CN106884311B - 一种抗菌抗静电羊驼绒的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌抗静电羊驼绒的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种抗菌抗静电羊驼绒的制备方法，属于功能化羊驼绒制备及应用的技术领域。载银纳米二氧化钛粉末用硅烷偶联剂处理后制备成的抗菌抗静电整理液，然后对羊驼绒进行整理。所得羊驼绒具有良好的抗菌抗静电性能，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率可达到95‑99%和93‑97%；其纤维表面比电阻可以从3.0×104Ω降低为10‑15Ω；且羊驼绒的断裂强度基本没损失。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗菌抗静电羊驼绒的制备方法，属于功能化羊驼绒制备及应用的技术领域。
背景技术
羊驼绒纤维极细，柔软细腻，具有丝绸般的光滑，其耐磨度、强度以及保暖性能优于羊毛和羊绒。而且具有良好的吸湿透气性，弹性好，不易变形起球，不滞水缩水，素有“软黄金”之称，其加工的制品具有手感丝滑、轻盈、高雅的特性。
羊驼绒纤维属于动物纤维，本身容易滋生细菌。人穿着羊驼绒服装时，人体新陈代谢产生的汗水、皮屑等为细菌提供营养物质，使羊驼绒纤维制品成为细菌滋生的温床。羊驼绒纤维制品受细菌影响会发黄、发霉、产生异味，甚至会诱发皮肤病。另外羊驼绒纤维制品在纺织加工和穿着使用过程中容易产生静电，严重影响了羊驼绒纤维制品的加工和应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对背景技术的不足和应用缺陷，提供抗静电效果强且抗菌的一种抗菌抗静电羊驼绒的制备方法。
它大大降低了羊驼绒纤维表面的比电阻，达到抗静电效果；同时有效提高了羊驼绒纤维的抑菌率，达到抗菌效果。
一种抗菌抗静电羊驼绒的制备方法，首先制成抗菌抗静电整理液，再用整理液对羊驼绒进行整理。
使用的化学物质及材料为：纳米二氧化钛，硝酸银，醋酸，醋酸钠，无水乙醇，聚乙二醇400，硅烷偶联剂，去离子水，羊驼绒纤维，其准备用量如下：以克、毫升为计量单位
纳米二氧化钛：TiO2 70g±1g；
硝酸银：AgNO3 0.35g±0.01g；
醋酸：HAc 10mL±1mL；
醋酸钠：NaAc 40mL±1mL；
无水乙醇：C2H5OH 100mL±1mL；
聚乙二醇400：HO(CH2CH2)nH 1000mL±100mL ；
硅烷偶联剂：NH2CH2CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3 25g±1g；
去离子水：H2O 6000mL±50mL；
羊驼绒纤维: 500g±1g；
制备方法如下：
(1)精选化学物质材料：对制备使用的化学物质材料要进行精选，并进行质量纯度、含量控制：
纳米二氧化钛：固态固体，纯度是99.5%
硝酸银：固态固体，纯度是99.5%
醋酸：液态液体，浓度是12%
醋酸钠：液态液体，浓度是17%
无水乙醇：液态液体，浓度是99.9%
聚乙二醇400：液态液体，浓度是99.9%
硅烷偶联剂：固态固体，浓度是99.5%
去离子水：液态液体，浓度是99.9%
羊驼绒纤维：主体长度172.73mm、纤维细度18.45μm；
(2)制备载银纳米二氧化钛粉末：在100-150mL的去离子水中加入70g±1g纳米二氧化钛粉末和0.35g±0.01g硝酸银，置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min；加入50-60mL缓冲溶液醋酸-醋酸钠（10mL±1mL醋酸与40mL±1mL醋酸钠混合）调节pH值至2-3；置于水浴恒温磁力搅拌器中以速度600-700r/min，温度为60-70℃反应90-100min后取出，静置48h；高速离心机以10000r/min的高速离心；分离的固体在95-100℃下鼓风干燥箱机中进行烘干，时间为1h；再用研磨钵研磨成粉末后放在马弗炉中进行高温煅烧，温度为600-610℃，时间为2h。制得载银纳米二氧化钛粉末。
(3)偶联剂处理载银纳米二氧化钛粉末：将25g±1g的硅烷偶联剂溶解于100mL±1mL的无水乙醇中，然后加入60g±1g的载银纳米二氧化钛粉末；置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min，然后在恒温水浴锅中恒温40-45℃下反应30min；高速离心机以10000r/min的高速离心；分离的固体在95-100℃下鼓风干燥箱机中进行烘干，时间为1h。制得偶联剂处理的载银纳米二氧化钛粉末。
(4)制备抗菌抗静电整理液：将1000mL±100mL的聚乙二醇400与65g±5g的偶联剂处理载银纳米二氧化钛混合；置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min，后在恒温水浴锅中，温度为80-85℃下反应2h。制得抗菌抗静电整理液。
(5)整理羊驼绒：取上述中制得的抗菌抗静电整理液100mL±1mL用1000mL±10mL的去离子水稀释；将500g±1g的纯羊驼绒均匀放置于稀释后的整理液中，并在恒温水浴锅中，温度为40-50℃下反应30-40min；取出羊驼绒，置于1000mL的去离子水中洗涤，然后挤干，重复整理羊驼绒工序操作至少三次，以去除浮在羊驼绒表面没有反应的整理液，放入温度为70-90℃，真空度为100-110Pa的真空干燥箱中烘干，时间为2h。
(6)检测与表征：对整理后的羊驼绒采用抑菌圈直径测试法检测其抗菌性能；预调湿以后的羊驼绒进行纤维比电阻测试；用纤维电子强力仪检测力学性能。
结论：抗菌抗静电羊驼绒对黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率可达到98%和96%，而且其纤维表面比电阻从3.0×104 Ω降低为11Ω，且羊驼绒的力学性能没有受到损失。
本发明的有益效果是将载银纳米二氧化钛粉末用KH-550硅烷偶联剂处理后制备成的抗菌抗电整理液，再用抗菌抗电整理液整理羊驼绒而得到抗菌抗静电羊驼绒，对黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率可达到98%和96%，而且其纤维表面比电阻可以从3.0×104Ω降低为11Ω，整理后的羊驼绒具有了抗菌和抗静电功能。
附图说明
图1为整理后羊驼绒对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率；
图2为整理前后羊驼绒纤维表面比电阻的变化。
具体实施方式
制备使用的化学物质的量值是按预先设置的范围确定的，以克或毫升为计量单位。
(1)精选化学物质及材料：对制备使用的化学物质材料要进行精选，并进行质量纯度、含量控制：
纳米二氧化钛：固态固体，99.5%
硝酸银：固态固体，99.5%
醋酸：液态液体，浓度12%
醋酸钠：液态液体，浓度17%
无水乙醇：液态液体，99.9%
聚乙二醇400：液态液体，99.9%
硅烷偶联剂：固态固体，99.5%
去离子水：液态液体，99.9%
羊驼绒纤维：主体长度172.73mm、纤维细度18.45μm。
制备载银纳米二氧化钛粉末：
在150mL的去离子水中加入70g纳米二氧化钛和0.35g的硝酸银，置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min；加入50mL缓冲溶液醋酸-醋酸钠（10mL醋酸与40mL醋酸钠混合）调节pH值至2；置于水浴恒温磁力搅拌器中以速度600r/min，温度为65℃反应100min后取出，静置48h；高速离心机以10000倍的高速离心；分离的固体在95℃下电热鼓风烘干燥箱机进行烘干，时间为1h；再用研磨钵研磨成粉末后放在马弗炉中进行高温煅烧，温度为600℃，时间为2h。
偶联剂处理载银纳米二氧化钛粉末：
将25g的硅烷偶联剂溶解于100mL的无水乙醇中，然后加入60g的载银纳米二氧化钛粉末：置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min，后在恒温水浴锅中，在温度为40℃下反应30min；高速离心机以10000r/min的高速离心；分离的固体在100℃下鼓风干燥箱机中进行烘干，时间为1h。
制备抗菌抗静电整理液：
将1000mL的聚乙二醇400与65g的偶联剂处理载银纳米二氧化钛混合；置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min，后在恒温水浴锅中，温度为80℃下反应2h。制得抗菌抗静电整理液。
整理羊驼绒：
取上述中制得的抗菌抗静电整理液100mL用1000mL的去离子水稀释；将500g的纯羊驼绒均匀放置于稀释后的整理液中，并在恒温水浴锅中，温度为45℃下反应30min；取出羊驼绒，置于1000mL的去离子水中洗涤，然后挤干，整理羊驼绒步骤至少操作三次，去除浮在羊驼绒表面没有反应的整理液，放入温度为80℃，真空度为100Pa的真空干燥箱中烘干，时间为2h。
Claims (1)
1.一种抗菌抗静电羊驼绒的制备方法，其特征在于：用抗菌抗静电整理液对羊驼绒进行整理；所述抗菌抗静电羊驼绒对黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率是98%，对大肠杆菌的抑菌率为96%；纤维表面比电阻为11Ω；
具体制备步骤如下：
(1)制备载银纳米二氧化钛粉末：在100-150mL的去离子水中加入70g±1g纳米二氧化钛粉末和0.35g±0.01g硝酸银，置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min；加入50-60mL缓冲溶液醋酸-醋酸钠混合液，调节pH值至2-3；置于水浴恒温磁力搅拌器中以速度600-700r/min，温度为60-70℃反应90-100min后取出，静置48h；高速离心机以10000r/min的高速离心；分离的固体在95-100℃下鼓风干燥箱机中进行1h烘干；再用研磨钵研磨成粉末后放在马弗炉中进行高温煅烧2h，温度为600-610℃，制得载银纳米二氧化钛粉末；
(2)偶联剂处理载银纳米二氧化钛粉末：将25g±1g的硅烷偶联剂溶解于100mL±1mL的无水乙醇中，然后加入60g±1g的载银纳米二氧化钛粉末；置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min，然后在恒温水浴锅中恒温40-45℃下反应30min；高速离心机以10000r/min的高速离心；分离的固体在95-100℃下鼓风干燥箱机中进行1h烘干，制得偶联剂处理的载银纳米二氧化钛粉末；
(3)制备抗菌抗静电整理液：将1000mL±100mL的聚乙二醇400与65g±5g的偶联剂处理载银纳米二氧化钛混合；置于超声波分散仪内，在频率为40KHz下超声分散30min，后在恒温水浴锅中，温度为80-85℃下反应2h，制得抗菌抗静电整理液；
(4)整理羊驼绒：用1000mL±10mL的去离子水稀释100mL±1mL的抗菌抗静电整理液；将500g±1g的纯羊驼绒均匀放置于稀释后的抗菌抗静电整理液中，并在恒温水浴锅中，温度为40-50℃下反应30-40min；取出羊驼绒，置于1000mL的去离子水中洗涤去除浮在羊驼绒表面的整理液，然后挤干，放入温度为70-90℃，真空度为100-110Pa的真空干燥箱中烘干2h，获得抗菌抗静电羊驼绒；
(5)检测与表征：对抗菌抗静电羊驼绒采用抑菌圈直径测试法检测抗菌抗静电羊驼绒对黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率是98%，对大肠杆菌的抑菌率为96%；纤维表面比电阻为11Ω。
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