CN106916363B - 一种隔音材料组合物和车用隔音片材 - Google Patents

一种隔音材料组合物和车用隔音片材 Download PDF

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CN106916363B
CN106916363B CN201510991599.4A CN201510991599A CN106916363B CN 106916363 B CN106916363 B CN 106916363B CN 201510991599 A CN201510991599 A CN 201510991599A CN 106916363 B CN106916363 B CN 106916363B
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sound insulation
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林信平
张敏
孙亚轩
周明双
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BYD Co Ltd
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Abstract

本申请提出了一种隔音材料组合物和车用隔音片材，所述隔音材料组合物包括50‑300重量份的EVA、10‑300重量份的云母粉、10‑300重量份的白云石、10‑50重量份的热塑性树脂、10‑100重量份的增韧剂、3‑60重量份的相容剂、30‑300重量份的阻燃剂、10‑80重量份的增塑剂、100‑500重量份的硫酸钡；本申请进一步提出了一种车用隔音片材；本申请通过在隔音基材中一定重量配比的片状的云母粉和块状的白云石，能够改善隔音材料组合物的加工性能，提高车用隔音片材的吸振、隔音效果。

Description

一种隔音材料组合物和车用隔音片材
技术领域
本发明属于汽车零部件领域，尤其涉及一种隔音材料组合物和车用隔音片材。
背景技术
目前由于化石能源资源有限及汽车尾气带来的环境问题，从而电动车及混动车型将成为新的发展方向。因此，电动车所用的电机及电控等发声部件部件对整车NVH性能的提升提出了更高的要求。特别是高频部分噪声较为突出，因此对降噪材料也提出了较高的要求。
现有技术中，车用隔音片材普遍采用PVC、EVA类树脂作为基材，通过加入单一片状的填料和普通无机填料混合制备车用隔音片材，该类材料隔音效果不能满足目前电动车产生的低频或超高频噪声对隔音材料的要求。现有主要通过在声音的传播途径中阻碍声能的传播以达到降低噪音的效果。
发明内容
本申请主要通过在隔音基材EVA中同时添加片状的云母粉和块状的白云石，以增加隔音材料的损耗因子，限制隔音材料内部分子的运动，增加隔音材料内部应变、应力的相对滞后性，同时，该种方案还能同时增加隔音材料内部的摩擦，因此增加了隔音材料整体的能量损耗；同时，本申请通过在隔音基材中同时添加片状的云母粉和块状的白云石，还能够限制隔音材料内部大分子长链之间的运动，进一步增加能量损耗，以达到吸振、隔音的效果。
本发明针对上述技术问题，提出了一种隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，包括50-300重量份的EVA、10-300重量份的云母粉、10-300重量份的白云石、10-50重量份的热塑性树脂、10-100重量份的增韧剂、3-60重量份的相容剂、30-300重量份的阻燃剂、10-80重量份的增塑剂、100-500重量份的硫酸钡。
本发明还提出了一种车用隔音片材，所述的车用隔音片材由本发明提出的隔音材料组合物经密炼、挤出压片得到。
本申请的发明人经过大量的试验发现，将片状的云母粉和块状的白云石共同填充EVA基材，制备得到的隔音片材具有良好的吸振、隔音效果；发明人猜测可能是因为片状的云母粉和块状的白云石混合填充EVA基材，能够限制隔音材料内部分子的运动，增加隔音材料的损耗因子以及材料内部应变、应力的相对滞后性和增加隔音材料内部的摩擦，因此增加了因此较大程度地增大了隔音材料整体的能量损耗，从而使得采用该隔音材料组合物制备得到的隔音片材具有良好的隔音效果；本申请的发明人还发现，通过将EVA、片状的云母粉、块状的白云石、热塑性树脂、增韧剂、相容剂、阻燃剂、及增塑剂和硫酸钡采用本申请所述的配比混合作为隔音材料组合物，制备得到的隔音片材不仅阻尼效果好、吸声吸振效果明显，且该隔音片材还具有良好的机械强度和力学性能，同时阻燃性好、低烟、安全无气味，成本低。
具体实施方式
本发明提出了一种隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，包括50-300重量份的EVA、10-300重量份的云母粉、10-300重量份的白云石、10-50重量份的热塑性树脂、10-100重量份的增韧剂、3-60重量份的相容剂、30-300重量份的阻燃剂、10-80重量份的增塑剂、100-500重量份的硫酸钡。
本申请的发明人在偶然中发现，通过将片状的云母粉和块状的白云石混合填充EVA基材制备隔音材料，不仅隔音效果好，同时片状的云母粉和块状的白云石与EVA之间相容性好；热塑性树脂与增韧剂的存在使得隔音材料组合物制备得到的隔音材料具有较高的拉伸强度和较好的柔韧性；相容剂的存在使得EPDM橡胶与云母粉、白云石之间能够更好的混合。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述云母粉的平均粒径为80-1250目；
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述白云石的平均粒径为80-1250目；
将云母粉的平均粒径限定在80-1250目以及白云石的平均粒径限定在80-1250目，不仅能够保证云母粉及白云石与EVA基材之间具有更好的相容性，而且云母粉、白云石与EVA之间的相互作用更明显，隔音材料具有更大的能量损耗，得到的隔音片材具有更高的隔音效果。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述云母粉与白云石的重量比为1:9-9:1；将片状的云母粉与块状的白云石的用量控制在此比值，云母粉、白云石与EVA之间能够更好的相互作用，得到的隔音材料同时具有较优的阻尼性能和吸音吸振效果。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述增韧剂为烯烃类热塑性弹性体；所述烯烃类热塑性弹性体选自丙烯基类弹性体和/或乙烯基类弹性体；进一步优选地，所述增韧剂为丙烯基类弹性体和乙烯基类弹性体；进一步优选地，所述丙烯基类弹性体为10-50重量份，所述乙烯基类弹性体为10-50重量份；在隔音材料组合物中添加丙烯基类弹性体和乙烯基类弹性体，且控制丙烯基类弹性体为10-50重量份、乙烯基类弹性体为10-50重量份；通过控制丙烯基类弹性体为10-50重量份、乙烯基类弹性体为10-50重量份，得到的隔音材料组合物具有更优异的加工性能，制备得到的隔音片材具有更好的柔韧性及其他力学性能。根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述热塑性树脂选自聚乙烯与聚丙烯的共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的一种或多种；进一步优选地，所述热塑性树脂选自低密度聚乙烯；选择低密度聚乙烯能够改善隔音材料的加工性能，以及隔音片材的硬度及其他力学性能。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述增塑剂为石蜡油；进一步改善隔音材料的加工性能及提高隔音片材的硬度。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述隔音材料组合物还包括5-20重量份的炭黑；此时炭黑作为颜料，不仅无气味安全无污染，且成本低。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述相容剂为EVA接枝马来酸酐和/或EVA接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯；进一步优选地，所述相容剂为EVA接枝马来酸酐；以进一步提高无机填料与基体的相容性以及提高填料在基体中均匀分散性。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述阻燃剂为无卤阻燃剂；进一步优选地，所述无卤阻燃剂选自硼酸锌、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝中的一种或多种；采用此种阻燃剂，能够实现低气味、低烟、高阻燃等级，同时还能进一步改善高填充下隔音材料加工困难、隔音片材力学性能差及隔音量不高的问题。
根据本发明提出的隔音材料组合物，优选地，所述隔音材料组合物根据选择还可以包括助剂；进一步优选地，所述助剂根据实际情况可以选自软化剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂中的一种或多种；所述润滑剂、抗氧剂、软化剂的种类以及用量在本领域的常规范围内即可，本发明没有特殊限定，此处不再赘述。
本发明还提出了一种车用隔音片材，其特征在于，所述车用隔音片材由本申请提出的隔音材料组合物经密炼、挤出压片后得到；密炼过程中，完成无机填料、助剂以及EVA基体之间的充分接触混合、分散；挤出压片过程中能够得到厚度均一的片材；优选地，在密炼之前包括对白云石进行表面预处理；进一步优选地，所述对白云石进行表面预处理的方法是将白云石、硫酸钡、硅烷偶联剂在混料机中混合处理，混合处理温度为100-120℃，混合处理时间为0.5-1h。
具体地，密炼的条件包括：密炼温度为140-160℃，密炼时间为10-15min；挤出压片的条件包括：挤出温度为140-160℃。
根据本发明提出的车用隔音片材，优选地，具体可先将白云石、硫酸钡以及硅烷偶联剂在混料机中混合，混合过程中完成对白云石的表面预处理；然后将增塑剂与云母粉混合均匀后，与经过表面预处理后的白云石以及EVA、相容剂、热塑性树脂、阻燃剂、增韧剂一起转入密炼机中进行密炼；然后将密炼后的混合挤出压片得到片材；其中，密炼温度为140~160℃，密炼时间为10~15min；挤出压片的条件包括：挤出温度为140~160℃。
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
（1）称取6kg白云石(白云石平均粒径为200目)、40kg硫酸钡、0.5kg硅烷偶联剂于110℃在混料机中混合处理5min；
（2）称取10kg云母粉(云母粉平均粒径为325mm目)、3kg石蜡油在塑料容器中混合均匀；
（3） 称取10kgEVA、丙烯基类弹性体(Vistamaxx 6102)5Kg、乙烯基类弹性体(Engage8150)3kg、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE GA574-000)2kg、EVA接枝马来酸酐1kg、阻燃剂（硼酸锌6kg、氢氧化镁2kg、氢氧化铝2kg）10kg、炭黑1kg 以及2.3kg的硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌、氧化钙、抗老化剂（硫代二丙酸双月桂酯）的混合，与步骤(1)以及步骤(2)中得到的混料一起置于密炼机中密炼，设置密炼机中的温度为120℃，密炼时间为15min；
（4）步骤(3)中经过密炼后的混料自动进料至双强制喂料料斗中，于90℃下挤出片材，挤出片材经过压光机压光制备得到厚度为2mm，宽1.5m的样品；然后将样品裁剪成1.5mx10m的尺寸，得到实施例1的车用隔音片材A1。
实施例2
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中采用的白云石的平均粒径为325目，步骤(2)中，采用的云母粉的平均粒径为600目；制备得到实施例2的车用隔音片材A2。
实施例3
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中采用的白云石的平均粒径为600目，步骤(2)中，采用的云母粉的平均粒径为800目；制备得到实施例3的车用隔音片材A3。
实施例4
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中称取4kg白云石、40kg硫酸钡；步骤(2)中称取12kg云母粉；步骤(3)中称取10kgEVA、丙烯基类弹性体(Vistamaxx 6102)8kg、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE 7144)2kg，其他均与实施例1相同，制备得到实施例4的车用隔音片材A4。
实施例5
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中称取8kg白云石、40kg硫酸钡；步骤(2)中称取8kg云母粉；步骤(3)中称取10kgEVA、乙烯基类弹性体(Engage8150)8kg、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE 7144) 4kg，其他均与实施例1相同，制备得到实施例5的车用隔音片材A5。
实施例6
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(3)中称取12kgEVA、丙烯基类弹性体(Vistamaxx 6102)6.7kg、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE 7144)1.7kg，其他均与实施例1相同，制备得到实施例6的车用隔音片材A6。
实施例7
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中称取2kg白云石(白云石的的平均粒径为80目)；步骤(2)中称取18kg云母粉(云母粉的平均粒径为1250目)；其他均与实施例1相同，制备得到实施例7的车用隔音片材A7。
实施例8
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中称取18kg白云石(白云石的的平均粒径为1250目)；步骤(2)中称取2kg云母粉(云母粉的平均粒径为80目)；其他均与实施例1相同，制备得到实施例8的车用隔音片材A8。
实施例9
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中称取2kg白云石(白云石的的平均粒径为80目)；步骤(2)中称取18kg云母粉(云母粉的平均粒径为80目)；其他均与实施例1相同，制备得到实施例9的车用隔音片材A9。
实施例10
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，步骤(1)中称取18kg白云石(白云石的的平均粒径为1500目)；步骤(2)中称取2kg云母粉(云母粉的平均粒径为1500目)；其他均与实施例1相同，制备得到实施例10的车用隔音片材A10。
对比例1
称取10kgEVA、丙烯基类弹性体(Vistamaxx 6102)5kg、乙烯基类弹性体(Engage8150)3kg、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE 7144)2kg、硫酸钡40kg、碳酸钙10kg、氢氧化镁10kg、石蜡油3kg、炭黑1kg以及2.3kg的硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌、氧化钙、抗老化剂（硫代二丙酸双月桂酯）的混合置于密炼机中密炼，设置密炼机中的温度为120℃，密炼时间为15min；将经过密炼后的混料自动进料至双强制喂料料斗中，于90℃下挤出片材，挤出片材经过压光机压光制备得到厚度为2mm的样品；将样品裁剪成1.3mx10m的尺寸，得到对比例1的车用隔音片材DA1。
对比例2
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，不添加白云石，制备得到对比例2的隔音片材DA2。
对比例3
采用与实施例1相同的方法制备隔音片材，不同之处在于，不添加云母粉，制备得到对比例3的隔音片材DA3。
性能测试
(1)隔音量测试
按照GB/T 18696.2-2002公开的方法测试各实施例片材A1-A6和对比例片材的隔声性能，测试结果如表1所示。
(2)拉伸强度测试测试
按照GB/T 1040-2006公开的方法测试各实施例片材A1-A6和对比例片材的拉伸强度，测试结果如表2所示。
(3)燃烧性能测试
按照GB/T 8410-2006公开的方法测试各实施例片材A1-A6和对比例片材的燃烧性能，测试结果如表2所示。
(4)氧指数测试
按照GB/T2406.2-2009中公开的塑料用氧指数法测定燃烧行为实施例片材A1-A6和对比例片材的燃烧性能，测试结果如表1所示。
(5)烟密度
按照GB/T8627-2007中公开的建筑材料燃烧或分解的烟密度实验方法实施例片材A1-A6和对比例片材的燃烧性能，测试结果如表2所示。
表1
表2
由表1可以看出，本申请通过在隔音材料组合物中同时加入云母粉和白云石，用该隔音材料组合物制备得到的隔音片材较对比例1-3中没有同时添加白云石和云母粉的隔音材料组合物制备得到的隔音片材，隔音效果要好，尤其是在高频率段区域，本申请实施例制备的隔音片材的隔音量要远远大于对比例中隔音片材的隔音量；
由表2可以看出，本申请实施例中的隔音材料制备得到的隔音片材，在保证较好的隔音效果的同时，仍然能保持良好的阻燃性能及力学性能强度、低烟密度和高氧指数。

Claims (14)

1.一种隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，包括50-300重量份的EVA、10-300重量份的云母粉、10-300重量份的白云石、10-50重量份的热塑性树脂、10-100重量份的增韧剂、3-60重量份的相容剂、30-300重量份的阻燃剂、10-80重量份的增塑剂、100-500重量份的硫酸钡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述云母粉的平均粒径为80-1250目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述白云石的平均粒径为80-1250目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述云母粉与白云石的重量比为1:9-9:1。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述增韧剂为烯烃类热塑性弹性体；所述烯烃类热塑性弹性体选自丙烯基类弹性体和/或乙烯基类弹性体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述热塑性树脂选自乙烯与丙烯的共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述增塑剂为石蜡油。
8.根据权利要求5所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述隔音材料组合物还包括5-20重量份的炭黑。
9.根据权利要求5所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述相容剂为EVA接枝马来酸酐和/或EVA接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
10.根据权利要求9所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为无卤阻燃剂；所述无卤阻燃剂选自硼酸锌、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝中的一种或多种。
11.根据权利要求9所述的隔音材料组合物，其特征在于，所述隔音材料组合物还包括助剂；所述助剂选自软化剂、润滑剂中的一种或多种。
12.一种车用隔音片材，其特征在于，所述车用隔音片材由权利要求1-11任意一项所述的隔音材料组合物经密炼、挤出压片后得到。
13.根据权利要求12所述的车用隔音片材，其特征在于，在进行密炼步骤前对白云石进行表面预处理。
14.根据权利要求13所述的车用隔音片材，其特征在于，密炼的条件包括：密炼温度为140-160℃，密炼时间为10-15min；挤出压片的条件包括：挤出温度为140-160℃。
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