CN106781904A - The education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing is indicated - Google Patents
The education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing is indicated Download PDFInfo
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- CN106781904A CN106781904A CN201510809411.XA CN201510809411A CN106781904A CN 106781904 A CN106781904 A CN 106781904A CN 201510809411 A CN201510809411 A CN 201510809411A CN 106781904 A CN106781904 A CN 106781904A
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
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Abstract
The education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing is indicated, belong to instruments used for education demonstration field, by switching stage, instrument connection, AC analogue circuit, rectification stage, amplifying stage, light quantity display level, cursor indicates level, oscillator stage is constituted, electric capacity is inserted into instrument connection, under communicational aspects, when the frequency of AC analogue circuit is faster, after have passed through rectification stage, the output of amplifying stage is more stable, light quantity display level and cursor indicate that level is bright must be more, cursor indicates level due to oscillator stage clamper, so it is glittering state that cursor indicates level, under DC case, light quantity display level and cursor indicate level only it is bright once, this instrument is when inductance is tested, in the case of electric capacity it is opposite, student is allowed more intuitively to understand some simple physicals and chemical phenomenon, to encourage teen-age science passion.This instrument reacts energy size of the testee in exchange and direct current in which can shape, and circuit is simple, and convenient self-control further enhances the manipulative ability of student, can turn into the instrument of vast school popularization.
Description
Technical field
Belong to instruments used for education demonstration field.
Background technology
Innovation is the soul of nationality, and young student are the strength of innovation.
The prosperity of country is talent, and the culture of talent is to educate.The emphasis teenager of education, juvenile Qiang Ze Guoqiang, the progressive then state progress of teenager, will cultivate teenager and science is had deep love for, it is crucial to improve the quality of teaching, and laboratory apparatus is precisely a key factor for improving teaching, laboratory apparatus is good, the experiment done more convincingness, so that students ' understanding things, understand natural phenomena, inspire the thinking of student, played an important role to improving level of education.Therefore, the various laboratory apparatus in teaching are all constantly being lifted, but also there are many weak points：One is the species deficiency of laboratory apparatus, and the laboratory apparatus especially for the students of the junior years is not also comprehensive.Two be the spirit taught through lively activities in instruments used for education not enough, three is the cost village school too high thus remote to some of majority instruments used for education now, can't spread to many universal instruments used for education.Four is instrument too complex, and student can not do it yourself to make, therefore can not cultivate the good custom and the enthusiasm to science that themselves is started by allowing their self-made Instruments.
Electricity is most important a kind of class in physics, full of magical Experiments of Electricity, the interest of teenager can be excited, play the role of to the basic conception for setting up electricity simultaneously important, if can develop a kind of multi-functional conduction demonstration instrument and demonstrator can visualize electricity part concept and law by abstract, it is clear that have positive help to educatee.
The content of the invention
In order to allow instruments used for education to spread to school of every institute, the species of abundant instruments used for education, measure of the invention is the demonstration instrument for teaching for developing object conductive situation in alternating current-direct current, its purpose one be allow student from it is a kind of perception angle, understand the conductive situation in exchange and direct current of object, understand the concept and meaning of object, and then understand the meaning of Ohm's law, thus allow student to lay the first stone.Two is simple circuit, is easily successful, and student can be allowed to make demonstration, the manipulative ability of training student by oneself.Three is three kinds of displays of color that the instrument has light and sound, therefore with certain interest, can cultivate numerous teenagers and science is had deep love for.Four is with low cost, can turn into a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.
The measure for being used is：
1st, by switching stage, instrument connection, AC analogue circuit, rectification stage, amplifying stage, light quantity display level, cursor indicates level to the education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing is indicated, and oscillator stage is collectively constituted.
Wherein：Switching stage indicates branch road, direct current to indicate branch road, switching diode to constitute by change-over switch, exchange：The normally opened contact of change-over switch connects power supply, the normally-closed contact ground wire of change-over switch, exchange indicates branch road to be connected between the transfer contact of change-over switch and ground wire, direct current indicates branch road to be connected between power supply and the transfer contact of change-over switch, the positive pole of switching diode connects the negative phase end of comparison amplifier in AC analogue circuit, and the negative pole of switching diode connects the transfer contact of change-over switch.
AC analogue circuit is made up of comparison amplifier, frequency adjustment resistance, frequency adjustment electric capacity, comparison circuit.
Frequency adjustment resistance is connected between the output end of comparison amplifier and negative phase end, frequency adjustment electric capacity is connected between negative phase end and ground wire, comparison circuit is serially connected between the output of comparison amplifier and ground wire by two resistance, and its middle series connection point is connected on the in-phase end of comparison amplifier.
Rectification stage is made up of rectifier, output diode, commutation capacitor, and amplifying stage has been connected in the form penetrated with amplifying：One instrument connection is connected on the negative phase end of comparison amplifier, another instrument connection is connected on the in-phase end of rectifier in rectification stage, the end of oppisite phase of rectifier is connected together with output end, the positive pole of the output termination output diode of rectifier, the negative pole of output diode connects to be penetrated with the in-phase end of amplifier, commutation capacitor is connected between the in-phase end and ground wire penetrated with amplifier, is penetrated and is connected together with output end with the end of oppisite phase of amplifier, is penetrated and is indicated level with the output termination light quantity of amplifier.
Light quantity display level is made up of multigroup light quantity display unit：Every group of light quantity display unit is made up of two light quantity indicator lamps with two earth resistances,The negative pole of each light quantity indicator lamp connects an earth resistance to ground wire,Each two light quantity indicator lamp and two earth resistances constitute one group of light quantity display unit,Every group of light quantity display unit series connection,Each light quantity indicator lamp series connection in every group of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of each light quantity indicator lamp connects a light quantity indicator lamp earth resistance to ground wire,The positive pole of first group of light quantity display unit the first light quantity indicator lamp is first group of input of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of first group of light quantity display unit last light quantity indicator lamp is first group of output of light quantity display unit,The positive pole of second group of light quantity display unit the first light quantity indicator lamp is second group of input of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of second group of light quantity display unit last light quantity indicator lamp is second group of output of light quantity display unit,By that analogy,Later is multigroup all such.
Cursor indicates level to indicate to constitute with cursor display branch road, voice by multigroup cursor start unit.
Cursor start unit is made up of cursor starter and isolation resistance.
The negative phase end ground wire of each cursor starter, the in-phase end of each cursor starter connects one group of output of light quantity display unit, the output of each cursor starter connects an one end for isolation resistance, the other end of each isolation resistance is the output of correspondence cursor start unit, and connection cursor display branch road is indicated with voice.
Oscillator stage is made up of oscillator, upper inclined resistance, lower inclined resistance, integrating resistor, integrating capacitor, output emitter follower, clamp diode：Upper inclined resistance is connected between the output end of oscillator and in-phase end, inclined resistance is connected between the in-phase end of oscillator and ground wire down, integrating capacitor is connected between the negative phase end of oscillator and ground wire, integrating resistor is connected between the output end of oscillator and negative phase end, the in-phase end of the output termination output emitter follower of oscillator, the negative phase end for exporting emitter follower connects with the output end of output emitter follower, the output of each cursor start unit connects a positive pole for clamp diode, and the negative pole of all clamp diodes connects the output end of output emitter follower.
2nd, comparison amplifier, rectifier, cursor starter, to penetrate with amplifier, oscillator, output emitter follower be all using operational amplifier LM324.
3rd, the luminous tube different from light quantity indicator lamp selection glow color of the luminous tube in cursor display branch road.
It is as follows to being explained further for this measure：
First, the main object of the present invention is to allow instruments used for education to spread to school of every institute, the species of abundant instruments used for education, measure of the invention is the demonstration instrument for teaching for developing object conductive situation in alternating current-direct current, its purpose one be allow student from it is a kind of perception angle, understand the conductive situation in exchange and direct current of object, understand the concept and meaning of object, and then understand the meaning of Ohm's law, thus allow student to lay the first stone.Two is simple circuit, is easily successful, and student can be allowed to make demonstration, the manipulative ability of training student by oneself.Three is three kinds of displays of color that the instrument has light and sound, therefore with certain interest, can cultivate numerous teenagers and science is had deep love for.Four is with low cost, can turn into a kind of instrument in the popularization of vast school.
2nd, this instrument can qualitatively find out the energy of a charge size of electrically charged physics, if the energy of a charge of the object institute band for being detected is big, the bright luminous tube quantity that light quantity shows is more, otherwise bright luminous tube quantity is small.Sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law disclose when resistance is a timing, voltage is bigger, and electric current is bigger.And voltage is smaller, the smaller visual effect of electric current.This instrument has light quantity to show, cursor shows, sound effect, triple effects, and every kind of display effect is different, and cursor is shown as flashing, and light quantity is shown as light, and sound is reported and submitted for the cycle, increased delight effect, and beholder teaches through lively activities.Student can be allowed to understand some simple physicals and chemical phenomenon, to encourage teen-age science passion.
When electric capacity is detected, the effect of this demonstrator is：In direct current, i.e. change-over switch is under on-state, electric capacity is under DC state, because the output of power amplifier level is always high-order, therefore electric capacity is shelved after fully charged in a flash, so display level only it is bright once, and under exchange status, i.e., change-over switch is off-state, oscillator stage starts vibration, power amplifier level is output as high-low cycle conversion, so the state that electric capacity is presented is the circulation of discharge and recharge, so when reaching display level, bright hop count value, when frequency is accelerated, display level is bright must be more, and circuits at different levels are described as follows.
3rd, switching stage.
Switching stage indicates branch road, direct current to indicate branch road, switching diode to constitute by change-over switch, exchange.
When the transfer contact of change-over switch is connected with normally opened contact, it is now exchange, because the negative pole of switching diode is high pressure, so AC analogue circuit can start, it is output as the voltage of high-low cycle, now exchange indicates the indicator lamp of branch road bright, when the transfer contact of change-over switch is connected with normally-closed contact, it is direct current, because the negative pole of switching diode is zero, by the negative phase end clamper of the comparison amplifier in AC analogue circuit, therefore AC analogue circuit is output as stable high pressure, and now direct current indicates branch road to light.
4th, AC analogue circuit.
It is made up of comparison amplifier, frequency adjustment resistance, frequency adjustment electric capacity, comparison circuit.It is that, when the transfer contact of change-over switch is connected with normally opened contact, vibration, its voltage for being output as high-low cycle can be produced.
Comparison circuit forms a threshold values in the in-phase end of comparison amplifier, when frequency adjustment resistance is charged to the threshold voltage higher than in-phase end to frequency adjustment electric capacity, the output end of comparison amplifier is changed into low level, frequency adjusts electric capacity and adjusts conductive discharge through overfrequency, when the threshold voltage less than in-phase end is put into, the output end output high pressure of comparison amplifier, starts the circulation of next cycle.
5th, amplifying stage.
Amplifying stage is to be connected in penetrate with amplifier with operational amplifier, and its negative phase end connects with output end, therefore has very strong carrying load ability, is a good level pressure source, becomes good interface circuit.The output that rectification stage is closelyed follow with the output voltage of amplifier is penetrated, so in detection, energy size of the testee in exchange and direct current is reacted in its output in which can shape.Similarly, in detection resistance, the size of different resistance conductive rates is reacted in its output in which can shape.
6th, light quantity display level.
Light quantity display level is made up of multigroup light quantity display unit：Every group of light quantity display unit is made up of two light quantity indicator lamps with two earth resistances,The negative pole of each light quantity indicator lamp connects an earth resistance to ground wire,Each two light quantity indicator lamp and two earth resistances constitute one group of light quantity display unit,Every group of light quantity display unit series connection,Each light quantity indicator lamp series connection in every group of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of each light quantity indicator lamp connects a light quantity indicator lamp earth resistance to ground wire,The positive pole of first group of light quantity display unit the first light quantity indicator lamp is first group of input of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of first group of light quantity display unit last light quantity indicator lamp is first group of output of light quantity display unit,The positive pole of second group of light quantity display unit the first light quantity indicator lamp is second group of input of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of second group of light quantity display unit last light quantity indicator lamp is second group of output of light quantity display unit,By that analogy,Later is multigroup all such.
Its principle is：After driving voltage acts on every group of light quantity display unit of series connection, what is suctioned through first is first light quantity indicator lamp in first group of light quantity display unit, its electric current is by first light quantity indicator lamp earth resistance to ground wire, if pumping signal is strong, second light quantity indicator lamp in first group of light quantity display unit is suctioned through successively, again by second light quantity indicator lamp earth resistance to ground, second group of light quantity display unit ... is just encouraged after the indicator lamp excitation in first group of light quantity display unit is finished
If so testee is being handed over（Directly）Make to penetrate more stable higher with the output voltage of amplifier during stream, the light quantity indicator lamp quantity for being punctured is more, on the contrary the voltage of output is lower, and the light quantity indicator lamp quantity for being punctured is smaller.And the brightness of last the light quantity indicator lamp in last group of light quantity display unit will be reduced.So form a kind of size of sizing showing.
7th, cursor indicates level.
Cursor indicates level to indicate to constitute with cursor display branch road, voice by multigroup cursor start unit.
Cursor start unit is made up of cursor starter and isolation resistance.
The negative phase end ground wire of each cursor starter, the in-phase end of each cursor starter connects one group of output of light quantity display unit, the output of each cursor starter connects an one end for isolation resistance, the other end of each isolation resistance is the output of correspondence cursor start unit, and connection cursor display branch road is indicated with voice.
1st, the principle for being formed：The negative phase end ground wire of each cursor starter, in-phase end connects one group of output of light quantity display unit, therefore, the startup of each cursor starter is sensitive, so when the output of light quantity display unit has voltage, cursor starter has output, and cursor display branch road lights, while the voice of institute's band indicates to send sound.Because each cursor starter is encouraged by corresponding light quantity display unit respectively, thus cursor display branch road it is bright number, with light quantity display unit into synchronized relation.Again object being measured parameter size is shown from another angle.
Because the output of cursor start unit is connected with oscillator stage, in a cycle of vibration, when oscillator stage is output as a high position, when light quantity display unit has output simultaneously, each cursor starter has output, so cursor display branch road lights, voice indicates sounding simultaneously, when otherwise oscillator stage is output as low level, it is zero that the output of each cursor start unit is clamped, no matter light quantity display unit whether there is output, cursor start unit is all without output, cursor display branch road does not light, voice indicates not sounding simultaneously, so the phenomenon that cursor display branch road shows is flashed, negative electricity voice is indicated because being triggered by the cycle, but it is regular.
2nd, so in testing capacitor, its light quantity display level is with the display effect of cursor instruction level.
Under DC case,The passage of electric capacity discharge off,So light quantity display unit in direct current in light quantity display level only most start it is bright once,It is later extinguishing,Therefore,Cursor indicate level also simply correspondence light quantity display unit have output in the case of it is bright once,Extinguish later,Because being lain on the table after electric capacity is fully charged,That is to say and do not exist equivalent to electric capacity,So only it is bright once,And under communicational aspects,When AC analogue circuit is for a high position,Charged to measured capacitance,By rectification stage,To penetrating with amplifier output voltage,Light quantity display unit in light quantity display level is energized,When AC analogue circuit is output as low level,Electric capacity starts opposite direction charging,Also limit is electric capacity in electric discharge,Due to the presence of commutation capacitor in rectification stage,Also connect with output end with the negative phase end of amplifier because penetrating,So starting sensitive,So penetrating the state that can keep exporting high pressure with amplifier,And when the frequency of AC analogue circuit accelerates,So the light quantity display level of excitation indicates level more with cursor.
Similarly, when testing inductance, because the logical direct current resistance exchange of inductance, inductance light quantity display unit and cursor indicating member all light in direct current, an only bright part in exchange, when frequency is accelerated, bright part is fewer.
8th, oscillator stage.
Oscillator stage is made up of oscillator, upper inclined resistance, lower inclined resistance, integrating resistor, integrating capacitor, output emitter follower, clamp diode：Upper inclined resistance is connected between the output end of oscillator and in-phase end, inclined resistance is connected between the in-phase end of oscillator and ground wire down, integrating capacitor is connected between the negative phase end of oscillator and ground wire, integrating resistor is connected between the output end of oscillator and negative phase end, the in-phase end of the output termination output emitter follower of oscillator, the negative phase end for exporting emitter follower connects with the output end of output emitter follower, the output of each cursor start unit connects a positive pole for clamp diode, and the negative pole of all clamp diodes connects the output end of output emitter follower.
In oscillator stage in addition to output emitter follower with clamp diode, remaining is consistent with AC analogue circuit, therefore, the output of oscillator is also for high-low cycle is exported, cause the also different circulation outputs of height of output emitter follower, the phenomenon for making cursor show that branch road shows is flashed, and voice is indicated because being triggered by the cycle, but regular.Why with output emitter follower, because its load-carrying ability is strong, when it is output as low level, the energy all cursor start units of clamper will not be such that oscillator is damaged with output emitter follower.
Have the advantages that after implementation following prominent：
1st, electricity is important content in physics, and student can clearly cross instrument and come to realize and arrive, the electric conductivity of object in alternating current-direct current, help beginner set up most basic concept in electricity play the role of it is positive.
2nd, the electric conductivity of object can be identified, and reflects energy size with shaping and allow numerous beholders to demonstrate, this is that many more low-grade instruments are difficult to.Demenstration method is that the object that will be surveyed is placed on detection plate.
（1）, in Popular Science Education, the electric conductivity of object from it is a kind of intuitively show in can easily show, beholder understands intuitively, it is easy to receive.
（2）, can qualitatively find out conduction physics energy size, if the object conductivity for being detected is big, the bright quantity of display indicating member in display level is more, otherwise the bright quantity of institute is small.
（3）, it is easy to use, in test object, only need to insert an object into instrument connection, during simulation alternating current-direct current only need to by change-over switch connecting and disconnecting, allow it is corresponding show that indicating member is shinny, it is very convenient.
3rd, Ohm's law is most important philosophy in electricity, and learning in-depth study of the Ohm's law to electricity well has important place mat to act on.Beginner feels that definition is abstract, is demonstrated with shaping by this instrument, beginner can be made to digest Ohm's law and understood, rather than simply generation simply mechanical stiff memory.Demenstration method is to use two test clips, and folder does the two ends of resistance respectively, then by two instrument connections in two test clips difference inserting instrument.
（1）, the timing of voltage one that discloses of sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law, the relation between electric current and resistance.Resistance is bigger, the smaller visual effect of electric current.
And numerous luminous tube implied meanings of this instrument are a rivers, abstract electric current metaphor is become into current.When electric current crosses test body, the phenomenon that conductance object high is demonstrated is that electric current can flow to terminal as river from initial point, and intuitive visual effect is that electric current crosses the resistance being subject to during object（That is resistance）Very little, thus electric current is very unimpeded.Flow far, the kind of object such as resistance surveyed of conductance difference, the resistance being subject to is big（I.e. resistance is big）, as current, flow difficulties flow closely.
（2）, sizing ground demonstration Ohm's law disclose when resistance is a timing, voltage is bigger, and electric current is bigger.And voltage is smaller, the smaller visual effect of electric current.
With a resistance as test object, its display luminous tube is that part luminous tube is bright during demonstration, now adjust the resistance of sensitivity adjustment resistance in instrument, allow its multiplication factor increase, test voltage indication light pipe becomes clear, and its demonstration meaning is to improve the terminal voltage of institute's measuring resistance, the now bright quantity raise-position of the luminous tube of display unit, phenomenon as good conductor, there is shown the visual effect after electric current increase.Conversely, the resistance of the sensitivity adjustment resistance in adjustment instrument, allows its multiplication factor to reduce, now the bright quantity of luminous tube is reduced, so as to represent the situation that electric current is reduced.
Because this instrument largest benefit is abstract concept to be become into visualization, this is particularly the student education in outlying mountain area to beginner, is helpful.
（3）, this instrument there is light quantity to show, cursor shows, sound effect, triple effects, and every kind of display effect is different, and cursor is shown as flashing, and light quantity is shown as light, and sound reports and submits for the cycle, increased delight effect, and beholder teaches through lively activities.
4th, this instrument can allow student to understand some simple physicals and chemical phenomenon, to encourage teen-age science passion.
（1）, set up the most basic concept of semiconductor.
Demenstration method is to use two test clips, and folder does the two ends at the two poles of the earth of diode respectively, then by two instrument connections in two test clips difference inserting instrument.
Occur that good conductor is conductance phenomenon very high in display now.If in reversed polarity insertion instrument connection, the obstructed electrical phenomena of insulator now occurs in display.
（2）, understand conductor and be not only present in metal, and be present in the situation of liquid.
Demenstration method is to use two test clips, two appropriate locations of inner pressurd vessel is put respectively, in the other end difference inserting instrument of two test clips in two instrument connections.Water is put into container, adjust the distance of two test clips, allow electric charge light quantity display unit luminous tube be a kind of state, salt is added in water, at this moment this can find that the bright quantity of luminous tube of display unit can increase, this has told beginner, the electric conductor not just metal class of solid-state, and is present in liquid.
（3）, to understand same object conductivity relevant with environment.
The two ends of dry timber are such as clamped with Crocodile-type clamp, at this moment display level luminous tube is seldom bright, or even does not work, but water is sprinkled upon on this material tested, and the bright quantity of luminous tube can increase, electric conductivity can increase after this explanation timber makes moist.
5th, the manipulative ability of energy training student, its reason one is that circuit is simplified, and integration unit is high, and whole circuit is easily analyzed, very compact, and refining, is that reliability creates good basis.Three is that light shows, sound indicates to work good, strict logics at different levels.Two is that required element is few, and without debugging, easily production, once filling into, cost is very low, can spread to broader scope.So the temperament and interest of numerous teenagers' science can be cultivated, take a keen interest in science, love experiment, the good custom that love is started, this is a free-revving engine of the invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of functional-block diagram of the education demonstrator that integrated form sizing is indicated.
In figure：1st, switching stage；2nd, AC analogue circuit；3rd, instrument connection；5th, rectification stage；6th, penetrate with amplifier；7th, light quantity display level；7.1st, first group of light quantity display unit；7.2nd, second group of light quantity display unit；7.N, last group of light quantity display unit；8th, cursor indicates level；8.1st, first group of cursor indicating member；8.2nd, second group of cursor indicating member；8.N, last group of cursor indicating member；9th, oscillator stage.
Fig. 2 is a kind of electronic circuit schematic diagram of the education demonstrator that integrated form sizing is indicated.
In figure：1.1st, change-over switch；1.2nd, direct current indicates branch road；1.3rd, exchange indicates branch road；1.5th, switching diode；2.1st, comparison amplifier；2.2nd, comparison circuit；2.4th, frequency adjustment resistance；2.5th, frequency adjustment electric capacity；3rd, instrument connection；5.1st, rectifier；5.2nd, commutation diode；5.3rd, commutation capacitor；6th, penetrate with amplifier；7.11st, first group of first light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；7.111st, first group of earth resistance of the first light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；7.12nd, first group of second light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；7.121st, first group of earth resistance of the second light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；7.21st, second group of first light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；7.211st, second group of earth resistance of the first light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；7.22nd, second group of second light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；7.221st, second group of earth resistance of the second light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit；The first light quantity indicator lamp of 7.N1, last group of light quantity display unit；The earth resistance of 7.N11, the first light quantity indicator lamp of last group of light quantity display unit；The second light quantity indicator lamp of 7.N2, last group of light quantity display unit；The earth resistance of 7.N21, the second light quantity indicator lamp of last group of light quantity display unit；8.11st, first group of cursor starter of cursor start unit；8.12nd, first group of isolation resistance of cursor start unit；8.13rd, first group of voice of cursor indicating member is indicated；8.15th, first group of cursor display branch road of cursor indicating member；8.21st, second group of cursor starter of cursor start unit；8.22nd, second group of isolation resistance of cursor start unit；8.23rd, second group of voice of cursor indicating member is indicated；8.25th, second group of cursor display branch road of cursor indicating member；The cursor starter of 8.N1, last group of cursor start unit；The isolation resistance of 8.N2, last group of cursor start unit；8.N3, the voice of last group of cursor indicating member are indicated；8.N5, the cursor of last group of cursor indicating member show branch road；9.1st, oscillator；9.2nd, upper inclined resistance；9.3rd, lower inclined resistance；9.5th, integrating resistor；9.6th, integrating capacitor；9.7th, emitter follower is exported；9.81st, first group of clamp diode of cursor start unit；9.82nd, second group of clamp diode of cursor start unit；The clamp diode of 9.8N, last group of cursor start unit.
Specific implementation example
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are a kind of modes of specific implementation.
First, option：Comparison amplifier, rectifier, cursor starter, to penetrate with amplifier, oscillator, output emitter follower be all using operational amplifier LM324.Luminous tube in cursor display branch road selects the different luminous tube of glow color from light quantity indicator lamp.
2nd, weld：Each several part relation is connected as shown in Figure 1, and specific electronic circuit is welded as shown in Figure 2.
3rd, debug.
In the state of change-over switch is connected in transfer contact and normally-closed contact, it is considered as direct current, direct current indicates branch road to light, it is such as incorrect, then it is probably that change-over switch loose contact or direct current indicate the luminous tube in branch road to damage, in the state of change-over switch is connected in transfer contact and normally opened contact, it is considered as exchange, exchange indicates branch road to light, such as incorrect, then be probably that change-over switch loose contact or exchange indicate the luminous tube in branch road to damage.
1st, the frequency adjustment of AC analogue circuit is consistent with the frequency of oscillation adjustment in oscillator stage
The output end of comparison amplifier and oscillator, cold end ground connection are connect with the hot junction of oscillograph.
After being powered up, the figure shows that oscillograph has,
It is probably wrong element welding, or be probably bad capacitor quality, serious drain if incorrect.
The value that frequency adjustment resistance adjusts electric capacity with frequency is adjusted in AC analogue circuit, the frequency shown by oscillograph is met design requirement, its rule is frequency adjustment resistance bigger with the value of frequency adjustment electric capacity, and frequency is slower, otherwise faster.
In oscillator stage, the value of adjustment integrating capacitor and integrating resistor makes the frequency shown by oscillograph meet design requirement, and its rule is integrating resistor bigger with the value of integrating capacitor, and frequency is slower, otherwise faster.
2nd, the energization inspection of light quantity display level.
To penetrate and broken with the output of amplifier, directly connect first group of first light quantity indicator lamp of light quantity display unit with power supply, now all of light quantity indicator lamp all lights, and the light that first group of light quantity display unit sends is most bright, gradually weakens later.It is such as incorrect, then it is probably that indicator lamp is damaged, or the weldering of indicator lamp polarity is anti-.
3rd, cursor indicates the energization inspection of level.
A, basic function detection：The output of oscillator stage is broken, a resistance is connect with power supply and is connect first group of cursor starter of cursor start unit（In Fig. 2 8.11）In-phase end, now in first group of cursor indicating member voice indicate（In Fig. 2 8.13）Sounding, while first group of cursor of cursor indicating member indicates branch road（In Fig. 2 8.15）It is luminous.
Similarly detect other cursor indicating members.
B, cursor indicate the debugging of level：The output of oscillator stage is broken, testing capacitor is connect into instrument connection（In Fig. 23）, by change-over switch（In Fig. 2 1.1）Transfer contact connect with normally opened contact, now, penetrate with amplifier（In Fig. 26）There is output, break all light quantity display units in addition to first group of light quantity display unit, the output of first group of light quantity display unit has voltage, and first group of cursor of cursor indicating member indicates branch road（In Fig. 2 8.15）Luminous, the voice of the first cursor indicating member is indicated（In Fig. 2 8.13）Sounding, if incorrect, whether the output for detecting the first cursor start unit with universal meter has voltage, is that the cursor starter of the first cursor start unit is damaged if no-voltage（In Fig. 2 8.11）, then it is that first group of cursor of cursor indicating member indicates the indicator lamp of branch road to damage without luminous if voltage, it is that voice indicates to damage if luminous without sounding.
Similarly debug other cursor indicating members.
4th, the detection of oscillator stage.
Testing capacitor is connect into instrument connection, the transfer contact of change-over switch is connected with normally opened contact, the output end of output emitter follower is surveyed with universal meter, cursor indicating member is watched, in a cycle, when universal meter is zero, cursor indicating member extinguishes, and when universal meter has voltage to show, cursor indicating member is bright, it is clamp diode sealing-off or damage if incorrect.
5th, in electric capacity being inserted into instrument connection, in exchange, adjust frequency of oscillation, accelerate vibration, observation display indicating member, frequency is faster, display indicating member is bright must be more, frequency is slower, it is bright must be fewer.In direct current, display indicating member only it is glittering once, afterwards to put out.
During test inductance, because the logical direct current resistance exchange of inductance, inductance light quantity display unit and cursor indicating member all light in direct current, an only bright part in exchange, when frequency is accelerated, bright part is fewer.
Claims (3)
1. the education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing is indicated, it is characterized in that：By switching stage, instrument connection, AC analogue circuit, rectification stage, amplifying stage, light quantity display level, cursor indicates level, and oscillator stage is collectively constituted：
Wherein：Switching stage indicates branch road, direct current to indicate branch road, switching diode to constitute by change-over switch, exchange：The normally opened contact of change-over switch connects power supply, the normally-closed contact ground wire of change-over switch, exchange indicates branch road to be connected between the transfer contact of change-over switch and ground wire, direct current indicates branch road to be connected between power supply and the transfer contact of change-over switch, the positive pole of switching diode connects the negative phase end of comparison amplifier in AC analogue circuit, and the negative pole of switching diode connects the transfer contact of change-over switch；
AC analogue circuit is made up of comparison amplifier, frequency adjustment resistance, frequency adjustment electric capacity, comparison circuit；
Frequency adjustment resistance is connected between the output end of comparison amplifier and negative phase end, frequency adjustment electric capacity is connected between negative phase end and ground wire, comparison circuit is serially connected between the output of comparison amplifier and ground wire by two resistance, and its middle series connection point is connected on the in-phase end of comparison amplifier；
Rectification stage is made up of rectifier, output diode, commutation capacitor, and amplifying stage has been connected in the form penetrated with amplifying：One instrument connection is connected on the negative phase end of comparison amplifier, another instrument connection is connected on the in-phase end of rectifier in rectification stage, the end of oppisite phase of rectifier is connected together with output end, the positive pole of the output termination output diode of rectifier, the negative pole of output diode connects to be penetrated with the in-phase end of amplifier, commutation capacitor is connected between the in-phase end and ground wire penetrated with amplifier, is penetrated and is connected together with output end with the end of oppisite phase of amplifier, is penetrated and is indicated level with the output termination light quantity of amplifier；
Light quantity display level is made up of multigroup light quantity display unit：Every group of light quantity display unit is made up of two light quantity indicator lamps with two earth resistances,The negative pole of each light quantity indicator lamp connects an earth resistance to ground wire,Each two light quantity indicator lamp and two earth resistances constitute one group of light quantity display unit,Every group of light quantity display unit series connection,Each light quantity indicator lamp series connection in every group of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of each light quantity indicator lamp connects a light quantity indicator lamp earth resistance to ground wire,The positive pole of first group of light quantity display unit the first light quantity indicator lamp is first group of input of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of first group of light quantity display unit last light quantity indicator lamp is first group of output of light quantity display unit,The positive pole of second group of light quantity display unit the first light quantity indicator lamp is second group of input of light quantity display unit,The negative pole of second group of light quantity display unit last light quantity indicator lamp is second group of output of light quantity display unit,By that analogy,Later is multigroup all such；
Cursor indicates level to indicate to constitute with cursor display branch road, voice by multigroup cursor start unit；
Cursor start unit is made up of cursor starter and isolation resistance；
The negative phase end ground wire of each cursor starter, the in-phase end of each cursor starter connects one group of output of light quantity display unit, the output of each cursor starter connects an one end for isolation resistance, the other end of each isolation resistance is the output of correspondence cursor start unit, and connection cursor display branch road is indicated with voice；
Oscillator stage is made up of oscillator, upper inclined resistance, lower inclined resistance, integrating resistor, integrating capacitor, output emitter follower, clamp diode：Upper inclined resistance is connected between the output end of oscillator and in-phase end, inclined resistance is connected between the in-phase end of oscillator and ground wire down, integrating capacitor is connected between the negative phase end of oscillator and ground wire, integrating resistor is connected between the output end of oscillator and negative phase end, the in-phase end of the output termination output emitter follower of oscillator, the negative phase end for exporting emitter follower connects with the output end of output emitter follower, the output of each cursor start unit connects a positive pole for clamp diode, and the negative pole of all clamp diodes connects the output end of output emitter follower.
2. the education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing according to claim 1 is indicated, it is characterized in that：Comparison amplifier, rectifier, cursor starter, to penetrate with amplifier, oscillator, output emitter follower be all using operational amplifier LM324.
3. the education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing according to claim 1 is indicated, it is characterized in that：Luminous tube in cursor display branch road selects the different luminous tube of glow color from light quantity indicator lamp.
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| CN201510809411.XA CN106781904A (en) | 2015-11-22 | 2015-11-22 | The education demonstrator that a kind of integrated form sizing is indicated |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |