CN103438931B - Wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer and measuring method - Google Patents
Wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103438931B CN103438931B CN201310373922.2A CN201310373922A CN103438931B CN 103438931 B CN103438931 B CN 103438931B CN 201310373922 A CN201310373922 A CN 201310373922A CN 103438931 B CN103438931 B CN 103438931B
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Abstract
Wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, comprises double-venturi tube, and described double-venturi tube is by connect and port diameter is identical, but throat diameter is than different input Venturi tubes with export Venturi tube composition; Described input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube are all connected with the differential pressure measurement device for measuring its throat's pressure reduction, described input Venturi tube also connects by the device for pressure measurement for measuring its pipeline pressure, preferably, described differential pressure measurement device comprises the condensing unit be connected with venturi throat pipeline, and the pressure difference transmitter be connected with condensing unit pipeline.Adopt wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention, by two Venturi tube series connection of different structure, wet steam total flow and mass dryness fraction can be calculated in real time online.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermal measurement technical field, relate to a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer and a kind of wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method.
Background technology
Wet steam is a kind of vapour phase is continuous phase, liquid phase is disperse phase and has the vehicle repair major potpourri of steady flow structure.The flow of wet steam, mass dryness fraction are the important parameters that Experiment of Thermophysics research and equipment run; Such as, the flow of wet steam, the security of operation impact of mass dryness fraction on the process heat reactor of low temperature low mass dryness fraction Natural Circulation are larger; A few grade blade of steam turbine end of nuclear power station, steam quality directly affects leaf longevity and the turbine efficiency of steam turbine; In the industry such as chemical industry, food processing, pharmacy, the quality of the flow of steam and the control of mass dryness fraction and product has important relationship; In petroleum thermal recovery, the flow of High Temperature High Pressure wet steam injected to oil reservoir and mass dryness fraction are to the economy important recovered the oil.
Because the existence of liquid phase makes vapour phase actual flow velocity increase in wet steam, two alternate energy losses increase, thus cause in flow measurement, and the result of gained, higher than actual vapour phase flow value, produces virtual height.Because wet steam flow, dryness measurement are for the application important in inhibiting in engineering, also do not have in current commercial Application to measure in real time, accuracy is high, the life-span is long, dependable performance and the wet steam surveying instrument of better economy.
Venturi tube is a kind of throttle-type flow sensor developed according to Venturi effect, is a kind of standard throttle apparatus.The sectional view of a Venturi tube as shown in Figure 3, the inlet and outlet bore that single Venturi tube comprises is identical and homogeneous, in the middle part of Venturi tube, there is a bore to be less than the throat of inlet and outlet internal diameter, throat bore d and import or export place bore D are than the diameter ratio for Venturi tube, and the pitch angle of the bore contraction place of Venturi tube is the spread angle δ of Venturi tube.When flowing through the throttling element in pipeline when it, flow velocity will form local contraction at venturi throat place, and thus flow velocity increases, and static pressure reduces, so just create pressure reduction behind joint Venturi tube larynx throat.Fluid flow is larger, and the pressure reduction of generation is larger, can weigh the size of flow like this according to pressure reduction.This measuring method is based on the continuity equation that flows (law of conservation of mass) and Bernoulli equation (law of conservation of energy).
Double-venturi tube concept of the prior art mostly is employing internal hidden type structure, and the outside Venturi tube inside that internal diameter is larger is also surrounded by the Venturi tube that an external diameter is less than outside Venturi tube internal diameter.Such as, disclose a kind of internal hidden double-venturi-tube in Chinese patent CN201020105775.2, by measuring two venturi throat pressure reduction calculated flow rates.
Summary of the invention
For measuring in real time wet steam in commercial Application, the invention provides a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer and a kind of wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method.
The invention discloses a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, comprise double-venturi tube, described double-venturi tube is made up of with the linkage section both being connected than the input Venturi tube different, port diameter is identical, output Venturi tube throat diameter; Described input Venturi tube and export Venturi tube and be all connected with differential pressure measurement device for measuring its throat's pressure reduction, described input Venturi tube or export Venturi tube or linkage section both connecting also is connected with the device for pressure measurement for measuring its pipeline pressure.
This device has different virtual height characteristics when utilizing the Venturi tube of two different structures to measure wet steam, the method establishment of Binding experiment plays fluid numerical value simulation method, obtain the virtual height equation of Venturi tube under different structure, flow and the mass dryness fraction of wet steam can be obtained by equation solution.
The first preferred implementation based on the measurement mechanism of above-mentioned basic scheme is: described differential pressure measurement device comprises the condensing unit be connected with venturi throat pipeline, and the pressure difference transmitter be connected with condensing unit pipeline.
The second preferred implementation based on the measurement mechanism of above-mentioned basic scheme is: described device for pressure measurement is the pressure unit be connected with condensing unit pipeline.
The third preferred implementation based on the second preferred implementation of measurement mechanism is: the pipeline that described pressure unit is connected with condensing unit is provided with needle-valve.Be convenient to the metering of pressure unit, replacing and maintenance.
The 4th kind of preferred implementation based on the second preferred implementation of measurement mechanism is: the input end of described pressure difference transmitter is also provided with three valve groups.Be convenient to zeroing and the maintenance of pressure difference transmitter.
The 5th kind of preferred implementation based on the second preferred implementation of measurement mechanism is: the pipeline of connection pressure difference transmitter and condensing unit is also connected with blowoff valve.When Fouling Cleaning, by blowoff valve, sewage can be discharged from pipeline.
The 6th kind of preferred implementation based on the measurement mechanism of above-mentioned basic scheme is: described differential pressure measurement device is all connected with data processing module with device for pressure measurement.Computing method this module be can be inputted, the quick result of calculation of computing machine and On-line sampling system realized.
The invention also discloses a kind of wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method, adopt steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as previously mentioned, comprise the steps:
Step 1. is measured input Venturi tube and is exported the virtual height equation coefficient of Venturi tube
with
;
Wet steam to be measured is passed into input Venturi tube by step 2., measures throat's pressure reduction of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
,
and the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube; The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
with the density of saturation water
; According to
,
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
;
And according to
calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
with
; Wherein
for the throat section area of Venturi tube;
1. step 3. utilizes system of equations
Solve and draw steam flow to be measured
with mass dryness fraction x.
Concrete, described step 1 is specially:
Step 101. is by a certain amount of single-phase water by heating generating steam, and steam passes into input Venturi tube, measurement single-phase water
Flow
, the mass dryness fraction x in double-venturi tube inlet or exit;
Measure throat's pressure reduction of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
,
and the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube; The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
with the density of saturation water
; According to
,
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
;
And according to
calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
with
; Wherein
for the throat section area of Venturi tube.
1. step 102. utilizes system of equations
Solve the virtual height equation coefficient drawing input Venturi tube and export Venturi tube
with
.
Concrete, the described density drawing steam in double-venturi tube according to pipeline pressure P
with the density of saturation water
for drawing according to IAPWS-IF97 criterion calculation.
Concrete, the Interception coefficien of described Venturi tube
computing method be:
Step 201. basis
calculate pressure ratio
, calculate isentropic index according to IAPWS-IF97 standard and pipeline pressure P
;
Step 202. basis
, calculate inflatable coefficient
;
Step 203. basis
, calculate Interception coefficien
;
β in described step 202 and step 203 is the diameter ratio of Venturi tube
Adopt wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention, by two Venturi tube series connection of different structure, wet steam total flow and mass dryness fraction can be calculated in real time online.
Wet steam flow of the present invention-mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, by adopting high-precision pressure and pressure difference transmitter and high precision collecting module, the wet steam total flow obtained by model modification method and mass dryness fraction, measuring error is lower than 10%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of double-venturi tube of the present invention;
Fig. 3 illustrates the parameter meaning schematic diagram of traditional Venturi tube;
Fig. 4 illustrates that the present invention carries out a kind of embodiment schematic diagram of subsequent treatment to data measured;
In each figure, Reference numeral name is called: 1. double-venturi tube 2. condensing unit 3. pressure difference transmitter 4. pressure unit 5. blowoff valve 6. needle-valve 7. 3 valve group 11. inputs Venturi tube 12. linkage section 13. and exports Venturi tube 14. and input venturi throat 15. and export venturi throat 16. and input Venturi tube differential pressure measurement district 17. and export Venturi tube differential pressure measurement district.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention discloses a kind of wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, comprises double-venturi tube 1, and described double-venturi tube is made up of with the linkage section both being connected than the input Venturi tube different, port diameter is identical, output Venturi tube throat diameter.Adopt diameter than the series connection of different double-venturi tubes for measuring dryness of wet steam and flow, flow through the steam flow of double-venturi tube, pressure and mass dryness fraction equal in theory everywhere, make once can to measure two different venturi throat pressure reduction, build two different virtual height characteristic equations, be convenient to combine solve and draw dryness of wet steam and flow.
Described input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube are all connected with the differential pressure measurement device for measuring its throat's pressure reduction, also comprise the device for pressure measurement for measuring its pipeline pressure.Device for pressure measurement can be arranged on input Venturi tube, linkage section or export in Venturi tube.
Tested wet steam flow is when double-venturi tube, flow velocity will form the contraction of local in input Venturi tube and output venturi throat, thus flow velocity increases, static pressure reduces, so just create differential pressure before and after venturi throat, in wet steam, liquid phase is discrete in vapour phase, the difference of relative velocity in flow process, result in alternate energy loss, be finally reflected in the differential pressure before and after venturi throat, cause the virtual height of measured value.And the venturi tube structure of series connection has regular impact to virtual height, different Venturi tubes has different virtual height equations.
Wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention by two throat diameters than different Venturi tubes as one-shot measurement element, differential pressure measurement device and device for pressure measurement measure throat's pressure reduction of two Venturi tubes and the pipeline pressure of input Venturi tube, by calculating, wet steam flow to be measured and dryness of wet steam can be obtained.Differential pressure measurement device is arranged on the input Venturi tube differential pressure measurement district 16 of input venturi throat 14 respectively and exports the output Venturi tube differential pressure measurement district 17 of venturi throat 15.
Computing machine can be utilized to complete the process of measurement data, preferably, wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention also comprises the data processing module be connected with differential pressure measurement device and device for pressure measurement, and described data processing module has various implementation in this area.Fig. 4 provides the workflow of a kind of embodiment of data processing module of the present invention, distribution conversion is carried out after recording input venturi throat pressure differential deltap P1, export venturi throat pressure differential deltap P2 and inputting Venturi tube pipeline pressure P, distribution converter provides 24V.DC power supply to transmitter, and is that 4 ~ 20mA.DC signal is to collecting unit 4 ~ 20mA.DC signal isolated variable that transmitter produces.The data such as the wet steam total flow, integrated flow and the dryness of wet steam that obtain after collecting unit, processing unit and display unit, and display is on the display unit.
A kind of embodiment of above-mentioned differential pressure measurement device be from venturi throat introduction pipe to steam sampling, pipeline is provided with condensing unit, such as drainer.Steam is by after condensation, then the pressure difference transmitter that feeding is connected with condensing unit pipeline is measured.The described device for pressure measurement be connected with input Venturi tube is preferably pressure unit, measures the pressure of input Venturi tube.Pressure unit is that one accepts pressure variations, after sensing and transducing, pressure variety is converted to by a certain percentage the instrument of standard output signals.Pressure difference transmitter, for measuring the liquid level of liquid, gas and steam, density and pressure, is then converted into curtage signal and exports.
Blowoff valve 5 can be installed in condensing unit and pressure difference transmitter junction, and after measurement mechanism long-play, condensing unit and pipe interior may have dirt deposition, when Fouling Cleaning, by blowoff valve 5, sewage is discharged from pipeline.A needle-valve 6 preferably installed by the pipeline that pressure unit 4 is connected with condensing unit, be convenient to the metering of pressure unit, replacing and maintenance, the valve can also installed in each pressure difference transmitter 3 front end in the middle of three valve group 7, three valve groups is equalizing valve, and other two is pipe break valve.Close the valve of both sides when transmitter needs to measure, when transmitter is installed, open equalizing valve, regulate transmitter to zero-bit.
After the virtual height performance data of acquisition two Venturi tubes under DIFFERENT WET steam operating mode, experimentally data set up digital simulation method, obtained the virtual height performance data under different pressures, flow and mass dryness fraction again by method for numerical simulation, obtain the virtual height equation of two Venturi tubes.
According to J.W.Murdock formula, in conjunction with the single-phase flow rate calculation formula to Venturi tube, the virtual height equation of input venturi is:
（1）
The virtual height equation exporting Venturi tube is:
（2）
Wherein:
（3）
The physical meaning of parameters is:
the virtual height vapour phase flow of-measurement, units/kg/s;
-Lockhart-Martinelli parameter, during X<0.3, two-phase flow is defined as wet steam;
,
-two Venturi tube virtual height equation coefficients;
,
the coefficient that dams of-two Venturi tubes;
,
the throat section area of-two Venturi tubes, unit is m
2;
,
throat's pressure reduction that-wet steam flow produces when two Venturi tubes, unit is Pascal;
,
-equivalent liquid, vapour phase flow through separately the differential pressure of Venturi tube, and unit is Pascal;
,
the mass rate of-liquid, vapour phase, unit is kg/s;
,
the density of-liquid, vapour phase, unit is kg/m
3;
-mass dryness fraction.
The corresponding parameter of 1 representative input Venturi tube in parameters subscript, 2 representatives export the corresponding parameter of Venturi tube
So the mass rate of dry steam can be expressed as:
（4）
By transformation equation (4), Lockhart-Martinelli parameter X can be drawn:
（5）
Equation (5) is substituted into equation (2), the mass rate of dry steam can be drawn:
（6）
According to equation (3), in conjunction with equation (5) and equation (6), the mass rate of the water in wet steam can be drawn:
（7）
In conjunction with equation (6) and equation (7), total flow and the mass dryness fraction of wet steam can be drawn:
（8）
（9）
1. above-mentioned (8)-(9) formula simultaneous forms system of equations, can be measured throat's pressure reduction of input Venturi tube by two differential pressure measurement devices
with the throat's pressure reduction exporting Venturi tube
; Manifold pressure P can be measured by device for pressure measurement.By IAPWS-IF97 standard, the liquid and vapor capacity density of saturation water and pressure are all single-valued functions, therefore can be calculated the density of steam by pressure P
with the density of saturation water
, the area of two venturi throat
can be measured by internal diameter measuring instrument when designing;
The coefficient that dams of Venturi tube:
（10）
Dissimilar Venturi tube has different efflux coefficient C, wherein, according to GB/T2624.4-2006 regulation, for the classical venturi tube of machining contraction section, and efflux coefficient C=0.995, inflatable coefficient
, β is diameter ratio.Inflatable coefficient calculations formula is:
（11）
In formula:
for isentropic index, can be calculated by IAPWS-IF97 standard.
for pressure ratio, calculating formula is:
（12）
According to description taken in conjunction equation (13) above, the virtual height flow of two venturi can be calculated
with
.
（13）
In various
with
, data and numerical simulation can draw by experiment.A kind of concrete metering system is:
By a certain amount of single-phase water by heating generating steam, steam passes into input Venturi tube, measures the flow of single-phase water
, the mass dryness fraction x in double-venturi tube inlet or exit.
Measure throat's pressure reduction of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
,
and the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube; The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
with the density of saturation water
; Draw according to equation (10)-(12) and measurement
,
, P and Venturi tube correlation parameter calculate the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
;
And according to
calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
with
; Wherein
for the throat section area of Venturi tube.
Utilize system of equations 1.
Solve the virtual height equation coefficient drawing input Venturi tube and export Venturi tube
with
.
Above-mentioned computation process can be write software in advance and is stored in aforesaid data processing module, calls software program and complete computing during measurement.
Double-venturi tube of the present invention by connect and the identical but throat diameter of port diameter than different input Venturi tubes with export Venturi tube and form.Adopt diameter than the series connection of different double-venturi tubes for measuring dryness of wet steam and flow, flow through the steam flow of double-venturi tube, pressure and mass dryness fraction equal in theory everywhere, make once can to measure two different venturi throat pressure reduction, build two different virtual height characteristic equations, be convenient to combine solve and draw dryness of wet steam and flow.
At use wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention, 0.7 and 0.4 is got than respectively at the diameter of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube, spread angle gets 15 degree and 12 degree respectively, when linkage section length is 10 times of linkage section diameters, measure various flow and temperature, and during the different wet steam of gas phase liquid phase component, error controls usually within 5%, is no more than 10%.
Wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer of the present invention has different virtual height characteristics when utilizing the Venturi tube of two different structures to measure wet steam, the method establishment of Binding experiment plays fluid numerical value simulation method, obtain the virtual height equation of Venturi tube under different structure, obtained flow and the mass dryness fraction of wet steam by equation solution.This device movement-less part, without the need to replacing parts, radiationless, have the features such as structure is simple, strong adaptability, this device can carry out wet steam flow and dryness measurement online, and the wet steam flow be applicable under different occasion and dryness measurement.
Previously described is each preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferred implementation in each preferred embodiment is if not obviously contradictory or premised on a certain preferred implementation, each preferred implementation can stack combinations use arbitrarily, design parameter in described embodiment and embodiment is only the invention proof procedure in order to clear statement inventor, and be not used to limit scope of patent protection of the present invention, scope of patent protection of the present invention is still as the criterion with its claims, the equivalent structure change that every utilization instructions of the present invention and accompanying drawing content are done, in like manner all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer, is characterized in that, comprises double-venturi tube, and described double-venturi tube is made up of with the linkage section both being connected than the input Venturi tube different, port diameter is identical, output Venturi tube throat diameter;
Described input Venturi tube and export Venturi tube and be all connected with differential pressure measurement device for measuring its throat's pressure reduction, described input Venturi tube or export device for pressure measurement Venturi tube or linkage section be also connected with for measuring its pipeline pressure.
2. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described differential pressure measurement device comprises the condensing unit (2) be connected with venturi throat pipeline, and the pressure difference transmitter (3) be connected with condensing unit pipeline.
3. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described device for pressure measurement is the pressure unit (4) be connected with condensing unit (2) pipeline.
4. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the pipeline that described pressure unit (3) is connected with condensing unit (2) is provided with needle-valve (6).
5. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the input end of described pressure difference transmitter (3) is also provided with three valve groups (7).
6. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the pipeline connecting pressure difference transmitter (3) and condensing unit (2) is also connected with blowoff valve (5).
7. wet steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as described in claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that: also comprise data processing module, and described differential pressure measurement device is all connected with data processing module with device for pressure measurement.
8. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method, is characterized in that, adopts steam flow mass dryness fraction integrated measurer as claimed in claim 6, comprises the steps:
Step 1. is measured input Venturi tube and is exported the virtual height equation coefficient of Venturi tube
with
;
Wet steam to be measured is passed into input Venturi tube by step 2., measures throat's pressure reduction of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
,
and the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube; The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
with the density of saturation water
; According to
,
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
;
And according to
calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
with
; Wherein
for the throat section area of Venturi tube;
1. step 3. utilizes system of equations
Solve and draw steam flow to be measured
with mass dryness fraction x.
9. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described step 1 is specially:
Step 101. is by a certain amount of single-phase water by heating generating steam, and steam passes into input Venturi tube, measures the flow of single-phase water
, the mass dryness fraction x in double-venturi tube inlet or exit;
Measure throat's pressure reduction of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
,
and the pipeline pressure P of double-venturi tube; The density of steam in double-venturi tube is drawn according to pipeline pressure P
with the density of saturation water
; According to
,
, P and Venturi tube property calculation go out the Interception coefficien of Venturi tube
;
And according to
calculate the virtual height vapour phase flow of input Venturi tube and output Venturi tube
with
; Wherein
the throat section area of Venturi tube;
1. step 102. utilizes system of equations
Solve the virtual height equation coefficient drawing input Venturi tube and export Venturi tube
with
.
10. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the described density drawing steam in double-venturi tube according to pipeline pressure P
with the density of saturation water
for drawing according to IAPWS-IF97 criterion calculation.
11. wet steam flow dryness factor measurement methods as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the Interception coefficien of described Venturi tube
computing method be:
Step 201. basis
calculate pressure ratio
, calculate isentropic index according to IAPWS-IF97 standard and pipeline pressure P
;
Step 202. basis
, calculate inflatable coefficient
;
Step 203. basis
, calculate Interception coefficien
;
β in described step 202 and step 203 is the diameter ratio of Venturi tube.
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| CN105091956A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-11-25 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Engine air intake flow measuring device and engine system |
| CN105675070A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-06-15 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Irregular Venturi flowmeter and method for measuring gas-liquid phase flow in multiphase flow by utilization of irregular Venturi flowmeter |
| CN106768117B (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-09-20 | 天津大学 | A kind of dryness of wet steam flow double parameter measuring method |
| CN107389747B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2020-12-29 | 东北石油大学 | Gas-liquid two-phase dryness measuring system |
| CN107265563A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-10-20 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of tandem Venturi tube cavitation apparatus |
| CN107843308A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-27 | 无锡洋湃科技有限公司 | A kind of flux of moisture measurement apparatus based on exemption level radioactive source |
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