CN106905317B - 4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/06—Peri-condensed systems
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种4‑取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物及其合成方法和应用。该衍生物具有下述式(Ⅰ)所示结构,其合成方法为:取式(Ⅱ)所示结构的Sampangine生物碱与过溴溴化吡啶置于第一有机溶剂中反应,得到式(Ⅲ)所示结构的4‑溴取代Sampangine生物碱,然后与甲醇钠在第二有机溶剂中反应得到式(Ⅳ)所示结构的4‑甲氧基取代Sampangine生物碱,之后再与式(Ⅴ)所示结构的二胺在第三有机溶剂中反应,即得到相应的目标化合物粗品;所述式(Ⅰ)至式(Ⅴ)所示结构的化合物分别如下所示: 其中,式(Ⅰ)和式(Ⅴ)中,n=2~3,R2为‑N(CH3)3、‑NEt2、‑OH、或
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学技术领域,具体涉及4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是由德国的神经病理学家阿尔茨海默(Alois Alzheimer)于1907年首先发现,并以其名字而命名的一种疾病,AD是一种渐进性的神经变性性疾病,这种疾病表现为全面的认知障碍,包括记忆、定位、判断和推理。其临床特点是以潜隐性病,逐渐出现记忆力减退、认知功能障碍、行为异常和社交障碍。通常病情呈进行性加重,逐渐丧失独立生活能力。由于AD病涉及多种病理过程,其发病机制是个很复杂、多机制、多因素的过程。
20世纪80年代初Bartus及其合作者研究发现AD病人的大脑皮层和海马区胆碱能神经递质明显减少时,胆碱能神经就受到不可修复的损伤,从而导致了患者的记忆和认知能力出现障碍,因此产生了胆碱能假说。而在胆碱能突触中,乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase,AChE)是生物神经传导中的一种关键性的酶,其经典功能是在胆碱能神经突触处通过快速水解神经递质乙酰胆碱(ACh),从而终止神经递质对突触后膜的兴奋传递,在胆碱能神经纤维的信号传导中扮演重要角色。若体内乙酰胆碱能神经元缺少,胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)的活性降低,突触间隙的乙酰胆碱含量不足就减少,向大脑皮质区传导的信号随之受到损伤。研究者还发现AChE对神经细胞的分化、迁移、突触的形成、造血系细胞和肿瘤细胞的增殖与分化调控也有作用。在前期已有的AD病治疗策略中,虽然研究主要集中在胆碱能的替代疗法,但其中乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(AChEI)是研究最为广泛、最为活跃的,乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(AChEI)可抑制中枢突触间隙的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),阻止ACh的分解,增加ACh活性,提高脑内ACh的含量,修复阿尔茨海默病中已丧失的胆碱能功能,阻止神经元间乙酰胆碱的代谢,对提高学习、记忆关系重大。
随着病理学的进展,研究者对AD患者脑组织内老年斑(SP)和神经元纤维缠结(NFT)的形成及危害的认识不断深入。由β-淀粉样蛋白大量聚集形成老年斑和异常磷酸化Tau蛋白纠结而成神经元纤维缠结被认为是AD的主要发病机理。1985年,Masters等发现老年斑是以β-淀粉样蛋白为核心的外周由受损或死亡的神经元突触包裹组成的纤维斑,其产生可能引发一系列的AD并发症。1992年Hardy等提出了“β-淀粉肽假说”认为Aβ沉积的神经毒性引起脑内神经细胞死亡和皮层萎缩,使胆碱能神经系统受损是导致AD的主要原因。研究者推测,Aβ可能是导致AD发病的上游产物。Aβ的解离和清除失衡导致Aβ异常增多并聚积产生神经毒性是引发级联反应的核心诱因,具有神经毒性Aβ的生成以及由其引发的一系列并发症被称为“β-淀粉样蛋白级联假说”。
目前AD病的治疗药物大致可以分为改善症状药物和针对病理药物两种。如目前已经上市的五种治疗AD病的药物:Donepezil;Rivastigmine;Galantamine;Tacrine和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体调节剂Memantine。这类药物的靶点为乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),它们虽然不能彻底治愈疾病,但能改善病人的症状。并且截至2006年,这五种药物已经产生了30亿美元的市场效益。并且这种状况还要至少维持4~5年。
由淀粉样β蛋白(Aβ)沉积造成的老年斑和包含tau蛋白的神经纤维原缠结被认为是AD的主要发病机理,因此,抑制Aβ的产生和沉积是时下治疗AD最流行策略和靶点。目前较为先进的缓解疾病候选药物(disease-modifying drug DMD)包括以Aβ抑制产生和清除为目标的Tramiprosate(已进入三期临床研究);调节γ-分泌酶的Tarenflurbil(已进入三期临床研究);淀粉样蛋白的主动免疫疫苗ACC-001和被动免疫疫苗Bapineuzumab和LY2062430(已进入二期临床研究)等。
Sampangine生物碱是提取至依兰树茎皮中的生物碱,其结构如下式所示:
已有的研究表明,Sampangine生物碱不但具有抑菌消炎作用,而且还具有改善心脑血管功能、免疫调节及抗肿瘤和抗艾滋病等作用。但目前尚未发现在Sampangine生物碱母核的4位上接上取代基后,具有体外对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性和抗Aβ聚集活性的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一系列4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物,以及它们的合成方法和应用。
本发明所述的4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物为具有下述式(Ⅰ)所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,
n=2~3;
R2为-N(CH3)3、-NEt2、-OH、
本发明还提供上述化合物的合成方法,具体包括:取式(Ⅱ)所示结构的Sampangine生物碱与过溴溴化吡啶置于第一有机溶剂中反应,得到式(Ⅲ)所示结构的4-溴取代Sampangine生物碱,然后与甲醇钠在第二有机溶剂中反应得到式(Ⅳ)所示结构的4-甲氧基取代Sampangine生物碱,之后再与式(Ⅴ)所示结构的二胺在第三有机溶剂中反应,即得到相应的目标化合物粗品;其中,
所述第一有机溶剂为氯仿和/或二氯甲烷;
所述第二有机溶剂为无水甲醇;
所述第三有机溶剂为选自无水乙醇、无水甲醇和无水乙腈中的一种或两种以上的组合;
式(Ⅱ)至式(Ⅴ)所示结构的化合物分别如下所示:
式(Ⅴ)中,n=2~3,R2为-N(CH3)3、-NEt2、-OH、
上述合成方法中,所述式(Ⅱ)所示结构的Sampangine生物碱可以参考现有文献(如J.Med.Chem.1992,35,4069-4077)进行合成,也可自行设计合成路线进行合成。
上述合成方法中,各反应在10~80℃条件下进行,具体地,式(Ⅱ)所示结构的Sampangine生物碱与过溴溴化吡啶的配比为化学计量比,通常为1:1.5~2,它们的反应通常在室温条件下进行;式(Ⅲ)所示结构的4-溴取代Sampangine生物碱与甲醇钠的配比为化学计量比,通常为1:5~10,它们的反应通常在50~70℃条件下进行,优选在回流条件下进行;式(Ⅳ)所示结构的4-甲氧基取代Sampangine生物碱与式(Ⅴ)所示结构的二胺的配比为化学计量比,通常为1:5~10,它们的反应通常在60~80℃条件下进行,优选在回流条件下进行。所述第一有机溶剂、第二有机溶剂和第三有机溶剂的用量通常以能够溶解参加反应的原料为宜。
由上述方法制得的是式(I)化合物的粗品,可采用现有常规的纯化方法对其进行纯化以提高式(I)化合物的纯度。通常采用硅胶柱层析来进行纯化,在将制得的目标化合物粗品上硅胶柱层析时,通常用由氯仿和甲醇组成的洗脱剂洗脱,所述氯仿和甲醇体积比为100:1~20:1,收集洗脱液,洗脱液减压蒸除溶剂,得到纯化后的目标化合物。所述组成洗脱剂的氯仿和甲醇的体积比优选为50:1~40:1,更优选为50:1。
本发明还包括上述4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物或其医学上可接受的盐在制备乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂药物和/或和Aβ聚集抑制剂药物中的应用。具体可以是在制备治疗阿尔茨海默病、脑血管痴呆、青光眼或重症肌无力药物中的应用。
本发明还包括以上述4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物或其医学上可接受的盐为活性成分制备的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂药物和/或和Aβ聚集抑制剂药物。该药物的剂型为注射剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊、悬浮剂或乳剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一系列新的4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物及其合成方法,此外,申请人通过实验发现该类衍生物对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有很好的抑制活性,同时具有较好的抗Aβ聚集活性,具有较好的潜在药用价值,有望用于制备治疗阿尔茨海默病、脑血管痴呆以及类胆碱能的神经递质减少引起的相关疾病的药物。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2制得的化合物4、实施例5至实施例12制得的化合物7~14对APPsw SH-SY5Y细胞分泌Aβ42的抑制(Control为野生型SH-SY5Y细胞)效果图,其中为5μmol的药物浓度,为10μmol的药物浓度。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详述,以更好地理解本发明的内容,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
根据下述合成路线合成本发明所述的4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物,其中,化合物4对应于取式(Ⅱ)所示结构的Sampangine生物碱,化合物5对应于式(Ⅲ)所示结构的4-溴取代Sampangine生物碱,化合物6对应于式(Ⅳ)所示结构的4-甲氧基取代Sampangine生物碱,化合物7~14对应于式(Ⅰ)所示结构的各目标化合物,结构式中出现的n=2~3,R2为-N(CH3)3、-NEt2、-OH、
化合物7-14的结构分别如下:
实施例1:化合物3的合成
将18.5g(0.165mol)化合物2的50mL二甲苯溶液迅速加入到30.0g(0.126mol)化合物1的250mL二甲苯溶液,氮气保护下回流反应6小时,冷却。转移到3L分液漏斗中,乙酸乙酯萃取取有机层,有机层用2N H2SO4萃取,得到酸层溶液用6N NaOH调节pH值约9-10,析出大量固体,抽滤,水洗,得到粗产品。用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=100:1)纯化得到化合物3为黄色固体,产率60%。ESI-MS(m/z):224[M+H]+.
化合物3的结构式如下:
实施例2:1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物4)的合成
将11.16g(0.050mol)化合物3溶于40mL DMF溶液,再向其加入8.63mL(0.065mol)DMF-DMA,加入完毕,升温至120℃,TLC跟踪反应3小时,原料反应完全。
稍冷后向其加入25.75g(0.48mol)氯化铵和85mL冰醋酸溶液,120℃继续反应3小时,冷却。加入1500mL水和CH2Cl2萃取,加入1500mL水和CH2Cl2萃取,CH2Cl2层用无水Na2SO4干燥。粗产品经硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1)得到红色固体(化合物4),产率60%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.81(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.74(dd,J=7.9,0.8Hz,1H),8.41(dd,J=7.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),7.81–7.76(m,1H),7.68–7.66(m,1H),7.64(dd,J=7.5,1.2Hz,1H);ESI-MS(m/z):233[M+H]+.
化合物4的结构式如下:
实施例3:4-溴-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物5)的合成
取2.32g(10mmol)化合物4和4.80g(15.0mmol)三溴化吡啶鎓加入100mL氯仿溶液溶解,反应48小时。冷却,转移到分液漏斗,饱和NaHCO3洗涤,无水K2CO3干燥。用硅胶柱层析(氯仿)纯化得到化合物5为黄色固体,产率75%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.25(s,1H),8.95(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),8.80(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.43(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),7.83(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.70(t,J=7.1Hz,1H);ESI-MS(m/z):311[M+H]+.
化合物5的结构式如下:
实施例4:4-甲氧基-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物6)的合成
将1.176g(3.78mmol)化合物5和2.042g(37.8mmol)甲醇钠溶于无水甲醇溶液中,反应24小时,冷却,抽滤,无水甲醇洗涤,得到纯净的化合物6为黄色固体,产率82%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.86(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.82(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.64(s,1H),8.47(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.80(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.68(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.23(s,3H);ESI-MS(m/z):263[M+H]+.
化合物6的结构式如下:
实施例5:4-[(二甲胺基)乙胺基]-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物7)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL N,N-二甲基乙二胺,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到红色粉末(化合物7),产率80%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.84(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.78(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.41(s,1H),8.29–8.27(m,1H),8.26(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),8.00(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),7.84(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.74(td,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),3.62(dd,J=12.3,6.4Hz,2H),2.63(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),2.26(s,6H);ESI-MS(m/z):319[M+H]+.
化合物7的结构式如下:
实施例6:4-[(二甲胺基)丙胺基]-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物8)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL N,N-二甲基丙二胺,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到红色粉末(化合物8),产率68%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.89(s,1H),8.78(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.68(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.47(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.73(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.64(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),2.68–2.63(m,2H),2.42(s,6H),1.98–1.92(m,2H);ESI-MS(m/z):333[M+H]+.
化合物8的结构式如下:
实施例7:4-[(二乙胺基)乙胺基]-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物9)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL N,N-二乙基乙二胺,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到红色粉末(化合物9),产率65%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.76(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.72(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.46(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.73(t,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.63(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.51(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),6.55(s,1H),3.42(dd,J=9.6,5.1Hz,2H),2.86(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.63(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),1.09(t,J=7.1Hz,6H);ESI-MS(m/z):347[M+H]+.
化合物9的结构式如下:
实施例8:4-[(二乙胺基)丙胺基]-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物10)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL N,N-二乙基丙二胺,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到橙黄色红色粉末(化合物10),产率68%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.94(s,1H),8.81(dd,J=7.9,0.9Hz,1H),8.71(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.48(dd,J=7.8,1.1Hz,1H),8.23(s,1H),7.74(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.64(td,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),3.61–3.56(m,2H),2.80–2.75(m,2H),2.71(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),2.01–1.94(m,2H),1.13(t,J=7.1Hz,6H);ESI-MS(m/z):361[M+H]+.
化合物10的结构式如下:
实施例9:4-吡咯基乙胺基-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物11)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL 1-(2-氨乙基)吡咯烷,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到红色粉末(化合物11),产率64%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.77(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.72(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.45(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.74(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),6.48(s,1H),3.52(s,2H),2.94(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.65(s,4H),1.86(s,4H);ESI-MS(m/z):345[M+H]+.
化合物11的结构式如下:
实施例10:4-吡咯基丙胺基-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物12)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL 1-(3-氨基丙基)吡咯烷,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到红色粉末(化合物12),产率67%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.98(s,1H),8.79(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),8.64(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.48(dd,J=7.8,0.9Hz,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.77–7.71(m,1H),7.67–7.62(m,1H),7.42(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),3.58(dd,J=9.8,5.5Hz,2H),2.88–2.83(m,2H),2.71(s,4H),2.04–1.99(m,2H),1.97(d,J=3.2Hz,4H);ESI-MS(m/z):359[M+H]+.
化合物12的结构式如下:
实施例11:4-哌啶基乙胺基-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物13)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL 1-(2-氨乙基)哌啶,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到红色粉末(化合物13),产率72%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.79(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.75(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.47(dd,J=7.8,1.0Hz,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.75(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.65(dd,J=10.8,4.3Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),6.62(s,1H),3.49(dd,J=9.5,5.4Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),2.52(s,4H),1.66(dt,J=10.8,5.5Hz,4H),1.53(d,J=4.9Hz,2H);ESI-MS(m/z):359[M+H]+.
化合物13的结构式如下:
实施例12:4-哌啶基丙胺基-1,6-二氮杂苯并蒽酮(化合物14)的合成
取0.15g(0.5719mmol)化合物6于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入10mL无水乙醇使其全部溶解后,再向其缓慢滴加1mL 1-(3-氨基丙基)哌啶,滴加完毕后TLC追踪反应8h,过滤,烘干。粗产品用硅胶柱层析(氯仿/甲醇=50:1)纯化得到红色粉末(化合物14),产率78%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.80(dd,J=7.9,0.7Hz,1H),8.68(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.48(dd,J=7.8,1.1Hz,1H),8.20(s,1H),7.74(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.64(td,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),3.54(dd,J=9.9,5.5Hz,2H),2.65–2.60(m,2H),2.53(s,4H),1.99–1.92(m,2H),1.77–1.69(m,4H),1.60(d,J=4.3Hz,2H);ESI-MS(m/z):373[M+H]+.
化合物14的结构式如下:
实施例13:4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物体外乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的测定
应用Ellman(Ellman,G.L.;Courtney,K.D.;Andres,V.;etal.Biochem.Pharmacol.1961,7,88.)的方法测试化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制的IC50值。所有测试都是用Microplate reader ELX808TM型酶标仪(美国BioTek公司),在37℃条件下测定。数据分析软件使用Origin软件进行数据处理,使用Tacrine作为对照品。
1、抑制剂储备液的配制:所测试的抑制剂配成10mM的DMSO溶液。
2、酶储备液的配制:乙酰胆碱酯酶(从电鳗中提取)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(从马的血浆中提取)购自Sigma公司;用pH=8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液分别配成0.1mg/mL,0.5mg/mL。
3、底物储备液的配制:乙酰巯基胆碱(乙酰胆碱酯酶底物)和丁酰巯基胆碱(丁酰胆碱酯酶底物)购自Sigma公司;用pH=8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液分别配成2mg/mL,2mg/mL。
4、显色剂储备液的配制:显色剂DTNB购自Sigma公司;用pH=8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液分别配成4mg/mL和2mg/mL。
5、测试:每次测试的体积都为150μL的pH=8.0的磷酸盐缓冲液。
往96孔酶标板中加入pH=8.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液150μL,10μL显色剂储备液,10μL酶储备液,再分别加入20μL不同浓度抑制剂溶液(用pH=8.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液稀释抑制剂储备液),在37℃的酶标仪中保温15min,立即加入20μL底物储备液,混匀后立即测其在λ=420nm处一分钟吸光度变化(斜率)。参比液为pH=8.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液。
6、结果判断:以未加样品所测得的吸光度变化(斜率)作为100个活力单位;相对酶活力=(加入抑制剂的吸光度变化(斜率)/没有加入抑制剂的吸光度变化(斜率))×100,当酶的相对活力为50时的抑制剂的浓度即为抑制剂的IC50值。结果如下述表1所示:
表1.化合物4,7-14对乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的IC50值
通过体外乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制实验,证明了本发明的4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物比Sampangine具有更强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中化合物10对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制IC50值达到了0.23μM。
实施例14:4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物对APPsw SH-SY5Y细胞分泌Aβ42的抑制活性测定
1.细胞培养:将APPsw SH-SY5Y细胞培养于含有w=10%FBS和w=1%青链霉素的DMEM培养液中,在37℃、100%饱和相对湿度的恒温细胞培养箱中培养。观察细胞贴壁生长密度超过80%时,用w=0.25%胰蛋白酶消化传代。
2.取对数生长期的细胞,消化后以1×106个/mL的浓度接种于6孔板。24h后加入终浓度为1μmol/L的药物,另设只加0.1%DMSO的对照组,每组设3个复孔。24h后分别收集细胞培养液,4℃、12000r/min离心5min后取上清,将上清置于-20℃保存。
3.按照试剂盒的说明将标准品稀释、加样(分别设空白孔与待测样品孔)、温育、配洗涤液、洗涤、加入酶标试剂(空白孔除外)、再温育、再洗涤、加入显色剂避光显色15min、每孔加入50μL的终止液终止反应、用酶标仪在450nm波长下测定吸光度(OD值)。
化合物4、7-14对APPsw SH-SY5Y细胞分泌Aβ42的抑制(Control为野生型SH-SY5Y细胞)效果如图1所示,其中为5μmol的药物浓度,为10μmol的药物浓度。在细胞实验中发现,所有的4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物都表现出不同程度的抑制APPsw SH-SY5Y细胞分泌Aβ42,其中化合物10的抑制能力最强。
综合以上实验结果表明,本发明的4-取代Sampangine生物碱衍生物有望用于治疗阿尔茨海默病、脑血管痴呆以及类胆碱能的神经递质减少引起的相关疾病。
Claims (8)
1.具有下述式(Ⅰ)所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,
n=2~3;
NR2为-N(CH3)2、-NEt2、
2.权利要求1所述化合物的合成方法,其特征在于:取式(Ⅱ)所示结构的Sampangine生物碱与过溴溴化吡啶置于第一有机溶剂中反应,得到式(Ⅲ)所示结构的4-溴取代Sampangine生物碱,然后与甲醇钠在第二有机溶剂中反应得到式(Ⅳ)所示结构的4-甲氧基取代Sampangine生物碱,之后再与式(Ⅴ)所示结构的二胺在第三有机溶剂中反应,即得到相应的目标化合物粗品;其中,
所述第一有机溶剂为氯仿和/或二氯甲烷;
所述第二有机溶剂为无水甲醇;
所述第三有机溶剂为选自无水乙醇、无水甲醇和无水乙腈中的一种或两种以上的组合;
式(Ⅱ)至式(Ⅴ)所示结构的化合物分别如下所示:
式(Ⅴ)中,n=2~3,NR2为-N(CH3)2、-NEt2、
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:反应在10~80℃条件下进行。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的合成方法,其特征在于:还包括纯化步骤:具体是将制得的目标化合物粗品进行硅胶柱层析,得到纯化后的目标化合物。
5.权利要求1所述化合物或其医学上可接受的盐在制备乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂药物和/或Aβ聚集抑制剂药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于:权利要求1所述化合物或其医学上可接受的盐在制备治疗阿尔茨海默病、脑血管痴呆、青光眼或重症肌无力药物中的应用。
7.以权利要求1所述化合物或其医学上可接受的盐为活性成分制备的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂药物和/或Aβ聚集抑制剂药物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于:所述药物的剂型为注射剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊、悬浮剂或乳剂。
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