acoustic model is by room
Outer noise module and room sound field module composition；Each room in hospital can be defined as an interactively Agent by system,
When certain sound source in Agent is activated, first by the sounding interval module in behavior model, duration module, sounding
Position module, intensity of phonation module are constituting the base attribute of sound source song behavior；Then, made an uproar by the outdoor in acoustic model
Sound module is simulated to the propagation of sound with room sound field module, is calculated the initial sound pressure level size at receiving point；Again
By relatively initial sound pressure level and background noise sound pressure level, and judge the sound source quantity of same time sounding to determine receiving point
The final sound pressure level at place；Finally, the plan-position according to each receiving point in Agent, and the final sound pressure level at receiving point
Size, draws the plane distribution situation of room sound field by interpolation calculation.
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| CN108269487B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2020-09-11 | 香港科技大学深圳研究院 | 3D noise mapping system and method |
| CN106934149B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2020-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Prediction method for calculating noise superposition result of crowd in space |
| CN108871552A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | A kind of noise monitoring method and system based on identification of sound source |
| CN112863540A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-05-28 | 睿捷国际股份有限公司 | Sound source distribution visualization method and computer program product |
| CN112263365B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-11-04 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 | Baby monitoring system |
| CN112528380A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-19 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Method and system for optimizing ventilation environment of electric room |
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