CN106920440A - Four vibration scientific popular instruments - Google Patents

Abstract

Four vibration scientific popular instruments,Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field,By button change-over switch,Four oscillation sources,Instrument connection,Composite lifting circuit,Equal difference reduction voltage circuit,Logic preset level,Display level,Voice level composition,Make active part with two input gates,Form various logical relations,As one kind vibration scientific popular instrument,When testee inserts instrument connection,Selecting four oscillation sources to export by button change-over switch has frequency and without frequency two-way power supply,After being amplified by composite lifting circuit,Start equal difference reduction voltage circuit,Restart logic early warning level,Light is formed by display level and voice level to indicate to be indicated with voice,The luminous continuous-flow type for being instructed in three kinds of color states of color-changing unit control in display level of the invention shows,With certain interest,The present invention can demonstrate out being closely connected for object structures and frequency according to the speed of object frequencies,Solution capacitive reactance and the meaning of induction reactance,So as to allow beginner to lay certain electricity basis,Numerous teenagers can be cultivated to have deep love for science.

Description

Four vibration scientific popular instruments

Technical field

Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field.

Background technology

Innovation is the soul of nationality, and young student are the strength of innovation.

The prosperity of country is talent, and the culture of talent is to educate.The emphasis teenager of education, juvenile Qiang Ze Guoqiang, The progressive then state progress of teenager, will cultivate teenager and science is had deep love for, and it is crucial to improve the quality of teaching, and laboratory apparatus is precisely A key factor of teaching is improved, laboratory apparatus is good, the experiment done more convincingness, so that students ' understanding things, Solution natural phenomena, inspires the thinking of student, is played an important role to improving level of education.Therefore, the various experiment instruments in teaching Device also has many weak points all constantly being lifted：One is the species deficiency of laboratory apparatus, especially for low The laboratory apparatus of classman is not also comprehensive.Two be the spirit taught through lively activities in instruments used for education not enough, three is most religions now The cost of instrument village school too high thus remote to some is learned, many universal instruments used for education can't be spread to.

Electricity is most important a kind of class in physics, full of magical Experiments of Electricity, can excite the interest of teenager, together When play the role of to the basic conception of setting up electricity it is important, if a kind of outstanding hookup can be developed, and this experiment Circuit can visualize electricity part concept and law by abstract, it is clear that have positive help to educatee.Such as Really this circuit can turn into the self-control hookup of beginner again, undoubtedly will have positive meaning to the quality-oriented education for lifting student Justice.

But design a kind of a kind of self-control hookup that can turn into beginner again simultaneously with circuit of demonstration instrument There is difficult point, one be to make the demonstration in terms of that because the concept in electricity is many from demonstrating effect, two is that this instrument is intended It is fixed to there is the element being closely connected to make the demonstration of physical property primarily directed to electric capacity, inductance etc. and frequency, and to make that several respect Demonstration, could by its it is physical sufficiently shown, three are, especially it is important that, although some circuits can reach Demonstration purpose, but a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit can not be turned into, because a kind of outstanding self-control experimental circuit is moved back relating to respectively Unit experiment theme is suitable for beginner, while move back relate to the interest of beginner, and whether success easy to install etc. series is asked Topic, so this kind of outstanding circuit must also enrich, innovates, develop.

The present invention is exactly that, using two input gates as a kind of substantially active part, as the active important document of unit, can constitute many The logical relation of function is planted, so as to expand the thinking of student.

The content of the invention

The present invention is exactly that, using two input gates as a kind of substantially active part, as the active important document of unit, can constitute many The logical relation of function is planted, as a kind of outstanding circuit, its purpose one is that the circuit can turn into a kind of demonstrator, by this Plant demonstrator demonstration and will be seen that resistance element structure is contacted with the close of frequency, and then understand the meaning of capacitive reactance and induction reactance, So as to allow beginner to lay certain electricity basis, this demonstrator can turn into a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.Two It is the instrument because of three kinds of displays of color with light with sound, therefore with certain interest, numerous teenagers can have been cultivated Science is had deep love for.Three is to turn into a kind of outstanding making experimental line, and the circuit has various features, thus is conducive to system , the basic quality to improving student is played a positive role.

Measure of the present invention is：

1st, four vibration scientific popular instruments are by button change-over switch, four oscillation sources, instrument connection, composite lifting circuit, equal difference step-down electricity Road, logic preset level, display level, voice level is collectively constituted.

Wherein：Button change-over switch switchs clamp diode by four doors for switching and two state instructions, button switch Composition：One end ground wire of button switch, an input of four, another termination switch gate three and switch, four, switch The output end of another input termination switch three, the output end of another input termination switch two of three, switch, switch One connects a state instruction respectively with the output end for switching two, and of one, the output termination switch of three, switch is input into End, an input of two, the output termination switch of four, switch, another input termination switch two of one, switch Output end, the output end of another input termination switch one of two, switch, the output end of two, switch is button conversion The output of switch, connects the negative pole of switch clamp diode, and the positive pole for switching clamp diode connects vibration isolation in four oscillation sources The input of door.

Four oscillation sources by vibration door one, vibration door two, vibration door three, vibration door four, vibration isolating door, vibrate adjustable limit Value resistance, vibration adjustable resistance, oscillating capacitance, vibration isolation resistance composition：The two of the output termination vibration door four of vibration door three Input, an input of the output termination vibration door one of vibration door, an input of the output termination vibration door two of vibration door four End, the output end of another input termination vibration door two of vibration door one, another input termination for vibrating door two vibrates the defeated of door one Go out end, vibrate adjustable limit value resistance and the output end of vibration door two and two inputs of vibration door three are connected on vibration adjustable resistance End, oscillating capacitance is connect between the control end and ground wire of vibration door three, and vibration isolation resistance is connected on the output end of vibration door two and shakes Swing between two inputs of isolating door, the output for vibrating isolating door connects instrument connection to the commutation diode of composite lifting circuit.

Composite lifting circuit by commutation diode, one-level electric capacity, lifting diode I and II electric capacity, lifting diode two, Three-level electric capacity, lifting diode three, level Four electric capacity, penetrate with triggering resistance, emitter follower constitute：Each lifting two of commutation diode series connection Pole pipe is followed by penetrating the base stage with triggering resistance to emitter follower, and its series connection point respectively connects the positive pole of an electric capacity, and the negative pole of one-level electric capacity connects Ground wire, the negative pole of two grades of electric capacity connects the output end of vibration door one, and the negative pole of three-level electric capacity connects the output end of vibration door two, level Four electricity The negative pole ground wire of appearance, the colelctor electrode of emitter follower connects power supply, and the emitter stage of emitter follower is the output of composite lifting circuit.

Equal difference reduction voltage circuit is made up of multistage equal difference partial pressure：Every grade of equal difference partial pressure is constituted by voltage-stabiliser tube and earth resistance, Each voltage-stabiliser tube is connected, and its series connection point is each equal difference partial pressure output point, and earth resistance, each equal difference partial pressure output point are connect with ground wire Connect the preset unit in logic preset level, a logic power for display unit for being output into display level of preset unit.

Logic preset level is made up of multiple logic preset units.

Logic preset unit is made up of two preset devices with two preset diodes：Two preset devices are connected, and its input connects correspondence Equal difference partial pressure output point, output connects a logic power for display unit of display level, and the negative pole of two preset diodes is connected on In the output of logic preset unit.

Display level is made up of multiple display units.

Each display unit is driven by three display driving gates, three commissure electric capacity, three luminous instructions, three displays The output end resistance of door, the upper inclined resistance of input and inclined resistance and color-changing unit are constituted under being input into.

One input of each display driving gate connects logic power respectively；Each shows another input of driving gate and patrols Collect power supply and connect the upper inclined resistance of input, inclined resistance under being input into is connect with ground wire；First commissure electric capacity is connected on the defeated of the first display driving gate Go out between another input of end and the second display driving gate, the second commissure electric capacity be connected on the output end of the second display driving gate with Another input of the 3rd display driving gate, the 3rd commissure electric capacity is connected on the output end of the 3rd display driving gate and the first display is driven Another input of dynamic door；The output end of each display driving gate connects output end resistance with logic power.

By common cathode luminous tube, negative electricity resistance is concatenated into together for each luminous instruction, the output termination of each display driving gate One one end of common cathode resistance, the negative electrode of another termination common cathode luminous tube of common cathode resistance.

Color-changing unit is made up of two discoloration counters：Each discoloration counter by two discoloration doors, discoloration guiding electric capacity, Discoloration boot-strap resistor, color-changing diode composition：Discoloration guiding electric capacity one is connected with one end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two, connects the 3rd and shows Show the output end of driving gate, the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity one is two-way, and an input of discoloration door one, Ling Yilu are connect all the way Discoloration boot-strap resistor one to the output end of discoloration door one is connect, the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two is two-way, and discoloration door is connect all the way Two input, another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor two to the output end of discoloration door two, another input termination of the door one that changes colour The output end of discoloration door two, the output end of another input termination discoloration door one of the door two that changes colour, the output of the door one that changes colour is terminated and become Color diode one to correspondence display unit in common cathode luminous tube an anode, change colour door two output termination color-changing diode Two to correspondence display unit in common cathode luminous tube another anode, discoloration guiding electric capacity three with discoloration guiding electric capacity four one End is connected, and connects the output end of discoloration door two, and the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity three is two-way, and an input of discoloration door three is connect all the way End, another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor three to the output end of discoloration door three, and the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four is two-way, all the way An input of discoloration door four is connect, another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor four to the output end of discoloration door four, change colour the another of door three Input terminates the output end of discoloration door four, the output end of another input termination discoloration door three of the door four that changes colour, and change colour the defeated of door three Go out two the 3rd color color-changing diodes of termination to two anodes of correspondence display unit common cathode luminous tube, discoloration guiding electric capacity two The other end respectively connect the positive pole of preset diode with the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four.

Voice level is made up of multiple speech sound devices：The output end and logic power of the 3rd display driving gate in each display unit All connect a speech sound device series connection voice resistance.

2nd, the voltage stabilizing value of each voltage-stabiliser tube is consistent in equal difference reduction voltage circuit.

3rd, emitter follower uses NPN triode 8050.

4th, discoloration door, display driving gate, preset device, vibration door, vibration isolating door, switch gate are defeated using same type of two Enter formula ungated integrated circuit.

Meaning interpretation to above-mentioned measure is as follows：

First, the principle produced by whole circuit diagram.

It with two input nand gates is main active important document that the present invention is, logic unit is constituted with him, then again with logic Unit constitutes various functions.

A kind of four oscillation sources are constituted with two input not gates, as four oscillation sources, when resistance element,（It is electricity Appearance, inductance and resistance,）, when being connected in instrument connection two ends, series relationship is become with four oscillation sources, what four oscillation sources were produced Electric current is amplified by after the frequency element surveyed, entering into composite lifting circuit, and composite lifting circuit output has been encouraged Difference reduction voltage circuit, the circuit has multiple partial pressure output points, a logic preset unit is connected to respectively, and then each logic is preset The output of unit directly controls a display unit in display level, when partial pressure output point no-voltage, logic preset unit In preset device, enclose display unit.After its partial pressure output point exceedes threshold voltage, the preset device in logic preset unit swashs Encourage display unit work.It follows that composite lifting circuit output signal is stronger, the equal difference partial pressure output point of equal difference reduction voltage circuit Number is more, and the preset device in logic preset level has many of high-order output, thus institute's excitation display unit is more.Thus can be from various Aspect demonstrates the plurality of properties that resistance element is embodied in circuit.

For demonstrating effect is abundant, this measure notice it is following some：

One is four oscillation sources, can turn into the pulse power form of tool frequency, and it zero is direct current that can be as frequency again Form, with two kinds of different power supplys, can promote the understanding of antagonism element.Because two kinds of power supplys will produce non-to frequency element The effect of Chang Butong.

Two is that the conversion of two kinds of power supplys is performed by button change-over switch, and button change-over switch has electronics self-insurance Hold, operation is touched, be easy to state instruction, produce without number of advantages such as fly lines, thus overall performance can be obviously improved.

Three be in four oscillation sources, in increased frequency-adjustable, therefore can not only demonstrate resistance element have frequency with Two kinds of direct current are special, can further look at influence of the frequency height to element.

Four, to expand effect, increased and enter into composite lifting circuit, are amplified and have expanded demonstrating effect.

Five is that light and sound effective value are employed on demonstrating effect.

Six is that its display effect is flowing water pattern, and its benefit is abstract electric current can be become into current familiar to institute, Simultaneously in cyclic process, three kinds of colors are become automatically, increased interest.

Seven is that to have embodied in measure of the invention be that circuit in a kind of outstanding experiment, because being conducive to exciting youth's Learning enthusiasm, is conducive to improving the quality-oriented education of student.Reason one is to have focused on theme protrusion, and this electricity is planted and highlighted to two inputs The understanding of not gate, because nearly all unit is made up of two input nand gates.It is avoided that beginner produces numerous and is weary of studying Situation.Two is a kind of simple two input nand gates logical relation, and by different combinations, the logic that can develop into series is closed System, thus beginner's positive thinking can be guided, imagination space is expanded, be conducive to education of improving the quality.Three is relative each unit Independent, each unit contact science, debugging is simple, substantially once filling into.Four is that each unit has certain interest when checking, is guided Experimenter gos deep into.Five is the constructively input only more than not gate of two input nand gate circuits, but on online roadshow becomes, than non- The change of door is more, and circuit letter.Six is vibration and two big units of switch of volume unit group constituted with two input nand gates There is a very big identical point, but just because there is the difference of some constraint, just generate entirely different electric institute's performance, thus have There is very big enlightenment.

2nd, four explanations of oscillation source.

Four oscillation sources are by vibration door one（In Fig. 1 2.1）, vibration door two（In Fig. 1 2.2）, vibration door three（In Fig. 1 2.3）, vibration door four（In Fig. 1 2.4）, vibration isolating door（In Fig. 1 2.5）, vibrate adjustable limit value resistance（In Fig. 1 2.6）, vibration adjustable resistance（In Fig. 1 2.7）, oscillating capacitance（In Fig. 1 2.8）, vibration isolation resistance（In Fig. 1 2.9）Group Into.

The oscillation principle of formation is：The input that Men Yiyu vibration doors two are vibrated in this grade has been interconnected to rest-set flip-flop Novel circuit, two inputs wherein become two inputs in not gate, when an input is low level, and the other end During for a high position, will realize overturning.

Men Sanyu vibrations Men Si is vibrated in this level and constitutes phase inverter, the output end of two doors is connected to the two of rest-set flip-flop Individual triggering end.Therefore in the output end of vibration Men Sanyu vibration doors four, one is output as height, then another door is low, otherwise one Low level is output as, then another Men Weigao.When both signals are added to two input of rest-set flip-flop, effectively triggering letter can be turned into Number.Due to vibrating the output end of door two vibration door three has been connected in series by vibration adjustable resistance and the adjustable limit value resistance of vibration Input, so when the output end for vibrating door two for it is high-order when, it is height to vibrate the input of door three, and output end is low, vibration The input of door four is low, and output end is height, and when two triggering ends to rest-set flip-flop are triggered, two output ends of rest-set flip-flop must Fixed upset, and as once new state, if state is a high position before, the output end for vibrating door two will be by high-order step-down Position.To be uprised by low when overturning for second.Will be by repeating such rule after step-down high, so as to produce shake during third time Swing.

The vibration adjustable resistance that the vibration output end of door two is connected to the vibration input of door three enters with adjustable limit value resistance is vibrated Oscillating capacitance has played triple role, and one is that the change for vibrating the output end of door two is passed into vibration door three, and two is to make vibration door three Input have certain elementary errors with the change of output end of vibration door two, so as to the necessary condition for causing to vibrate.Three is composition Integral constant become frequency-adjustable.It is to vibrate adjustable resistance in the line and vibrate connecting and vibration electricity for adjustable limit value Appearance together form the time constant of frequency of oscillation, and regulation vibration adjustable resistance can debug frequency of oscillation, vibration therein Adjustable limit value resistance is to a kind of adjustable limitation.

Why this instrument unit mainly has following benefit using such circuit, as a kind of demonstrator, there is following good Place, one is this oscillating circuit, and with vibration is easily played, stable, two is frequency-adjustable, is that the integrated circuit i.e. performance of product is established Good condition.Circuit as a kind of outstanding experiment has following benefit, and one is to constitute logic using two input not gates Basic important document, makes invention overall all using such device, and its benefit is logical laws, it is not necessary to advanced professional knowledge, just Scholar is easily accepted by, and two is that, using this important document as oscillating circuit, data is not described substantially, as self-control circuit, is conducive to opening up Exhibition space of thinking.It is a kind of outstanding element circuit with enlightenment.

3rd, the explanation of button change-over switch.

Button change-over switch is by four doors for switching and two state instructions, button switch, switch clamp diode composition.

Its main purpose controls four working conditions of oscillation source, four oscillation sources is turned into the test source for having frequency, or Be as the dc source that frequency is zero, allow beholder understand resistance element in the case of both power supplys, physical phenomenon. So as to disclose the relation of resistance element and frequency.

Switch is to the control logic of four oscillation sources, and the output end of two, switch is logic control end, that is to say button The output of change-over switch, has been directly connected to vibrate the input of isolating door, when button change-over switch is output as low level, vibration Isolating door is sealed up a door, and it is a high position to vibrate the output end of isolating door, and it is electric current that frequency is zero that four oscillation sources are now exported, and is Direct current.When button change-over switch is output as a high position, vibration isolating door is still changed by the rule of vibration, on exporting without influence, What is exported is the electric current of pulse frequency.

Four gate-type switches possess three characteristics, and one is the state variability with output end（Under the cooperation of button）, Be that can export high signal, can also export low level signal, two be a kind of output signal energy self-insurance with self-sustaining characteristic Before holding next new signal arrival.Three is logic reliability.

The principle of formation is that an input of two, an input and the switch of one, switch has been interconnected to RS The novel circuit of trigger, the novel circuit has two triggering ends, respectively switchs another input of and switchs two another One input, when two triggering ends wherein are low level, and another one for it is high-order when, will realize overturning.

Four with switch, three, switch constitutes a pair of phase inverters of belt restraining, and the output end of two doors is connected to RS respectively Two triggering ends of trigger.Therefore in three and the output end for switching four are switched, three, switch is output as height, then switch Four outputs are low, otherwise three, switch is output as low level, then switching four is output as height.Both signals are added to rest-set flip-flop During two inputs, effective trigger signal can be turned into.This necessary and sufficient condition will be realized as rest-set flip-flop upset triggering.Due to opening The output for closing two is connected to another input of switch three, if so going swap switch three to be input into switch four one Constraint between end and button switch, so when the output end for switching two is for a high position, the output end of three, switch is Low, the output end of four, switch is height, and when two triggering ends to rest-set flip-flop are triggered, two output ends of rest-set flip-flop must be turned over Then and with produce once new state, be that output end will will be uprised when overturning for second by step-down high by low.For the third time When such rule will later be repeated by step-down high.

Due to three contacts that button switch is connected to the input for switching four of switch, when button switch and ground wire phase Three, switch is sealed up a door for four with switch when logical, and the output of only two, pipe switch is connected to another input of three, switch, but Three, switch can not be caused has new State- output with the output end for switching four, can only be after the closure door signal relief of button Produce.

So after button switch disconnects, three, the switch signal outputs once new with the output end for switching four, The output end for switching two in addition again is connected to another input for switching three, so often pressing a button, rest-set flip-flop is turned over Turn once, and it is opposite with original state.

Using mainly there is benefit following prominent after button change-over switch, one is that supporting button is that one kind touches button, together When also allow for installment state instruction.It is overall high-grade, benefit from, two is that button switch does not produce fly line in production, can directly with Printed panel produces contact, thus can be further ensured that product quality.Three is that button belongs to a kind of common components, it is easy to bought.Four make During for test circuit, active part unification is easy to beginner to test and is made.Five is using two unified input nand gate elements When, logic reliability, peripheral element is few.Simple in circuits.Especially important six are that the unit is same with the oscillating unit circuit for being controlled It is a kind of very close circuit of circuit, simply the latter is to four Constraineds of three, switch and switch（The constraint of button）So causing Entirely different electric property, is a kind of outstanding circuit for developing the mind as self-control circuit.

4th, on the explanation of composite lifting circuit.

The line feature one of this part is that the vibration list of Part I has been collectively constituted using four oscillation source circuit units Unit, two is by commutation diode（In Fig. 1 5.1）, one-level electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.11）, lifting diode one（In Fig. 1 5.2）, two grades of electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.21）, lifting diode two（In Fig. 1 5.3）, three-level electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.31）, carry Rise diode three（In Fig. 1 5.4）, level Four electric capacity（In Fig. 1 5.41）, penetrate with triggering resistance（In Fig. 1 5.5）, emitter follower （In Fig. 1 5.7）Constitute Part II.

The main purpose of the circuit is that, when resistance element such as electric capacity, inductance is under it after four oscillation sources, can produce voltage The situation of drop, if directly excitation display unit, it is possible to the inadequate clearly situation of display occurs, and passes through the circuit and amplifies Afterwards, energy has been lifted, thus is more macroscopical display effect.

The principle that composite lifting circuit is formed is, because vibration door one（In Fig. 1 2.1）With vibration door two（In Fig. 1 2.2）, two electric capacity in this grade are connected to, thus signal can be produced to amplify castering action.

After resistance element is connected, charged after over commutation and be filled with DC voltage on one-level electric capacity, when vibration door one Output end for it is low when, one-level electric capacity charges by lifting diode one to two grades of electric capacity, the electric capacity as one times of voltage, when shaking When swinging the output end of door one for a high position, vibration door one output end, one times of voltage end is superimposed two grades of capacitance voltages turns into two times of voltages, When it is low to vibrate the output end of door two, the voltage of three-level electric capacity is electrically charged, and it is two times of voltages that the electric capacity is filled, when vibration door two is defeated When going out end for a high position, the voltage that trebles is superimposed with three-level capacitance voltage.

Such group of cost-element have the advantages that five it is prominent.

One is the one-level electric capacity when no signal is input into, no-voltage, so output can not possibly produce multiplication of voltage effect.It is zero volt, The output for being the circuit does not produce additional static current potential.

Two is it is of special importance that the voltage on one-level electric capacity is electricity of four oscillation sources after test resistance element is depressured Pressure, resistance is of different sizes, and the magnitude of voltage of generation is also different, the not sample so the booster tension quantity for producing also differs.That is to say The many times of bases of voltage depend on the voltage after resistance element step-down, and output and the resistance tested of lifting circuit have directly Relation.

Three because employ two vibration doors and two-stage electric capacity in oscillation source, institute's efficiency high, sensitivity is higher.

Four be the circuit be output as emitter follower make isolate, so the circuit has good load capacity.

5th, the explanation of equal difference reduction voltage circuit unit.

A, line feature are in series by the suitable voltage-stabiliser tube of multiple parameters, and each voltage-stabiliser tube is connected with resistance over the ground, Passage over the ground as the voltage stabilizing, so as to the equal difference partial pressure for foring one-level voltage stabilizing unit with each voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance to earth is defeated Go out a little, when the output point no-voltage, because of the presence of earth resistance, it is believed that the output point is low level.Otherwise there is voltage defeated Go out and value is higher than after controlled door, it is believed that be high-order output.

B, when the voltage of the output of prime composite lifting circuit unit is high, then the quantity of the voltage-stabiliser tube that can puncture is more.When After exporting the door of the output voltage more than control of dividing point, the display unit work of excitation rear class.

C, the output because of composite lifting circuit employ emitter follower isolation, with larger load capacity, so this list Unit can be using such line construction.

6th, the explanation of logic preset level.

Logic preset level is made up of multiple logic preset units, and each logic prewarning unit has two preset devices to connect, Its input is connected to the output point of equal difference reduction voltage circuit, its output end be connected in display unit in corresponding display unit Logic power, so form such principle, when equal difference reduction voltage circuit output point is low level, because the device is two pre- Device is put to be in series, according to the logic of not gate, be output as it is low, when input for it is high when, output end for height.

The unit controls three tunnels, is all the way the logic power of correspondence display unit, is all the way in controlling display unit Three display driving gates, three is to control the discoloration door in color-changing unit, determines original state.

In low level, the logic power of display unit does not produce logic operation to this grade of output end without electricity, shows driving gate Sealed up a door, luminous instruction does not work；Determine that the discoloration door in color-changing unit is certain original state.

Conversely, when the unit exports high-order, the logic power of display unit is powered, logic operation is produced, display drives Door is released by closure door, and lighting, it is bright to indicate；Discoloration door in color-changing unit starts to be started working with original state.

7th, light display explanation.

Display level is made up of multiple display units, each display unit by three display driving gates, three commissure electric capacity, Three luminous to indicate, the output end resistance of three display driving gates, inclined resistance and inclined resistance and color-changing unit under being input into input Composition.

Because this level is multiple display unit compositions, three line constructions one of display driving gate of each display unit Sample, and the composition structure of each display unit is the same, so only using one of cell descriptions.

Its principle is that when the output of logic preset unit is high-order, the logic power of display unit has voltage to start working.It is When the output end for showing driving gate is low level, common cathode luminous tube produces passage over the ground, shinny.

Display unit lights and indicates the bright state feature one to be：After stabilization, one of those luminous instruction is bright, therein Two luminous instructions are put out.Two is that order is luminous, as flowing water shape, such as before this first it is luminous indicate it is bright, second with the 3rd luminous finger Show and put out, followed by but second it is luminous indicate bright, first puts out with three luminous instructions, followed by but the 3rd it is luminous indicate it is bright, first and Second luminous instruction is put out, and the benefit of the circulation of this flowing water state is that the abstract concept of electric current is become into intelligible in order to begin to learn Streamflow regime, if the partial pressure output point of equal difference reduction voltage circuit is more, the display unit for being triggered is more, and shown is this Current must be more remote by stream.This streamflow regime is filled with certain entertaining when circuit is tested certainly.

The principle of generation is：Due in installation and debugging, to the display upper inclined resistance of driving gate input（Connect with logic power Resistance）, lower inclined resistance（The resistance being connected with ground wire）Intrinsic standoff ratio exceedes input threshold voltage, and the second display driving gate, the Three display driving gate parameters have slightly difference, so the output end of the first display driving gate is low, first hair of institute's band first Light instruction is first bright, and the output end of the second display display driving gate of driving gate the 3rd is high-order, and the luminous instruction of institute's band is put out, and second shows Show the upper inclined resistance of driving gate input to the first display drive gate output terminal with second show that another input of driving gate is connected the One commissure electric capacity charges, and when voltage is more than the second display driving gate input terminal voltage, it is low that the second display drives gate output terminal Position, the luminous instruction of second institute's band is bright, and now the 3rd upper inclined resistance of display driving gate input is exported to the second display driving gate The second commissure electric capacity being connected with the 3rd display another input of driving gate is held to charge, when voltage is defeated more than the 3rd display driving gate When entering terminal voltage, it is low level that the 3rd display drives gate output terminal, and the luminous instruction of the 3rd not gate institute band is bright, because now the 3rd shows Show the 3rd commissure capacitance voltage not energy circuit transition of driving gate and the first display driving gate, so the first display driving gate input Into negative pressure, output end is a high position to voltage, and institute's band is luminous to be designated as putting out.Later bright rule turns into the glittering rule state of stabilization. It is after first shows driving gate output terminal for a high position, to show that driving gate is partially electric under being input into the first commissure electric capacity and second Resistance turns into charge circuit.Second display driving gate input is a high position, and output end is low level, and the luminous instruction of institute's band is bright.When One commissure electric capacity charges and finishes, and into isolation, input is low level, and just, second shows the hair of driving gate institute band to output end Light indicates to put out.Similarly, when the second display driving gate is output as high, under the second commissure electric capacity and the 3rd display driving gate input Inclined resistance turns into charge circuit.3rd display driving gate input is a high position, and output end is low level, the 3rd display driving gate institute band Luminous instruction it is bright.The 3rd commissure electric capacity is unable to transition simultaneously, and the input of the first display driving gate is presented negative pressure, so first is aobvious Show that driving gate is output as a high position, the luminous instruction of institute's band is put out.According to this principle, it is again first to light later and indicate bright rule Luminous instruction is bright, and the second luminous instruction is put out, and the 3rd luminous instruction is put out；Put out followed by the first luminous instruction, the second luminous instruction is bright, 3rd luminous instruction is put out；Put out followed by the first luminous instruction, the second luminous instruction is put out, the 3rd luminous instruction is bright, is again first Luminous instruction is bright, and the second luminous instruction is put out, and the 3rd luminous instruction is bright, is formed by this rule and circulates into flowing water shape.

8th, the explanation of color-changing unit.

Color-changing unit is made up of two discoloration counters：Line feature is that a display unit is furnished with a color-changing unit, One color-changing unit has four discoloration doors, and two discoloration door series connection are a discoloration counter, and each discoloration counter is by two Discoloration door, discoloration guiding electric capacity, discoloration boot-strap resistor, color-changing diode composition.Two discoloration counters form series relationship.I.e. It is the output with the first discoloration counter（I.e. change colour door two output end）It is connected to the input of the second discoloration counter（Become Color guides electric capacity three to guide being connected a little for electric capacity four with discoloration）.

Forming the principle of counter is, another input interconnection of discoloration Men Yiyu discoloration doors two, forms positive and negative Feedback, has been interconnected to the novel circuit of rest-set flip-flop, and the input in two discoloration doors becomes triggering end, when two triggering ends its In one be negative pressure when, and another one triggering end be positive signal when, by realize overturn.

Realizing the principle of this necessary condition is：When the first discoloration counter input（Discoloration guiding electric capacity one and discoloration Guide the tie point of electric capacity two）During for a high position, be in display unit the 3rd display driver output end for it is high-order when, output end Output end with discoloration guiding electric capacity one, discoloration boot-strap resistor one, discoloration door one is formed into charge circuit（Now assume discoloration door One output end is low level, and discoloration door two output end is a high position）.And guide electric capacity two, discoloration boot-strap resistor two, discoloration with discoloration The output end of door two forms open circuit.It is the 3rd display drive in display unit when the first discoloration counter input is low level When dynamic device output end is low level, discoloration guiding electric capacity one is because being unable to its negative pole of transition as negative pressure state.The discoloration input of door one It is negative, and the guiding electric capacity two that changes colour is not changed, and negative pressure is not produced, rest-set flip-flop roll over condition is met, so that the door two that changes colour Output end is a high position.Constantly it is high-order low level due to the first discoloration counter input, so the first discoloration counter will Constantly carry out counting upset.

And the upset situation of the second discoloration counter is as the first discoloration counter, difference is, second changes colour The input of counter（Discoloration guiding electric capacity three guides the tie point of electric capacity four with discoloration）It is to be connected to the first discoloration counter Output（The output end of discoloration door two）, so after the first discoloration counter has overturn twice, the second discoloration counter ability shape Into once inside out.

The other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two and the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four（Change colour the defeated of Men Eryu discoloration doors four Enter end）Preset diode is connected with, two preset diodes are connected in the output of counterlogic preset unit, does not have survey when being powered During examination object, the preset unit is output as low level, so as to ensure that the original state of two discoloration counters, it is ensured that the face of starting Color.The output of last display driving gate of display unit is connected to due to the input of the first discoloration counter, due to the door It is the alternating of high-order low level during work, so the first discoloration counter can be energized work, and last display driving gate Once, the first discoloration counter upset is once for height change.The input of the second discoloration counter（Discoloration guiding electric capacity three and change Color guides the tie point of electric capacity four）It is the output for being connected to the first discoloration counter（The output end of discoloration door two）, so After one discoloration counter has overturn twice, the second discoloration counter just forms once inside out.

The Main Function of the unit is to make luminous instruction reveal three kinds of colors of rule to carry out flashing for continuous-flow type, as water one The flowing of sample.

Specifically rule is：Luminous instruction is that the first colour light emitting flashes first, and after the last instruction that lights is bright, new follows Ring mode presses second color, and what original mode carried out continuous-flow type flashes forward circulation, and after last luminous instruction is bright, new follows Ring mode presses the third color again, and what original mode carried out continuous-flow type flashes forward circulation.The endless form of the 4th time is again by the A kind of color, the endless form of the 5th time presses second color again, and the endless form of the 6th time presses the third color again, afterwards by this The endless form of sample forever go down by circulation.

The reason for producing three kinds of color variations rules：

Three output ends of two discoloration counters in color-changing unit are connected to common cathode luminous tube with three kinds of different modes respectively Two anodes, and the characteristic of common cathode pole luminous tube is, when the first anode for it is high-order when, be a kind of color, work as second plate Then it is second color during for a high position, is then the third color when the first anode and second plate are simultaneously high-order.

Because the first discoloration output end of counter two is connected to common cathode luminous tube respectively by two color-changing diodes Two anodes, the output end of the discoloration door three of the second discoloration counter is connected to common cathode simultaneously by two three color color-changing diodes Two anodes of pole luminous tube.So common cathode luminous tube is when circulating first time, discoloration door one output end is height, common cathode two The pole pipe first anode is a high position, and during circulation, luminous tube is flashed with the circulation that the first color makees continuous-flow type.When being triggered again When, the first discoloration counter upset, the output end of the door two that changes colour is height, and common cathode luminous tube second plate is a high position, common cathode Luminous tube is flashed with the circulation that second color makees continuous-flow type.When third time is circulated, the output end of discoloration door three is height, because The output end of discoloration door three is connected to two anodes of common cathode luminous tube jointly, so the anode of common cathode luminous tube two is all height Position, common cathode luminous tube is flashed with the circulation that the third color makees continuous-flow type.Above-mentioned regular cycles are pressed later.

9th, music sound explanation.

When the 3rd of each display unit shows the output end of driving gate for low level, correspondence speech sound device has respective channel, So sending music.

Have the advantages that after implementation following prominent：

First, it is as a kind of its advantage of science popularization demonstrator.

1st, electricity is important content in physics.And for beginner, understand relatively easy to galvanic, and it is right Influence of the electric current with frequency to circuit element can feel abstract.And the demonstration of this instrument can become the abstract concept of beginner It is actual.Therefore there is positive effect to studying electricity in depth.Concrete condition is as follows：

（1）, because this demonstrator in four oscillation sources can under the switching of button change-over switch, can be changed into pulse electricity Source, it is also possible to be changed into direct current, it is possible to clearly demonstrate out resistance element（Such as electric capacity, or inductance）In the feelings that frequency is zero Condition（It is direct current）, it is entirely different with the physical phenomenon in the case of the pulse current with frequency.

Such as electric capacity（Electric capacity its construction is two pieces of disjunct conductive materials planes）, this special construction is in direct current shape Under state, the disposable charging in transient state ground is only possible to, finally as off state（Show as bright the one of display portion luminous tube transient state Under, then put out entirely）.But under the pulse power of frequency, theatrical change is but there occurs, because of this disjunct two sides energy It is smoothly through electric current（The luminous tube for showing as display portion is always bright state, into flowing water shape）.

It is a good good conductor if inductance is under DC state,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion is always light Bright state, into flowing water shape, and from the beginning to the end）.But in the pulse current by frequency, but in the pulse power in frequency Under, theatrical change is but there occurs, because this end to end wire but has resistance to electric current, its physical characteristic becomes completely Change.（The luminous tube for showing as display portion only manifests the bright state of part, is reduced into flowing water shape, i.e. light brighten the hair pipe）.

（2）, the present invention in four frequency-adjustables of oscillation source.Can demonstrate out that frequency is higher, the influence to frequency element Effect is bigger, such as same parameters electric capacity, and frequency is higher, and conduction is better,（The luminous tube for showing as display portion manifests part Bright state, into flowing water shape, light brighten the hair pipe increases）.

And for example same parameters inductance coil, frequency is higher, and the resistance that it is presented is bigger.（Show as the luminous of display portion Pipe manifests the bright state of part, is reduced into flowing water shape, but light brighten the hair pipe）.

（3）, can demonstrate out, under same voltage, electric capacity is bigger, and capacitive reactance is smaller, be it is smaller to the resistance of electric current, And inductance is bigger, then induction reactance is bigger, is bigger to the resistance of electric current.（Luminous instruction bright state is shown as, into flowing water shape, Display unit starts and increases）.

（4）, the main inside reason of the size that capacitive reactance is presented in electric capacity can be demonstrated out, the inside of such as electric capacity is not attached to Two conducting surfaces it is bigger, then capacitive reactance is smaller, and the insulating barrier between two conducting surfaces is thicker, then capacitive reactance is smaller.（Show as luminous instruction Bright state, into flowing water shape, the display unit of startup increases）.

（5）, the main inside reason of the size that induction reactance is presented in inductance can be demonstrated out, the diameter of such as coil is bigger, then Induction reactance is bigger,（Luminous instruction bright state is shown as, into flowing water shape, the display unit of startup is reduced）.Otherwise induction reactance is fewer, （Luminous instruction bright state is shown as, into flowing water shape, the display unit of startup increases）.

（6）, induction reactance also whether have permeability magnetic material relevant with coil, it is and relevant with the property of permeability magnetic material.

2nd, button change-over switch is button electronic switch, there is benefit following prominent, and one is that button is that one kind touches button, hand Feel.Two be often by a state transformation once, it is easy to operate.Three can be clearly show be current control state, DC state in this way, at this moment indicator lamp is a kind of color, in this way the frequency power source of pulse, again can be into another place's color, clear Ming Liao are overall high-grade.Four is that button switch does not produce fly line in production, directly can produce and contact with printed panel, thus can be entered One step ensures product quality.Five is that button belongs to a kind of common components, it is easy to bought.These advantages, also allow for hookup purchase.

3rd, change-over switch is employed in composite lifting circuit, improves overall performance, its reason is to realize amplification spirit Sensitivity it is further adjustable, widened demonstrating effect, at the same the part indicate it is clear, while having all of button change-over switch Advantage.

4th, the quantification effect of display is good, and one is that this instrument has composite lifting circuit, thus with sensitivity higher, it is special It is not to when capacitive reactance is larger, can also clearly show that.Two is the direct pressure using by test block of input of composite lifting circuit Voltage after drop, is the difference that ensure that surveyed part so there is very strong tracing property, and its display effect is different, with strict It is scientific.Three is composite lifting circuit input when being zero, and its output signal is zero, in the absence of initial potential, is further ensured What is shown is accurate.

5th, the perception effect of display is good, and one is that this instrument has light to show shown with sound and deposit, increased delight effect, beholder Teach through lively activities.Two be light display present flowing water state, easily abstract concept (such as electric current) be interpreted as familiar to flowing water shape, According to luminous tube it is bright number it is far and near with " distance ", it is readily understood that the correlation between various participations.Three is that light shows dynamic It is perceptual strong interesting strong, because luminous every time indicate glittering color different, as three kinds of glittering rules of color, can increase The attraction of eyeball.The glittering circuit for producing this rule with this device does not have data introduction.

6th, the concept of resistance, insulator, electric current can be demonstrated out, is demonstrated out when the timing of voltage one, between electric current and resistance Relation.Resistance is bigger, the smaller visual effect of electric current.More basic electricity knowledge is set up with the student for making the age smaller.

7th, because above-mentioned some reason, at the same this instrument belong to the popular demonstrator of initial stage.Adapt to wide, primary school It is suitable for middle school, thus demand is big.

8th, the active part almost all of this instrument is two input nand gates, so easily production, simply, low cost is easy to general for debugging And.

2nd, the advantage produced as a kind of experimental circuit.

Circuit of the present invention is simplified, and each unit contact science, operability is very strong, therefore can be conigenous row experiment peace with heuristics Dress, by self-control, can further improve students ' practical ability and practical level, and this has positive meaning to improving students ' quality Justice.And the present invention there are following characteristics in self-control, thus it is very suitable for self-control：

1st, active part is all two input nand gates, therefore be easy to beginner to two input nand gates in addition to a transistor Understanding, due to active part single varieties, gives prominence to the key points, and is conducive to beginner to learn, it is to avoid numerous and be weary of studying, or not rotten feelings of grasping too much Condition.

2nd, each unit independence, can be powered inspection in units of unit.And each unit is filled with certain interest, such as Display unit, the tube light that lighted after success is that flowing water circulates shape, and is circulated as three kinds of different colours, is and for example combined and carries Circuit is risen, can be developed out and be gone out to put forward high-tension entertaining phenomenon.

3rd, between each unit between connect science, will not substantially produce failure, thus complete unit debugging after, so that it may it is complete Integral work.

4th, this simple two inputs not gate logical relation, by different combinations, the logic that can develop into series is closed System, and various functions, thus beginner's positive thinking can be guided, and imagination space is expanded, be conducive to education of improving the quality.

5th, beginner can be allowed it is understood that the constructively input only more than not gate of two input nand gate circuits, but On circuit is developed, the change than not gate is more, and circuit letter.

6th, four oscillation sources particularly are devised, and the unit of button switch circuit two, Unit two is all not only with two defeated Enter NAND gate composition, and in the combination of unit, there is very big identical point, but just because the difference of a bit, has just generated Complete different electric institute's performance, thus have very big enlightenment.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is four button change-over switch, four oscillation sources, instrument connection, composite lifting circuit, the electronics of vibration scientific popular instrument Circuit diagram.

In figure：1.0th, button switch；1.1st, switch one, 1.2, switch two, 1.3, switch three；1.4th, four are switched Door；1.11st, the state instruction of is switched；1.21st, the state instruction of two is switched；1.5th, clamp diode is switched；2.1st, shake Swing door one；2.2nd, door two is vibrated；2.3rd, door three is vibrated；2.4th, door four is vibrated；2.5th, isolating door is vibrated；2.6th, adjustable limit value is vibrated Resistance；2.7th, adjustable resistance is vibrated；2.8th, oscillating capacitance；2.9th, isolation resistance is vibrated；3.1st, instrument connection one；3.2nd, instrument connection Two；5.1st, commutation diode；5.11st, one-level electric capacity；5.2nd, diode one is lifted；5.21st, two grades of electric capacity；5.3rd, diode is lifted Two；5.31st, three-level electric capacity；5.4th, diode three is lifted；5.41st, level Four electric capacity；5.5th, penetrate with triggering resistance；5.8th, composite lifting The output of circuit；5.7th, emitter follower.

Fig. 2 is equal difference reduction voltage circuit, logic preset level, display level, the electronic circuitry of voice level.

In figure：5.7th, emitter follower；5.8th, the output of composite lifting circuit；6.1st, equal difference partial pressure one；6.11st, equal difference partial pressure one Earth resistance；6.2nd, equal difference partial pressure two；6.21st, the earth resistance of equal difference partial pressure two；7.1st, the first logic preset unit； 7.11st, the preset device one of the first logic preset level；7.12nd, the preset device two of the first logic preset level；7.17th, the first logic is preset The preset diode one of level；7.18th, the preset diode two of the first logic preset level；7.2nd, the second logic preset unit；8.1、 First display unit；8.2nd, the second display unit；8.11st, the first display driving gate of the first display unit；8.111st, first shows Show the first luminous instruction of unit；8.112nd, the output end resistance of the first display driving gate of the first display unit；8.113rd, First commissure electric capacity of one display unit；8.115th, the first display upper inclined resistance of driving gate input of the first display unit； 8.116th, inclined resistance under the first display driving gate input of the first display unit；8.12nd, the second display of the first display unit is driven Dynamic door；8.121st, the second of the first display unit is luminous indicates；8.122nd, the second display driving gate of the first display unit is defeated Output resistance；8.123rd, the second commissure electric capacity of the first display unit；8.125th, the second display driving gate of the first display unit Inclined resistance in input；8.126th, inclined resistance under the second display driving gate input of the first display unit；8.13rd, the first display unit The 3rd display driving gate；8.131st, the 3rd of the first display unit is luminous indicates；8.132nd, the 3rd of the first display unit shows Show the output end resistance of driving gate；8.133rd, the 3rd commissure electric capacity of the first display unit；8.135th, the of the first display unit The three display upper inclined resistance of driving gate input；8.136th, inclined resistance under the 3rd display driving gate input of the first display unit；8.15、 The discoloration door one of the first display unit；8.151st, the discoloration guiding electric capacity one of the first display unit；8.152nd, the first display unit Discoloration boot-strap resistor one；8.153rd, the color-changing diode one of the first display unit；8.16th, the discoloration door of the first display unit Two；8.161st, the discoloration guiding electric capacity two of the first display unit；8.162nd, the discoloration boot-strap resistor two of the first display unit； 8.163rd, the color-changing diode two of the first display unit；8.17th, the discoloration door three of the first display unit；8.171st, the first display is single The discoloration guiding electric capacity three of unit；8.172nd, the discoloration boot-strap resistor three of the first display unit；8.173rd, the of the first display unit Three color color-changing diodes one；8.178th, the 3rd color color-changing diode two of the first display unit；8.18th, the change of the first display unit Color door four；8.181st, the discoloration guiding electric capacity four of the first display unit；8.182nd, the discoloration boot-strap resistor four of the first display unit； 9.1st, the first speech sound device；9.11st, the first voice protective resistance.

Specific embodiment

First, element is selected：Active part is selected by figure, the voltage stabilizing value of each voltage-stabiliser tube is consistent in equal difference reduction voltage circuit.

Emitter follower uses NPN triode 8050.

Discoloration door, display driving gate, preset device, vibration door, vibration isolating door, switch gate are using same type of two inputs Formula ungated integrated circuit, 4011 are used using electronic integrated circuit.

Common cathode luminous tube uses highlighted degree type.It is short period class that speech sound device is used when ringing.Button switch is used and print The species that brush board can be welded directly.Electric capacity is from the small species of electric leakage.Resistor is without particular/special requirement.

2nd, weld：Button change-over switch, four oscillation sources, instrument connection, composite lifting circuit, electronic circuits are as shown in Figure 1 Connection, equal difference reduction voltage circuit, logic preset level, display level, the electronic circuit of voice level are welded as shown in Figure 2.By an equal difference Partial pressure output point connects a logic preset unit, and button change-over switch state instruction luminous tube is two kinds of different colors.

3rd, debug.

1st, check and four oscillation sources of debugging.

A, it is grounded with frequency counter its cold end, connection two gate output terminals of vibration in hot junction now, have frequency and show, if Nothing, then be three input line sealing-offs of two gate output terminals of vibration and vibration, or vibrate three electric capacity sealing-offs of input.

B, with frequency counter, the output end of connection vibration two, regulation vibration adjustable resistance, oscilloscope display waveform meeting Change, and within the requirement of design.If incorrect, the vibration vibration connected of adjustable resistance should be adjusted adjustable Limit value resistance, its rule is bigger resistance, and frequency is slower.

2nd, check and debugging button change-over switch.

Use general-purpose table look-up.

A, the output end with the positive pole connecting valve four of universal meter, temporarily disconnect three, two gate output terminals of switch and switch Line.The input end grounding of three will be switched, while pressing button switch, loosed one's grip afterwards, now switch the output end of three Should be high-order, the output end of four, switch should be low, if the input termination power of three will be switched, switch three gate output terminals It is then low, then it is then height to switch four, is otherwise that three, switch and four, switch are not linked to be phase inverter.If do not touched the button When just there occurs change, then be switch three with switch four with button switch connection error.

B, the output end with the positive pole connecting valve two of universal meter, recover the company of three, two gate output terminals of switch and switch Line.Button switch is pressed simultaneously, is loosed one's grip afterwards, the output end for now switching two can occur one-shot change, be such as changed into from low level Height, or it is changed into low from a high position.It is that one, switch intersects line wrong for two with switch if incorrect, is not touched as RS Hair device.

C, the luminous tube for often pressing two state instructions that button is connected can change once, be always the bright pipe of a pipe Put out, it is such as incorrect, then it is that the luminous tube polarity weldering in state instruction is anti-.

3rd, check and debugging composite lifting circuit.

（1）, check debugging composite lifting circuit in signal amplify situation.

Oscillograph inspection is used, hot junction connects each detection output, cold end ground connection.

A, inductively or capacitively it is connected on instrument connection with one, with the now oscillograph of oscillograph hot junction connecting test jack two There is waveform to show, be otherwise wrong circuit.

B, with oscillograph hot junction connect one-level electric capacity anode, now the waveform of oscillograph be direct current shape, be otherwise rectification two Pole pipe weldering is wrong.

C, two grades of electric capacity anodes are connected with oscillograph hot junction, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, but amplitude should be than one Amplitude at level electric capacity doubles.It is the output end sealing-off for being connected in two grades of electric capacity negative poles and vibration door one as incorrect.

D, three-level capacitance cathode is connected with oscillograph hot junction, now the waveform of oscillograph is direct current shape, but amplitude should be one Three times of amplitude at level electric capacity.It is three-level electric capacity negative pole and the vibration output end sealing-off of door two as incorrect.

（2）, check that debugging composite lifting circuit is penetrated with output situation：（Change-over switch, its debugging side should be being adjusted before For example preceding button change-over switch of method）.

General-purpose table look-up is used, with the hot junction of universal meter（It is red test pencil）Connect emitter follower emitter voltage, cold end（It is black Test pencil）Ground connection.

E, the voltage should be similar to base voltage,（Only differ from 0.7 volt or so）.

F, in emitter stage and a upper less resistance, now voltage number should change less, otherwise be the amplification of emitter follower Value is inadequate.

4th, check and debugging equal difference reduction voltage circuit.

With oscillograph or general-purpose table look-up, the voltage of each partial pressure output point of the circuit is connect successively with the hot junction of universal meter.

A, on instrument connection, connect a testing capacitor, the frequency in regulation impulse hunting source increases frequency, now equal difference Each output dividing point of reduction voltage circuit, it may appear that the partial pressure output point of high voltage can increase.

B, on instrument connection, connect a test inductance, the frequency in regulation impulse hunting source increases frequency, now equal difference Each output dividing point of reduction voltage circuit, it may appear that the partial pressure output point of high voltage can be reduced.

5th, check and debugging logic preset unit.

With oscillograph or general-purpose table look-up, connect successively with the hot junction of universal meter the input of preset device one in the unit with it is pre- Put the output end of device two.

A, when equal difference reduction voltage circuit output end be less than threshold voltage when, the output end of preset device two be low level position.

B, when the output end of equal difference reduction voltage circuit is higher than threshold voltage, the output end of preset device two is high-order position.

6th, check and debug display level, by taking one of display unit as an example.

A, will demonstration element insertion instrument connection when, luminous instruction should not work, be otherwise preset device output end with display Show that an input of driving is not connected in unit, be that logic power does not connect with closure door line.

B, in the bright flowing water cyclic process of lamp, luminous to indicate rule be one bright two to put out, and two is that order is bright, is constantly followed Ring.It is that the first luminous instruction before this is bright, the 2nd the 3rd luminous instruction is put out, followed by second indicates bright, the oneth the 3rd hair Light indicates to put out, after be the 3rd it is luminous indicate bright, the one the second luminous instructions are put out, and constantly circulation is incorrect, is even wrong circuit, or Commissure capacity fall off is serious.

C, the frequency of regulation circulation, regulation input upper inclined resistance, output resistance and commissure electric capacity, are allowed to meet the requirements, its Rule is smaller capacitance-resistance, and circulation is faster, otherwise slower.

8th, check and color-changing unit.

Two preset diodes of discoloration counter in A, disconnection color-changing unit, use oscillograph（Or universal meter）Positive pole connect The discoloration counter of color-changing unit first is connect, wherein an output end is a high position, then another output end is a high position, is the first change otherwise The feedback cross line connection error that two discoloration doors of color counter are connected with each other, fails to realize positive feedback.

Two preset diodes of discoloration counter in B, disconnection color-changing unit, use oscillograph（Or universal meter）Positive pole connect The discoloration counter of color-changing unit second is connect, wherein an output end is a high position, then another output end is a high position, is the first change otherwise The feedback cross line connection error that two discoloration doors of color counter are connected with each other, fails to realize positive feedback.

C, the output end for disconnecting the display driving gate of display unit the 3rd and the discoloration counter input of color-changing unit first Line, with the wire contacts once power end of the input of the first discoloration counter, then contacts ground wire again, now this One-shot change and be such as changed into high-order from low level in the output end of the one discoloration discoloration door of counter two, step in repetition, its output to there is End will again become raw one-shot change, otherwise be that circuit is wrong.

Line between D, disconnection color-changing unit first discoloration counter and the second discoloration counter, with the second pole counter The wire contacts of input once power end, then contacts ground wire again, and now the second discoloration discoloration door of counter two is defeated Go out end and generation one-shot change is such as changed into high-order from low level, step in repetition is otherwise that circuit is wrong.

E, the discoloration counter of recovery first and the second discoloration counter and preset diode, during energization.Discoloration Men Yiyu becomes The output end of color door three is low level, is otherwise preset diode sealing-off, or polarity weldering is instead.

The line of F, the output end for recovering the display driving gate of display unit the 3rd and the first discoloration counter input, when the After one cycle is finished, it is second color to circulate for the second time glittering, and it is the third color to circulate for the third time glittering, if not just Really, then it is that correspondence color-changing diode is not connected with.

When G, the 3rd display driving gate of each display unit are low level, correspondence speech sound device can send musical sound.Otherwise Should check speech sound device whether sealing-off.

9th, check that four oscillation sources are the working condition under DC state.

A, the pulse power is switched under DC state with button switch, now oscillograph is shown as direct current, and most The voltage magnitude for exporting afterwards is approximate with first order capacity measurement point voltage magnitude, slightly smaller.

B, on instrument connection, connect the resistance of different resistances, if resistance is smaller, bright unit is more.

C, on instrument connection, connect a testing capacitor, at this moment display unit occur transient state it is bright once.

D, on instrument connection, the connection larger electric capacity of one capacity, at this moment display unit occur transient state it is bright once, and And bright luminous tube can increase.

E, on instrument connection, connect one test inductance, at this moment display level the bright situation of all units occurs.

Claims (4)

1. four vibrate scientific popular instrument, it is characterized in that：By button change-over switch, four oscillation sources, instrument connection, composite lifting circuit, Equal difference reduction voltage circuit, logic preset level, display level, voice level is collectively constituted；

Wherein：Button change-over switch switchs connection with clamp diode groups by four doors for switching and two state instructions, button switch Into：One end ground wire of button switch, an input of four, another termination switch gate three and switch, four, switch it is another One output end of input termination switch three, the output end of another input termination switch two of three, switch, switch one Door connects a state instruction respectively with the output end for switching two, and of one, the output termination switch of three, switch is input into End, an input of two, the output termination switch of four, switch, another input termination switch two of one, switch Output end, the output end of another input termination switch one of two, switch, the output end of two, switch is button conversion The output of switch, connects the negative pole of switch clamp diode, and the positive pole for switching clamp diode connects vibration isolation in four oscillation sources The input of door；

Four oscillation sources by vibration door one, vibration door two, vibration door three, vibration door four, vibration isolating door, vibrate adjustable limit value electricity Resistance, vibration adjustable resistance, oscillating capacitance, vibration isolation resistance composition：Two inputs of the output termination vibration door four of vibration door three End a, input of the output termination vibration door one of vibration door a, input of the output termination vibration door two of vibration door four shakes The output end of another input termination vibration door two of door one is swung, the output end of another input termination vibration door one of door two is vibrated, Vibrate adjustable limit value resistance and the output end of vibration door two and two inputs of vibration door three, vibration are connected on vibration adjustable resistance Electric capacity is connect between the control end and ground wire of vibration door three, and vibration isolation resistance is connected on the output end and vibration isolating door of vibration door two Two inputs between, vibrate isolating door output connect instrument connection to the commutation diode of composite lifting circuit；

Composite lifting circuit is by commutation diode, one-level electric capacity, lifting diode I and II electric capacity, lifting diode two, three-level Electric capacity, lifting diode three, level Four electric capacity, penetrate with triggering resistance, emitter follower constitute：Each lifting diode of commutation diode series connection It is followed by penetrating the base stage with triggering resistance to emitter follower, its series connection point respectively connects the positive pole of an electric capacity, the negative pole ground wire of one-level electric capacity, The negative pole of two grades of electric capacity connects the output end of vibration door one, and the negative pole of three-level electric capacity connects the output end of vibration door two, level Four electric capacity Negative pole ground wire, the colelctor electrode of emitter follower connects power supply, and the emitter stage of emitter follower is the output of composite lifting circuit；

Equal difference reduction voltage circuit is made up of multistage equal difference partial pressure：Every grade of equal difference partial pressure is constituted by voltage-stabiliser tube and earth resistance, each Voltage-stabiliser tube is connected, and its series connection point is each equal difference partial pressure output point, and earth resistance is connect with ground wire, and each equal difference partial pressure output point connects patrols Collect the preset unit in preset level, a logic power for display unit for being output into display level of preset unit；

Logic preset level is made up of multiple logic preset units：

Logic preset unit is made up of two preset devices with two preset diodes：Two preset devices are connected, and its input connects correspondence equal difference Partial pressure output point, output connects a logic power for display unit of display level, and the negative pole of two preset diodes is connected on logic In the output of preset unit；

Display level is made up of multiple display units：

Each display unit by three display driving gates, three commissure electric capacity, three it is luminous indicate, three display driving gates Inclined resistance and color-changing unit are constituted under inclined resistance and input on output end resistance, input：

One input of each display driving gate connects logic power respectively；Another input of each display driving gate and logic electricity Source connects the upper inclined resistance of input, and inclined resistance under being input into is connect with ground wire；First commissure electric capacity is connected on the output end of the first display driving gate And another input of the second display driving gate between, the second commissure electric capacity is connected on the output end and the 3rd of the second display driving gate Another input of driving gate is shown, the 3rd commissure electric capacity is connected on the output end and the first display driving gate of the 3rd display driving gate Another input；The output end of each display driving gate connects output end resistance with logic power；

By common cathode luminous tube, negative electricity resistance is concatenated into together for each luminous instruction, and the output of each display driving gate terminates one One end of common cathode resistance, the negative electrode of another termination common cathode luminous tube of common cathode resistance；

Color-changing unit is made up of two discoloration counters：Each discoloration counter is by two discoloration doors, discoloration guiding electric capacity, discoloration Boot-strap resistor, color-changing diode composition：Discoloration guiding electric capacity one is connected with one end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two, connects the 3rd display and drives The output end of dynamic door, the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity one is two-way, and an input of discoloration door one is connect all the way, and another road connects change To the output end of discoloration door one, the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity two is two-way to color boot-strap resistor one, and discoloration door two is connect all the way One input, another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor two to the output end of discoloration door two, another input termination discoloration of the door one that changes colour The output end of door two, the output end of another input termination discoloration door one of the door two that changes colour, the output termination discoloration two of the door one that changes colour Pole pipe one to correspondence display unit in common cathode luminous tube an anode, change colour door two output termination color-changing diode two arrive Another anode of common cathode luminous tube in correspondence display unit, discoloration guiding electric capacity three guides one end phase of electric capacity four with discoloration Even, the output end of discoloration door two is connect, the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity three is two-way, and an input of discoloration door three is connect all the way, Another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor three to the output end of discoloration door three, and the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four is two-way, is connect all the way One input of discoloration door four, another road connects discoloration boot-strap resistor four to the output end of discoloration door four, and change colour the another defeated of door three Enter the output end of termination discoloration door four, the output end of another input termination discoloration door three of the door four that changes colour, the output of the door three that changes colour To two anodes of correspondence display unit common cathode luminous tube, change colour two the 3rd color color-changing diodes of termination guiding electric capacity two The other end respectively connects the positive pole of preset diode with the other end of discoloration guiding electric capacity four；

Voice level is made up of multiple speech sound devices：The output end and logic power of the 3rd display driving gate connect in each display unit One speech sound device series connection voice resistance.

2. four according to claim 1 vibrate scientific popular instrument, it is characterized in that：The voltage stabilizing of each voltage-stabiliser tube in equal difference reduction voltage circuit Value is consistent.

3. four according to claim 1 vibrate scientific popular instrument, it is characterized in that：Emitter follower uses NPN triode 8050.

4. four according to claim 1 vibrate scientific popular instrument, it is characterized in that：Discoloration door, display driving gate, preset device, shake Swing door, vibration isolating door, switch gate and use same type of two input types ungated integrated circuit.