CN105675070A - Irregular Venturi flowmeter and method for measuring gas-liquid phase flow in multiphase flow by utilization of irregular Venturi flowmeter - Google Patents
Irregular Venturi flowmeter and method for measuring gas-liquid phase flow in multiphase flow by utilization of irregular Venturi flowmeter Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
- G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
- G01F1/44—Venturi tubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
- G01F1/88—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow
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Abstract
The invention discloses an irregular Venturi flowmeter, comprising a Venturi tube and at least three pressure probes, wherein the Venturi tube is composed of a front straight tube section, a contraction section, a throat section, an expansion section and a rear straight tube section; all the sections are connected in sequence; the inner diameter of each of the front straight tube section and the rear straight tube section is D; the inner diameter of the throat section is d; each of the contraction section and the expansion section is conical; the structural parameters of the Venturi tube are as follows: beta=d/D=0.45 to 0.75, the length of the throat section is 2d to 8d, the conical degree of the contraction section is 10.5 degrees, and the conical degree of the expansion section is 7.5 degrees. The invention further relates to a method for measuring gas phase flow and liquid phase flow in moisture by utilization of the irregular Venturi flowmeter. The irregular Venturi flowmeter is especially suitable for measuring downhole moisture flow, and is especially used for monitoring the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow in an underground connected well connecting a main gas reservoir with a related gas reservoir in the process of manual migration and development of related oil-gas reservoirs in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dampness measuring equipment and metering method field, especially a kind of special-shaped Venturi meter and measure the method for liquid phase flow in multiphase flow with it.
Background technology
Some basic concepts related in multiphase flow metering field are as follows: " total mass flow rate " refers to the gas phase of flow measuring section pipeline section in the unit interval and the quality sum of liquid phase. " gas mass flow " refers to the quality of the gas phase flowing through measuring section pipeline section in the unit interval. " liquid mass flow " refers to the quality of the liquid phase flowing through measuring section pipeline section in the unit interval. " Slip Ratio " refers to the ratio of the speed of gaseous fluid and the fluid velocity of liquid phase, represents with S. " front differential pressure " refers to the pressure differential between the straight length pressure point of venturi throat upstream and throat's pressure point. " rear differential pressure " refers to the pressure differential between the straight length pressure point in venturi throat downstream and throat's pressure point. " mass dryness fraction " refers to the mass flow of gas phase in dampness and the ratio of gas-liquid total mass flow rate. " quality liquid holdup " refers to that liquid phase quality flow accounts for the percentage ratio of total mass flow rate, numerically with mass dryness fraction and be 1.
Venturi meter is a most conventional class fluid flow metering equipment, and it utilizes the pressure reduction (i.e. so-called Venturi effect) at Venturi tube upstream and venturi throat place to measure fluid flow, but conventional Venturi meter can only measure fluid total flow. In gas exploitation course, comprise the dampness that air-liquid is biphase often from the natural gas of underground extraction, for production management, it is necessary to the respective flow of gas-liquid two-phase is accurately measured. Therefore, traditional Venturi meter can not complete the effect of on-line measurement dampness gas-liquid two-phase each flow.
A kind of solution is to use phase fraction meter to use with tradition Venturi meter combination, measures gas-liquid two-phase total flow by tradition Venturi meter, by phase fraction meter on-line measurement gas-liquid phase fraction, then calculates the respective flow of gas-liquid two-phase.Such phase fraction meter such as gamma ray phase fraction meter, but use phase fraction meter to introduce radioactive source, this is had a misgiving by oil producer. Additionally, use phase fraction meter can increase the volume of flow metering devices, under some harshness, harsh measurement conditions, for instance when underground survey, needing to be arranged on by effusion meter in the subterranean well bore that space is very limited, the excessive effusion meter of volume will be unable to be deep in subterranean well bore.
The way of a kind of improvement measures former and later two differential pressure value of Venturi tube simultaneously, and the theoretical model based on following supposition calculates, namely before and after supposing, differential pressure is only with 2 relating to parameters, and these 2 parameters reflect gas mass flow and the mass dryness fraction (mass gas content rate) of fluid respectively. The relation of differential pressure and these 2 parameters before and after data fitting by experiment, and simultaneous solution, the gas-liquid mass flow under the measuring condition that can ask. But it is true that the factor of differential pressure is a lot of before and after impact, above-mentioned supposition differs more with truth, cause measurement result accuracy very low, the most important thing is that the universality of this method is poor, when hole condition and medium character change, certainty of measurement can be had a greatly reduced quality.
Prior art is thought, the front differential pressure of Venturi tube and the value of rear differential pressure are simultaneously by the impact of fluid properties, working condition and Venturi tube structure three broad aspect. Currently used double difference pressure venturi measures the method for dampness two phase flow mainly two kinds. A kind of method thinks that the only mass flow with liquid phase of the size of differential pressure before and after venturi (is embodied in gas phase mass flow and mass dryness fraction, liquid phase quality flow and mass dryness fraction, or total mass flow rate combines with the parameter of mass dryness fraction) and throat pressure relevant, and front and back differential pressure to these parameters combine (such as gas phase mass flow, mass dryness fraction, force combination; Liquid phase quality flow, mass dryness fraction, throat pressure combine; Total mass flow rate, mass dryness fraction, throat pressure combine) reflection different. By the functional relationship of differential pressure before and after matching with above-mentioned parameter combination, Simultaneous Equations solves the mass flow that can obtain liquid phase. Another kind of method is thought when dampness flows through venturi, owing to liquid phase introduces so that venturi contraction section differential pressure is higher than the differential pressure of the out-of-date generation of pure dry gas stream, thus causing over-evaluating of gas phase, namely so-called " virtual height ". Set up certain " virtual height " model by front and back differential pressure, adopt the method for iterative to obtain gas-liquid mass flow. It should be noted that the expression formula of this " virtual height " model also by experiment room data fitting obtain. Owing to fluid properties and the working condition of different gas wells are all different, adopt the expression formula universality that laboratory data approximating method obtains very poor, if but adopt field medium and field working conditions to carry out matching, it is subject to again field condition restriction (without reference standard) and almost cannot realize. Therefore there is bigger problem in both approaches in universality.
Therefore, it is desirable to develop and do not use the phase fraction meter also can the equipment of gas-liquid two-phase each flow in on-line measurement multiphase flow, and more small and exquisite more good, it is simple to the down-hole very limited in such as space uses, and wishes that computational methods are to calculate gas-liquid two-phase flow more accurately.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of simple in construction, volume special-shaped Venturi meter little, that use suitable in down-hole.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of special-shaped Venturi meter, including Venturi tube and pressure monitor, it is characterized in that: described Venturi tube is made up of the front straight length being sequentially connected, contraction section, throat section, expansion segment and rear straight length, the internal diameter of front straight length and rear straight length is D, the internal diameter of throat section is d, contraction section and expansion end are all tapered, structural parameters β=the d/D=0.45-0.75 of Venturi tube, throat section length is 2d-8d, contraction section tapering is 10.5 °, and expansion segment tapering is 7.5 °.
Further, described pressure monitor is at least 3 pressure probes or at least 2 differential pressure pickups.
Concrete, described pressure monitor can be 3 pressure probes, respectively the first pressure probe, the second pressure probe and the 3rd pressure probe, first pressure probe is placed on front straight length distance contraction section entrance 1D distance, outlet 1d distance that second pressure probe is placed on throat section distance contraction section, outlet 6D distance that 3rd pressure probe is placed on rear straight length distance expansion segment, wherein the pressure reduction between the first pressure probe and the second pressure probe is front differential pressure Δ P1, and the differential pressure between the second pressure probe and the 3rd pressure probe is rear differential pressure Δ P2.
Described pressure monitor can also be 2 differential pressure pickups, respectively the first differential pressure pickup and the second differential pressure pickup, first differential pressure pickup is for measuring distance contraction section entrance 1D distance and the pressure reduction of distance contraction section outlet 1d distance on throat section on front straight length, for front differential pressure Δ P1, second differential pressure pickup is for measuring distance contraction section outlet 1d distance and the pressure reduction of distance expansion segment outlet 6D distance on rear straight length on throat section, for rear differential pressure Δ P2.
Further, described special-shaped Venturi meter also comprises temperature probe, and this temperature probe is used for measuring medium temperature.
The present invention also provides for a kind of measuring the method for gas phase mass flow and liquid phase quality flow in multiphase flow, and it uses the special-shaped Venturi meter of said structure, and calculates gas phase mass flow Q according to below equationgWith total mass flow rate Qm:
Wherein,It is front differential pressure value and rear differential pressure value respectively; D is front straight length diameter, and β is the ratio of throat section diameter d and front straight length diameter D, i.e. β=d/D;For thermal coefficient of expansion;Respectively density of gas phase and density of liquid phase under operating mode, is converted under operating mode by the respective mark condition density value of gas phase and liquid phase through PVT and obtains, and uses as constant;The respectively efflux coefficient of contraction section and expansion segment, the method demarcated by experiment is to obtain its expression formula about reynolds number Re, and in above-mentioned equation group, unknown number only has four, is gas phase mass flow respectively, total mass flow rate, operating mode mixes density, mass dryness fraction x, above simultaneous solution, the equation group of four equation compositions can obtain gas phase mass flow QgWith total mass flow rate Qm, and then obtain liquid phase quality flow Ql=Qm-Qg。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: simple in construction, change the upstream and downstream symmetrical structure design of conventional venturi, adopt the Venturi tube of said structure, can so that rear differential pressure change with the change of quality liquid holdup, give and measure and model bringing great convenience property of calculating, also substantially increase accuracy of measurement.
Concrete advantage is as follows: a. is without using phase fraction meter, and only choosing by the front and back differential pressure pressure measurement points of the venturi tube structure of unique design and unique design, with regard to the energy respective flow of On-line sampling system gas-liquid two-phase fluid. B. volume is very small and exquisite, is suitable in the narrow space of such as down-hole and uses. C. flow algorithms is unique and simple. D. due in model without fitting formula, substantially increase the universality of model.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the special-shaped Venturi meter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the front and back differential pressure that records of special-shaped Venturi meter using the present invention variation diagram with mass dryness fraction.
Fig. 3 be the special-shaped Venturi meter of the present invention measure under different mass dryness fraction and gas with various mass flow dampness time the graph of a relation of rear differential pressure and mass dryness fraction.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, one abnormal shape Venturi meter of the present invention, including Venturi tube and pressure monitor, wherein, Venturi tube is made up of the front straight length 1 being sequentially connected, contraction section 2, throat section 3, expansion segment 4 and rear straight length 5, the internal diameter of front straight length 1 and rear straight length 5 is D, the internal diameter of throat section 3 is d, contraction section 2 and expansion end 4 are all tapered, structural parameters β=the d/D=0.45-0.75 of Venturi tube, throat section 3 length is 2d-8d, and contraction section 2 tapering is 10.5 °, and expansion segment 4 tapering is 7.5 °.
Further, above-mentioned pressure monitor is at least 3 pressure probes or 2 differential pressure pickups. the present embodiment Fig. 1 show the scheme that pressure monitor is 3 pressure probes, 3 pressure probe respectively the first pressure probe P1, second pressure probe P2 and the three pressure probe P3, first pressure probe is placed on front straight length distance contraction section entrance 1D distance, outlet 1d distance that second pressure probe is placed on throat section distance contraction section, outlet 6D distance that 3rd pressure probe is placed on rear straight length distance expansion segment, wherein the pressure reduction between the first pressure probe and the second pressure probe is front differential pressure Δ P1, differential pressure between second pressure probe and the 3rd pressure probe is rear differential pressure Δ P2.
Certainly, above-mentioned pressure monitor can also be the scheme of 2 differential pressure pickups, 2 differential pressure pickup respectively the first differential pressure pickups and the second differential pressure pickup, first differential pressure pickup is for measuring distance contraction section entrance 1D distance and the pressure reduction of distance contraction section outlet 1d distance on throat section on front straight length, for front differential pressure Δ P1, second differential pressure pickup is for measuring distance contraction section outlet 1d distance and the pressure reduction of distance expansion segment outlet 6D distance on rear straight length on throat section, for rear differential pressure Δ P2.
Further, described special-shaped Venturi meter also comprises temperature probe, and this temperature probe is used for measuring medium temperature,
The present invention also provides for a kind of measuring the method for gas phase mass flow and liquid phase quality flow in multiphase flow, and it uses the special-shaped Venturi meter of said structure, and calculates gas phase mass flow Q according to below equationgWith total mass flow rate Qm:
Wherein,It is front differential pressure value and rear differential pressure value respectively; D is front straight length diameter, and β is the ratio of throat section diameter d and front straight length diameter D, i.e. β=d/D;For thermal coefficient of expansion;Respectively density of gas phase and density of liquid phase under operating mode, is converted under operating mode by the respective mark condition density value of gas phase and liquid phase through PVT and obtains, and uses as constant;The respectively efflux coefficient of contraction section and expansion segment, the method demarcated by experiment is to obtain its expression formula about reynolds number Re, and in above-mentioned equation group, unknown number only has four, is gas phase mass flow respectively, total mass flow rate, operating mode mixes density, mass dryness fraction x, above simultaneous solution, the equation group of four equation compositions can obtain gas phase mass flow QgWith total mass flow rate Qm, and then obtain liquid phase quality flow Ql=Qm-Qg。
The data irregular venturi tube that how to utilize the present invention measured by are described in detail below and carry out flow rate calculation.
First, carrying out the demarcation of this abnormal shape Venturi meter, to calibrate efflux coefficient C1 and the C2 of contraction section and expansion segment, concrete scaling method is to use standard loop data (known gas phase mass flow Qg, liquid phase quality flow Ql, mass dryness fraction x, the parameter such as medium character), in conjunction with the front and back differential pressure value Δ P1 and Δ P2 measured by the special-shaped Venturi meter of the present invention, and other basic data D, β, ρgAnd ρl, substitute into calculating in above-mentioned equation group and obtain C1 and C2 value, use the method matching of linear regression or nonlinear regression to obtain C1, C2 expression formula about reynolds number Re in conjunction with the calculated Reynolds number of standard loop wire.After demarcation, computation model has considered ambient condition and duty parameter by calculating efflux coefficient C1 and the C2. of contraction section and expansion segment in real time according to real medium condition (viscosity) and working condition (such as velocity of medium, venturi size) due to matching herein so that fitting formula has very high universality. The adaptability of different well ' s conditions has been obtained on-the-spot checking for many years by this method.
Then, it is possible to use this abnormal shape Venturi meter to measure. The data directly given in measurement are fluid temperature (F.T.) T, pressure P, front and back differential pressure value Δ P1 and Δ P2, and the gas-liquid operating mode density p under measuring conditiongAnd ρlCan be obtained through PVT conversion by respective mark condition density value. Above-mentioned known quantity and D, each parameter of β, ε and C1 and C2 being substituted in equation group as described in respect of the second aspect of the invention, simultaneous solution can obtain four unknown quantity gas phase flow rate Qg, total flow Qm, mass dryness fraction x and hybrid density ρm, then liquid phase flow Ql=Qm-Qg, solution procedure simple and fast.
The certainty of measurement of the irregular venturi tube of the present invention is described below by one group of data.
According to described method, carry out CFD simulation with the medium of gas field in South China Sea and working condition. Simulated input condition is as follows:
The front inside diameter of straight pipe section D=63mm of the Venturi tube used in experiment, venturi throat diameter 35mm, contraction section tapering 10.5 degree, rear angle 7.5 degree, pressure point is 1D place before venturi contraction section respectively, 1d place of throat, and 6D place after the outlet of venturi expansion segment.
1. gridding: for calculate accuracy, be divided into about 8,150,000 grid.
2. calculating and setting condition: air tightness: 176.7kg/m3; Liquid-tight degree: 921.8kg/m3; Gas viscosity: 0.0244cP; Liquid viscosity: 3.9202cP; Outlet pressure arranges 20Mpa; Material calculation 1000 step.
Analog matrix (contrived experiment point)
Experimental result
Note: in upper table, mass dryness fraction (GMF) is differential pressure when being pure dry gas of 1.
In reality is tested, the rear differential pressure that effusion meter records is that wet gas current is out-of-date, and it is the amount of pure dry gas that the amount of the dampness this differential pressure calculated is approximately considered. According to before, under specific Venturi tube structure, the liquid measure in dampness is limited on the impact of rear differential pressure, and it is that pure dry gas flows through the differential pressure of generation during venturi that this differential pressure can be approximately considered. In order to assess the precision of this approximate calculation, carry out analog data analyzing as follows:
According to venturi computing formula, the square root flowing through the differential pressure that the flow of the medium of venturi produces to venturi is directly proportional, and thus can be measured the impact produced by tolerance for this approximate calculation of coarse analysis. Its error can represent with following formula:
In formulaFor rear differential pressure,The rear differential pressure produced when flowing through venturi for pure dry gas. Analog data is calculated according to above formula, obtains range of error as shown in the table:
Visible from the data above, under the special-shaped Venturi meter of the ad hoc structure of the present invention, really can accomplish that rear differential pressure is substantially unrelated with quality liquid holdup, thus can calculate gas phase and the respective mass flow of liquid phase with algorithm of the present invention.
Finally should be noted that; above content is only in order to illustrate technical scheme; but not limiting the scope of the invention; simple modification that technical scheme is carried out by those of ordinary skill in the art or equivalent replace, all without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a special-shaped Venturi meter, including Venturi tube and pressure monitor, it is characterized in that: described Venturi tube is made up of the front straight length being sequentially connected, contraction section, throat section, expansion segment and rear straight length, the internal diameter of front straight length and rear straight length is D, the internal diameter of throat section is d, contraction section and expansion end are all tapered, and the structural parameters β=d/D=0.45-0.75 of Venturi tube, throat section length is 2d-8d.
2. special-shaped Venturi meter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described contraction section tapering 10.5 °, expansion segment tapering 7.5 °.
3. special-shaped Venturi meter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described pressure monitor is at least 3 pressure probes or at least 2 differential pressure pickups.
4. special-shaped Venturi meter according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described pressure monitor is 3 pressure probes, respectively the first pressure probe, second pressure probe and the 3rd pressure probe, first pressure probe is placed on front straight length distance contraction section entrance 1D distance, outlet 1d distance that second pressure probe is placed on throat section distance contraction section, outlet 6D distance that 3rd pressure probe is placed on rear straight length distance expansion segment, wherein the pressure reduction between the first pressure probe and the second pressure probe is front differential pressure Δ P1, differential pressure between second pressure probe and the 3rd pressure probe is rear differential pressure Δ P2.
5. special-shaped Venturi meter according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described pressure monitor is 2 differential pressure pickups, respectively the first differential pressure pickup and the second differential pressure pickup, first differential pressure pickup is for measuring distance contraction section entrance 1D distance and the pressure reduction of distance contraction section outlet 1d distance on throat section on front straight length, for front differential pressure Δ P1, second differential pressure pickup is for measuring distance contraction section outlet 1d distance and the pressure reduction of distance expansion segment outlet 6D distance on rear straight length on throat section, for rear differential pressure Δ P2.
6. the special-shaped Venturi meter according to claim 1-5 any one claim, it is characterised in that: described special-shaped Venturi meter also comprises temperature probe, and this temperature probe is used for measuring medium temperature.
7. measuring a method for gas phase mass flow and liquid phase quality flow in multiphase flow, it uses the special-shaped Venturi meter as described in claim 4 or 5, and calculates gas phase mass flow Q according to below equationgWith total mass flow rate Qm:
Wherein,It is front differential pressure value and rear differential pressure value respectively; D is front straight length diameter, and β is the ratio of throat section diameter d and front straight length diameter D, i.e. β=d/D;For thermal coefficient of expansion;Respectively density of gas phase and density of liquid phase under operating mode, is converted under operating mode by the respective mark condition density value of gas phase and liquid phase through PVT and obtains, and uses as constant;The respectively efflux coefficient of contraction section and expansion segment, the method demarcated by experiment is to obtain its expression formula about reynolds number Re, and in above-mentioned equation group, unknown number only has four, is gas phase mass flow respectively, total mass flow rate, operating mode mixes density, mass dryness fraction x, above simultaneous solution, the equation group of four equation compositions can obtain gas phase mass flow QgWith total mass flow rate Qm, and then obtain liquid phase quality flow Ql=Qm-Qg。
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