CN106897505B - 一种考虑时-空相关性的结构监测数据异常识别方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于土木工程结构健康监测领域,提出了一种考虑时‑空相关性的结构监测数据异常识别方法。首先,对监测数据定义当前和过去观测向量,并对它们进行预白化;其次,对白化后的当前和过去观测向量建立统计相关模型,以同时考虑监测数据中的时‑空相关性;接着,将模型划分为系统相关和系统无关两部分,并定义两个相应的统计量;最后,确定统计量的控制限,当统计量超过其控制限时可判断监测数据中存在异常。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于土木工程结构健康监测领域,提出了一种考虑时-空相关性的结构监测数据异常识别方法。
背景技术
土木工程结构在长期荷载、环境侵蚀和疲劳效应等因素的共同作用下,其服役性能的退化不可避免。深入分析结构监测数据,可以及时发现结构的异常状态并提供准确的安全预警,对确保土木工程结构的安全运营具有重要的现实意义。目前,结构监测数据的异常识别主要通过统计方法实现,一般分为两大类:1)单变量控制图,如休哈特控制图、累积和控制图等,该类方法对每个测点的监测数据分别建立控制图,以识别监测数据中的异常;2)多变量统计分析,如主成分分析、独立分量分析等,该类方法利用多测点监测数据之间的相关性建立统计模型,并定义相应的统计量以识别监测数据中的异常。
由于结构变形的连续性,结构相邻测点的响应数据之间也具有一定的相关性(即互相关性或空间相关性)。实际工程应用中,能够考虑这种相关性的多变量统计分析方法更具优越性。此外,该类方法仅需定义1~2个统计量,即可判别监测数据中是否存在异常,这对包含众多传感器的结构健康监测系统而言,非常便捷。除了互相关性外,结构响应数据中也存在自相关性(即时间相关性)。若能在统计建模过程中同时考虑自相关性和互相关性(即时-空相关性),则可提升多变量统计分析方法的异常识别能力,使其在工程应用中更具实用价值。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种同时考虑时-空相关性的统计建模方法,并在此基础上定义统计量以识别结构监测数据中的异常。其技术方案是:首先,对监测数据定义当前和过去观测向量,并对它们进行预白化;其次,对白化后的当前和过去观测向量建立统计相关模型,以同时考虑监测数据中的时-空相关性;接着,将模型划分为系统相关和系统无关两部分,并定义两个相应的统计量;最后,确定统计量的控制限,当统计量超过其控制限时可判断监测数据中存在异常。
一种考虑时-空相关性的结构监测数据异常识别方法,步骤如下:
步骤一:监测数据预处理
(1)对正常监测数据定义当前和过去观测向量:
yc(t)=y(t)
yp(t)=[yT(t-1),yT(t-2),...,yT(t-l)]T
(2)对当前观测向量yc(t)和过去观测向量yp(t)进行预白化:
步骤二:时-空相关性建模
(5)上述统计相关模型的解可通过如下奇异值分解求得:
式中:Q=ΦTRp;
步骤三:定义统计量
(7)由于仅有m个非零相关系数,则可将变量z(t)划分为两部分:
zs(t)=Qsyp(t)
zn(t)=Qnyp(t)
式中:zs(t)和zn(t)分别表示z(t)的系统相关部分和系统无关部分;Qs和Qn分别为Q的前m行和后m(l-1)行;
(8)为了识别监测数据中的异常,可对zs(t)和zn(t)定义两个统计量:
步骤四:确定控制限
本发明的有益效果:在统计建模过程中考虑了结构监测数据具有时-空相关性这一特征,基于此定义的统计量可有效识别监测数据中的异常。
附图说明
图1是结构监测数据的时-空相关性建模示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案,进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
选取一座两跨公路桥模型,其长度为5.5m、宽度为1.8m。对其建立有限元模型以模拟结构响应,采集16个测点的响应作为监测数据。共生成两个数据集:训练数据集和测试数据集;其中,训练数据集为正常监测数据集,测试数据集中的一部分用于模拟异常监测数据;两个数据集均持续80s,采样频率为256Hz。本发明的关键在于结构监测数据的时-空相关性建模(见图1),具体实施方式如下:
Claims (1)
1.一种考虑时-空相关性的结构监测数据异常识别方法,其特征在于:
选取一座两跨公路桥模型,已知其长度、宽度;对其建立有限元模型以模拟结构响应,采集测点的响应作为监测数据;共生成两个数据集:训练数据集和测试数据集;其中,训练数据集为正常监测数据集,测试数据集中的一部分用于模拟异常监测数据;具体方法步骤如下:
步骤一:监测数据预处理
(1)对正常监测数据定义当前和过去观测向量:
yc(t)=y(t)
yp(t)=[yT(t-1),yT(t-2),...,yT(t-l)]T
(2)对当前观测向量yc(t)和过去观测向量yp(t)进行预白化:
步骤二:时-空相关性建模
(5)上述统计相关模型的解通过如下奇异值分解求得:
式中:Q=ΦTRp;
步骤三:定义统计量
(7)由于仅有m个非零相关系数,则将变量z(t)划分为两部分:
zs(t)=Qsyp(t)
zn(t)=Qnyp(t)
式中:zs(t)和zn(t)分别表示z(t)的系统相关部分和系统无关部分;Qs和Qn分别为Q的前m行和后m(l-1)行;
(8)为了识别监测数据中的异常,对zs(t)和zn(t)定义两个统计量:
步骤四:确定控制限
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