CN106918622A - Vapor condensation heat-exchange experimental system in a kind of horizontal tube of degree of supercooling wide containing multicomponent gas - Google Patents
Vapor condensation heat-exchange experimental system in a kind of horizontal tube of degree of supercooling wide containing multicomponent gas Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to reactor safety technological facilities field, more particularly to a kind of degree of supercooling wide for studying condensing heat exchanger performance in nuclear power plant containment shell filtering emission system contains vapor condensation heat-exchange experimental system in the horizontal tube of multicomponent gas, the system is equally applicable to steam flowing condensation heat transfer characteristics research in horizontal tube of other fields containing polynary incoagulable gas.Including steam supply system, inner air tube supply system, helium supply system, water-cooled subsystem, air cooling subsystem, steam-water separation system and data collecting system, it is characterised in that：Water-cooled subsystem includes double-tube heat exchanger and cooling water system.The present invention is realized in the range of broad wall degree of supercooling, the level of carrying out and tilt condition down tube include the experimental study of the steam flowing condensation heat transfer characteristics of multicomponent incoagulable gas, condensing heat-exchange mechanism is gained more insight into this, for design of condenser, the exploitation of enhanced heat exchange element and heat exchanger running technology provide scientific basis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reactor safety technological facilities field, more particularly to one kind is for studying nuclear power plant containment shell filtering
Vapor condensation heat-exchange experimental system in horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide of condensing heat exchanger performance containing multicomponent gas in exhaust system, should
System is equally applicable to steam flowing condensation heat transfer characteristics research in horizontal tube of other fields containing polynary incoagulable gas.
Background technology
Condensing heat-exchange process has the characteristics of unique liquid film is uneven to be distributed in horizontal tube, so that local have high changing
Hot coefficient.The condenser designed based on this condensate form possesses stronger exchange capability of heat, antidetonation and pressure-resistant effect higher,
Therefore nuclear energy, chemical industry, space flight and energy field are widely used in.In nuclear power plant containment shell filtering emission system, lead to
Cross by the way of horizontal tube condensing heat exchanger recovery section lime set, extend the high efficiency filter time of venturi water scrubber, from
And can major accident generation after 72 hours even longer time in, it is ensured that containment pressure without departing from its pressure-bearing limit,
Avoid a large amount of of radioactive substance from leaking, reduce the injury to personnel and environment.When the coolant loss of generation primary Ioops, main steam
During the major accident that pipeline breaking superposition reactor core melts, a large amount of steam will be discharged into containment, while melting reactor core and mixing
The incoagulable gas (including hydrogen) that solidifying soil reaction is produced also will go into containment so that in containment accumulation it is a large amount of by
The Diversity gas of steam, air and hydrogen composition.In the containment filtration exhaust system course of work, these gases enter
During to horizontal tube condensing heat exchanger, it may appear that the in-tube condensation heat transfer process containing polynary incoagulable gas.In the reality of condenser
Among, incoagulable gas is one of the key factor for influenceing its working characteristics.When incoagulable gas is contained in steam, change
Condensing heat-exchange ability in hot device can significantly be weakened.It can be seen from experimental analysis according to foreign scholar：Work as water vapour
In air containing quality share 0.5% when, cooling energy recovery can rapid drawdown 50%.Current desalinization, chemical material are produced
All method of the incoagulable gas to condensing heat-exchange inhibition is reduced with nuclear plant safety systems design area in finding method.By
This understands that vapor condensation heat-exchange characteristic of the research containing multicomponent incoagulable gas is for the condenser engineer applied in each field
It is significant.Further, since the demand of nuclear power station non-passive safety, uses air nature outside the pipe of horizontal heat exchange of heat pipe
The mode of convection current cooling, so that condensing heat-exchange is carried out under relatively low wall degree of supercooling.Therefore, for ensure nuclear power station send out
The in particular cases horizontal tube condenser reliability service of raw major accident is, it is necessary to pass through experiment cold to the multicomponent gas of low degree of supercooling
Solidifying heat transfer characteristic is studied, and is the experimental system that this is also accomplished by a set of energy simulated accident condition.But do not have also both at home and abroad
The document published refers to the related experiment system that can be used for the experiment.
Due to there is gas-liquid two-phase to coexist during condensing heat-exchange all the time, exchange heat, influence factor complex with flow process
Numerous, this causes that corresponding theory analysis is particularly difficult.Therefore make experimentally the current research for condensing heat-exchange more.
Generally, researcher designs according to the object to be studied and goal in research and builds corresponding experimental system, certain by measurement
Thermal parameter analyze the condensation heat transfer characteristics under different condition.Due to incoagulable gas be influence condensing heat-exchange it is crucial because
Element, therefore domestic and foreign scholars have carried out substantial amounts of experimental study for the direction at present, but focus primarily upon in VERTICAL TUBE
With the condensing heat-exchange research outside horizontal tube, therefore experimental system used is also outer cold both for vertical in-tube condensation and horizontal tube
Solidifying experimental design, the Research Requirements of flow condensation in the horizontal tube of complexity can not be met.This be due to：With out-tubular condensing phase
Than in Bottomhole pressure condensation process, lime set cannot drain in time, can be flowed with gas, therefore can be sent out in condensation process
The differentiation of raw flow pattern, the corresponding condensation heat transfer characteristics of different flow patterns also have larger difference.Additionally, due to weight in horizontal tube
The influence of stress effect, distributed architecture of the gas-liquid two-phase in pipe shows obvious asymmetry feature, and flow structure is more multiple
It is miscellaneous.Therefore, the research to condensation heat transfer characteristics in horizontal tube is needed using the experimental system with Flow Regime Ecognition function.To obtain
More accurate and believable experimental data, designs a set of steam flowing that polynary incoagulable gas is included suitable for research level pipe
Flow pattern in the experimental system of condensing heat-exchange, and energy control pipe, the condensation heat transfer characteristics researched and analysed under different flow patterns seem particularly
It is important.
Among published condensation test system, number of patent application is disclosed in the patent document of 201420108048.X
" a kind of condensation test combination unit " collection of condensed water can only be carried out, the performance of heat exchanger is evaluated by condensation number, and
Cannot be used for the research and analysis of condensation heat transfer characteristics；Number of patent application is disclosed in 201521078337.0 patent document
The condensation power that " double pipe heat exchanger boiling in ducts/condensing heat-exchange Testing Platform " is capable of heat exchanging device is tested, but
The vapor condensation heat-exchange research containing incoagulable gas can not be carried out, the Local Heat Transfer ability in pipe can not be obtained；Patent Shen
" vapor condensation heat-exchange containing multicomponent incoagulable gas experiment that please be number disclosed in 201210540382.8 patent document
Device " although can to VERTICAL TUBE outside steam natural flow condensation heat transfer characteristic carry out more detailed analysis, due to
Horizontal tube is interior larger with condensing heat-exchange mechanism gap outside VERTICAL TUBE, therefore flow pattern heat exchanging is not accounted in the experimental provision
The research of performance impact, while the setting of the arrangement form, the type of cooling of experimental bench there is also difference so that the experimental provision is simultaneously
May not apply to steam flowing condensation test research in horizontal tube；During number of patent application is 201510848946.8 patent document
Disclosed " a kind of series of vapor condensation experiments device of use cavitation effect reinforcing containing on-condensible gas " is using Venturi tube to cooling water
Fragmentation is carried out, steam direct contact type condensation is carried out, the field and heat transfer problem studied with this experimental provision are completely different, together
Sample may not apply to the flow condensation HEAT EXCHANGE ANALYSIS in pipe.The Gianfranco Caruso of Roma Univ. use the air cooling of pipe outer space
But mode research level pipe includes the condensation process under air conditionses, although obtain dividing for the interior partial condensation coefficient of heat transfer of pipe
Cloth, but the system still suffers from certain deficiency and defect：(1) experimental analysis containing multicomponent incoagulable gas can not be carried out；(2)
Because pipe outside is using air cooling, heat exchange power is relatively low, it is impossible to carry out the condensation test under the conditions of wave flow and stratified flow；
(3) visual observation section is lacked, it is impossible to which gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern in pipe is directly observed, so as to flow pattern cannot be studied to condensation
The influence of heat transfer characteristic.To solve subject matter present in prior art, can more fully and accurately study containing polynary
Under the conditions of incoagulable gas, influence of every thermal parameter to local condensing heat-exchange ability, so that for containment filtration discharges system
The design of horizontal tube condenser provides technical support in system, devises this set comprehensive experimental system.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose it is a kind of can be in broad wall degree of supercooling excursion, larger horizontal tube
The condensation heat transfer characteristics research of multicomponent gas is carried out under the conditions of angle of inclination, while offer can be used to verify flow pattern to condensing heat-exchange
Vapor condensation heat-exchange experimental system in horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide of performance impact containing multicomponent gas.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
The present invention includes steam supply system, inner air tube supply system, helium supply system, water-cooled subsystem, air cooling
Subsystem, steam-water separation system and data collecting system.Wherein water-cooled subsystem includes double-tube heat exchanger and cooling water system；It is empty
Refrigeration subsystem includes heat exchanger tube, air channel and cooling air system.System is characterized in：Horizontal heat exchange tube in air cooling subsystem
Composition air cooling experiment body in air channel is placed in, air channel bottom is connected with cooling air system, heat exchange tube inlet and steam
Supply system, inner air tube supply system are connected with helium supply system, so as to the in-tube condensation for realizing multicomponent gas mixing is changed
Hot experiment demand.Heat exchanger tube outlet is connected by visual observation section with steam-water separation system, and steam is outer by pipe in heat exchanger tube
After side air cooling condenses, steam water interface enters steam-water separation system, and the gas isolated is from the top of steam-water separator
Discharge of pipes in air, after entering lime set tank from bottom pipe through draining valve discharge by lime set.Experiment body is in water-cooled subsystem
By heat exchanger tube and the coaxially arranged double-tube heat exchanger of outer tube, heat exchanger ring cavity space is connected with cooling water system, exchanges heat
Tube inlet is connected by high-pressure hose with steam, air and helium supply system, and heat exchanger tube is exported by visualizing section and high pressure
Flexible pipe is connected with steam-water separation system, identical with air cooling system, and the steam water interface after condensing enters steam-water separation system
Discharged after gas is separated with lime set.By four-way pipeline and valve group and steam, air and helium between two systems
Supply system is connected with each other, and autonomous working and the coupling operational of two systems can be realized by certain operation.
Present invention additionally comprises：
1st, the steam supply system includes boiler, by the saturated vapor of boiler generation by steam conveying pipe and heat exchange
Tube inlet main pipeline is connected, and steam conveying pipe is set by the way of the parallel connection of multigroup different-diameter pipeline on every group of pipeline
Steam-flow meter, the flowmeter of multigroup different ranges can meet the demand tested in the range of wide in range steam flow.
Stop valve and temperature, pressure-measuring-point are set before and after flowmeter outside Stable Length.
2nd, the inner air tube supply system includes air compressor and air accumulator etc..Air compressor produces certain pressure
Compressed air injection air accumulator in, compressed air is by the pressure-reducing valve on reservoir outlet pipeline and heat exchange tube inlet main pipeline
It is connected.Airflow pipe sets inner air tube mass flow equally using the arrangement of manifold systems on every group of pipeline
Meter, sets flow control valve after flowmeter.
3rd, the helium supply system by high-pressure gas cylinder, bus-bar and reducer unit into.Some high pressure helium gas cylinders pass through
After metal hose and valve in parallel access bus-bar main gas tube, it is connected with heat exchange tube inlet by pressure-reducing valve.Helium delivery pipe
Helium gas flow meter in pipe is set on road, flow control valve is set after flowmeter.
4th, the cooling air system of the air cooling subsystem include Roots blower, mass air flow sensor and corresponding pipeline with
Valve.The air provided by Roots blower is connected by airflow pipe with the air channel of experiment body, in air channel
Horizontal heat exchanger tube of plunderring absorbs heat, is finally emitted into atmospheric environment.
5th, the air channel porch of the air cooling subsystem sets the double-deck orifice plate that there are certain intervals.By cooling air
The air that system is provided enters among air channel after double-deck orifice plate flows, it is ensured that air channel inner section wind speed is uniform.
The 6th, the conduit of certain amount is set on the inwall of the air channel in the air cooling subsystem, correspondence number can be installed
Purpose level patch pipe.
7th, the air channel on heat exchanger tube top is divided into some by some dividing plates being equally spaced in the air cooling subsystem
Separate space, dividing plate is made up of the relatively low material of the capacity of heat transmission.Temperature point measurement air themperature is respectively provided with each dividing plate.
8th, the cooling water system of the water-cooled subsystem is by cooling pond, centrifugal pump, cooling water flow meter and corresponding pipe
Road is constituted with valve.Cooling water is extracted out via centrifugal pump from pond, enters real by cooling water flow regulating valve and flowmeter
Test in section ring cavity, reverse flow is formed with steam in heat exchanger tube.Come back among cooling water tank after absorbing heat.
9th, the experimental section of the water-cooled subsystem is arranged on the support platform of angle adjustable.By changing support platform
Level angle, it is possible to achieve under different tilt conditions condensing heat-exchange experiment.
10th, U-shaped water kinking structure and steam, air are set on the entrance main pipeline of the air cooling subsystem and water-cooled subsystem
It is connected with helium system, outlet sets quartz glass visual observation section and is connected with steam-water separation system.The wherein U-shaped curved main body of water
It is U-tube road, pipeline bottom is installed drain valve, heating tape is tied with outside two vertical sections, and its power is adjusted by independent attemperating unit
Section.
11st, between water-cooled and air cooling subsystem set four-way mechanism and valve group, four-way mechanism respectively with air cooling subsystem,
Water-cooled subsystem is connected with steam, inner air tube, helium supply system and steam-water separator.
12nd, all of measurement apparatus are connected by signal line with data collecting system and computer.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：By by the type of cooling on the outside of water-cooled and two kinds of pipes of air cooling
Be combined and independent, realize in the range of broad wall degree of supercooling, carry out level and tilt condition down tube include it is many
The steam of component incoagulable gas flows the experimental study of condensation heat transfer characteristics, and condensing heat-exchange mechanism is gained more insight into this,
For design of condenser, the exploitation of enhanced heat exchange element and heat exchanger running technology provide scientific basis.The set experimental system can be real
It is existing：(1) steaming of pure steam, incoagulable gas containing one pack system and multicomponent incoagulable gas in level and tilt condition down tube is carried out
The experimental study of the dynamic condensation heat transfer characteristics of steam flow；(2) by changing the type of cooling on the outside of heat exchanger tube, in wide in range wall degree of supercooling
Influence of the factor to local exchange capability of heat is studied in excursion；(3) using visualization technique to the gas-liquid two-phase flow in pipe
Type is directly observed, and with reference to flow pattern judged result, can analyze effect of the variations in flow patterns to condensing heat-exchange mechanism；(4) use
Paste Manifold technology to simulate the different dynamic features of tube bank arrangement condition down tube outer air flows, so as to meet under different tube bank arrangement conditions
Condensing heat-exchange tests demand；(5) design of the curved additional heating tape of U-shaped water employed in system can effectively eliminate steam mistake
Heat and degree of supercooling, it is ensured that experiment steam used is in saturation state all the time；(6) helium supply system of real-time, tunable pressure can
Maintain the helium gas flow in experimentation constant, reduce interference of the flowed fluctuation to interpretation, it is ensured that polynary not coagulate
The stability of type gas condensing heat-exchange experiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system flow schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention is main by steam supply system, inner air tube supply system, helium supply system, air cooling
Subsystem, water-cooled subsystem, steam-water separation system and data collecting system are constituted.Steam supply system, inner air tube supply
System is in parallel with helium supply system, there is provided a certain proportion of Diversity gas, steam, air and helium from each system
It is sufficiently mixed in the U-shaped water of heat exchange tube inlet main pipeline is curved.Then according to experiment condition setting selection enter air cooling or
Water-cooled subsystem.In air cooling system, steam is condensed by the air cooling in pipe outer air duct in heat exchanger tube；In water-cooling system
In, steam is subject to manage the cooling of cooling water in outer ring cavity and condense into water in pipe.Carry out the warp of the steam water interface after condensing heat-exchange
By quartz glass visual observation section, entering back into carries out steam-water separation in steam-water separation system, and gas is arranged through air bleeding valve after separation
Enter air, lime set is recovered to carries out condensate flow measurement in lime set measuring appliance.
Wherein steam supply system is main by wet steamer 14, stop valve 15, vortex-shedding meter 16 and regulating valve 17
And the composition such as pressure, temperature measuring instrument, for providing the steaming of uniform temperature, certain pressure needed for condensing heat-exchange experiment
Vapour.The saturated vapor produced by steam boiler 14 after vortex-shedding meter 16 measures flow, the master into before experimental section entrance
In pipeline.In order to meet the demand tested in the range of wide in range steam flow, the steam for setting multigroup different-diameter is defeated
Send pipeline in parallel, using the flowmeter of corresponding bore on every pipeline, so as to ensure the accurate of in broad scope flow
Measurement.It is the in-tube condensation heat transfer characteristic under the conditions of research multicomponent, by inner air tube supply system, helium supply system and steaming
Vapour feed system is in parallel, then pipeline after parallel connection is connected by flange with the main pipeline of experimental section entrance, by difference in experiment
After the steam of ratio, air and helium are mixed, it is transported in experimental section.Air is provided using inner air tube supply system,
The system is made up of air compressor 1, air accumulator 2, stop valve 3, mass flowmenter 4 and regulating valve 5.Air compressor 1 is produced
In the compressed air injection air accumulator 2 of certain pressure, compressed air by the stop valve 3 on the outlet conduit of air accumulator 2, and through matter
Enter in main pipeline after the amount measurement flow of flowmeter 4.Airflow pipe equally uses the arrangement of manifold systems, every
The mass flowmenter of different ranges is set on group pipeline, the accurate adjustment of flow is carried out to ensure incoagulability gas using regulating valve 5
The content of body.Helium supply system is by high-pressure helium gas bomb 6, metal hose 7, valve 8,11,13, bus-bar 9, pressure-reducing valve 10
Constituted with flowmeter 12.During some high pressure helium gas cylinders are by metal hose 7 and the access bus-bar 9 in parallel of valve 8, then by decompression
Valve 10 accesses main pipeline after being depressured by pipeline.Steam supply system, inner air tube supply system and helium supply system are in parallel
It is connected with experimental section entrance main pipeline afterwards.Saturated vapor, air and helium conflux mixing on heat exchange tube inlet main pipeline, according to
Dalton's law (of partial pressures) understands that the gross pressure of mixed gas is equal to the partial pressure sum of each component, therefore water steams in mixed gas
Gross pressure of the partial pressure of vapour less than system.However, it can be seen from system flow condition, under what boiler was produced is total system pressure
Saturated vapor, corresponding vapor (steam) temperature is the saturation temperature under total system pressure, and this temperature is higher than vapor partial pressure power correspondence
Saturation temperature.That is, after three kinds of gas mixings, steam will be in superheat state.To prevent experimental section inlet steam
Overheat and influence the accuracy of condensing heat-exchange experimental result, U-shaped water kinking structure 18 is set on heat exchange tube inlet main pipeline, in U
The curved bottom of type water sets drain valve 20, and by controlling opening of valve, the moment keeps there is appropriate saturation water in U-shaped water curved 18
To absorb the overheat and degree of supercooling of steam reduction steam.Additionally, the U-shaped curved vertical tube outer surface of water is tied with the heating with function of temperature control
Band.In experimentation, the vapo(u)rous temperature under setting heating-up temperature as experiment condition, to ensure that steam is in saturation shape all the time
State, it is to avoid the influence that the single-phase heat exchanging segment that may occur at heat exchange tube inlet is analyzed condensing heat-exchange.
After steam, air and helium are sufficiently mixed in the U-shaped water of heat exchange tube inlet main pipeline is curved, according to experiment work
Condition setting selection enters air cooling or water-cooled subsystem.Air cooling subsystem is main by heat exchanger tube 22, air channel 34 and cooling air
System etc. is constituted.Water-cooled subsystem is mainly made up of double-tube heat exchanger 40 and cooling water system.The outlet of U-shaped water curved 18 is through threeway
After shunting, one of branch road is connected with the tube side of the double-tube heat exchanger 40 of water-cooled subsystem, another branch road and air cooling subsystem
The heat exchanger tube 22 of system is connected.Four-way valve group is arranged before and after water-cooled subsystem and air cooling subsystem, by controlling in four-way valve group
The switch combination of valve 24,38 and 39, can carry out the only of two subsystemses by the parameter area of wall degree of supercooling according to needed for experiment
Vertical and coupling operational, so as to ensure to carry out condensing heat-exchange reality under the conditions of flow pattern in broad degree of supercooling scope and controllable pipe
Test.
The cooling air system of air cooling subsystem includes Roots blower 31, vortex-shedding meter 32 and valve 33.Roots rouses
The air that blower fan is provided is flowed into the air channel 34 of experiment body, and horizontal heat exchanger tube of plunderring absorbs heat in air channel, finally from air channel
In outlet drain to air.Expansion segment and double-deck orifice plate are set in the entrance of air channel 34, incoming air on the outside of pipe is carried out
Change is processed.Certain straight section length is reserved between double-deck orifice plate and heat exchanger tube, it is ensured that pipe outer gas stream divides before reaching heat exchanger tube
With uniform, flow field stabilization.Heat exchanger tube top sets some dividing plates 36 and duct space is divided into some separate units, measures each respectively
Heat exchange power in unit is used for the partial condensation coefficient of heat transfer in computer tube.There is heat exchange, dividing plate choosing to prevent unit
The weaker material manufacture of the capacity of heat transmission is selected to form.
In air cooling subsystem, manage outer air horizontal heat exchanger tube of plunderring and steam in pipe is condensed.For research pipe row effect and
The influence of comb mode heat exchanging, conduit 37 is provided with the inwall of air channel 34 of air cooling subsystem, real for installing tube bank
Patch pipe needed for testing.By installing various sizes of patch pipe, the condensing heat-exchange experiment under different tube bank arrangement conditions can be carried out, used
Effect is arranged in analyzer tube and comb mode exchanges the influence of thermal process.
The cooling water system of water-cooled subsystem is by 46 groups of cooling pond 43, centrifugal pump 44, valve 45 and cooling water flow meter
Into.Cooling water is extracted out via centrifugal pump 44 from pond 43, and experiment is entered by cooling water flow regulating valve 45 and flowmeter 46
In section ring cavity, heat convection is carried out with heat exchanger tube outside wall surface, absorb and return to after the heat for condensing release among cooling pond 43.
The double-tube heat exchanger 40 of water-cooled subsystem is fixed in rotatable movable platform 48, and movable platform passes through bearing 47
It is connected with the fixed platform of lower end.By adjusting the angle of rotation platform, change the angle of rotation platform 48 and horizontal level, from
And the in-tube condensation local heat transfer under tilt condition can be carried out.Amount of the angle of rotation platform by arrangement on the stationary platform
Angle device is measured, and limiter is provided with above fixed platform, can be made the angle of rotation platform and be carried out between 0-45 degree
Adjust and fix, such that it is able to study influence of the different angle to condensation heat transfer characteristics.Heat exchanger tube import and export in water-cooled subsystem
It is attached using flexible high pressure rubber hose, free space is provided such that it is able to the rotation for platform, is carried out with facilitating
The condensing heat-exchange experiment of tilt condition.
Due to the influence of gravity in horizontal tube, flow pattern shows asymmetrical feature.Compared to the condensation in VERTICAL TUBE, water
Complicated flow pattern is developed in flat pipe influences larger to condensing heat-exchange, and the cooling energy recovery difference between different flow patterns is also larger.Cause
This, the influence for research flow pattern to condensing heat-exchange has been respectively mounted resistance in the heat exchanger tube outlet of water-cooled subsystem and air cooling subsystem
The quartz glass tube that temperature is pressure-resistant is directly seen as visual observation section, the gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern for exchanging heat pipe exit
Examine.With reference to flow pattern judged result, influence of the analysis flow pattern transition to condensing heat-exchange；The visualization that flow pattern can also be combined simultaneously is seen
Examine, the method by changing the type of cooling or regulation cooling medium consumption carrys out the model of flow pattern in control pipe to default working condition requirement
Enclose, carry out the in-tube condensation heat transfer characteristic research under single flow pattern.
Lime set tank in steam-water separation system is used to provide fluid-tight, and heat exchange pipe pressure declines in preventing experimentation, while
It is also used for the condensate flow in cooling water of units of measurement time.By adjusting the aperture of lime set tank outlet valve 30, keep in liquid level gauge 29
Liquid level is in 1/2 range or so all the time, to ensure that the moment is in fluid-tight state in tank.In level process is measured, lime set is closed
Tank outlet valve 30, the liquid level lifting height in the measurement stipulated time, you can condensate flow is obtained, for calculating condensation process
Heat exchange power.
Required amount of helium is larger during due to carrying out the condensation test of incoagulable gas containing multicomponent, according to fixed capacity
Helium storage container as source of the gas, it may appear that due to the reduction of storage tolerance, the supply gas pressure that occurs declines problem, and then leads
Cause helium gas flow change, it is impossible to ensure experimental precision.Therefore, the helium supply system in the system is used based on bus-bar design
Multiple tank parallel technology.Each high-pressure helium gas bomb accesses bus-bar by metal hose with valve, by control valve
Whether is the input of switch selection gas cylinder, changes input helium tank number, and helium gas flow keeps steady in maintaining experimentation with this
It is fixed.
Steam, air, helium and cooling water flow are carried out by the flowmeter with degree of precision needed for experimentation
Measurement, each flow is adjusted by the valve installed on correspondence pipeline；Temperature and pressure is respectively by thermocouple and pressure sensor
Measure.All data obtained in experimentation are collected by data collecting system, are finally transported to calculating
Stored in machine and arranged.
Specific workflow of the invention is as follows：Inner air tube supply system is by air compressor 1, air accumulator in the present invention
2nd, flowmeter 4 and valve 3 and 5 are constituted.The compressed air produced by air compressor 1 is introduced into air accumulator 2, then passes through stream
Gauge 4 enters heat exchange tube inlet main pipeline, and inner air tube flow is adjusted by valve 5.Helium supply system is by high-pressure helium
Gas bomb 6, metal hose 7, valve 8,11,13, bus-bar 9, pressure-reducing valve 10 and flowmeter 12 are constituted.Thrown when a certain gas cylinder is selected
It is fashionable, the valve for connecting the gas cylinder branch road is opened, close other valves for not putting into gas cylinder branch road.Helium is entered by gas cylinder and confluxed
Row 9, main pipeline is entered after flowing through flowmeter 12 after the step-down of pressure-reducing valve 10.Steam supply system is by boiler 14, valve 15,17
Constituted with flowmeter 16.After the steam that boiler is produced measures flow by flowmeter 16, supplied with inner air tube supply system and helium
Answer the air that system is provided latter with helium mix with entrance U-shaped water curved 18.U-shaped water bend pipe pipeline outer wall is tied with heating tape 19,
The curved bottom of water is provided with hydrophobic valve 20.Drain valve 20 is slightly opened in experimentation, maintain U-shaped water it is curved in have it is a small amount of full
With water absorbing steam superheat.At the same time, the electrical heating temperature for setting heating tape 19 using temperature control system is current steam
Saturation temperature corresponding to partial pressure, so as to better ensure that the steam into heat exchanger tube is in saturation state all the time.
It is different according to experiment condition, entered among different sub-systems by mixed gas of the U-shaped water after curved.When carrying out air cooling
During experiment, valve 38,39 and 42 is closed, and water-cooled subsystem is isolated.Gaseous mixture enters air cooling subsystem by valve 21
Heat exchanger tube 22 in carry out condensing heat-exchange.Steam-water mixing gas after condensation is entered by visual observation section 23 and valve 24,25
In steam-water separator 26.Gas after separation is discharged among air by the upper valve 27 of steam-water separator 26, and lime set is downward
Into in lime set tank 28.After measuring the liquid level rate of climb using liquid level gauge 29, lime set discharges experimental system via valve 30.In sky
In refrigeration subsystem, cooling air system is made up of air blower 31, flowmeter 32, valve 33 and air channel 34.Carried by air blower
The air of confession enters in air channel 34 after flowing through flowmeter 32.In air channel, air is then horizontal first by double-deck orifice plate 35
Plunder heat exchanger tube and absorb heat, finally by splitting by dividing plate 36 the small space drainage that is formed to environment.On the inwall of air channel
Patch tube seat road 37 is provided with, when carrying out tube bundles experiment, among heat exchanger tube insertion conduit, formation tube bank arrangement, so as to simulate
Tube bank condition during true heat exchanger applications.
When water-cooled experiment is carried out, valve 21,24 and 25 is closed, and air cooling subsystem is isolated with main pipeline.Gaseous mixture passes through U
Type water is curved, among the inner tube of the sleeve pipe heat exchanger 40 of valve 38 and 39.After mixed gas are to cooling water release heat in ring cavity
Condense, then gaseous mixture together enters in steam-water separator 26 with lime set by visual observation section 41 and valve 42, complete
Into steam-water separation and the process of condensate flow measurement.Cooling water is stored in cooling water tank 43 in ring cavity, in the driving of centrifugal pump 44
Under, among the ring cavity passage by valve 45 and the sleeve pipe heat exchanger 40 of flowmeter 46, the heat of absorption condensation process release
After flow back among cooling water tank 43.The double-tube heat exchanger of water-cooled subsystem is fixed on rotatable platform 48.Rotation platform 48
It is connected with bearing 47.When carrying out the condensing heat-exchange experiment under tilt condition, by recording the angle shown on bearing 47, you can know
The angle of heat exchanger tube and horizontal level under road current experiment operating mode.
In experimentation, cooling air and water-carrying capacity outside heat exchanger tube, the steam, air and helium gas flow in heat exchanger tube are equal
Measured by flowmeter；The temperature of gaseous mixture, cooling water and cooling air is measured by thermocouple；Mixture pressure by
Pressure sensor is measured.The data of all measuring instrumentss are collected by data collecting system 49, recently enter computer
Stored in 50.
Present invention offer one kind can be realized under water and Air Coupling and independent cooling condition, in research level and tipping tube
Steam containing multicomponent incoagulable gas flows the experimental system of condensation heat transfer characteristics, can carry out larger wall degree of supercooling change model
Enclose, the in-tube condensation local heat transfer under differing tilt angles, different mixing gas velocity, pressure and incoagulable gas content operating mode,
Influence of the every factor of research to local condensation heat transfer characteristics, biphase gas and liquid flow type is explored to condensing heat-exchange with reference to visualization technique
The action effect of ability, condensing heat-exchange mechanism is gained more insight into this, is that the design of condenser in engineer applied is carried with operation
For technical support.
Claims (10)
1. vapor condensation heat-exchange experimental system in a kind of horizontal tube of degree of supercooling wide containing multicomponent gas, including steam supply system,
Inner air tube supply system, helium supply system, water-cooled subsystem, air cooling subsystem, steam-water separation system and data acquisition system
System, it is characterised in that：Water-cooled subsystem includes double-tube heat exchanger and cooling water system；Air cooling subsystem includes heat exchanger tube, air
Air channel and cooling air system, horizontal heat exchange tube is placed in composition air cooling experiment body, air wind in air channel in air cooling subsystem
Road bottom is connected with cooling air system, and heat exchange tube inlet is supplied with steam supply system, inner air tube supply system and helium
System is connected, so as to realize the in-tube condensation local heat transfer demand of multicomponent gas mixing；Heat exchanger tube is exported by visual observation
Section is connected with steam-water separation system, and after steam is condensed in heat exchanger tube by the cooling of pipe outside air, steam water interface enters
Steam-water separation system, the gas isolated is discharged into air from steam-water separator top duct, and lime set enters from bottom pipe
Discharged through draining valve after lime set tank；Experiment body is to be changed by the coaxially arranged sleeve pipe of heat exchanger tube and outer tube in water-cooled subsystem
Hot device, heat exchanger ring cavity space is connected with cooling water system, and heat exchange tube inlet is supplied by high-pressure hose with steam, air and helium
System is answered to be connected, heat exchanger tube outlet is connected by visualizing section and high-pressure hose with steam-water separation system, identical with air cooling system,
Steam water interface after condensing carries out being discharged after gas is separated with lime set into steam-water separation system；Lead between two systems
Cross four-way pipeline and valve group to be connected with each other with steam, air and helium supply system, can be realized by certain operation
The autonomous working of two systems and coupling operational.
2. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The steam supply system include boiler, by boiler produce saturated vapor by steam conveying pipe with
Heat exchange tube inlet main pipeline is connected, steam conveying pipe using multigroup different-diameter pipeline it is in parallel by the way of, on every group of pipeline
Steam-flow meter is set, and the flowmeter of multigroup different ranges can meet the need tested in the range of wide in range steam flow
Ask；Stop valve and temperature, pressure-measuring-point are set outside Stable Length before and after flowmeter.
3. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The inner air tube supply system includes air compressor and air accumulator；Air compressor produces a level pressure
In the compressed air injection air accumulator of power, compressed air is responsible for by the pressure-reducing valve on reservoir outlet pipeline and heat exchange tube inlet
Road is connected；Airflow pipe sets inner air tube quality stream equally using the arrangement of manifold systems on every group of pipeline
Gauge, sets flow control valve after flowmeter.
4. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The helium supply system by high-pressure gas cylinder, bus-bar and reducer unit into；Some high pressure helium gas cylinders
After metal hose and valve in parallel access bus-bar main gas tube, it is connected with heat exchange tube inlet by pressure-reducing valve；Helium is defeated
Send and set on pipeline helium gas flow meter in pipe, flow control valve is set after flowmeter.
5. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The cooling air system of the air cooling subsystem includes Roots blower, mass air flow sensor and respective tube
Road and valve；The air provided by Roots blower is connected by airflow pipe with the air channel of experiment body, in wind
Horizontal heat exchanger tube of plunderring absorbs heat in road, is finally emitted into atmospheric environment.
6. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The air channel porch of the air cooling subsystem sets the double-deck orifice plate that there are certain intervals；By cooling down
The air that air system is provided enters among air channel after double-deck orifice plate flows, it is ensured that air channel inner section wind speed is equal
It is even.
7. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The conduit of certain amount is set on the inwall of the air channel in the air cooling subsystem, correspondence number is installed
Purpose level patch pipe.
8. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The air channel on heat exchanger tube top is divided into by some dividing plates being equally spaced in the air cooling subsystem
Some separate spaces, dividing plate is made up of the relatively low material of the capacity of heat transmission；Temperature point measurement air is respectively provided with each dividing plate
Temperature.
9. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The cooling water system of the water-cooled subsystem is by cooling pond, centrifugal pump, cooling water flow meter and corresponding
Pipeline and valve constitute；Cooling water is extracted out via centrifugal pump from pond, is entered by cooling water flow regulating valve and flowmeter
Enter in experimental section ring cavity, reverse flow is formed with steam in heat exchanger tube；Come back among cooling water tank after absorbing heat.
10. vapor condensation heat-exchange experiment is in a kind of horizontal tube of the degree of supercooling wide according to claim 1 containing multicomponent gas
System, it is characterised in that：The experimental section of the water-cooled subsystem is arranged on the support platform of angle adjustable；Supported by changing
The level angle of platform, realizes the condensing heat-exchange experiment under different tilt conditions.
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| CN111220642B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Convection condensation experiment system and method in mixed working medium marangoni condensation pipe |
| CN111220642A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-02 | 西安交通大学 | Convection condensation experiment system and method in mixed working medium marangoni condensation pipe |
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| CN112415051B (en) * | 2020-11-21 | 2021-10-22 | 西安交通大学 | High-temperature heat pipe heat transfer performance and failure test experimental device |
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