CN106920441A - A kind of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics,Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field,By two oscillation sources,Counter switch,Instrument connection,Formula amplifying unit back and forth,Tandem partial pressure unit,Logic Interface Unit,Delay unit,Light display level,Cycling element,Voice level composition,Active important document of the present invention using the gate circuit of two inputs as unit,Constitute the logical relation of various functions,So as to expand the thinking of student,When instrument connection inserts measured piece,Selecting two oscillation sources to export by counter switch has frequency and without two kinds of way of outputs of frequency,After origin returns the amplification of formula amplifying unit,Start tandem partial pressure unit,Voice level and Logic Interface Unit are encouraged again,After delay unit time delay terminates,Start light display level,After luminous indication light in last light display level,Start cycling element,Carry out display circulation next time,Fully demonstration resistance element structure is closely contacted with frequency,Understand the meaning of capacitive reactance and induction reactance,So as to lay certain electricity basis.

Description

A kind of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics

Technical field

Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field.

Background technology

Innovation is the soul of nationality, and young student are the strength of innovation.

The prosperity of country is talent, and the culture of talent is to educate.The emphasis teenager of education, juvenile Qiang Ze Guoqiang, the progressive then state progress of teenager, will cultivate teenager and science is had deep love for, it is crucial to improve the quality of teaching, and laboratory apparatus is precisely a key factor for improving teaching, laboratory apparatus is good, the experiment done more convincingness, so that students ' understanding things, understand natural phenomena, inspire the thinking of student, played an important role to improving level of education.Therefore, the various laboratory apparatus in teaching are all constantly being lifted, but also there are many weak points：One is the species deficiency of laboratory apparatus, and the laboratory apparatus especially for the students of the junior years is not also comprehensive.Two be the spirit taught through lively activities in instruments used for education not enough, three is the cost village school too high thus remote to some of majority instruments used for education now, can't spread to many universal instruments used for education.

Electricity is most important a kind of class in physics, full of magical Experiments of Electricity, the interest of teenager can be excited, play the role of to the basic conception for setting up electricity simultaneously important, if a kind of outstanding hookup can be developed, and this hookup can visualize electricity part concept and law by abstract, it is clear that there is positive help to educatee.If this circuit can turn into the self-control hookup of beginner again, will undoubtedly there is positive meaning to the quality-oriented education for lifting student.

But design a kind of a kind of self-control hookup that can turn into beginner again simultaneously with circuit of demonstration instrument and there is difficult point, one is from demonstrating effect, because the concept in electricity is a lot, it is to make the demonstration in terms of that, two is that this instrument is drafted primarily directed to electric capacity, inductance etc. has the element being closely connected to make the demonstration of physical property with frequency, and to make the demonstration of that several respect, its physical could sufficiently be shown, three are, especially it is important that, although some circuits can reach demonstration purpose, but a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit can not be turned into, because a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit move back relate to each unit experiment theme be suitable for beginner, move back simultaneously and relate to the interest of beginner, and whether success easy to install etc. series of problems, so this kind of outstanding circuit must also enrich, innovation, development.

The present invention is exactly, using two gate circuits being input into as a kind of substantially active part, as the active important document of unit, the logical relation of various functions can be constituted, so as to expand the thinking of student.

The content of the invention

The present invention is exactly the gate circuits using two inputs as a kind of substantially active part, there is sharp source important document as unit, the logical relation of various functions can be constituted, as a kind of outstanding circuit, its purpose one is that the circuit can turn into a kind of demonstrator, demonstrated by this demonstrator it will be seen that resistance element structure is contacted with the close of frequency, and then understand the meaning of capacitive reactance and induction reactance, so as to allow beginner to lay certain electricity basis, this demonstrator can turn into a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.Two is the instrument because of three kinds of displays of color with light with sound, therefore with certain interest, can cultivate numerous teenagers and science is had deep love for.Three is to turn into a kind of outstanding making experimental line, and the circuit has various features, thus is conducive to making, and the basic quality to improving student is played a positive role.

Measure of the present invention is：

Meaning interpretation to above-mentioned measure is as follows：

1st, a kind of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics are by two oscillation sources, counter switch, instrument connection, back and forth formula amplifying unit, and tandem partial pressure unit, Logic Interface Unit, delay unit, light display level, cycling element, voice level is collectively constituted.

Wherein：Counter switch is made up of the source resistance of button switch, one, switch, two, switch, switch guiding electric capacity one, switch guiding electric capacity two, switch boot-strap resistor one, switch boot-strap resistor two, switch clamp diode, switch boot-strap resistor three, two switch gates：One end ground wire of button switch,The other end of button switch connects switch boot-strap resistor three with power supply,The other end of button switch is the output end of button circuit,Connect the positive pole that two switches guide electric capacity,The negative pole of switch guiding electric capacity one is two-way,An input of one, switch is connect all the way,Another road connects switch boot-strap resistor one to the output end for switching,The negative pole of switch guiding electric capacity two is two-way,An input of two, switch is connect all the way,Another road connects switch boot-strap resistor two to the output end of switch two,The output end of another input termination switch two of one, switch,The output end of another input termination switch one of two, switch,The output end of one, switch respectively connects a state instruction with the output end for switching two with power supply,A source resistance is respectively connect between the output end and power supply of two switch gates,The output end of two, switch is the output of counter switch,Connect the negative pole of switch clamp diode.

Two oscillation sources are made up of oscillating circuit with vibration isolation circuit.

Oscillating circuit starts inclined resistance under differential capacitance, vibration start inclined resistance under diode, vibration start differential discharge resistance, vibration one, the upper inclined fixed resistance of vibration two, the upper inclined adjustable resistance of vibration two, vibration two and constitutes by vibration one, vibration two, vibration cross capacitance one, vibration cross capacitance two, the upper inclined resistance of vibration one, vibration.

Oscillating circuit is made up of vibration isolating door, vibration isolation resistance：Two inputs of vibration one are connected,Upper inclined resistance of the power supply to the indirect vibration one of the input for vibrating,Vibration starts differential capacitance serial oscillation startup diode between power supply and the input of vibration one,Its series connection point connects vibration and starts differential discharge resistance to ground wire,The upper inclined adjustable resistance of vibration two and the upper inclined fixed resistance of vibration two are serially connected between an input of power supply and vibration two,The input of vibration one and vibration one input of two respectively connect one over the ground under inclined resistance,The output termination vibration cross capacitance one of vibration one arrives another input of vibration two,The output termination vibration cross capacitance two of vibration two arrives the input of vibration one,Input of the output termination vibration isolation resistance of vibration two to vibration isolating door,Two inputs for vibrating isolating door are connected,Vibrate the positive pole of the input termination switch clamp diode of isolating door,Vibration isolation and amplifier end is two outputs of oscillation source,Connect instrument connection one.

Formula amplifying unit is by the oscillating circuit in two oscillation sources and four electric capacity, four lifting diodes back and forth, and commutation diode and penetrating is constituted with amplifier tube：Instrument connection two connects commutation diode to the positive pole of one-level electric capacity, three lifting Diode series one-level electric capacity positive pole and penetrate with amplifier tube base stage between, each series connection point connects a positive pole for electric capacity respectively, the negative pole of two grades of electric capacity connects the output end of vibration one, the negative pole of three-level electric capacity connects the output end of vibration two, the negative pole ground wire of level Four electric capacity, penetrates and connects power supply with the colelctor electrode of amplifier tube, penetrate with the emitter stage of amplifier tube be formula amplifying unit back and forth output.

Tandem partial pressure unit is made up of Multilevel partial-pressure branch road, every grade of partial pressure branch road is constituted by voltage-stabiliser tube and aisle resistance, all voltage-stabiliser tubes are connected on back and forth between the output of formula amplifying unit and ground wire, and as Multilevel partial-pressure output point, every grade of partial pressure output point connects an aisle resistance to ground wire.

Delay unit is made up of multiple delay circuits, each time delay resistance, delay capacitor, time delay isolating diode composition.

Light display level is made up of multiple light display units with color-changing unit：Each hands over display unit to be made up of with luminous instruction display driving gate.

Logic Interface Unit is made up of multiple interface not gates.

Two inputs of each interface not gate are connected,Respectively connect a partial pressure output point,Except first interface not gate and the first display drive outdoors,Remaining each interface not gate one delay circuit of correspondence,One display driving gate of each delay circuit correspondence,First output end of interface not gate directly connects the input of the first display driving gate in light display level,First output end of interface not gate also connects time delay resistance one and arrives ground wire to delay capacitor one,Except the output end of first non-total interface not gate outdoors of interface all respectively connects an isolating diode to the input of correspondence display driving gate,Since the second display driving gate,The input of each later display driving gate connects a delay capacitor to ground wire,By common anode resistance, anode light pipe is connected into together for each luminous instruction,One end of the output termination common anode resistance of each display driving gate,The anode of another termination common-anode luminous tube of common anode resistance.

Color-changing unit is made up of two-stage discoloration counter with discoloration original differential circuit：Respectively contain two discoloration driving gates, discoloration boot-strap resistor, discoloration guiding electric capacity, color-changing diode in every grade of discoloration counter.

Discoloration guiding electric capacity one is connected with one end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two,Input as one-level discoloration counter,The input of the output termination one-level discoloration counter of last interface not gate,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity one is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate one is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor one to the output end of discoloration driving gate one,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate two is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor two to the output end of discoloration driving gate two,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate two of discoloration driving gate one,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate one of discoloration driving gate two,Two outputs of one-level discoloration counter,It is the change colour output end of driving gate one and the output end of discoloration driving gate two,A negative electrode of the output termination color-changing diode one of discoloration driving gate one to all common-anode luminous tubes,Another negative electrode of the output termination color-changing diode two of discoloration driving gate two to all common-anode luminous tubes；One end of discoloration guiding electric capacity three is connected with one end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four,As two grades of inputs of discoloration counter,Output two grades of inputs of discoloration counter of termination of discoloration driving gate two,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity three is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate three is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor three to the output end of discoloration driving gate three,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate four is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor four to the output end of discoloration driving gate four,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate four of discoloration driving gate three,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate three of discoloration driving gate four,The output end of discoloration driving gate three is two grades of outputs of discoloration counter,Two negative electrodes of all common-anode luminous tubes respectively connect a color-changing diode to two grades of outputs of discoloration counter.

Discoloration original differential circuit is made up of discoloration initial differential capacitance, the initial not gate that changes colour, discoloration original differential discharge resistance, the initial diode one that changes colour, the initial diode two that changes colour：One termination power of the initial differential capacitance that changes colour, the other end is two-way, discoloration original differential discharge resistance to ground wire is connect all the way, another road connects the input of the initial not gate that changes colour, the initial diode one that changes colour is connected on an input of discoloration driving gate one to the output end of the initial not gate that changes colour, and the initial diode two that changes colour is connected on an input of discoloration driving gate three to the output end of the initial not gate that changes colour.

Cycling element is made up of loop start door, circulation differential capacitance, circulation differential discharge resistance, circulation differential steering diode, circulation earth resistance, recirculation diode：The one of circulation differential capacitance terminates the output end of last display driving gate, the other end for circulating differential capacitance is two-way, circulation differential steering diode to the input of loop start door is connect all the way, another road connects circulation differential discharge resistance to ground wire, the input termination circulation earth resistance of loop start door, recirculation diode is connected between the output end penetrated with base stage and the loop start door of amplifier tube.

Voice level：It is made up of multiple speech sound devices：Each partial pressure output point of tandem partial pressure unit connects a speech sound device.

2nd, loop start door, the initial not gate that changes colour, discoloration driving gate, display driving gate, interface not gate, vibration door, vibration isolating door, switch gate are all using the gate circuit of two inputs.

3rd, differential capacitance uses electrodeless electric capacity with guiding electric capacity.

First, the principle produced by whole circuit diagram.

The present invention be with two input gate circuits for mainly active important document, constitute logic unit, various functions are then constituted with logic unit again.A kind of two gate oscillator is constituted with two doors, as two oscillation sources, when resistance element,（It is electric capacity, inductance and resistance,）, when being connected in two instrument connections, become series relationship with two oscillation sources, two electric currents of oscillation source generation are by after the frequency element surveyed, enter into formula amplifying unit back and forth, it is amplified, formula amplifying unit output drive tandem partial pressure unit back and forth, the circuit has multiple partial pressure output points, the interface not gate in Logic Interface Unit is connected to respectively, then from second interface not gate, directly control one group of delay circuit, delay circuit controls display unit, with color-changing unit, when partial pressure output point no-voltage, interface not gate in Logic Interface Unit, display unit and color-changing unit are enclosed by time delay circuit unit.After its partial pressure output point exceedes threshold voltage, the corresponding delay circuit in interface not gate excitation delay unit, delay circuit has encouraged display unit startup.It is luminous to indicate light.This simultaneously, the first driving gate in display unit controls the working condition of color-changing unit.In the presence of color-changing unit, luminous instruction is allowed to have issued three kinds of lights of color.Formula amplifying unit output signal is stronger back and forth, and the partial pressure output number of sites high of tandem partial pressure unit is more, then luminous tube is bright must be more.

For demonstrating effect is abundant, this measure notice it is following some：

One is two oscillation sources, can turn into tool frequency pulse power form, again can as frequency be zero be direct current form, with two kinds of different power supplys, the understanding of antagonism element can be promoted.Because two kinds of power supplys will produce very different effect to frequency element.

Two is that the conversion of two kinds of power supplys is performed by counter switch, and counter switch has electronics self-sustaining, and operation is touched, and is easy to state instruction, produces without number of advantages such as fly lines, thus can be obviously improved overall performance.

Three be in two oscillation sources, in increased frequency-adjustable, therefore can not only demonstrate resistance element there is frequency special with two kinds of direct current, influence of the frequency height to element can be further looked at.

Four, to expand effect, increased and enter into formula amplifying unit back and forth, are amplified and have expanded demonstrating effect.

Five is that light and sound effective value are employed on demonstrating effect.

Six is that its display effect is flowing water pattern, and its benefit is abstract electric current can be become into current familiar to institute, while in cyclic process, three kinds of colors are become automatically, increased interest.

Seven is that to have embodied in measure of the invention be that circuit in a kind of outstanding experiment, because being conducive to exciting the learning enthusiasm of youth, is conducive to improving the quality-oriented education of student.Reason one is to have focused on theme protrusion, and this electricity plants the understanding highlighted to two in-gate circuits, because nearly all unit is made up of two input nand gates.It is avoided that beginner produces situation that is numerous and being weary of studying.Two is a kind of simple two input nand gates logical relation, by different combinations, can develop into the logical relation of series, thus can guide beginner's positive thinking, expands imagination space, is conducive to education of improving the quality.Three is relatively independent each unit, and each unit contact science, debugging is simple, substantially once filling into.Four is have certain interest when each unit is checked, guiding experimenter gos deep into.Five is the constructively input only more than not gate of two input nand gate circuits, but on online roadshow becomes, the change than not gate is more, and circuit letter.

2nd, two explanations of oscillation source.

It is made up of with vibration isolation circuit oscillating circuit；Oscillating circuit is by vibration one（In Fig. 1 2.1）, vibration two（In Fig. 1 2.2）, vibration cross capacitance one（In Fig. 1 2.11）, vibration cross capacitance two（In Fig. 1 2.21）, the vibration upper inclined resistance of one（In Fig. 1 2.12）, vibration start differential capacitance（In Fig. 1 2.13）, vibration start diode（In Fig. 1 2.15）, vibration start differential discharge resistance（In Fig. 1 2.16）, the upper inclined fixed resistances of vibration two（In Fig. 1 2.23）, the upper inclined adjustable resistances of vibration two（In Fig. 1 2.22）, vibration two under inclined resistance（In Fig. 1 2.25）Composition；Oscillating circuit is by vibration isolating door（In Fig. 1 2.3）, vibration isolation resistance（In Fig. 1 2.8）Composition.

Line feature is, two inputs of vibration one are connected, upper inclined resistance of the power supply to the indirect vibration one of the input for vibrating, vibration starts differential capacitance serial oscillation startup diode between power supply and the input of vibration one, its series connection point connects vibration and starts differential discharge resistance to ground wire, the upper inclined adjustable resistance of vibration two and the upper inclined fixed resistance of vibration two are serially connected between an input of power supply and vibration two, the input of vibration one and vibration one input of two respectively connect one over the ground under inclined resistance, the output termination vibration cross capacitance one of vibration one arrives another input of vibration two, the output termination vibration cross capacitance two of vibration two arrives the input of vibration one, so vibration one connects a differential circuit more than vibration two.

Forming the principle of vibration is：After power supply is opened, because having connect a differential circuit input of vibration one more, thus the voltage of the input of vibration one is higher than the input for vibrating two, so will not risky motive, and the output end of vibration two is inherently produced to the trend of high-order development, therefore the output end of two is vibrated, vibration cross capacitance two, inclined resistance forms charge tunnel under vibration one, because vibration cross capacitance two is unable to transition, therefore when one input of vibration can be higher, output end can be lower, similarly because vibration cross capacitance one is unable to transition, two inputs of vibration can be lower, and output end can be higher, form strong positive feedback, finished until vibration cross capacitance two charges, and form the first half cycle of vibration.Terminate when vibration cross capacitance two charges, the upper inclined resistance of vibration two forms the charging circuit of opposite direction by vibrating the output end of the not gate of cross capacitance one and first, two input voltages of vibration will gradually rise, output end will gradually be changed from high-order to low level, when input voltage exceeds threshold voltage, vibrate two cross capacitances and be unable to transition, there is strong positive feedback again, two gate output terminals are vibrated to overturn, the later half cycle as vibration, such principle produces second cycle, third time cycle --- --- etc..

Why this instrument unit mainly has following benefit using such circuit, as a kind of demonstrator, there is following benefit, and one is this oscillating circuit, is vibrated with easily rising, stabilization, and two is frequency-adjustable, is that the integrated circuit i.e. performance of product has established good condition.Circuit as a kind of outstanding experiment has following benefit, one is to constitute the basic important document of logic using two input not gates, make invention overall all using such device, its benefit is logical laws, it is not necessary to which advanced professional knowledge, beginner is easily accepted by, two is using this important document as oscillating circuit, data is not described substantially, as self-control circuit, is conducive to Expand Thinking space.It is a kind of outstanding element circuit with enlightenment.

3rd, the explanation of counter switch.

Counter switch is by button switch（In Fig. 1 1.0）, switch one（In Fig. 1 1.1）, switch two（In Fig. 1 1.2）, switch guiding electric capacity one（In Fig. 1 1.11）, switch guiding electric capacity two（In Fig. 1 1.21）, switch boot-strap resistor one（In Fig. 1 1.12）, switch boot-strap resistor two（In Fig. 1 1.22）, switch clamp diode（In Fig. 1 1.8）, switch boot-strap resistor three（In Fig. 1 1.08）, two switch gates source resistance（In Fig. 1 1.18 and 1.28）Composition.

Its main purpose controls two working conditions of oscillation source, and turning into two oscillation sources has the test source of frequency, or as the dc source that frequency is zero, allows beholder to understand resistance element in the case of both power supplys, physical phenomenon.So as to disclose the relation of resistance element and frequency.

Switch is to the control logic of two oscillation sources, the output end of two, switch is logic control end, it is also the output of counter switch, the end has been directly connected to vibrate the input of isolating door, when the output end for switching two is low level, vibration isolating door is sealed up a door, and vibration isolation gate output terminal is a high position, it is electric current that frequency is zero that two oscillation sources are now exported, and is direct current.When switch two gate output terminals for it is high-order when, vibration isolating door still by the rule change of vibration, on exporting without influence, output be pulse frequency electric current.

Counter switch possesses three characteristics, and one is the state variability with output end（Under the cooperation of button switch）, be that can export high signal, can also export low level signal, two be before a kind of self-sustaining of output signal energy arrives to new signal next time with self-sustaining characteristic.Three is logic reliability.

The principle of formation is, one, switch is connected into for a kind of positive-feedback circuit with switching two by what is intersected, if being that one gate output terminal of switch is height, it is low to switch two gate output terminals, if instead one gate output terminal of switch is low, then it is height to switch two gate output terminals.

Button switch and boot-strap resistor three, constitute the button circuit of high-order low-end trim in switch, wherein connection turret terminal is button line output, the principle of formation is, when button switch is off-state, because one end of boot-strap resistor three is connected to power supply, the other end is a high position.When button switch is closure state, because the end of boot-strap resistor is connected to ground wire, low level is output as.

When being powered, if the output end of two, switch is a high position, the output end of one, switch is low level, and when button switch is not pressed, to disconnect, button line output is a high position to push-button contact.Now switch boot-strap resistor three will form charge circuit with switch guiding electric capacity one, switch boot-strap resistor one, the output end of one, switch.And form open circuit with switch guiding electric capacity two, switch boot-strap resistor two, the output end of two, switch.When push contact is for closure, button circuit output low level, because being unable to its negative pole of transition as negative pressure state, one input of switch is negative to switch guiding electric capacity one, so that it is a high position to switch a gate output terminal, two gate output terminals of switch are low level, realize upset.

When push contact is again off, switch boot-strap resistor three forms charge circuit with switch guiding electric capacity two, switch boot-strap resistor two, the output end of two, switch.And form open circuit with switch guiding electric capacity one, switch boot-strap resistor one, the output end of one, switch.When push contact is closure, button line output is low level, and switch guiding electric capacity two is because being unable to its negative pole of transition as negative pressure state.Two inputs of switch are low, so that it is a high position to switch two gate output terminals, upset are realized again, and later inversion principle is the same.

Using mainly having benefit following prominent after this switch, one is that button switch is that one kind touches button, while also allowing for installment state instruction.It is overall high-grade, benefit from, two is that button belongs to a kind of common components, it is easy to bought.Three is that button does not produce fly line in production, directly can produce and contact with printed panel, while circuit reduction, thus product quality can be further ensured that.Four be as make experimental line be conducive to expand teenager's thinking.Five is that, using after button circuit circuit, can simplify certain circuit.

4th, on the explanation of formula amplifying unit back and forth.

The line feature one of this part is that Part I make use of the oscillating circuit in two oscillation sources to form the oscillating unit of Part I, and two is by commutation diode（In Fig. 1 5.1）, one-level electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.11）, lifting diode one（In Fig. 1 5.2）, two grades of electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.21）, lifting diode two（In Fig. 1 5.3）, three-level electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.31）, lifting diode three（In Fig. 1 5.5）, level Four electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.51）, penetrate with amplifier tube（In Fig. 1 5.8）Part II is collectively constituted.

The main purpose of the circuit is, when resistance element such as electric capacity, inductance is by after two oscillation sources, the situation that voltage can be produced to decline, if directly excitation display unit, it is possible to which the inadequate clearly situation of display occurs, and by after circuit amplification, energy has been lifted, thus is more macroscopical display effect.

The principle that formula amplifying unit is formed back and forth is, because vibration one and vibration two, is connected to two electric capacity in this grade, thus signal can be produced to amplify castering action.

After resistance element is connected, charged after over commutation and be filled with DC voltage on one-level electric capacity, when it is low to vibrate a gate output terminal, one-level electric capacity charges by lifting diode one to two grades of electric capacity, the electric capacity turns into one times of voltage, when a gate output terminal is vibrated for a high position, vibrate one times of voltage end of a gate output terminal and be superimposed two grades of capacitance voltages as two times of voltages, when it is low to vibrate two gate output terminals, the voltage of three-level electric capacity is electrically charged, it is two times of voltages that the electric capacity is filled, and when two gate output terminals are vibrated for a high position, the voltage that trebles is superimposed with three-level capacitance voltage.

Such group of cost-element have the advantages that five it is prominent：

One is the one-level electric capacity when no signal is input into, no-voltage, so output can not possibly produce multiplication of voltage effect.It is zero volt, the output for being the circuit does not produce additional static current potential.

Two is that it is of special importance that the voltage on one-level electric capacity is two oscillation sources by the voltage after test resistance element step-down, resistance is of different sizes, and the magnitude of voltage of generation is also different, the not sample so the booster tension quantity for producing also differs.That is to say that many times of bases of voltage depend on the voltage after resistance element is depressured, output and the resistance tested of lifting circuit have direct relation.

Three lift electric capacity because employing two vibration doors with two-stage, and institute's efficiency high, sensitivity is higher.

Four is that the circuit is output as penetrating and makees to isolate with amplifier tube, so the circuit has good load capacity

Five is to employ two comprehensive utilizations of oscillation source, simplifies circuit, to improving reliability, is played the role of positive.

5th, the explanation of tandem partial pressure unit.

It is made up of Multilevel partial-pressure branch road, every grade of partial pressure branch road is constituted by voltage-stabiliser tube and aisle resistance, and all voltage-stabiliser tubes are connected on back and forth between the output of formula amplifying unit and ground wire, and as Multilevel partial-pressure output point, every grade of partial pressure output point connects an aisle resistance to ground wire.

A, line feature are suitable by the parameter of each voltage-stabiliser tube, when no-voltage, because of the presence of aisle resistance, it is believed that the output point is low level.Otherwise after having voltage output and value higher than the door of interface not gate, it is believed that be high-order output.

B, when the voltage of the output of formula amplifying unit back and forth is high, then the quantity of the voltage-stabiliser tube that can puncture is more.After the output voltage for exporting dividing point exceedes the door of control, the display unit work of excitation rear class.

C, because the output of formula amplifying unit is employed to penetrate and isolated with amplifier tube back and forth, with larger load capacity, so this unit can be using such line construction.

6th, the explanation of Logic Interface Unit.

This unit is made up of multiple interface not gates, and interface not gate is that two inputs are formed in parallel by two input nand gates.The input of each interface not gate is connected to a partial pressure output point of tandem partial pressure unit, its output end is connected to a delay circuit in delay unit, according to the property of not gate, when partial pressure output point is low level, the non-gate output terminal of the interface is high-order, conversely, when input is high, the non-gate output terminal of interface is low level.

7th, the explanation of delay unit.

The unit is made up of multiple delay circuits.Each delay circuit parameter is the same, and by delay capacitor, time delay resistance, time delay isolating diode is collectively constituted.For the principle that this each delay circuit is produced is the same.Now only use wherein individual delay circuit explanation.

Its principle is：When the non-gate output terminal of interface is for a high position, time delay isolating diode is forward bias, and at this moment delay capacitor will be charged, because diode is forward bias resistor very little, so the charging interval is quickly.If the non-gate output terminal of the interface of prime is low level, discharged to the non-gate output terminal of prime interface by time delay resistance, therefore discharge lag collectively constitutes delay time constant by delay capacitor and time delay resistance.

8th, light display explanation.

Multiple light display units in light display level, each light display unit is constituted by by display driving gate with luminous instruction, by common anode resistance, anode light pipe is connected into together for each luminous instruction, one end of the output termination common anode resistance of each display driving gate, the anode of another termination common-anode luminous tube of common anode resistance.

The bright state feature one of common anode luminous tube is：The common-anode luminous tube of the first smooth display unit was bright before this, be afterwards the second smooth display unit common anode level luminous tube it is bright, but the common-anode luminous tube of the first smooth display unit does not put out, common-anode luminous tube followed by the 3rd smooth display unit is still bright, the common-anode luminous tube of other light display units does not put out, later rule by this to the last.Common-anode luminous tube to last light display unit lights.

The benefit of the circulation of this flowing water state is to become to begin to learn intelligible streamflow regime the abstract concept of electric current, if the partial pressure output point of tandem partial pressure unit is more, the light display unit for being triggered is more, and shown this current must be more remote by stream.This streamflow regime is filled with certain entertaining when circuit is tested certainly.

Its principle is, when the partial pressure output point output of tandem partial pressure unit is high-order, corresponding interface not gate output low level, and it is a high position that display drives gate output terminal, and the anode of common-anode luminous tube is established by cable and originates light.

The principle of generation is：Due in installation and debugging, the no-delay circuit of input of the first display driving gate, the input with other display driving gates is variant, so after the startup of tandem partial pressure unit, must be that the output end of the first display driving gate first has voltage, the first of institute's band luminous indicates first to light.It is high-order and the delay capacitor of the input of each display driving gate thereafter also fails to electric discharge, so, the output end of each display driving gate thereafter is low level, and each luminous instruction of institute's band does not light without anode voltage.And the time constant of time delay is together form due to delay capacitor and time delay resistance,Therefore,When the interface not gate for necessarily wanting previous stage is low level,Delay capacitor is just discharged by time delay resistance to the non-gate output terminal of interface of previous stage,After delay capacitor discharge off,Corresponding display driving gate just starts,Correspondence is luminous to be indicated just to start,Therefore,Second shows that the process that driving gate starts is,When the output end of first interface not gate is low level,Delay capacitor one is discharged by time delay resistance one to the output end of first interface not gate,After discharge off,Second display driving gate starts,Second luminous indication light,When the output end of second interface not gate is low level,Delay capacitor two is discharged by time delay resistance two to the output end of second interface not gate,After discharge off,3rd display driving gate starts,3rd luminous indication light ... a to the last display drives and starts,When the output end that last display drives is for a high position,Cycling element can be started,Penetrated with amplifier tube by recirculation diode clamper,Allow tandem partial pressure unit dead electricity,The output end of interface not gate reverts to high-order to delay capacitor charging,All luminous instructions are put out,After circulation differential capacitance differential is finished,Light shows and starts the continuous-flow type circulation of next round.

9th, the explanation of color-changing unit.

Color-changing unit is made up of two discoloration counters：Line feature is that color-changing unit has two discoloration counters, and each discoloration counter is made up of two discoloration doors, discoloration guiding electric capacity, discoloration boot-strap resistor, color-changing diode.Two discoloration counters form series relationship.First discoloration counter has two outputs, and the output with the first discoloration counter is the output end of discoloration driving gate two, is connected to the input of the second discoloration counter, i.e. discoloration guiding electric capacity three guides being connected a little for electric capacity four with discoloration.

Forming the principle of counter is, another input interconnection of discoloration driving gate one and discoloration driving gate two, form positive feedback, it has been interconnected to the novel circuit of rest-set flip-flop, an input in two discoloration doors becomes triggering end, when two triggering ends wherein are negative pressure, and another one triggering end will be realized overturning when being positive signal.

Realizing the principle of this necessary condition is：When the first discoloration counter input（Discoloration guiding electric capacity one guides the tie point of electric capacity two with discoloration）During for a high position, when being that last display drives gate output terminal for a high position,（The output end for now assuming discoloration driving gate one is low level, and discoloration driving gate two output end is a high position）Output end with discoloration guiding electric capacity one, discoloration boot-strap resistor one, discoloration driving gate one forms charge circuit.And form open circuit with the output end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two, discoloration boot-strap resistor two, discoloration driving gate two.When the first discoloration counter input is low level, when being that the 3rd display driver output end is low level in display unit, discoloration guiding electric capacity one turns into negative pressure state because being unable to transition its negative pole.The discoloration input of driving gate one is negative, and the guiding electric capacity two that changes colour is not changed, and negative pressure is not produced, meets rest-set flip-flop roll over condition, so that the output end of driving gate two that changes colour is a high position.Constantly it is high-order low level due to the first discoloration counter input, so the first discoloration counter will constantly carry out counting upset.

And the upset situation of the second discoloration counter is as the first discoloration counter, difference is, the second input for changing colour counter（Discoloration guiding electric capacity three guides the tie point of electric capacity four with discoloration）It is the output for being connected to the first discoloration counter（The output end of discoloration driving gate two）, so after the first discoloration counter has overturn twice, the second discoloration counter just forms once inside out.

One input of discoloration driving gate one respectively connects an initial diode to the output end for changing colour initial not gate with an input of discoloration driving gate three, when being powered every time, discoloration driving gate three is clamped with discoloration driving gate one, so as to ensure that the original state of two discoloration counters, ensure that the color of starting, the output of last interface not gate is connected to due to the input of the first discoloration counter, when being worked due to the door, because there is the relation of cycling element, so this is the alternating of high-order low level, so the first discoloration counter can be energized work, and the change of last interface not gate height is once, first discoloration counter upset is once.The input of the second discoloration counter（Discoloration guiding electric capacity three guides the tie point of electric capacity four with discoloration）It is the output for being connected to the first discoloration counter（The output end of discoloration driving gate two）, so after the first discoloration counter has overturn twice, the second discoloration counter just forms once inside out.

The Main Function of the unit is to make luminous instruction reveal three kinds of colors of rule to carry out flashing for continuous-flow type, the flowing as water.

Specifically rule is：Luminous instruction is that the first colour light emitting flashes first, after the last instruction that lights is bright, new endless form is by second color, circulation is flashed forward by what original mode carried out continuous-flow type, after the last instruction that lights is bright, new endless form flashes forward circulation again by the third color, by what original mode carried out continuous-flow type.The endless form of the 4th time is again the first color, and the endless form of the 5th time is again second color, and the endless form of the 6th time is again the third color, after by such endless form forever circulation go down.

The reason for producing three kinds of color variations rules：

Three output ends of two discoloration counters in color-changing unit, two negative electrodes of common-anode luminous tube with three kinds of different modes clamper respectively, and the characteristic of common-anode luminous tube is, when the first negative electrode is low level, it is a kind of color, when the second negative electrode is low level, it is then second color, is then the third color when the first negative electrode and the second negative electrode are simultaneously low level.

Because the first discoloration counter two output end distinguishes clampers two negative electrodes of common-anode luminous tube by two color-changing diodes, the output end of the discoloration driving gate three of the second discoloration counter is by two color-changing diodes clamper two negative electrodes of common-anode luminous tube simultaneously.So common-anode luminous tube is when circulating first time, discoloration driving gate one output end is low, and the negative electrode of common cathode diode first is low level, and during circulation, common-anode luminous tube is flashed with the circulation that the first color makees continuous-flow type.When being triggered again, the first discoloration counter upset, for low, the negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube second is low level to the output end of the driving gate two that changes colour, and common-anode luminous tube is flashed with the circulation that second color makees continuous-flow type.When third time is circulated, the output end of discoloration driving gate three is low, because the output end of the driving gate three that changes colour is connected to two negative electrodes of common-anode luminous tube jointly, so the negative electrode of common-anode luminous tube two is all a high position, common-anode luminous tube is flashed with the circulation that the third color makees continuous-flow type.Above-mentioned regular cycles are pressed later.

Tenth, the explanation of cycling element：Cycling element is by loop start door（In Fig. 1 12.1）, circulation differential capacitance（In Fig. 1 12.2）, circulation differential discharge resistance（In Fig. 1 12.3）, circulation differential steering diode（In Fig. 1 12.5）, circulation earth resistance（In Fig. 1 12.7）, recirculation diode（In Fig. 1 12.8）Composition.

When last display driving gate output is high-order, loop start door is triggered by transient state, and clamper is penetrated with the base stage of amplifier tube, makes tandem partial pressure unit dead electricity, and rear class unit is not restarted, and until circulation differential terminates, display circulation next time is just started again.

11, music sound explanation：Each partial pressure output point connects a speech sound device, and when partial pressure output point has voltage, correspondence speech sound device sends music, and when the partial pressure output point for having high-order output is more, energized speech sound device is more, indirectly shows the relation of frequency and element.

Have the advantages that after implementation following prominent：

First, it is as a kind of its advantage of science popularization demonstrator.

1st, electricity is important content in physics.And for beginner, understand relatively easy to galvanic, and the influence to the electric current with frequency to circuit element can feel abstract.And the demonstration of this instrument can make the abstract concept of beginner become actual.Therefore there is positive effect to studying electricity in depth.Concrete condition is as follows：

（1）, because this demonstrator in the pulse power can be changed into the pulse power, it is also possible to be changed into direct current, it is possible to clearly demonstrate out resistance element under the switching of counter switch（Such as electric capacity, or inductance）In the situation that frequency is zero（It is direct current）, it is entirely different with the physical phenomenon in the case of the pulse current with frequency.

Such as electric capacity（Electric capacity its construction is two pieces of disjunct conductive materials planes）, this special construction under DC state, is being only possible to the disposable charging in transient state ground, finally as off state（Show as display portion luminous tube transient state it is bright once, then put out entirely）.But under the pulse power of frequency, theatrical change is but there occurs, because this disjunct two sides can be smoothly through electric current（The luminous tube for showing as display portion is always bright state, into flowing water shape）.

It is a good good conductor if inductance is under DC state,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion is always bright state, into flowing water shape, and from the beginning to the end）.But in the pulse current by frequency, but under the pulse power of frequency, theatrical change is but there occurs, because this end to end wire but has resistance to electric current, its physical characteristic changes completely.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion only manifests the bright state of part, is reduced into flowing water shape, i.e. light brighten the hair pipe）.

（2）, the present invention in two frequency-adjustables of oscillation source.Can demonstrate out that frequency is higher, the impact effect to frequency element is bigger, such as same parameters electric capacity, frequency is higher, and conduction is better,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

And for example same parameters inductance coil, frequency is higher, and the resistance that it is presented is bigger.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, is reduced into flowing water shape, but light brighten the hair pipe）.

（3）, can demonstrate out, under same voltage, electric capacity is bigger, and capacitive reactance is smaller, is smaller to the resistance of electric current, and inductance is bigger, then induction reactance is bigger, is bigger to the resistance of electric current.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

（4）, the main inside reason of the size that capacitive reactance is presented in electric capacity can be demonstrated out, disjunct two conducting surface in inside of such as electric capacity is bigger, then capacitive reactance is smaller, and the insulating barrier between two conducting surfaces is thicker, then capacitive reactance is smaller.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

（5）, the main inside reason of the size that induction reactance is presented in inductance can be demonstrated out, the diameter of such as coil is bigger, then induction reactance is bigger,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe is reduced）.Otherwise induction reactance is fewer,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests the bright state of part, and into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

（6）, induction reactance also whether have permeability magnetic material relevant with coil, it is and relevant with the property of permeability magnetic material.

2nd, counter switch is button electronic switch, there is benefit following prominent, and one is that button is that one kind touches button, good hand touch.Two be often by a state transformation once, it is easy to operate.Three can be clearly show be current control state, DC state in this way, at this moment indicator lamp is a kind of color, in this way the frequency power source of pulse, again can be overall high-grade in clear Chu Ming Liao into another place's color.Four is that button switch does not produce fly line in production, directly can produce and contact with printed panel, thus can be further ensured that product quality.Five is that button belongs to a kind of common components, it is easy to bought.These advantages, also allow for hookup purchase.

3rd, change-over switch is employed in formula amplifying unit back and forth, improves overall performance, its reason is to realize to amplify the further adjustable of sensitivity, has widened demonstrating effect, while part instruction is clear, while having all advantages of counter switch.

4th, the quantification effect of display is good, and one is that this instrument has formula amplifying unit back and forth, thus with sensitivity higher, particularly to when capacitive reactance is larger, can also clearly show that.Two is back and forth that being input into for formula amplifying unit is directly used by voltage after the pressure drop of test block, is the difference that ensure that surveyed part so there is very strong tracing property, and its display effect is different, with strict science.Three is back and forth formula amplifying unit input when being zero, and its output signal is zero, in the absence of initial potential, further ensures the accurate of display.

5th, the perception effect of display is good, and one is that this instrument has light to show shown with sound and deposit, increased delight effect, and beholder teaches through lively activities.Two is that light display is presented flowing water state, easily abstract concept (such as electric current) be interpreted as familiar to flowing water shape, according to luminous tube it is bright number it is far and near with " distance ", it is readily understood that the correlation between various participations.Three is strong interesting strong light display dynamic nature, because the glittering color of luminous tube is different every time, the glittering rule as double three kinds of colors can increase the attraction of eyeball.There is no data introduction with this device this glittering of rule of generation.

6th, the concept of resistance, insulator, electric current can be demonstrated out, is demonstrated out when the timing of voltage one, the relation between electric current and resistance.Resistance is bigger, the smaller visual effect of electric current.More basic electricity knowledge is set up with the student for making the age smaller.

7th, because above-mentioned some reason, at the same this instrument belong to the popular demonstrator of initial stage.Adapt to wide, primary school is suitable for middle school, thus demand is big.

8th, the active part almost all of this instrument is two input nand gates, so easily production, simply, low cost is easy to popularization for debugging.

2nd, the advantage produced as a kind of experimental circuit.

Circuit of the present invention is simplified, and each unit contact science, operability is very strong, therefore can be conigenous row experiment installation with heuristics, by self-control, can further improve students ' practical ability and practical level, and this has positive meaning to improving students ' quality.And the present invention there are following characteristics in self-control, thus it is very suitable for self-control：

1st, active part is almost all two input nand gates, therefore is easy to beginner to the understanding of two input nand gates, due to active part single varieties, gives prominence to the key points, and is conducive to beginner to learn, it is to avoid numerous and be weary of studying, or not rotten situation of grasping too much.

2nd, each unit independence, can be powered inspection in units of unit.The tube light that lighted and each unit is filled with certain interest, such as display unit, after success is that flowing water circulates shape, and is circulated as three kinds of different colours, and for example formula amplifying unit back and forth, can develop out and go out to put forward high-tension entertaining phenomenon.

3rd, between each unit between connect science, will not substantially produce failure, thus complete unit debugging after, so that it may complete overall work.

4th, this simple two inputs not gate logical relation, by different combinations, can develop into the logical relation of series, and various functions, thus can guide beginner's positive thinking, expand imagination space, be conducive to education of improving the quality.

5th, beginner can be allowed it is understood that the constructively input only more than not gate of two input nand gate circuits, but on online roadshow becomes, the change than not gate is more, and circuit letter.

6th, two oscillating circuits particularly are devised, with the unit of button switch circuit two, Unit two is constituted with two input nand gates, and in the combination of unit, there is very big identical point, but just because the difference of a bit, just generates entirely different electric institute's performance, thus there is very big enlightenment.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of two oscillation sources of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics, counter switch, instrument connection, back and forth formula amplifying unit, the electronic circuitry of tandem partial pressure unit.

In figure：1.0th, button switch；1.08th, boot-strap resistor three is switched；1.1st, one is switched；1.2nd, two are switched；1.11st, switch guiding electric capacity one；1.21st, switch guiding electric capacity two；1.12nd, boot-strap resistor one is switched；1.22nd, boot-strap resistor two is switched；1.18th, the source resistance of is switched；1.28th, the source resistance of two is switched；1.8th, clamp diode is switched；2.1st, one is vibrated；2.2nd, two are vibrated；2.3rd, isolating door is vibrated；2.11st, crossover resistance one is vibrated；2.21st, crossover resistance two is vibrated；2.12nd, the upper inclined resistance of one is vibrated；2.13rd, vibration starts differential capacitance；2.15th, vibration starts diode；2.16th, vibration starts differential discharge resistance；2.18th, inclined resistance under vibrating one；2.23rd, two upper inclined fixed resistances are vibrated；2.22nd, two upper inclined adjustable resistances are vibrated；2.25th, inclined resistance under vibrating two；2.8th, isolation resistance is vibrated；3.1st, instrument connection one；3.2nd, instrument connection two；5.1st, commutation diode；5.11st, one-level electric capacity；5.2nd, diode one is lifted；5.21st, two grades of electric capacity；5.3rd, diode two is lifted；5.31st, three-level electric capacity；5.5th, diode three is lifted；5.51st, level Four electric capacity；5.8th, penetrate with amplifier tube；6.11st, one-level partial pressure branch road；6.12nd, one-level partial pressure output point；6.21st, two grades of partial pressure branch roads；6.22nd, two grades of partial pressure output points；6.31st, three-level partial pressure branch road；6.32nd, three-level partial pressure output point；6.N1, afterbody partial pressure branch road；6.N2, afterbody partial pressure output point.

Fig. 2 is a kind of Logic Interface Unit of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics, delay unit, light display level, cycling element, voice level electronic circuitry.

In figure：5.8th, penetrate with amplifier tube；6.11st, one-level partial pressure branch road；6.12nd, one-level partial pressure output point；6.21st, two grades of partial pressure branch roads；6.22nd, two grades of partial pressure output points；6.31st, three-level partial pressure branch road；6.32nd, three-level partial pressure output point；6.N1, afterbody partial pressure branch road；6.N2, afterbody partial pressure output point；7.1st, first interface not gate；7.2nd, second interface not gate；7.3rd, the 3rd interface not gate；7.N, last interface not gate；8.21st, time delay resistance one；8.22nd, delay capacitor one；8.23rd, time delay isolating diode one；8.31st, time delay resistance two；8.32nd, delay capacitor two；8.33rd, time delay isolating diode two；8.N1, time delay resistance N；8.N2, delay capacitor N；8.N3, time delay isolating diode N；9.11st, first display driving gate；9.12nd, first luminous instruction；9.21st, second display driving gate；9.22nd, second luminous instruction；9.31st, the 3rd display driving gate；9.32nd, the 3rd luminous instruction；9.N1, last display driving gate；9.N2, last luminous instruction；10.1st, change colour driving gate one；10.11st, discoloration guiding electric capacity one；10.12nd, change colour boot-strap resistor one；10.15th, color-changing diode one；10.2nd, change colour driving gate two；10.21st, discoloration guiding electric capacity two；10.22nd, change colour boot-strap resistor two；10.25th, color-changing diode two；10.5th, change colour driving gate three；10.51st, discoloration guiding electric capacity three；10.52nd, change colour boot-strap resistor three；10.57th, the color-changing diode one of three colors；10.58th, the color-changing diode two of three colors；10.8th, change colour driving gate four；10.81st, discoloration guiding electric capacity four；10.82nd, change colour boot-strap resistor four；11.1st, change colour initial differential capacitance；11.2nd, change colour initial not gate；11.3rd, change colour original differential discharge resistance；11.5th, change colour initial diode one；11.8th, change colour initial diode two；12.1st, loop start door；12.2nd, differential capacitance is circulated；12.3rd, differential discharge resistance is circulated；12.5th, differential steering diode is circulated；12.7th, earth resistance is circulated；12.8th, recirculation diode；13.1st, the first speech sound device；13.2nd, the second speech sound device；13.3rd, the 3rd speech sound device；13.N, last speech sound device.

Specific embodiment

First, element is selected：Active part is selected by figure, loop start door, the initial not gate that changes colour, discoloration driving gate, display driving gate, interface not gate, vibration door, vibration isolating door, switch gate are all using the gate circuit of two inputs.

Differential capacitance uses electrodeless electric capacity with guiding electric capacity.

Luminous tube uses two negative electrodes and is the common-anode luminous tube of highlighted degree type.It is short period class that musical film is used when ringing.Button switch uses the species that can be directly welded with printed panel.Resistor is without particular/special requirement.

2nd, weld：Two oscillation sources, counter switch, instrument connection, formula amplifying unit back and forth, the electronic circuit of tandem partial pressure unit is connected as shown in Figure 1；Logic Interface Unit, delay unit, light display level, cycling element, voice level electronic circuit is welded as shown in Figure 2.Counter switch state instruction luminous tube is two kinds of different colors.

3rd, debug.

1st, check and two oscillation sources of debugging.

A, it is grounded with frequency counter its cold end, connection two gate output terminals of vibration in hot junction now, have frequency and shows, is vibration two and vibrate three and intersect line sealing-off if nothing.

B, with frequency counter, the output end of connection vibration two, partially adjustable in regulation vibration two, oscilloscope display waveform can change, and within the requirement of design.If incorrect, the upper inclined fixed resistance resistance connected should be adjusted, its rule is bigger resistance, and frequency is slower.

2nd, check and debugging counter switch.

A, the red test pencil connection button line output with universal meter, black meter pen ground wire, press button switch, it is under the contact of button switch is for on-state, button line output is zero, then clicks button switch, is under the contact of button switch is for off-state, button line output is high-order voltage output, such as it is incorrect, be to switch boot-strap resistor three not connected with power supply.

B, the output end with the red test pencil connecting valve two of universal meter, press button switch, loose one's grip afterwards, and the output end for now switching two can occur one-shot change, such as be changed into height from low level, or be changed into low from a high position.If incorrect, be switch one with switch two intersect line wrong, do not have as rest-set flip-flop.

C, a button switch is often pressed, the switch output end of two can all change once, and one, switch can change once with two two state instruction luminous tubes be connected of switch, be always one bright one and put out, such as incorrect, then be that the luminous tube polarity in state instruction is welded instead.

3rd, check and debug formula amplifying unit unit back and forth.

（1）, signal amplifies situation in formula amplifying unit unit back and forth to check debugging.

Oscillograph inspection is used, hot junction connects each detection output, cold end ground connection.

A, inductively or capacitively it is connected on instrument connection with one, with oscillograph hot junction connecting test hole two, now oscillograph has waveform to show, is otherwise wrong circuit.

B, one-level electric capacity anode is connected with oscillograph hot junction, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, is otherwise that commutation diode weldering is wrong.

C, two grades of electric capacity anodes are connected with oscillograph hot junction, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, but amplitude should double than one-level rectification.It is to be connected in two grades of electric capacity negative poles with one gate output terminal sealing-off of vibration as incorrect.

D, three-level capacitance cathode is connected with oscillograph hot junction, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, but amplitude should be three times of one-level rectification.It is three-level electric capacity negative pole and two gate output terminal sealing-offs of vibration as incorrect.

（2）, formula amplifying unit unit is penetrated with output situation back and forth to check debugging.

General-purpose table look-up is used, with the hot junction of universal meter（It is red test pencil）Connect and penetrate with the emitter voltage of amplifier tube, cold end（It is black meter pen）Ground connection.

A, the voltage should be similar to base voltage,（Only differ from 0.7 volt or so）.

B, in emitter stage and a upper less resistance, now voltage number should change less, otherwise be to penetrate inadequate with the value of magnification of amplifier tube.

4th, check and debugging tandem partial pressure unit.

With oscillograph or general-purpose table look-up, the voltage of each partial pressure output point of the circuit is connect successively with the hot junction of universal meter.

A, on instrument connection, connect a testing capacitor, the frequency in regulation impulse hunting source increases frequency, now each output dividing point of tandem bleeder circuit, it may appear that the partial pressure output point of high voltage can increase.

B, on instrument connection, connect a test inductance, the frequency in regulation impulse hunting source increases frequency, now each output dividing point of tandem bleeder circuit, it may appear that the partial pressure output point of high voltage can be reduced.

5th, check and debugging Logic Interface Unit.

With oscillograph or general-purpose table look-up, input and the output end of interface not gate in the unit are connect successively with the hot junction of universal meter.

A, when the output end of tandem bleeder circuit is less than threshold voltage, the non-gate output terminal of interface is high-order position.

B, when tandem bleeder circuit output end be higher than threshold voltage when, the non-gate output terminal of interface be low level position.

6th, check and debugging light display unit.

A, not will demonstration element insertion instrument connection when, each luminous instruction should not work, and otherwise be wrong line.

B, in the bright flowing water cyclic process of lamp, the common-anode luminous tube of the first smooth display unit was bright before this, be afterwards the second smooth display unit common anode level luminous tube it is bright, but the common-anode luminous tube of the first smooth display unit does not put out, common-anode luminous tube followed by the 3rd smooth display unit is still bright, the common-anode luminous tube of other light display units does not put out, later rule by this to the last.Common-anode luminous tube to last light display unit lights.Constantly circulation, incorrect, is even wrong circuit.

7th, check and color-changing unit.

Two initial diodes of discoloration counter in A, disconnection color-changing unit, use oscillograph（Or universal meter）Positive pole connection the counter of color-changing unit first, wherein an output end be low level, then another output end for a high position, otherwise, be two drivers be connected with each other feedback cross line connection error, fail to realize positive feedback.

Two preset diodes of discoloration counter in B, disconnection color-changing unit, use oscillograph（Or universal meter）Positive pole connection the counter of color-changing unit second, wherein an output end be low level, then another output end for a high position, otherwise, be two drivers be connected with each other feedback cross line connection error, fail to realize positive feedback.

The line of the non-gate output terminal of C, de-interfaced and color-changing unit first order counter input, with the wire contacts of the input of first order counter once power end, then ground wire is contacted again, now generation one-shot change is such as changed into high-order by two output ends of the counter from low level, step in repetition, the output end of the first counter will occur one-shot change again, such as become low level by a high position, its output end will again become raw one-shot change, otherwise be that circuit is wrong.

Line between D, disconnection color-changing unit first order counter and the second counter input, with the wire contacts of the second pole counter input once power end, then ground wire is contacted again, now the output end of the second counter will occur one-shot change, such as it is changed into high-order from low level, step in repetition, the output end of the second counter will occur one-shot change again, low level is such as become by a high position, is otherwise that circuit is wrong.

E, the initial diode for recovering first order counter and second level counter, during energization.Discoloration driving gate one is a high position with the output end of discoloration driving gate three, is otherwise initial diode sealing-off, or polarity weldering is instead.

F, the line for recovering the counter input of color-changing unit first, after first time, circulation was finished, it is second color to circulate for the second time glittering, and it is the third color to circulate for the third time glittering, it is that the color-changing diode between color-changing unit and luminous instruction is not connected with if incorrect.

8th, cycling element is detected.

The output end of loop start door is surveyed with the red test pencil of voltmeter, when last display driving gate output is high-order, the output end of loop start door should export low level, otherwise be that the differential of loop start input is not connected.

9th, the detection of voice level：When partial pressure output point exports a high position, corresponding speech sound device work is encouraged, be otherwise that speech sound device is not connected.

10th, check that two oscillation sources are the working condition under DC state.

A, the pulse power is switched under DC state with button switch, now oscillograph is shown as direct current, and the voltage magnitude for finally exporting is approximate with first order capacity measurement point voltage magnitude, slightly smaller.

B, on instrument connection, connect the resistance of different resistances, if resistance is smaller, bright unit is more.

C, on instrument connection, connect a testing capacitor, at this moment display unit occur transient state it is bright once.

D, on instrument connection, the connection larger electric capacity of one capacity, at this moment display unit occur transient state it is bright once, and bright luminous tube can increase.

E, on instrument connection, connect a test inductance, this time display level occurs the bright situation of all units.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics, it is characterized in that：By two oscillation sources, counter switch, instrument connection, formula amplifying unit back and forth, tandem partial pressure unit, Logic Interface Unit, delay unit, light display level, cycling element, voice level is collectively constituted；

Wherein：Counter switch is made up of the source resistance of button switch, one, switch, two, switch, switch guiding electric capacity one, switch guiding electric capacity two, switch boot-strap resistor one, switch boot-strap resistor two, switch clamp diode, switch boot-strap resistor three, two switch gates：One end ground wire of button switch,The other end of button switch connects switch boot-strap resistor three with power supply,The other end of button switch is the output end of button circuit,Connect the positive pole that two switches guide electric capacity,The negative pole of switch guiding electric capacity one is two-way,An input of one, switch is connect all the way,Another road connects switch boot-strap resistor one to the output end for switching,The negative pole of switch guiding electric capacity two is two-way,An input of two, switch is connect all the way,Another road connects switch boot-strap resistor two to the output end of switch two,The output end of another input termination switch two of one, switch,The output end of another input termination switch one of two, switch,The output end of one, switch respectively connects a state instruction with the output end for switching two with power supply,A source resistance is respectively connect between the output end and power supply of two switch gates,The output end of two, switch is the output of counter switch,Connect the negative pole of switch clamp diode；

Two oscillation sources are made up of oscillating circuit with vibration isolation circuit；

Oscillating circuit starts inclined resistance under differential capacitance, vibration start inclined resistance under diode, vibration start differential discharge resistance, vibration one, the upper inclined fixed resistance of vibration two, the upper inclined adjustable resistance of vibration two, vibration two and constitutes by vibration one, vibration two, vibration cross capacitance one, vibration cross capacitance two, the upper inclined resistance of vibration one, vibration；

Oscillating circuit is made up of vibration isolating door, vibration isolation resistance：Two inputs of vibration one are connected,Upper inclined resistance of the power supply to the indirect vibration one of the input for vibrating,Vibration starts differential capacitance serial oscillation startup diode between power supply and the input of vibration one,Its series connection point connects vibration and starts differential discharge resistance to ground wire,The upper inclined adjustable resistance of vibration two and the upper inclined fixed resistance of vibration two are serially connected between an input of power supply and vibration two,The input of vibration one and vibration one input of two respectively connect one over the ground under inclined resistance,The output termination vibration cross capacitance one of vibration one arrives another input of vibration two,The output termination vibration cross capacitance two of vibration two arrives the input of vibration one,Input of the output termination vibration isolation resistance of vibration two to vibration isolating door,Two inputs for vibrating isolating door are connected,Vibrate the positive pole of the input termination switch clamp diode of isolating door,Vibration isolation and amplifier end is two outputs of oscillation source,Connect instrument connection one；

Formula amplifying unit is by the oscillating circuit in two oscillation sources and four electric capacity, four lifting diodes back and forth, and commutation diode and penetrating is constituted with amplifier tube：Instrument connection two connects commutation diode to the positive pole of one-level electric capacity, three lifting Diode series one-level electric capacity positive pole and penetrate with amplifier tube base stage between, each series connection point connects a positive pole for electric capacity respectively, the negative pole of two grades of electric capacity connects the output end of vibration one, the negative pole of three-level electric capacity connects the output end of vibration two, the negative pole ground wire of level Four electric capacity, penetrates and connects power supply with the colelctor electrode of amplifier tube, penetrate with the emitter stage of amplifier tube be formula amplifying unit back and forth output；

Tandem partial pressure unit is made up of Multilevel partial-pressure branch road, every grade of partial pressure branch road is constituted by voltage-stabiliser tube and aisle resistance, all voltage-stabiliser tubes are connected on back and forth between the output of formula amplifying unit and ground wire, and as Multilevel partial-pressure output point, every grade of partial pressure output point connects an aisle resistance to ground wire；

Delay unit is made up of multiple delay circuits, each time delay resistance, delay capacitor, time delay isolating diode composition；

Light display level is made up of multiple light display units with color-changing unit：Each hands over display unit to be made up of with luminous instruction display driving gate；

Logic Interface Unit is made up of multiple interface not gates；

Two inputs of each interface not gate are connected,Respectively connect a partial pressure output point,Except first interface not gate and the first display drive outdoors,Remaining each interface not gate one delay circuit of correspondence,One display driving gate of each delay circuit correspondence,First output end of interface not gate directly connects the input of the first display driving gate in light display level,First output end of interface not gate also connects time delay resistance one and arrives ground wire to delay capacitor one,Except the output end of first non-total interface not gate outdoors of interface all respectively connects an isolating diode to the input of correspondence display driving gate,Since the second display driving gate,The input of each later display driving gate connects a delay capacitor to ground wire,By common anode resistance, anode light pipe is connected into together for each luminous instruction,One end of the output termination common anode resistance of each display driving gate,The anode of another termination common-anode luminous tube of common anode resistance；

Color-changing unit is made up of two-stage discoloration counter with discoloration original differential circuit：Respectively contain two discoloration driving gates, discoloration boot-strap resistor, discoloration guiding electric capacity, color-changing diode in every grade of discoloration counter；

Discoloration guiding electric capacity one is connected with one end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two,Input as one-level discoloration counter,The input of the output termination one-level discoloration counter of last interface not gate,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity one is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate one is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor one to the output end of discoloration driving gate one,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate two is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor two to the output end of discoloration driving gate two,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate two of discoloration driving gate one,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate one of discoloration driving gate two,Two outputs of one-level discoloration counter,It is the change colour output end of driving gate one and the output end of discoloration driving gate two,A negative electrode of the output termination color-changing diode one of discoloration driving gate one to all common-anode luminous tubes,Another negative electrode of the output termination color-changing diode two of discoloration driving gate two to all common-anode luminous tubes；One end of discoloration guiding electric capacity three is connected with one end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four,As two grades of inputs of discoloration counter,Output two grades of inputs of discoloration counter of termination of discoloration driving gate two,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity three is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate three is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor three to the output end of discoloration driving gate three,The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four is two-way,An input of discoloration driving gate four is connect all the way,Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor four to the output end of discoloration driving gate four,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate four of discoloration driving gate three,The output end of another input termination discoloration driving gate three of discoloration driving gate four,The output end of discoloration driving gate three is two grades of outputs of discoloration counter,Two negative electrodes of all common-anode luminous tubes respectively connect a color-changing diode to two grades of outputs of discoloration counter；

Discoloration original differential circuit is made up of discoloration initial differential capacitance, the initial not gate that changes colour, discoloration original differential discharge resistance, the initial diode one that changes colour, the initial diode two that changes colour：One termination power of the initial differential capacitance that changes colour, the other end is two-way, discoloration original differential discharge resistance to ground wire is connect all the way, another road connects the input of the initial not gate that changes colour, the initial diode one that changes colour is connected on an input of discoloration driving gate one to the output end of the initial not gate that changes colour, and the initial diode two that changes colour is connected on an input of discoloration driving gate three to the output end of the initial not gate that changes colour；

Cycling element is made up of loop start door, circulation differential capacitance, circulation differential discharge resistance, circulation differential steering diode, circulation earth resistance, recirculation diode：The one of circulation differential capacitance terminates the output end of last display driving gate, the other end for circulating differential capacitance is two-way, circulation differential steering diode to the input of loop start door is connect all the way, another road connects circulation differential discharge resistance to ground wire, the input termination circulation earth resistance of loop start door, recirculation diode is connected between the output end penetrated with base stage and the loop start door of amplifier tube；

Voice level：It is made up of multiple speech sound devices：Each partial pressure output point of tandem partial pressure unit connects a speech sound device.

2. a kind of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Loop start door, the initial not gate that changes colour, discoloration driving gate, display driving gate, interface not gate, vibration door, vibration isolating door, switch gate are all using the gate circuit of two inputs.

3. a kind of discharge lag type double-purpose heuristics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Differential capacitance uses electrodeless electric capacity with guiding electric capacity.